惯用语的翻译(答案)

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汉语惯用语的翻译

汉语惯用语的翻译惯用语是口头常用的洗练、含蓄的语言，比一般词和词组更具定型性，比四字成语更具灵活性，比书面语更具含蓄讽刺、生动形象的比喻性。

惯用语主要出现在群众的日常口语中，书面上出现在小说、电影、电视、戏剧的人物对话里，也出现在比较口语化的议论文和散文中。

首先把惯用语放在汉语文化背景下分析，确定汉语文化同英语文化的差别与联系；然后根据翻译目的及读者群制定翻译策略，构建相应文字，最后展现给读者。

下面是惯用语翻译常见的翻译方法：一、直译法直译的惯用语一般是比喻性特别强的那一晚真令人倒胃口。

The evening was a real turnoff.你像个正人君子，很够朋友，想不到你这样的不道德。

You seemed like a real gentleman，someone whom be a true friend.I never thought you were so unethical他真是糊涂虫。

我看他将来要怕老婆的。

He is such a muddle-head;I can see he's going to be henpecked鼓励人们勇于承担责任不是让人们充当替罪羊，而是对人的良知的呼唤。

虽然承担责任意味着牺牲个人利益，但是你能从中体会到一种更加深刻的成就感。

Encouraging responsibility is not a search for scapegoats;it is a call to conscience.And though it requires sacrifice，it brings a deeper fulfillment.对幸福的家庭来说，责任心和性忠诚是紧密相连的。

婚外恋被看作是对婚姻的最大的威胁。

汉英翻译第十讲惯用语的翻译.

• 例：（1）敲诈勒索（成语） • Blackmail and impose exactions upon • 敲竹杠（惯用语） • Overcharge; fleece; soak • (2) 趋炎附势（成语） • Hurry to the glorious and hang on to the
• 例：（1）门外汉
• A man outside the gate • (建议改成 the uninitiated 或 a layman) • （2）小广播
• A small broadcast station • (建议意译成 spreading of hearsay
information) (3) 风凉话
• 从上面的例子中，译文同原文在意义和语体上都是一致的。甚至有一部分惯用语能在英语习语里找到同比喻者一致的对等物。
• 例：（1）开绿灯
• Give the green light • (2) 泼冷水
• Pour cold water on • (3) 唱反调
• Sing a different tune • (4) 挖空心思
• Hait hasn’t got a mind of his own on any matter of importance; he just goes with the tide.
• 海特在任何重要问题上都没有自己的主见，他只是随大流。（这里不宜译成“随波逐流”。）
• They didn’t give him a raise, though he had licked his boss’s boots for years.
• Concentrate on one thing only
• (4) 咬耳朵

新概念英语第三册Lesson10~12惯用语

新概念英语第三册Lesson10~12惯用语新概念英语第三册Lesson10惯用语1.only 要是…就好了(表示愿望)(=I wish, 虚拟语气特殊句型)(it would be better if...)（1）If only we had’t spent so much money on our vacation this year.要是我们今年度假时没有花这么多钱就好了!（2）If only, had’t caused so much trouble to the dean!要是我没给主任添这么多麻烦就好了!（3）A:I wish my hair was longer.A:我希望头发长一些。

B:Yes, pity you had it cut. If only you had listened to me.B:的确，真可惜你已经剪短了。

要是你当初能听我的话就好了。

2.in time 及时，及时赶上做例句：（1）Shouldn’t we call now if we are going to get a taxi in time?如果我们想及时叫辆出租的话，我们不该现在就打电话吗?（2）You won’t be able to get to the airport intime to catch that plane at four o’clock.你不会及时赶到机场去赶四点的那班飞机的。

（3）I saw the pitcher of water about to fall. but I couldn’t reach it in time.我看见那水罐就要倒了，可是没来得及抓住。

3.miss v. 未击中，未抓住;错过，未赶上;未理解;惦念，想念;逃脱，遗漏，省掉miss by (time)差...没赶上(miss sth.with a delay of...)（1）You just misssd the nine-thirty bus by five minutes.你差5分钟没赶上9:30的公共汽车。

翻译技术简明教程期末复习

翻译技术简明教程期末复习1. 直译法(1) 英译按原文的字面翻译, 其比喻意义同原文一样生动, 译文使读者能很快联想起英文中的对等成语. 如:竭泽而渔to drain a pond to catch all the fish (相当于kill the goose that lays the goldeneggs)2) 打草惊蛇to stir up the grass and alert the snake (相当于wake a sleeping dog)3)易如反掌to be as easy as turning over one’s hand (相当于as easy as falling off a log)4) 玩火自焚to get burnt by the fire kindled by oneself (相当于fry in one’s own grease)5)掌上明珠a pearl in the palm (相当于the apple of one’s eye)6)对牛弹琴to play the lute to a cow (相当于cast pearls before swine)7)守口如瓶to keep one’s mouth closed like a bottle (相当于keep a still tongue in one’s head)8) 雪中送炭to send charcoal in snowy weather (相当于help a lame dog over a stile)9) 画蛇添足to draw a snake and add feet to it (相当于paint the lily)(2) 不少汉语成语不一定有非常对等的英语成语, 但它们的字面翻译也能使译文读者得到正确无误的形象意义. 如:1) 声东击西to shout in the east and strike in the west2) 刻骨铭心to be engraved on one’s heart and bones3)井底之蛙to be like a frog at the bottom of a well4)调虎离山to lure the tiger from the mountain5)口蜜腹剑to be honey-mouthed and dagger-hearted2. 意译法如手忙脚乱in a frantic rush 立竿见影get instant results它虽难以保全成语的文化特色和具体形象却能简洁明快的反应出成语的喻义。

英文翻译

1．Potluck Party：一种聚餐方式，主人准备场地和餐具，参加的人必须带一道菜或准备饮料，最好事先问问主人的意思。

2．Pull over！把车子开到旁边。

3．Drop me a line！写封信给我。

Give me a ring. = Call me！来个电话吧！4．For here or to go？堂食或外卖。

5．Cool：That's cool! 等於台湾年轻人常用的囗语"酷！"，表示不赖嘛！用于人或事均可6．What's up? = What's happening? = What's new? 见面时随囗问候的话"最近在忙什么？有什么新鲜事吗？"一般的回答是"Nothing much!"或"Nothing new!"7．Cut it out! = Knock it out！= Stop it! 少来这一套！同学之间开玩笑的话。

8．Don't give me a hard time! 别跟我过不去好不好！9．Get yourself together! 振作点行不行！10．Do you have "the" time? 现在几点钟？可别误以为人家要约你出去。

11．Hang in there. = Don't give up. = Keep trying. 再撑一下。

12．Give me a break! 你饶了我吧！（开玩笑的话）13．Hang on. 请稍候。

14．Blow it. = Screw up. 搞砸了。

15．What a big hassle. 真是个麻烦事。

16．What a crummy day. 多倒霉的一天。

17．Go for it. 加油18．You bet. = Of course. 当然；看我的！19．Wishful thinking. 一厢情愿的想法。

(完整版)大学英语翻译全教程(完美版)练习与作业

课后练习：
To make a long story short. It is another story now. He storied about his academic career and his professional career. I don ’ t buyuyrostory. Once the story got abroad, I would never hear the last of it. Of Studies 选段： Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight is in privateness and
Once in a blue moon
as cool as a cucumber
Black sheep
as timid as a rabbit
4.音译法
1
karaoke Guitar Model Coffee Sofa 气功太极功夫狗不理好利来 5.音译意译结合法 KFC
三、词法翻译
1.对等译法直接找到同原文对等的表达。
2
retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business.
作业二：句子的翻译
一、普通句子的翻译
1.换序译法更换原文的词序，使得译文通顺。 even the wild animals of his homeland, it seemed to Kunta, had more dignity than these creatures. 2.断句译法长而复杂的句子，适当断开翻译。 the shark swung over and the old man saw his eye was not alive and then he swung over once again, wrapping himself in two loops of the rope. 3.转句译法原文词语具有丰富含义，需要译文转译成一个句子。 a crashing thunderstorm, with thick rain hissing down from skies black as night, stopped Victor Henry from leaving the White House. 4.合句译法英语句子一般较长，汉语句子较短，所以汉译英时常把几个句子合起来译成一个英语句子。贾琏见他去了，只得回来瞧凤姐。／谁知凤姐已醒了，听他和鸳鸯借当。 5.缩句译法将原文的一个句子转换为译文句子的一个部分。 her father became the mayor of the city. He was a murderer in the Second World War. 6.转态译法原译文的主被动语态进行转换。 she hadn’t been told Bette’s other name, or sh’ed forgotten it. 7.正反译法原文中的否定词译文翻译为肯定词，肯定词翻译为否定词，相反也可以这样。 we must never stop taking an optimistic view of life. He seemed to be at a loss for the precise words to elaborate his opinion.

用英文表达中文惯用语1

用英文表达中文惯用语1. 炒鱿鱼：比喻某人被解雇、辞退Literal meaning（字面意义）：To fry cuttlefishFigurative meaning（比喻意义）: Be sacked / be firedE.g. He was fired for always being late.2. 出气筒：比喻那些无故受气的人Literal meaning（字面意义）：Breathing-out pumpFigurative meaning（比喻意义）: Punching bagE.g. He always uses Ken as a punching bag.Don't use anyone as a punching bag.3. 穿小鞋：比喻暗中打击报复或利用权利故意刁难，使别人痛苦Literal meaning（字面意义）：Give someone tight shoes to wearFigurative meaning（比喻意义）: Make things hard for someoneE.g. Don’t make things hard for Jeremy.4. 出风头：指故意吸引别人的注意，骄傲地显示自己比别人强Literal meaning（字面意义）：Stand out at the wind’s headFigurative meaning（比喻意义）: Seek the limelight / show offE.g. She always tries her best to seek the limelight on different occasions.They enjoy showing off on certain occasions.5. 吹牛皮：指夸口、说大话Literal meaning（字面意义）：Blow up a bull’s skinFigurative meaning（比喻意义）: To boast / to bragE.g. Someone likes to brag.You are always boasting.6. 掉链子：比喻在关键时刻出现了问题而使事情产生了不好的结果Literal meaning（字面意义）：(Bike) chain falls offFigurative meaning（比喻意义）: Drop the ballE.g. He dropped the ball at the critical moment and led to a bad consequence.7. 兜圈子：指说话拐弯抹角、不干脆、不直接Literal meaning（字面意义）：Circle aroundFigurative meaning（比喻意义）: Beat about the bush/ beat around the bush E.g. Don’t beat around the bush.I see no reason to beat about the bush.。

用英文表达中文惯用语3

用英文表达中文惯用语1. 老狐狸：常常指那些非常狡猾、阴险的人Literal meaning（字面意义）：An old foxFigurative meaning（比喻意义）: A cunning person / a sly person / a sharp operatorE.g. He is as cunning as a fox.He is a sharp operator.2. 老黄牛：用来比喻那些老实勤恳工作的人Literal meaning（字面意义）：An old oxFigurative meaning（比喻意义）: A very loyal hard-workerE.g. He is a very loyal hard-worker.3. 老油条：指人油滑、圆滑Literal meaning（字面意义）：Old dough stickFigurative meaning（比喻意义）: A sophisticated person / a wily old bird E.g. He is a sophisticated person.That guy is a wily old bird.4. 驴脾气：指听不进别人的劝告、固执己见、直来直去的人Literal meaning（字面意义）：Donkey’s temperamentFigurative meaning（比喻意义）: Stubborn / as stubborn as a muleE.g. He is stubborn.He is as stubborn as a mule.5. 落汤鸡：比喻那些全身湿透、样子狼狈的人Literal meaning（字面意义）：A chicken in a hot soupFigurative meaning（比喻意义）: Get soaked in the rain / like a drowned ratE.g. I look like a drowned rat because I almost drowned.We’d better go now in case we get soaked in the rain. 我们要走了，不然要淋成落汤鸡了。

用英文表达中文惯用语2

用英文表达中文惯用语 1. 东道主：泛指接待或请客的主人Literal meaning（字面意义）：Owner of the road in the eastFigurative meaning（比喻意义）: HostE.g. To our host, President Ran. 这杯敬我们的东道主，冉主席。

2. 恶作剧：指那种故意戏弄别人而使别人害怕、尴尬或痛苦的行为Literal meaning（字面意义）：A mischievous trick / an evil trick Figurative meaning（比喻意义）: A prank / a practical jokeE.g. A prank is a childish trick.People play pranks on one another on April Fool’s Day.3. 耳边风：用来比喻听了不放在心上的话Literal meaning（字面意义）：A wind passing by one’s earsFigurative meaning（比喻意义）: Words or advice that are not taken seriously by the listener / go in one year and out the otherE.g. Anything we tell them goes in one year and out the other!4. 鬼门关：用来比喻那些可怕、危险的地方Literal meaning（字面意义）：The gate of ghostsFigurative meaning（比喻意义）: A danger spot / the jaws of deathE.g. He is rescued from the jaws of death.5. 旱鸭子：指那些怕下水或不会游泳的人Literal meaning（字面意义）：Dry duckFigurative meaning（比喻意义）: Landlubber / someone who can’t swim or is afraid of waterE.g. I'm a landlubber.You are always boasting.6. 和稀泥：指分不清楚事情的对错，只是没有原则地用折中的办法处理事情Literal meaning（字面意义）：Mix liquid mudFigurative meaning（比喻意义）: Try to mediate differences at the sacrifice of principleE.g. He often tries to mediate differences at the sacrifice of principle.7. 红眼病：比喻羡慕、嫉妒别人Literal meaning（字面意义）：Red eye disease / pinkeyeFigurative meaning（比喻意义）: Green-eyed / envious or jealous of another’s advantagesE.g. Jealousy is a green-eyed monster.。

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1．走后门
get in by the back door;
secure advantages through pull or influence;
resort to backstairs influence;
pull strings
2．病急乱投医
turn to any doctor one can find when critically ill;
Put a label on sb; brand sb; categorize sb
寻短见look for a short view
Try to commit suicide; try to end one’s life
炒冷饭fry the cold rice
Dish up the same old stuff; heat leftover rice-rehash; say or do the same old thing; old wine in a new bottle
try any remedy to get out of trouble when the situation is desperate;
a drowning man will clutch/grasp at a straw
一.惯用语的直译
连根拔
Tear up by the roots; root out; eliminate; eradicate; pluck up by the roots;
唱对台戏
Put on a rival show; tit for tat; measure for measure; enter into rivalry
另一方面，在翻译较口语化的英语原文时，可考虑在汉语译文中适当使用口语较强的惯用语，而不应用文气十足的四字成语。
1.“Now stopplaying tricks, orI’ll shoot you at once.”The big man threatened and raised his gun.
饱眼福
Feast one’s eyes on sth
扇阴风，点鬼火
Fan the winds of evil and spread the fires of turmoil; fan up evil words and flames; incite people to violence
二．惯用语的直译。
单打一
Concentrate on one thing only; have a one-track mind
咬耳朵
Whisper in sb’s ear
卷铺盖
Pack up and quit; get fired; get the sack; give sb the boot; boot sb out
戴高帽
Lay it on (thick); laud sb to the sky; flatter
开绿灯
Give the green light; give the go-ahead
唱反调
Sing a different tune; do the opposite
试金石
touchstone
挖空心思
Rack one’s brains
7．走背运
Have bad luck; be out of luck; be down on one;s luck; be off one’s luck
8．一物降一物
There is always one thing to conqure another; every force has a counterforce; everything ahs its nemesis; everything has its vanquisher
Spreading of hearsay information; bush telegraph; grapevine; gossip; rumour
风凉话cold words
Irresponsible and sarcastic remarks; make derisive comments
扣帽子put a cap on somebody
敲竹杠
Overcharge; fleece; soak; highways robbery; put the oug on; make sb pay through the nose
趋炎附势
Hurry to the glorious and hang on the the influential; be the floower of the rich and the powerful;
9．八字没一撇
Not even the first stroke of the character“八”has appeared—nothing tangible is in sight; ther’s no sign of anything happening yet
10．不打不相识
Out of blows friendship grows; no discord, no concord
捋虎须
Stroke a tiger’s whiskers; run great risk;
一窝蜂
(of a crowd of people) like a swarm of bees;
及时雨
Timely rain; timely help
走下坡路
Go downhill; go from bad to worse; take a bad turn; be ontheslide
4．摆架子
Put on airs; assume great airs
5．摆花架子
Ametaphor for presenting an attractivefacadebut in reality lacking substance; do for show
6．摆门面
Keep up appearances
惯用语的翻译
惯用语指的是口语中常用的一种固定词组，比一般词和词组更具定型性，比四字成语更具灵活性，比书面语更具含蓄讽刺、生动形象的比喻性，其意义一般是比喻义或引申义。在结构形式上，汉语惯用语多用三字结构，有时也可拆开、加字。在使用特色上，由于汉语惯用语所具有的民族性和地方色彩很强，直接把惯用语的字面意思翻译成英语，有许多无法使英美读者理解或接受。如以下两例，可采用哪些翻译方法？
绕圈子
Beat about the bush
灌米汤
Butter sb up; blind sb by sweet words; bewitch sb with honeyed words
露马脚let the cat out of the bag; show the hoof; give oneself away
由于惯用语具有较强的口语性和简洁性，因此对原文进行逐字翻译反而会使有些惯用语失去原有的特点，甚至歪曲原有的意思，读者看了会不知所云或感到可笑：
门外汉a man outside the gate
The uninitiated; a layman;
小广播a small broadcast station
这个大汉举起枪，威胁道：“别耍花招了，要不老子马上崩/毙了你！”
2.They didn’t give him a raise though he hadlicked his boss’s bootsfor years.
尽管这几年你都在拍他老板的马屁，但他们并没给他升职/涨工资。
四．练习
1．婚外恋
Extramaterial love/affair/sex; love affair out of wedlock
三．惯用语的套译
杀风景
Be a wet blanket; spoil the fun or show; dampen one’s enthusiasm; be a joykiller
拍马屁
Lick sb’s boots; flatter
放空炮
Spout hot air; talk big; boast; talk horse; pay lip service
2．当家教
Teach in a family; be a family tutor; governness
3．泼冷水
Put/throw cold water on; put a wet blanket over; put a damper on; rain on someone’s parade; dampen the enthusiasm of sb
赔了夫人又折兵
(1)give one’s enemy a wife and lose one’s soldiers as well;
(2)present (one’s enemy) with a wife and lose one’s men into the bargain
suffer a double loss instead of making a gain; pay a double penalty
狼狈为奸
Act in collusion with each other
穿连裆裤
Work hand in glove with; collude; band together; gang up/together
针锋相对
Stand in diametrical opposition to; act/stand in direct opposition to
四．翻译惯用语时要注意的几个方面。
一方面，在翻译时，要注意惯用语与四字成语在语体上的区别。一般说来，成语的语体比较正规，惯用语的语体比较口语化，因此在翻译时要体现出这个差别，不能把惯用语用得过于书面气。