最新汉译英 成语的翻译.ppt
汉英口译中成语的翻译策略研究
汉英口译中成语的翻译策略研究汉英口译中，翻译成语是一个具有挑战性的任务。
成语在汉语中常常具有丰富的文化内涵和特定的含义，因此直接翻译成英语可能会导致信息的丢失或误解。
本文将从翻译成语的策略和技巧两个方面探讨汉英口译中成语的翻译方法。
一、策略1. 直译法：直接将成语翻译成与之对应的英语成语或短语。
这种方法适用于那些在英语中有对应翻译的成语，能够准确传达原文的意思。
“一字之师”可以直接翻译为“a master with a single stroke”。
2. 意译法：根据上下文和文化背景，将成语进行意译，选择与之相近或类似的英语表达方式，以传达其所含的意义。
“狼狈为奸”可以翻译为“in collusion”。
3. 逐字逐句法：将成语拆解成其组成的字词，并逐个翻译，然后根据上下文和语言习惯进行合理的组合和调整。
“画龙点睛”可以翻译为“add the finishing touch”。
二、技巧1. 注意上下文：理解成语的含义需要结合上下文进行，因此在翻译时应该注意上下文的语境，包括对话的语气、说话者的身份和背景等因素，以确保翻译的准确性和适应性。
2. 主动追求对等效果：在翻译成语时，应该追求在英语中与汉语中相同或相似的效果，以使翻译能够传达原文的意思和情感。
这样的对等效果可以通过翻译成英语成语、短语或合理的表达方式来实现。
3. 保留特定文化内涵：成语通常带有丰富的文化内涵，所以在翻译中要注意保留原文的特点和风格，尽量不丢失其中的文化意义。
“木已成舟”可以翻译为“it's already a done deal”。
4. 模糊化处理：在某些情况下，成语的翻译可能会受到文化和语言差异的限制，无法找到与之完全对应的英语表达方式。
此时，可以采用模糊化处理，以保持翻译的流畅性和可读性。
“以牙还牙”可以翻译为“tit for tat”。
在汉英口译中，翻译成语需要综合考虑成语的文化内涵、上下文语境以及翻译目的，选择合适的翻译策略和技巧。
英汉成语对比与翻译
英汉成语对比与翻译爱屋及乌 love me, love my dog.百闻不如一见 seeing is believing.比上不足，比下有余 "worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst笨鸟先飞 a slow sparrow should make an early start.不眠之夜 white night不以物喜，不以己悲 not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losses不遗余力 spare no effort; go all out; do one's best不打不成交 "no discord, no concord.拆东墙补西墙 rob peter to pay paul辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new大事化小，小事化了 try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all大开眼界 open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener国泰民安 the country flourishes and people live in peace过犹不及 going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little功夫不负有心人 everything comes to him who waits.好了伤疤忘了疼 once on shore, one prays no more好事不出门，恶事传千里 good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide.和气生财 harmony brings wealth活到老，学到老 one is never too old to learn.既往不咎 let bygones be bygones金无足赤,人无完人 gold can't be pure and man can't be perfect.金玉满堂 treasures fill the home脚踏实地 be down-to-earth脚踩两只船 sit on the fence君子之交淡如水 the friendship between gentlemen is as pure as crystal; a hedge between keeps friendship green老生常谈，陈词滥调cut and dried, cliché礼尚往来 courtesy calls for reciprocity.留得青山在，不怕没柴烧 "where there is life, there is hope."马到成功 achieve immediate victory; win instant success名利双收 gain in both fame and wealth茅塞顿开 be suddenly enlightened没有规矩不成方圆 nothing can be accomplished without norms or standards.每逢佳节倍思亲on festive occasions more than ever one thinks of one's dear ones far away.it is on the festival occasions when one misses his dear most.谋事在人，成事在天 "the planning lies with man, the outcome with heaven. / man proposes, god disposes. "弄巧成拙 be too smart by half; cunning outwits itself.拿手好戏 masterpiece赔了夫人又折兵 throw good money after bad抛砖引玉 a modest spur to induce others to come forward with valuable contributions; throw a sprat to catch a whale破釜沉舟 cut off all means of retreat；burn one‘s own way of retreat and be determined to fight to the end抢得先机 take the preemptive opportunities巧妇难为无米之炊 if you have no hand you can't make a fist./ one can't make bricks without straw.千里之行始于足下a thousand-li journey begins with the first step--the highest eminence is to be gained step by step前事不忘,后事之师 past experience, if not forgotten, is a guide for the future.前人栽树,后人乘凉 one generation plants the trees in whose shade another generation rests.one sows and another reaps.前怕狼,后怕虎 fear the wolf in front and the tiger behind/ hesitate in doing something弱龙容易压地头蛇 even a dragon (from the outside) finds it hard to control a snake in its old haunt - powerful outsiders can hardly afford to neglect local bullies.强强联手 win-win co-operation瑞雪兆丰年 a timely snow promises a good harvest.人之初,性本善 man's nature at birth is good.人逢喜事精神爽 joy puts heart into a man.人海战术 huge-crowd strategy世上无难事，只要兹登山 "where there is a will, there is a way. "世外桃源 a fictitious land of peace away from the turmoil of the world;死而后已 until my heart stops beating岁岁平安 peace all year round上有天堂，下有苏杭 "just as there is paradise in heaven, ther are suzhou and hangzhou on earth."塞翁失马，焉知非福 misfortune may be an actual blessing.三十而立 "a man should be independent at the age of thirty.at thirty, a man should be able to think for himself."升级换代 updating and upgrading (of products)四十不惑 life begins at forty.谁言寸草心，抓得三春晖 "such kindness of warm sun, can't be repaid by grass. "水涨船高 when the river rises, the boat floats high.时不我待 time and tide wait for no man.杀鸡用牛刀 break a butterfly on the wheel实事求是 seek truth from facts; be practical and realistic; be true to facts说曹操,曹操到 talk of the devil and he comes.实话实说 speak the plain truth; call a spade a spade; tell it as it is实践是检验真理的唯一标准 practice is the sole criterion for testing truth.山无此低，存有仙则名 "no matter how high the mountain is, its name will spread far and wide if there is a fairy; "韬光养晦 hide one's capacities and bide one's time糖衣炮弹 sugar-coated bullets天有不测风云 anything unexpected may happen. a bolt from the blue团结一致就是力量 unity is strength.“跳进黄河洗不清” "eve if one jumped into the yellow river, one can not wash oneself clean--there's nothing one can do to clear one's name "歪风邪气 unhealthy practices and evil phenomena物以类聚，人以群分 birds of a feather flock together.追忆例如风 "the past has vanished (from memory) like wind.; what in past, is past."望子成龙 hold high hopes for one's child屋漏又可逢连阴雨 misfortunes never come singly. when it rains it pours.文韬武略 military expertise; military strategy唯利是图 draw water to one's mill无源之水,无本之木 water without a source, and a tree wiithout roots无中生有 make/create something out of nothing无风不起浪 there are no waves without wind. there's no smoke without fire.徇私枉法 bend the law for the benefit of relatives or friends新官上任三把火 a new broom sweeps clean虚心并使人进步,自豪并使人滞后 modesty helps one go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.蓄势而发 accumulate strength for a take-off心想事成 may all your wish come true心照不宣 have a tacit understanding; give tacit consent; tacit understanding先入为主 first impressions are firmly entrenched.先下手为强 catch the ball before the bound像是热锅上的蚂蚁 like an ant on a hot pan现身说法 warn people by taking oneself as an example息事宁人 pour oil on troubled waters喜忧参半 mingled hope and fear循序渐进 step by step一路平安，一路顺风 speed somebody on their way; speed the parting guest严以律己,宽以待人 be strict with oneself and lenient towards others鱼米之乡 a land of milk and honey有情人终成眷属 "jack shall have jill, all shall be well."有钱能使鬼推磨 money makes the mare go. money talks.有识之士 people of vision有勇无谋 use brawn rather than brain有缘千里去相见 separated as we are thousands of miles apart, we come together as if by predestination.与时俱进 advance with times以人为本 people oriented; people foremost因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude欲穷千里目，更上一层楼 "to ascend another storey to see a thousand miles further; ascend further, were you to look farther; would eye embrace a thousand miles? go up, one flight."欲速则不达 haste does not bring success.优胜劣汰 survival of the fittest英雄所见略同 great minds think alike.冤家宜求解不必结 better make friends than make enemies.冤假错案 "cases in which people were unjustly, falsely or wrongly charged or sentenced; unjust, false or wrong cases"一言既出，驷马难追 a real man never goes back on his words.招财进宝 money and treasures will be plentiful债台高筑 become debt-ridden致命要害 achilles' heel众矢之的 target of public criticism知己知彼,百战不殆 know the enemy and know yourself, and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat.纸上谈兵 be an armchair strategist纸包不住火 truth will come to light sooner or later.左右为难 between the devil and the deep blue sea; between the rock and the hard place。
英语成语的翻译
• These idioms resemble in forms or images, but express discrepant significance and cultural implication. Such as: • „Child‟s play‟ refers to „things easy to do‟ or „things that are not important‟ in English. But its literal meaning in Chinese, “儿戏”，indicates „ not responsible for or serious to important things. • „A walking skeleton‟ depicts an extremely thin person in English. But the Chinese idiom“行尸走 肉” refers to those who doesn‟t work and has nothing valuable in mind but a body. • „Lock the stable after the horse is stolen‟ means it has been late to make up something. In contrast, Chinese idiom “亡羊补牢，为时未晚” puts emphasis on “not being late”.
• Examples of euphony: • 嘴上没毛，说话不牢 • A friend in need is a friend indeed.
• Examples of parallelism: • 狼吞虎咽（“狼”、“虎”are nouns and “吞”、“咽”are verbs. ） • Out of sight, out of mind (the length and structure of two parts are same.)
汉译英_成语的翻译 2
二、 将四字词组译成短语，如介词短语、
副词短语、不定式短语
这种方法往往是套用英语中最简单的词
组或句型。
某位领导的讲话要求外交人员“立场坚
定、目光远大、头脑敏捷、业务熟练、 才华出众、风格高尚”， “A Chinese diplomat should be firm in stand, broad in vision, swift in wit, qualified in profession, outstanding in talent, noble in character.”
三、套用英语中意思相同及功能对等 的习语
四字词组中有很大一部分是固定词组，即成语。成语
往往带有浓厚的民族色彩和地方色彩。翻译时除了要 忠实地表达原文意义之外，还要尽可能保持原文成语 的形象比喻，丰富联想，修辞效果以及其民族、地方 特点等。有的成语和英语中的习语在内容和形式上都 相符合，双方不但有相同的意义和修辞色彩，并且有 相同或大体相同的形象比喻。汉译英时，如果遇到这 种情况，不妨直截了当地套用英语同义习语。这样的 译文可能会增色不少，基本能实现四字词组的美学价 值转移。
谚语俗语
亡羊补牢
Mend the fold after the sheep is stolen. 外来语 一尘不染 Free of dust 心花怒放
Be wild with joy\be elated
新生成语
分秒必争
Seize every minute and second Race against time 百花齐放
香港人、爱护香港人的旭日辉映下，满怀信心，升锚 启航，向着振兴中华，祖国统一的宏伟目标乘风奋进。 We are embarking on a new era. With the respect and trust from the entire nation, we will be much more equipped to sail forward with confidence and with conviction.We will play a part in facilitating the reunification of the entire nation, and bringing a better life to all in the nation.
成语英译方法
成语英译方法今日，为大家介绍成语英译的方法。
一、敏捷翻译1)比方形象不能被译文读者所接受，意译为佳。
例4、沉鱼落雁直译：something makes the fish dive down and geese fall.意译：dazzling beauty/ striking beauty解析：“沉鱼落雁”是极富东方特色的一种表述，中国读者当然非常清晰这里的“something”是指什么，但是国外读者唯恐难以知晓，甚至觉得可能是“雷电”或“飓风”等自然灾难让动物死亡。
既然“沉鱼落雁”的字面意义误导英语读者，便大可采纳应用意译的方式。
例5、灯红酒绿直译：with red lights and green wine意译：dissipated and luxurious开门见山直译：to open the door and see the mountain意译：to come straight to the point解析：以上两个例子，直译都会造成误会，采纳应用意译为佳。
在与其他文化接触时，人们很难摆脱自身的文化传统和思维方式，往往根据自己习惯的思维模式来解读，这就产生了难以避开的文化误会。
这就需要在翻译中留意换位思索。
2)字面上含有中国古代人名、地名，或出自寓言或历史典故的成语，最好绕开其文化背景，翻译其内涵意义。
若加上解释性文字，则失去了成语短小精炼的特点。
例6、毛遂自荐to volunteer one's service东施效颦crude imitation with ludicrous effect悬梁刺股to be extremely hard-working in one's study四周楚歌to be besieged on all sides解析：“毛遂自荐”指的是赵国平原君的门客毛遂自动请缨的故事，假如翻译时将毛遂的人名加上，不免让英文读者一头雾水。
而这成语本身就是一个典故，若是后缀英文解释又显得过于累赘。
成语翻译(英汉互译)
繁荣昌盛thriving and prosperous爱不释手fondle admiringly爱财如命skin a flea for its hide爱屋及乌love me,love my dog He that loves the tree loves the branch 安居乐业live and work in peace and contentment白手起家build up from nothing百里挑一one in hundred百折不挠be indomitable半途而废give up halfway leave sth. Unfinished包罗万象all-embracing all-inclusive饱经风霜weather-beaten卑躬屈膝bow and scrape cringe悲欢离合vicissitudes of life背道而驰run counter to run in the opposite direction本末倒置put the cart before the horse笨鸟先飞the slow need to start early必由之路the only way闭关自守close the country to international intercourse变本加厉be further intensified变化无常chop and change fantasticality变化无常chop and change fantasticality别开生面having sth. New别有用心have ulterior motives彬彬有礼refined and courteous urbane兵不厌诈in war nothing is too deceitful博古通今erudite and informed不败之地incincible position不耻下问feel not ashamed to learn from one's subordinates不可救药be past praying for beyond redemption不劳而获reap where one has not sown不屈不挠fortitude indefatigability perseverance persevere tenacity不速之客crasher uninvited guest不同凡响outstanding不言而喻speak for itself tell its own story tell its own tale went without saying不遗余力spare no effort spare no pains不以为然not approve object to不义之财filthy lucre filthy pelf the mammon of unrighteousness不亦乐乎extremely不远千里go to the trouble of travelling a long distance不约而同happen to coincide不择手段by any kind of means by hook or crook play hard by fair means or foul不知所措be at a loss be all adrift lose one's head out of one's wits才疏学浅have little talent and learning惨绝人寰extremely cruel沧海桑田time brings a great change to the worlds沧海一粟/九牛一毛a drop in the bucket草木皆兵a state of extreme nervousness层出不穷emerge in endlessly层峦迭嶂peaks over peaks察言观色carefully watch what sb. is doing and saying姹紫嫣红very beautiful flowers畅行无阻checkless车水马龙heavy traffic沉默寡言taciturnity称心如意well-content趁热打铁strike while iron is hot Hold a wolf the iron is hot成群结队gang horde诚惶诚恐with reverence and awe诚心诚意sincere desire承上启下a connecting link between the preceding and the following 吃苦耐劳tough吃里扒外live on sb. while helping others secretly痴心妄想胡思乱想wishful thinking持之以恒preserve叱咤风云ride the whirlwind愁眉苦脸pull a long face snoot愁眉苦脸的，愁眉苦脸地woebegone morosely臭名远扬，臭名昭著flagrancy，notorious出乎意料unexpected出口成章have an outstanding eloquence出类拔萃，鹤立鸡群fill the bill supereminence出谋划策give counsel suggest出奇制胜defeat sb. by a surprise action出生入死go through fire and water触类旁通comprehend by analogy垂头丧气，无精打采down in the mouth lose one's spirits with the tail between the legs垂头丧气的blue about the gills crestfallen downhearted绰绰有余more than sufficient此起彼伏as one falls,another rises从容不迫go easy take one's time从容不迫的leisured unhurried从容不迫地by easy stages粗枝大叶careless slapdash sloppy粗枝大叶的broad-brush措手不及unaware unprepared错综复杂扑朔迷离anfractuosity错综复杂的anfractuous daedal reticula sinuous打草惊蛇act rashly and about: the enemy大材小用waste one's talent on a petty job大公无私selfless大海捞针look for a needle in a bottle of hay大惑不解be extremely puzzled大惊小怪a storm in a teacup foofaraw fuss like a hen with one chicken 大惊小怪的spoffish大快人心affording general satisfaction大名鼎鼎famous well known大器晚成great minds mature slowly大千世界the boundless universe大失所望greatly disappointed大同小异largely identical but with minor differences大显身手大显神通strut one's stuff大言不惭夸夸其谈fanfaronade rodomontade大义凛然inspiring awe by upholding justice大义灭亲place righteousness above family loyalty大智若愚Still waters run deep. An empty vessel makes the most sound Still water runs deep呆若木鸡dumbstruck transfixed待人接物the ways one gets along with others殚思极虑rack one's brains胆小如鼠cannot say boh to a goose胆战心惊的funky淡泊明志not seek fame and wealth道貌岸然be sanctimonious得过且过drift along muddle along得天独厚的advantaged得心应手handy with facility得意忘形得意洋洋bloat get dizzy with success得意洋洋elated elation exaltation jauntiness得意扬扬ride high得意洋洋的cock-a-hoop high-blown perky得意扬扬的triumphant德才兼备have both ability and moral integrity德高望重sainted saintlike登峰造极reach the limit reach the peak of perfection地大物博vast territory and abundant resources颠倒黑白颠倒是非混淆是非call white black swear black is white 颠三倒四confused disorderly雕虫小技insignificant skill调兵遣将move forces调虎离山lure the enemy away from his base掉以轻心treat sth. Lightly喋喋不休blat cackle chackle harp harp on jaw-jaw rattle twitter wag 顶天立地of indomitable spirit东施效颦blind imitation with ludicrous effection东山再起bob up like a cork独具匠心show originality独树一帜develop a school of one's own独一无二in a class by oneself独一无二的unique unmatched unparalleled度日如年one day seems like a year断章取义garble quote out of context对牛弹琴whistle jigs to a milestone Cast pearls before swine对症下药suit the remedy to the case多才多艺versatility多才多艺的accomplished all-round allround miscellaneous versatile 多愁善感sensitivity sentimentality多愁善感的moonstruck spoony多此一举bring owls to Athens hold a candle to the sun多多益善the more the better咄咄逼人aggressive脱胎换骨thoroughly remould oneself阿谀奉承趋炎附势greasiness恩将仇报以怨报德忘恩负义bite the hand that feeds one尔虞我诈each trying to cheat the other发人深省的thought-provoking发人深省set people thinking发扬光大carry forward翻山越岭tramp over hill and dale翻天覆地world-shaking泛滥成灾overrun飞黄腾达青云直上come into one's kingdom rise in the world strike oil 飞黄腾达的successful飞禽走兽birds and beasts废寝忘食forget food and sleep分道扬镳part company,each going his own way分化瓦解disintegrate divide and demoralize分门别类classify纷至沓来come in a continuous stream纷至沓来的thick as hail奋不顾身dash ahead regardless of one's safety愤愤不平be indignant愤世嫉俗的cynical丰富多彩rich and colorful丰功伟绩great achievement丰衣足食have ample food and clothing风花雪月sentimental writings of the exploiting classes风马牛不相及be totally unrelated风靡一时be the rage风平浪静calm风起云涌like a rising wind and scudding clouds风雨同舟stand together regardless of situation风雨无阻in all weathers锋芒毕露make a showy display of one's abilities蜂涌而来pour逢场作戏join in the fun on occasion逢凶化吉trun ill luck into good奉公守法law-abiding敷衍了事make short shrift of palter scuffle釜底抽薪take a drastic measure to deal with a situation赴汤蹈火出生入死go through fire and water富丽堂皇magnificence覆水难收spilt water cannot be gathered up again It is no use crying over spilt milk。
成语典故俗语的翻译共144页文档
第二节：成语典故、俗语、谚语与歇后语英译
• 上述五类汉语词语英译，是汉语词语英译的一 大难题。虽不乏共性，但各有特点。成语、典 故基本上是书面语言，俗语、谚语和歇后语基 本上是口头语言。另外，成语与典故，尤其是 典故，都有出典，俗语、谚语和歇后语虽也涉 及典故，但数量较少，也更为通俗。汉语成语 典故，四字格者居多，汉语俗语、谚语和歇后 语中，四字格者如有也仅为凤毛麟角。如前所 述，歇后语有自己的固定格式，酷似谜语。它 们之间的这些差异以及下面将要具体阐述的其 他差异都会反映到选择翻译策略功迈出的第一步
第二节：成语典故、俗语、谚语与歇后语英译
第二节
汉语成语、典故、 俗语、谚语与 歇后语英译
汉翻译英教程 程永生著
第二节：成语典故、俗语、谚语与歇后语英译
目录
• 汉语成语英译 Go • 汉语典故英译 Go • 汉语俗语英译 Go • 汉语谚语英译 Go • 汉语歇后语英译 Go
程永生著
第二节：成语典故、俗语、谚语与歇后语英译
• 成语作为短语或词组在句中可担任一定成分，如主语、 谓语（包括能愿合成谓语、判断合成谓语、兼语句谓 语、连动句谓语等）、宾语（包括介词宾语）、定语、 状语、补语和独立成分等，还可以分句的形式存在。 但成语作为句子成分往往深埋在一定的层次中。从结 构上看，成语可分为联合式、动宾式、主谓式、偏正
对应性。我们有时将kill two birds with one stone译成一 箭双雕，严格地说，是很勉强的，所以后来多倾向于 译成一石双鸟。像这样直译成语，在某种意义上属于
巧合。因此，英译汉语成语时，我们很少选用具有一 定对应性的英语成语。
•
程永生著
第二节：成语典故、俗语、谚语与歇后语英译
【管理资料】汉译英词语翻译--成语翻译--3汇编
成语英译方法（p79-81）
➢直译法 ➢意译法 ➢套译法 ➢加注法 ➢增译法
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直译法
➢按照字面意义直译可以让译 文读者准确理解其意义、且 不违背译文语言规范、不引 起错误联想的成语，都可以 直译。
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-直译法-1
➢有些汉语成语没 ➢口蜜腹剑 有形象的比喻意 ➢ to be honey义，它们的字面 mouthed and 意义也就是它们 dagger-hearted 的实际意义。对 这些成语，我们 当然可以采取字 面翻译。
➢ to drain a pond to catch all the fish
turning over one’s hand ➢ 玩火自焚
➢ to get burnt by the
fire kindled by oneself
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汉语成语英译
➢ 挥金如土
➢ to spend money like dirt
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-直译法
➢ 劳苦功高 ➢ to have spent toilsome labour and won
distinctive merits ➢ 屡教不改 ➢ to fail to mend one’s ways after repeated
admonition ➢ 牢不可破 ➢ to be so strongly built as to be indestructible
paper
and
bewitched gold
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意译法
➢ 单枪匹马
➢海阔天空
➢ to be singlehanded in doing sth.