副词从句
副词从句
从句的从属地位，表现为结构完整的句子只相当于一个词的地位，根据其所相当的词性，分别为形容词从句，副词从句和名词从句。
副词从句作状语，往往修饰的是谓语动词或者整个句子，因此不像定语从句或名词从句一样与某一个部分纠结在一起。它往往与主句相对，与主句界限分明。位于句首时，状语从句还常以逗号与主句分开。
I’ve brought my umbrella in case it rains.
I’ve brought my umbrella because it is raining.
I’ve brought my umbrella so that I don’t get wet.
I’ve brought my umbrella even though it’s not raining.
You don’t need an umbrella unless it is raining.
副词从句的从属连词标志从句的存在；表示从句与主句之间的逻辑关系；从属连词不是从句的组成成分，后跟一个结构完整的句子。所以对于副词从句，关键是要找到从属连词，判断其表示与主句属于何种关系。
从属连词归纳when, while, as, before, After, since, till, until, as soon as
一些时间名词：the moment, the instant, the day, the minute, next time, every time;
一些副词：instantly, immediately, directly;
固定搭配的连词：no sooner…than, hardly…when, scarcely…when.
地点状语从句Where wherever, anywhere, everywhere
原因状语从句because, as, for, since seeing that, considering that, now that, given that, in that, inasmuch as, insomuch as
目的状语从句so that, on order that, that lest, for fear that, in case;
In the hope that, on purpose that, for the purpose that, to the end that
结果状语从句so…that, so that, such…that such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that, to such an extent that
条件状语从句if, unless suppose, supposing, providing, provided(supposed, provide非从句连词)sn condition that, so long as, as long as
让步状语从句although, though, even though, even if while(一般用于句首)，as(用于倒装结构)Wh-ever: whatever, whoever, whichever, however, whenever, wherever, whether…or…
as + adj. +主谓结构用于句首
比较状语从句as, than 其他比较句型：the more…the more; just as…, so…; A is to B what/as C is to D; no more…than; not A so much as B/not so much A as B
方式状语从句as, the way
1. 时间状语从句
表示将来时间时，从句用一般现在时
I’ll speak to him when he arrives. (when he will arrive*)
When I fall in love, it’ll be forever, or I’ll never fall in love. When I give my heart, it’ll be complete, or I’ll never give my heart.
*表“将来”的情态动词往往是用于基于一定条件的推测，而不用于表示作为前提的时间或条件等。
When: 某一时刻I’ll speak to him when he arrives.
有时也可接延续动词，如：The doorbell rang when I was telephoning.
*When有时不作“当……时候”讲，而是相当于“……，这时”，这是需要特别注意的用法。 A detective arrested a criminal and was about to handcuff him when a huge gust of wind blew the detective’s hat off.
考题
I was walking along the road ____ suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind. (CET-4) a. immediately b. when* c. the moment d. while
Whenever: 无论何时
Whenever you say “I love you”, mean it. Whenever you say “I’m sorry”, look the person right in the eyes.
While: 相当于during that time, 表示一个时间段，故一般只接延续动词。
The phone rang while I was taking my bath.
*由“同时”而引申，while表示的另一个重要的关系是“对比”。
until单独使用：主句谓语动词为延续性动词，表示“到……为止”。
Wait until he comes back.We’ll stay here till it stops raining.
Until I came back, he was waiting for me at my home.
Not…until: 主句谓语动词为短暂动词，意为“直到……才”。
I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.
One will never realize how much and how little he knows until he starts talking.
Ice cream did not reach America until about the middle of the eighteenth century.
I didn’t go to bed until 12 o’clock last night.
He didn’t leave the office until his boss came back.
Not until: 主句倒装
Not until he saw his mother did the little boy smile
It was not until he saw his mother that the little boy smiled. (为上句的强调结构)
一……就……
as soon as, the minute/the moment/the instant, immediately, directly, instantly:
It began to rain as soon as/immediately/the moment I arrived home.
Hardly/scarcely…when, no sooner…than
No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
Hardly/scarcely had I arrived home when it began to rain.
No sooner had we begun having dinner than the doorbell rang.
2 地点状语从句
通常由where引导Stay where you are.
——，work songs often exhibit the song culture of a people in a fundamental from. (TOEFL 2000) a. They occur where they are b. Occurring where c. Where they occur*
d. Where do they occur
I have kept that portrait _____ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London. (96-01 CET-4)
a. which
b. where*
c. whether
d. when
也可由wherever, anywhere, everywhere引导
Wherever he happens to be, Clint can make himself at home.
Everywhere they appeared, there were ovations.
Wherever there is water, air and earth, there is vegetation.
3原因状语从句
because表因果关系的语气最强，用来回答why的问句，所引出的原因往往是听话人所不知道或最感兴趣的。
You want to know why I am leaving? I am leaving because I’m fed up with the job and boss.
My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.
在主句是否定的情况下，because从句的理解有两种情形。
I didn’t marry her because I lived her.因为我爱她，所以我决定不跟她结婚。
我并不是因为爱她才和她结婚。
Since
表示人们已知的事实，不须强调的原因，故常译成“既然……”，通常放在句首。
Since you are free tonight, why not drop in and play chess with me?
考题You are leaving tomorrow, we can eat dinner together tonight. (99-06 CET-6)
a. For
b. Since
c. Before
d. While
As
As与since用法差不多，所引出的理由在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉而不须用because加以强调。
She didn’t hear us come in as she was asleep.I left a message as you weren’t there.
As Monday is a national holiday, all government offices will be close.
I have to speak English with them, as the guys I live with don’t know any Chinese.
For
对前面分句的内容加以解释或说明。
The days were short, for it was now December.It rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.比较：because it rained last night, the ground is wet this morning.
It must be morning, for the birds are singing.Pay attention to your enemies, for they are the first to discover your mistakes.
比较：
as, for引导的主从句，重要性相对平等；
because从句则显得比主句重要，强调原因；
since则从句次于主句，重在说明将要做什么事。
4 目的状语从句
从属连词有：so that, in order that或that等，从句中常含有情态动词。
The teacher raised his voice in order that the students in the back could hear more clearly.
*联想省略后的不定式in order to do/so as to do（逻辑主语或相同）或in order for sb to do （逻辑主语不同时）。
They carved the words on the stone in order for the future generation to remember what they had done.
The teacher raised his voice in order for the students in the back to hear more clearly.
____ Measure matter we must have units of weight, volume and length. (CET-4)
a. In order
b. In order to*
c. So as
d. So as to
*so as to不可用于句首。因为so本意为“如此”，只有先说了些什么，才谈得上“如此”“怎样”。
Lest, for fear(that), in case: 以免、以防，深怕……
Take an umbrella with you lest it should rain.
People evacuated the building for fear that the wall should collapse.
She cleans the window with great care lest she might break the window.
We had a meeting and talked the matter over face to face, for fear that there should be any misunderstanding.
5. 结果状语从句
so…that, such…that, so (that), such that
a “John Hancock”is a person’s signature. John Hancock was the first person to sign the American “Declaration of Independence”. He signed it so large and bold that now we use his name to refer to anyone’s signature.
Diplomats and crabs are creatures who move in such a way that it is impossible to tell whether they are coming or going.
Such that相当于so + 形容词
His anger was such that he lost control of himself.
The weather is so hot that we can only stay in air-conditioned places.
考题the performance was such ____ the audience was deeply moved. (CET-4)
a. as
b. that*
c. so
d. so that
*省略式为so/such…as to, such as to
He was such a fool as to believe him.He was so foolish as to believe him.
考题His story is _____ to arouse our sympathy.
a. such as*
b. so sad
c. too sad
d. so sad as
The windows are ____ small as not to admit much light at all. (CET-4)
a. very
b. as
c. too
d. so*
Would you be _____ do me a favor, please? (CET-4)
a. so kind to
b. kind as to
c. as kind to
d. so kind as to*
so, such的区别
有不定冠词时，两者皆可用，用法不同
such a(an) + 形容词+ 单数可数名词so + 形容词+ a(an) + 单数可数名词
so beautiful a flower such a beautiful flower so nice a day such a nice day
无冠词时，只用such such beautiful flowers, such nice days*so beautiful flowers such nice weather, such great patience so great patience
但表数量的形容词前一般用so
so many flowers, so much patience, so much fun, so few cars, so little care
考题
Although apples do not grow during the cold seasons, apple trees must have a such season in order to flourish. (TOEFL)
Recently in the automobile industry, multinational companies have developed to the point where such few cars can be described as having been made entirely in one country. (TOEFL) 考题
the police called off their research for the survivors of the air crash because of ___.
a. such bad weather*
b. so bad
c. such a bad weather
d. too bad a weather
such直接与名词相连, so直接与形容词相连。
Such patience, such a fool, such a day, such weather So stupid, so excited, so patient
6. 条件状语从句
该类从句连接词主要有if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。
1．if引导真实条件句
【真题例句】And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber.（2005阅读1）
【结构分析】此句为复合句。逗号前为if引导的条件状语从句，主句中第二个or并列两个谓语refused to accept 和tossed 构成的主干the other either tossed her own token, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber。
【参考译文】如果一只猴子完全不需要用她的代币交换就可以得到葡萄的话，那么另一只猴子就会将代币扔向研究人员或扔出房间外，或者拒绝接受黄瓜片。
2．if引导非真实条件句
【真题例句】If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.（2001阅读3）
【结构分析】if引导非真实条件句，从句采用if+did，与现在相反，主句为would do形式。其中now focused narrowly on race and gender我们可以理解为分词后置作定语，全句主干部分为it would open up its diversity program…and look for reporters…，其中reporters后又跟who 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词reporter，关系代词who在从句中作主语。
【参考译文】假如新闻界注意到了这一问题（参见前文），就应该开办多样化项目--现在项目狭隘地局限于种族和性别，并且寻找世界观、价值观、教育程度和社会阶层大不相同的各类记者。
3．lest引导虚拟结果
【真题例句】They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.（2003阅读2）
【结构分析】本句是复合句。逗号前为主句，后面是lest引导的状语从句，多采用虚拟语气，lest+should do（should可省略）。
【参考译文】他们应该对报刊的读者来信及时作出反应，以免动物权利的误导言论在毫无质疑的情况下横行，从而获得一副虚假的真理的外衣。
注意：条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态不可用将来时，只能用现在时态或过去时态表示将来时。
7. 方式状语从句
由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导，如：
【真题例句】During most of his walking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.（2006英译汉）
【结构分析】本句主句在逗号前，as引导方式状语从句，译为"用像……一样的方式"。
【参考译文】科学家在一生大部分时间里都会认为他的职业准则是理所当然的，这和商人一样。
【真题例句】On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. (2007-47)
【结构分析】本句主句it links these concepts to everyday realities…，介词短语in a manner 作方式状语，后面which引导的定语从句修饰manner。关系代词which在从句中作主语。在
此从句中，又包含as引导的方式状语从句as they cover and comment on the news。
【参考译文】另一方面，这一学科把这些概念结合到日常生活中，这与新闻记者每天报道和评论新闻时的做法是相同的。
【真题例句】"But we are taught instead to 'decide,' just as our president calls himself 'the Decider.' " She adds.（2009阅读1）
【结构分析】本句主句部分在句首，由被动语态充当。逗号后为方式状语从句，由连词as 引导。【参考译文】她接着说"但是我们被教导去作'决定'，就像我们的总裁称呼自己为'决策者'那样。"
难点：only if ; if only only if是“只有”的意思; if only是“只要”意思。2000年例句：He can continue to support himself and his family ____ he produces a surplus.
A. only if
B. much as C .long before D. ever since
要记住：supposing (that)…;provided (that)…;on condition that…
例如：He will surely finished job on time ____he has left to do it in his own way.
A.in that
B.in case
C.as far as
D.so long as
8.让步状语从句although; though; even if; even though
1997年例句：__ __ its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part timers and temporary workers.
A. Even though
B. Now that
C. If only
D. Provided that
2004年例句：All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, __ _ a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.
A. provided
B. since
C. although
D. supposing
表示让步转折的介词：in spite of; despite 例如：__what he achieved in medicine he remained modest. A. Despite B. Although C. If D. Whereas
However; nevertheless; nonetheless
1998年例句：This view; __,is generally thought to be wrong.
A. however
B. meanwhile
C. therefore
D. more over
While当……时候;然而，但是
重点：与as有关的让步状语从句
由as 引导的倒装句
adj.adv分词，名词，短语+as+主语+谓语。如：Child as he is, he can remember a lot of things.
as 或so+adj+as+主谓结构
例如：As much as John hates to do it, he must stay at home and study tonight.
9.比较状语从句重点讲倍数为题
1.倍数+比较级A is three times bigger than B.
2.倍数+as…as 结构。A is three times as big as B.
3.倍数+名词结构A is Three times the size of B.
No more than 特点：
1. No more than=not any more than
2.从功能上看往往表示两个事物之间的类比关系。
3.从意义上看是和……一样。
Not so much as结构上有两种1. Not A so much as B.2.not so much as B.例如：It wasn’t so much that I disliked her ________ that I just wasn’t interested in the whole business.
A. rather
B. so
C. than
D.
as5、关于坚持的名言，
你既然期望辉煌伟大的一生，那么就应该从今天起，以毫不动摇的决心和坚定不移的信念，凭自己的智慧和毅力，去创造你和人类的快乐。——佚名
6、最可怕的敌人，就是没有坚强的信念。——罗曼·罗兰
7、只要持续地努力，不懈地奋斗，就没有征服不了的东西。——塞内加
8、无论是美女的歌声，还是鬓狗的狂吠，无论是鳄鱼的眼泪，还是恶狼的嚎叫，都不会使我动摇。——恰普曼
9、书不记，熟读可记；义不精，细思可精；惟有志不立，直是无着力处。——朱熹
10、既然我已经踏上这条道路，那么，任何东西都不应妨碍我沿着这条路走下去。——康德
11、坚强的信念能赢得强者的心，并使他们变得更坚强。——白哲特
12、三军可夺帅也，匹夫不可夺志也。——佚名
13、立志不坚，终不济事。——朱熹
14、富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能屈。——孟子
15、关于坚持的名言，意志目标不在自然中存在，而在生命中蕴藏。——武者小路实笃
关于坚持不懈的50条励志名人名言
16、意志若是屈从，不论程度如何，它都帮助了暴力。——但丁
17、只要有坚强的意志力，就自然而然地会有能耐、机灵和知识。——陀思妥耶夫斯基
18、功崇惟志，业广惟勤。——佚名
19、能够岿然不动，坚持正见，度过难关的人是不多的。——雨果
20、立志用功如种树然，方其根芽，犹未有干；及其有干，尚未有枝；枝而后叶，叶而后花。——王守仁
21、谁有历经千辛万苦的意志，谁就能达到任何目的。——米南德
22、不作什么决定的意志不是现实的意志；无性格的人从来不做出决定。——黑格尔
23、执着追求并从中得到最大快乐的人，才是成功者。——梭罗
24、有了坚定的意志，就等于给双脚添了一对翅膀。——乔·贝利
25、有百折不挠的信念的所支持的人的意志，比那些似乎是无敌的物质力量有更强大的威力。——爱因斯坦
状语从句是副词性从句
状语从句是副词性从句，它在句子中担任状语，修饰主句的动词、形容词或副词。根据修饰的方面，状语从句可以分为以下九种：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句和比较状语从句。 一、时间状语从句 1.when指的是“某一具体的时间”。whenever指的是“在任何一个不具体的时间”。When I came into the room, he was writing a letter. 当我进屋时，他正在写信。 We shall go there whenever we are free. 我们什么时间有空，我们就去那里。 2.when意为“这时”或“在那个时候”，可以看作是并列句,这种用法的when分句一般位于句末。 I was walking along the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind. 我正在街上走着，这时忽然有人从后面拍我的肩膀。 3.while指“在某一段时间里”，“在……期间”，while引导的动作必须是持续性的。 While it was raining, they went out. 天下雨的时候，他们出去了。 I stayed while he was away. 他不在的时候我在。 4.as引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。 He hurried home, looking behind as he went. 他赶快回家，不时地一边走一边向后看。 5.before译为在……之前 Be a pupil before you become a teacher. 先做学生，再做先生。
副词性从句
因为从句起着名词、形容词和副词的作用，所以一些语法学家把从句分为名词从句（noun clause）、形容词从句（adjective clause）和副词从句（adverb clause）；但从句同时也起着句子成分的作用，因而也有一些语法学家把从句分为主语从句（subject clause）、宾语从句（object clause）和状语从句（adverbial clause）。由此可以看出，副词从句和状语从句是同一概念两种表达术语。副词从句是在句中起副词作用的主谓结构，它可以修饰主句中的动词（a）、形容词和副词（b）或整个主句（c）： a. He asked me to stay where I was. Don't come before we are ready for you. I'll go wherever the party sends me. b. She has made greater progress than we expected. Winter came earlier than it ever did before. He speaks so clearly that we understand every word he says. c. No matter what the others may say, I stick to my opinion. Seeing that the weather has improved, we shall be able to enjoy our game. 副词从句可以用来表示地点、时间、原因、比较、让步、目的和结果等意义。 21.1 表示时间、地点的副词从句（Clauses of time and place） 21.1.1 由when, while, as; until, not until; before, after; whenever等引导的副词从句 a. when, while, as意为"当…时候"。when和as可以表示"点时间"，也可以表示"一段时间"；while只能表 示"一段时间"。 --When he arrives he'll tell us all about the match. --When she was a child, she lived in Shanghai. --While he shaved he thought about the coming interview. --As they were talking, the rain began. . --As I left the house I remembered the key. . --As she came to know him better she relied on him more. . --As it grew darker it became colder. . 注意： 1．as多用来连接两个逐渐发展或演变的动作或状态。例如：We advance in experience as we advance in years. 2．当as意为"当…时候"时，主要与表示动作或发展过程的动词连用，一般情况下它不与下列动词连 用：表示感觉的动词如feel, taste, smell等；表示感情和情绪的动词如admire (respect), appreciate (= value), desire, fear, hate等；表示精神活动的动词如：agree, believe, mean, know, recall, remember, suppose, understand等；表示拥有的动词如belong, own, possess等。 b. till, until 当till和until引导的从句在主句后，且主句的谓语动词含有come, finish, go, reach, return, start等一 时性动作动词时，主句的谓语用否定形式，即not… till (unt il)，其意为"直到…才"。 --I asked Peter not to sign the agreement until he has heard from us. .
连词与状语从句知识梳理
连词与状语从句知识梳理 连词与状语从句知识梳理 知识梳理 知识点1： 一、连词含义 连词是一种虚词，不能担任一个句子成分。它主要是包括并列连词和从属连词。 二、具体用法 1. 并列连词 1）. 并列连词的功能： 连词在句中主要起连接词与词、短语与短语及句子和句子的作用。即，连接两个平行的 成分或句子。 如：and, but, or, nor, so, therefore, yet, however, for, as well as, both… and, not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor, (and)then等等。 2）. 并列连词的用法：表示连接两个共同概念 and 和or 1) 并列结构中，or 通常用于否定句，and 用于肯定句。 2) 但有时and 也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点： There is no air or water in the moon. There is no air and no water on the moon. 在否定中并列结构用or 连接，但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此要用 and 。 both …and 两者都(两者都强调，谓语动词为复数) not only…but (also),不但…而且(强调后者，就近原则)
注意： not only… but also关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词not 而必须倒装。 Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some. neither …nor 意思为" 既不……也不……" (就近原则) Neither you nor he is to blame. as well as也 (强调前者，就远原则) The students as well as their class teacher like watching football matches very much. I have one of his plays as well as a few of his novels. 表示选择的并列结构 1) or意思为" 否则" 。 I must work hard, or I'll fail in the exam. 2) either…or 意思为" 或者……或者……" 。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。 Either you or I am right. 表示转折或对比 1) but表示转折，while 表示对比。 some people love cats, while others hate them. 2) not…but … 意思为" 不是……而是……" not 和but 后面的用词要遵循一致原则。 They were not the bones of an animal, but (the bones) of a human being. 表示因果关系 1) for for 是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放在两个分句中间。 2) so, therefore
副词从句(状语从句)
副词从句 一、什么是副词从句 二、副词从句与对等从句的比较 三、副词从句的种类 1、时间 2、地点 3、条件 4、原因 5、结果 6、目的 7、让步 8、比较 9、方式 一、时间状语从句 常用引导词：when，as，while，as soon as，before，after，since，not....until 特殊引导词：the minute，the moment，the second，every time，the day，the instant I didn't realize how special my mother was until I became an adult. 直到我成为了一个成年人我才意识到我的母亲是多么的特殊。 While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking. 当约翰看电视时，他的妻子正在做饭。 Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble. 每当我听取你的建议时，我就会惹上麻烦。 二、地点状语从句 常用引导词：where 特殊引导词：wherever，anywhere，everywhere Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
一般来说，有工厂的地方空气污染就严重。 Wherever you go, you should work hard. 无论你去哪里，你都应该努力工作。 三、原因状语从句 常用引导词：because，since，as， 特殊引导词：seeing that，now that，in that，considering that，given that. My friends dislike me because I'm handsome and successful. 我的朋友都不喜欢我，因为我又英俊又成功。 Now that everybody has come, let's begin our conference. 既然每个人都到了，让我们开始我们的会议吧。 The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more. 更高的收入税是有害的，因为它或许会阻碍人们努力赚钱。 四、目的状语从句 常用引导词：so that，in order that 特殊引导词：lest，in case，for fear that，in the hope that，for the purpose that The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them. 老板要求秘书快写函件以便他能在上面签字。
【英语】名词性从句经典
【英语】名词性从句经典 一、名词性从句 1．______ will be in charge of the meeting has not been decided yet. A. What B. Which C. That D. Who 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：谁将负责这次会议还没有决定。______ will be in charge of the meeting是一个主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指人，故选D。 【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及who引导的主语从句。 2．It has been pointed out ________ plays a vital role in driving away one's anxiety is one's sweet childhood memories. A. what that B. which C. that D. that what 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：有人指出，驱除焦虑所起着至关重要的作用是童年美好的回忆。本句时一个主语从句，it作形式主语，真正的主语为that what plays a vital role in driving away one's anxiety is one's sweet childhood memories.，主语从句中又有一个主语从句，且此主语从句中缺少主语，所以用what引导。故选D。 【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及what引导的主语从句。 3．___ surprised me most was ____the girl passed the driver test. A. That; that B. What; how C. What; that D. That; why 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：最让我吃惊的是那个女孩通过了驾驶考试。___ surprised me most是一个主语从句，从句中缺少主语，故填what；____the girl passed the driver test 是一个表语从句，句中不缺少成分，故填that。因此选C。 【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句。 4． is clear to the members of the committee is that the President will not give in to their demands. A. Who B. It C. As D. What 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：委员会成员清楚的是，总统不会向他们的要求让步。that the President will not give in to their demands.这个句子作表语； is clear to the members of the committee这是主语从句，这里缺少主语从句的连接词，并且连接词在句中作主语，it是代词，不是了；连接词，故排除B；as作主语时，是在定语从句中，故排除C；who指人，根据表语指的事情，不是人，故排除A；what在主语从句中可以作主语或宾语，指事，符合句意，故选D。 【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及what引导的主语从句。
状语从句连词总结
状语从句连词总结 1 时间状语从句： when当……时候 while 当……时候（动词只能是延续性动词） as当……时候（经常表示一边……一边……） after/before在……之后/之前 until/till直到……（即某一持续性行为持续到某一时间点） since/ever since自从……（即子某一时间点以来，常用完成时态或完成进行时） 名词性短语the time the moment the minute the day the year the first/second time each time每次every time每次next time下次any time在任何时候whenever不管什么时候 by the time到……时候（即指到某一时间点为止，主句常用完成时态） 一……就……as soon as once immediately directly instantly 还没来得及……就……hardly……when no sooner……than as long as长达…… 非时间状语从句：动词ing形式；at……形式；on doing/on sth形式 2地点状语从句 where在哪里，在什么地方 wherever无论在哪里 anywhere无论何处everywhere 到处，处处nowhere 无处，任何地方都无 to/in/from the place（s）where或to/in/from any place where 3原因状语从句 because（语气最强）因为，多置于主句之后 as（语气最弱）因为，多置于主句之前 since语气较弱，常表示对方已知的事实，相当于“既然” now （that）既然 for the reason that因为（that引导的是同位语从句，先行词为reason） in that由于某种原因，多用于书面语 seeing that因为，鉴于 4目的状语从句 in order that以便 so （that）为了 for fear that惟恐，以防 in case以防万一有某种情况发生 5结果状语从句 so （that）所以 so……that……结构 such……that……结构
状语从句类型及相似连词的用法区别
一、状语从句分类及常用连词： 类别连词 状语从句when, whenever, while, as, before, after, since, till, once, as soon as,etc. 状语从句where,wherever 状语从句because, since, as, for, now that, etc. 状语从句so…that, so that, such…that, that, etc. 状语从句in order that, so that, that, etc. 状语从句if, unless, as(so)long as, etc. 状语从句though, although, even if, even though, however, whatever, as,etc. 状语从句as…as, so…as, than, etc. 状语从句as, as if, as though, etc. 二、相似连词的用法区别 1.when, while, as, while表时间，从句需用延续性动词，切不可用瞬间动词。 when表时间，从句既可以用延续性动词，又可以用瞬间动词。 as表时间，与when相似，但侧重强调主从句动作同点或同段进行。 when, while后可以接分词短语。 2.because, as, since, for 语气位置意义 because最强前或后“原因”；表客观因果关系；回答“”as较强前“由于”；把众人所知的事实当作理由since较弱前“既然”；就对方陈述的事实作为理由for最弱后“理由”；对某一事实进行推断的理由 注：上面所说的“前”，指从句在主句之前；“后”，指从句在主句之后。 3.so that, so…that, such…that so that“以便”、“结果”表目的和结果。注意：在从句中有情态动词表目的。无情态动词表结果。 so…that “如此的…以致于”表结果。该结构常见于： 1.so+形／副＋that 2.so+形＋a(an)＋单数名词＋that 3.so＋manymuch＋复数名词（不可数名词）+that such…that“如此的…以致于”表结果。该结构常见于： 1.such＋a(an)＋形＋名词＋that 2.such＋形＋复数名词／不可数名词＋that
(完整)名从性从句高考真题
专题八名词性从句 ——考题尝试(单句语法填空) 1．(2016·北京高考改编)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be entirely free from dust. 2．(2013·全国卷Ⅰ改编)I am wondering whether you can pick him up at the airport. 3．(2015·北京高考改编)I truly believe that beauty comes from within. 4．(2012·浙江高考改编)I made a promise to myself that this year, my first year in high school, would be different. ——规则点拨 当名词性从句主干齐全，又不缺少状语时，用连接词引导。连接词有that, whether和if。 1．that: that 连接名词性从句，只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分。在宾语从句中可以省略。 The teacher informed us (that) we would have a test the next day. 老师告知我们第二天进行测试。 2．if和whether：有“是否”的含义，表示一般疑问。主语从句和表语从句中只能用whether不能用if。if 和whether也不在从句中作成分，只起连接作用。 The trouble is whether he can come on time. 麻烦是他是否能按时来。 [注意事项] 1．在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if： (1)引导主语从句并在句首时； (2)引导表语从句时； (3)引导从句作介词宾语时； (4)从句后有“or not”时； (5)后接动词不定式时。 2．that引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语，常见句型有： (1)it＋be＋形容词(如：obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, evident, clear, apparent等)＋that从句。 (2)it＋be＋名词(如：no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise等)＋
英语名词性从句练习全集及解析
英语名词性从句练习全集及解析 一、初中英语名词性从句 1．________ manners are very important in every country is known to all，but the trouble is that different countries have different ideas about ________ good manners are. A. That; what B. That; that C. What; that D. What; what 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：众说周知，礼貌在每一个国家中都是非常重要的，但是麻烦是，不同的国家对于什么是良好的礼貌有着不同的认识。逗号前有两个谓语动词，一个是are，一个是is known，故是两句话，需填连词连接这两句话，根据句意可知，前面是主语从句，故填that，此处的that，只起连接作用不作任何成分。about是介词，其后是个句子故应填连词把这两句话连接起来，所缺词作are的表语，故填what。因此选A。 【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及that引导的主语从句和what引导的宾语从句。 2．Some people believe _______ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future. A. whatever B. whenever C. wherever D. no matter what 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：一些人认为之前发生的或现在正在发生的任何事情在将来都会重复发生。Whatever has happened before or is happening now是一个主语从句，whatever既引导起这个主语从句，也在句中做主语。BC项都属于副词的性质，都不能做主语，通常只能做状语；no matter what只能用来引导状语从句，故选A。 【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及"特殊疑问词+ever"引导的主语从句。 3． is even more important is the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. A. When; that; when B. What; whether; as C. What; that; as D. lt; whether; as 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】这题考查从句的用法，第一空填what引导主语从句，在主语从句中what做主语，第二空填that引导表语从句，在表语从句中，as是引导时间状语从句，句意是：甚至更重要的是：随着地球的冷却，水开始出现在表面。选C。 4．Has it been announced ______? A. when are the planes to take off B. that are the planes to take off C. where are the planes to take off D. when the planes are to take off 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意: 飞机什么时候起飞已经宣布了吗？此处是when引导的主语从句，且要用陈述句语序，故选D。
副词性从1(状语从句)
副词性从句（状语从句） 状语从句在复合句中做状语可修饰主句中的动词、形容词、和副词等。状语从句有从属连词引导，与主句相接。状语从句的位置可放在句首或句末。放在句首时，其后常用逗号，放在句末时，其前一般不用逗号。状语从句根据它们的含义一般可分为十大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较、方式和程度状语从句。 一、时间状语从句 常用的连词有：before, after, when, as(当，一边…一边), while(在…期间), whenever (无论何时，每当)，since(自从…以来)，as soon as/hardly …when/no sooner than (一…就…)，till /until。如果主句是一般将来时，状语从句中用一般现在时。since所引导的从句一般要用非延续性动词，主句用完成时态。 1. while, when, whenever和as的用法比较 (1) while常表示一段较长的时间或一个过程，强调主句的动词和从句的动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的。她不能表示一时性或暂时性的动作。 Don’t talk so loud while others are working. While he was eating, I asked him to lend me 2 dollars (2) when 引导的时间状语从句可以指时间的一点,也可以指一段时间,从句的谓语动词可用终止性动词,也可用延续性动词.when引导的从句表示具体的时间,从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时也可以先于主句的动作.whenever指任何一个不具体的时间. It was raining when we arrived.(动作同时,指时间点) When you read the poem a second time, the meaning will become clearer to you. (动作有先后,指时间点,不能用while) (3) as 用as时主句和从句的动作往往同时发生,具有延伸意义,一般同延续性动词连用,有时可译作“一边…一边” As time went on, his theory proved to be correct. As we walked, we talked. 2. since 和before 的用法比较 两者均可用于“ It be… since/before+从句”的句型.区别在于since 表示“自从…以来”,所在主从句的谓语动词的时态关系是：It is /has been sometime since sb. did sth. 而before的含义是“(过了多久)才…”主从句的谓语动词的时态关系是: It was /had been sometime before sb. did sth. 表过去和将来时,两者相应的句型分别是: It was some time since sb had done sth. 和It will be some time before sb does sth. It is 30 years since he joined the revolution. It was three days before he came back. 二地点状语从句 常用的从属连词有:where, wherever(无论哪里), everywhere(在每一个地方). After the war, a new school building was put up where there has once been a theatre. She found her calculator where she lost it . Everywhere they went ,the distinguished guests were warmly welcomed. Sit wherever you like. 三原因状语从句 原因状语从句一般由because(因为),since(既然),as(由于),now that(既然,因为)等连词引导. 1. because ,since ,as 和now that (1) because Because 表示直接的原因或理由,表示原因的语气最强,常表示必然的因果关系.回答以引起的特殊疑问句,只能用because. Jane wore a raincoat because it was raining. He is absent today because he is ill (2) since
形容词性从句
形容词性从句（定语从句，或关系从句） 形容词性从句就是定语从句，也叫关系从句，是由关系代词或关系副词引导的分句结构。 它只所以叫定语从句，是因为这种从句的主要功能是作名词修饰语或者定语。事实上。定语从句除作定语外，还可以表示其他意义。比如，在非限制性定语从句中，从句多用来说明或补充而不是用来限定，修饰。 今天我的讲课主要分为3部分，一是关于定语从句中关系副词，关系代词的选择，二是介绍由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，三是使用关系代词AS的具体情况。最后会有一些相关的练习，用于加深理解。 PART 1 定语从句中关系副词，关系代词的选择 一般来说呢，关系副词，比如WHEN，WHERE,WHY的选择比较容易。WHEN，WHERE,WHY 在句中作状语，替代先行项分别表时间，地点和原因。 举个列子The time is not far away when modern communication will become wide spread in China’s vast countryside. 现代通讯在中国农村普及的日子不远了。 WHEN 引导的从句修饰the time. 大家还可以举一下其他的句子。有没有人愿意举个列啊。 然后关系代词的选择具有一定的复杂性，必须必须考虑很多因素。一般有个这样的表格。 用于限定和非限定性从句只用于限定性从句 适用于指人适用于指物适用于指人和指物 主格WHO WHICH THAT 宾格WHOM WHICH THAT 属格WHOSE WHOSE 这个需要大家认真把握、下面我要举几个列子。 Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others,------,of course,make the others jealous. a) who b)that c)what d)which 海伦对她最小的孩子比对其他孩子更关照，这自然引起其他孩子的妒忌。 What 不是关系代词。可以先排除。另外这个句子是非限制性从句，不能用关系代词THAT。根据句意，这个句子关系代词所代表的先行项不是人。而是整个句子，并且是非限制性的，因此只有WHICN合适。 接着我们来讲一下，关系代词的2个特殊适用方法，一个是关系代词省略，另一个则是关系代词THAT的情况。 关于关系代词省略，我们这样的一些例子。I have never been to BEIJING, but it’s the place I most want to visit. PLACE 后面省略了WHICH
名词性从句语法
主语从句 定义：在复合句中充当主语成分的句子叫做主语从句。 主语从句主要有三类： (1)由连词that引导的主语从句 引导词that无含义，在句中不做成分，不可以省。 e.g. That you will win the medal seems unlikely. That you are so indifferent bothers me. That she survived the accident is a miracle. (2)由连词whether引导的主语从句 whether有含义(是否)，在句中不做成分，不可以省略。 e.g. Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much. (3)用连接代词引导的主语从句(在由连接代词who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever引导的名词性从句中，其连接代词在句中起名词性作用，担当一定成分) e.g. What we need is time. What I want to know is this. Whatever you did is right. (主语从句大部分情况看成第三人称单数形式) What we need are good doctors. (主语从句有时可以根据表语来判断单复数问题) Whoever comes is welcome. 翻译：谁将会成为我们的班长仍然还没有确定。 (4)用连接副词when, where, why, how, wherever, whenever引导的名词性从句(其连接副词有含义，在句中作状语) e.g. When they will come hasn’t been made public. 翻译：他们在哪里举办运动会仍然是个问题。 it作形式主语 1. it做形式主语，而将主语从句放在句末(尤其是当谓语较短时) e.g. That light travels in straight lines is known to all. = It is known to all that light travels in straight lines. When the plane is to take off has not been announced. = It has not been announced when the plane is to take off. (当what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语) e.g. What he wants is a book. ≠ It is a book what he wants. 2. 当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it做形式主语，而把主语从句后置。 e.g. Is it true that Tom will give us a lecture next week? 翻译：他们明天不来要紧吗？ Does it matter that they will not come tomorrow? 3.当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以it做形式主语，而把主语从句后置。 How strange it is that the children are so quite! 4.固定用法 a. It be +名词(a pity, a fact, no wonder, common knowledge, a question...)+从句 e.g. It is a pity that we can’t go. b. It be + adj. (obvious, true, necessary, good, clear, strange...) +从句 e.g. It is certain that she will pass the exam. c. It be +过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announce d...)+从句 e.g. It is said that Tom has arrived in Beijing. It is thought that she is the best player.
连词和状语从句导学案1
连词和状语从句 课前练习 1.〖04天津〗Stand over there ____ you’ll be able to see it better. A.or B.while C.but D.and 2.〖05安徽〗That was really a splendid evening.It’s years ___ I enjoyed myself so much. A.when B.that C.before D.since 3. 〖05北京〗—Somebody wants you on the telephone. —___ no one knows I’m here. A.For B.And C.But D.So 4.〖05安徽〗You must keep on working in the evening, ___ you are sure you can finish the task in time. A.as B.if C.when D.unless 5.〖06天津〗The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, the quality of life is probably one of the highest. A.since B.when C.as D.while 6.〖08浙江〗Don’t promise anything ____you are one hundred percent sure. A.whether B.after C.how D.unless 7. 〖08辽宁〗I used to love that film ____ I was a child, but I don’t feel it that way any more. A.once B.when C.since D.although 8. 〖09安徽〗—I wonder how much you charge for your services. —The first two are free ____ the third costs $30. A. while B. until C. when D. before 9.〖10江西〗—Our holiday cost a lot of money. —Did it? Well, that doesn’t matter____ you enjoyed yourselves. A as long as B unless C as soon as D though 10. 〖10辽宁〗The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair ______ he wanted to sit next to his wife. A．although B．unless C．because D．if 11.【2011天津卷】____ regular exercise is very important, it’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime. A.It B. As C.Although D.Unless 12.(06 四川)—Mom, what did the doctor say? —He advised me to live ____ the air is fresher. A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where 从近几年高考试题来看，高考对状语从句的考查主要集中以下两点： 1．考查并列句中and，but，or等连词的选用，表示原因的for与从属连词because，since 的区别，以及when和while作为并列连词的用法，做题时一定要明确前后句的逻辑关系和语境意义。 2．考查状语从句中引导词的选用，其中时间、条件、地点、让步状语从句是考查的重点。一定要把握主句、从句间的语意及逻辑关系，注意区分不同从属连词的语义功能和语法功能。 定义：在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。
英语中8种从句介绍 锐
从句是相对于主句而言的,即它是从属于某一个主句,而不能单独作一个句子.在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句（包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）. 主语从句用作主语,如：： That the earth is round is true.地球为圆的是真实的. 宾语从句用作宾语.如： Do you know where he lives 表语从句用作表语,如： My opinion is that you should not go alone.我的意见是你不应单独前往. 同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词.如： The fact that the earth is round is true.地球是圆的的事实是真实的.（that从句用于解释说明the fact） 定语从句相当于一个形容词,用于修饰前面的名词.如： [ The student who answered the question was John.回答问题的学生是John. 状语从句相当于一个副词,如： When it rains,I usually go to school by bus.天下雨时,我通常坐公共汽车上学.（时间状语） If he comes tomorrow,you will see him.如果他明天来,你就可以看见他.
（if 引导的条件状语从句,其结构为：if +状语从句,＋主句）.要注意在状语从句中有一个规则是“主将从现”,即主句是将来时,则从句要用一般现在时表示将来. 主句和从句的划分方法是相同的.句子的成分从谓语动词处来划分比较容易.谓语动词前面的部分是主语,后面常接宾语,修饰谓语动词的是状语,修饰主语、宾语的是定语,若谓语是系动词,则系动词后的部分是表语.如： I am a teacher.其中,I 是主语,am是谓语,a teacher 是表语. He likes playing football very mucy.其中,he是主语,likes是谓语,playing football是宾语,very much是状语. 英语中8种从句介绍 1定语从句 2时间状语从句 ~ 3地点状语从句 4条件状语从句 5同位语从句 6表语从句 7宾语从句 8主语从句 名词性从句：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses）.名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词