07 被动语态精讲-2020年高考英语语法突破真题精讲+课件
Look at the following pictures and please tell me what happened to the man.
An unlucky man
The man is punched. The man was kicked.
The man is scratched. The man is bitten.
1.被动语态是高考英语学习的重要语法项目之一，它的结构和用法比较复杂，也
很容易出现很多的陷阱题，是高中阶段英语学习的一个重点。
2.被动语态在高考中经常和时态一起考察，一般出现1-2 题，分值1-2 分。除了直
接在语法填空、短文改错中考到，写作中也会用到，另外，在阅读理解中正确理解被动语态的含义也非常重要。
3.在英语中，被动语态使用得比汉语要普遍，因此被动语态在英语中极为重要。许多课本
及考试乃至实际应用中都常常涉及到被动语态。
被动语态
动词语态的概述动词的语态表示主语与谓语之间的关系
主动语态
表示主语是动作的执
行者或发出者
He wrote a novel.
(主语
he 是动作wrote 的执行者)
被动语态
表示主语是动作的承
受者
A novel was written by him.
(主语A novel 是动作的承受者)
【即学即练】
找到下列句子的主语，并判断是动作的执行者还是承受者。
1.Someone met him at the station this morning.
主语：，是(动作的执行者还是承受者).
2.He was met at the station this morning.
主语：，是(动作的执行者还是承受者).
被动语态的构成(肯定句、否定句、疑问句)
一.一般现在时的被动语态
观察变化后的两个句子，总结被动语态的动词形式：
被动语态（be done）
被动语态be字变过去分词跟后面
I wash clothes.
We speak Chinese every day. Chinese We speak every day.
看图组句子：参考下页图片
二.一般过去时的被动语态
The bridge was built last year.
The road was repaired last year.
The thieves were caught by police.
看图组句子：肯定句、否定句、疑问句
三.一般将来时的被动语态
四.现在进行时的被动语态
What’s my grandpa doing?
一般将来时的被动语态：
will/shall be + done ; be going to be done
五.其他时态的被动语态
六.小结
【即学即练】
1.
Paper money (use)for over a thousand years.
2.The fire ＿＿＿＿(get)to the fifth floor. All the people＿＿＿＿（save).
3.Till now, three films ＿＿＿＿(show)in that small village this month.
4.Would you please keep silent? The weather report＿＿＿＿＿＿(broadcast)（正在播放）and I want to listen.
5.My sister is working in the power factory that ＿＿＿(build)for just one year.
6.The problem＿＿＿＿＿＿(discuss)tomorrow.
7.He said that work ＿＿＿＿＿＿(finish).
8.The baby should be ＿＿＿＿＿＿（take）good care of by the baby-sitter.
9.NO SMOKING should＿＿＿＿＿＿(see) in the stores even in many parts of the city.
10.Many interesting experiences ＿＿＿＿＿＿(carry)out these days.
特殊形式的被动语态
1.含有情态动词的被动
being不能省略
2.含有双宾语的被动
【即学即练】
My mom has bought me an iPhone.
I .
An iPhone .
3.表里不一的代表
“一感”“二听”“三让”“五看”
主动to字要离去，被动to字要回府。
feel hear/listen to make/let/have see/look/watch/notice/observe
【即学即练】
标出下列句子的成分，并将句子改为被动语态
1.We can w rite letters in English.
2.Parents should allow teenagers to choose their own clothes.
3.You must clean your bedroom every day.
4.I heard him sing a song.
主动表被动
①系动词:描述主语特征，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。
注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
试比较：The door won’t lock.（指门本身有毛病）
The door won’t be locked.（指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因）
②表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out 等以主动形式表示被动意义。
例：How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何出来的呢？
③be +under/ in 等介词+名词
表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义。(名词前一般不用冠词）
例：The city is under attack (= is being attacked) at the moment.
【即学即练】
1.English is widely used. Many business letters around the world (write)in it.
2.They (ask)to help to the farmers with the harvest last autumn.
3.Mary some songs in her room last night.
A. was heard to sing
B. is heard to sing
C. was heard singing
D. is heard singing
4.Great changes (take) place in my hometown and a lot of factories (set) up.
https://www.360docs.net/doc/7915341008.html,e and sit down by the fire. Your hand ＿＿＿＿ (feel)cold.
6.The article ( read) well.
7.The problem is under (discuss)at the meeting
非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义
在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。
1.need, want, require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当
于动词不定式的被动形式。
2.worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；
worthy 后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。
例：The picture-book is well worth reading. （＝The picture-book is very worthy
to be read. ）
3.动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词
或代词构成主谓关系，不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
例：I have a lot of things to do this afternoon.
(to do 与t hings 是动宾关系，与I 是主谓关系。)
例：I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted?
( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you 不是 post 动作的执行者。)
4.形容词＋不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式
的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice, easy, fit,
hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant,interesting等。
例：This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out 省略了for me）.
5.在too… to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。
例：This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.
6.在there be…句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重
点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。
例：There is no time to lose（to be lost）.
（用to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost,谁lost time 不明确。）
【即学即练】
1．I have much work
. 我有许多要做的事情。
2．Tom is looking for a room to . Tom在找一间住的房间。3．The question is difficult .这个问题很难回答。
4．He said that his teeth required ( repair).
定义被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者时
结构一般现在时：am/is/are + done
一般过去时：was/were +done
一般将来时：will be + done
现在进行时：am/is/are +being done 过去进行时：was/were + being done 现在完成时：have/has been + done 过去完成时：had + been done
答案：1.has been used 2.got ; have been saved 3.have been shown 4.is being broadcast 5.have been built 6.will be discussed 7.had been finished 8.taken 9. be seen 10.are being carried
are writing were asked to be repaired \ repairing have taken; have been set feels reads discussion
To do live in to answer
高考英语3500词十年真题版(2007—2016)：高考单词J
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高考英语语法填空真题及答案
高考英语语法填空真题及 答案 The document was prepared on January 2, 2021
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