高中英语定语从句详解
高中英语语法定语从句总结全

高中英语定语从句详解Ⅰ、概念:(1) 定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语得从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。
(2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰得成份。
先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句。
(3)引导定语从句得词叫关系词,分为关系代词与关系副词。
关系词得作用:1) 引导定语从句,连接主句与从句,相当于一个连词;2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语)常用得关系代词: that、which、who、whom、whose,当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时,关系代词可以省略。
常用得关系副词(在从句中只作状语): when(时间状语)、why(原因状语)、whe re(地点状语)可以修饰人得关系代词:that, who,whom,whose可以修饰事得关系代词:that, which, as,whose,The student who answered the question was John、Iknow thereasonwhy he wasso angry、The boy (whom) you are talkingto is mybrother、I'd like a roomwhose window facesthe sea、定语从句三步:第一找出先行词;第二瞧先行词在定语从句中得语法功能(做主语、宾语、表语或状语);第三选择合适得关系词。
Ⅱ、几个关系代词得基本用法:●that:可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。
(指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句;不可置于介词后作宾语) 如:1、A letterthat/which is written in pencil is difficult to read、(主语)2、Do you know the gentleman that/whospoke just now?3、You can takeanything ( that)you like、(宾语)4、Whatis thequestion(that/which) they aretalking about?5、Hereis theman (who/whom/that) you want tosee、6、She's no longerthe girl( that) sheused to be before、(表语)7、Ourhometown isno longer theone (that)it usedto be、(=Our hometown isnot the same as it used tobe、= Our hometown is differentfrom what itusedtobe。
高中英语所有定语从句考点总结

高中英语所有定语从句考点总结定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任,也可以由一个句子来充当,充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。
1.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词①指人的先行词②指物的先行词★ 先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。
He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us. (which替代前面所叙述的事情) 先行词2.关系词:引导定语的词(1)关系词的作用①替代前面的先行词(替代作用)②连接主句和定语从句(连接作用)③在定语从句中作句子成分(成分作用)(2)关系词的分类①标准:根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类②关系代词:在从句中做 主,宾,表,定(that/which/who/whom/whose/as)③关系副词:在从句中作状语(When/where/why)3.定语从句:用来做定语,修饰限定先行词的句子1.限制性定语从句:对先行词起限定修饰作用。
He is a teacher who works at our school.2.非限制性定语从句:对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开)Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history.比较:He has two sons, who work in the same company.(He has only two sons.)He has two sons who work in the same company.(Perhaps he has two more sons)1.关系代词的省略(限定性定语从句)(1)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语She is the girl (whom / that) I loved before. (可以省略whom/that)(2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语He is no longer the boy (that) he used to be. (可以省略that)(3)关系代词作介词宾语,介词在从句句尾时可以省略Housing price is a problem (that/which) people are interested in.比较:Housing price is a problem in which people are interested.(此时只能用which且不能省略) 2.先行词是人(that/who的区别)(1)用that的情况①以疑问词who开头的句子中Who is the man that is shouting there?②关系代词在从句中作表语时She is not the girl that she used to be.③先行词被the very, the right, the only修饰This is the very person that we are looking for.(2)用who的情况①先行词是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.②句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一个用whoWho is the boy that won the gold medal?③在there be 结构中There are many young men who are against him.④在非限定性定语从句当中Tom, who is my best friend, has gone abroad to study.3.先行词是物(that / which的区别)(1)用which的情况①在非限定性定语从句中She lost the game, which depressed her greatly.②关系词置于介词之后,作宾语The pen with which you write is Jack’s.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which is newly open to us.(2)用that的情况①先行词是不定代词如all, little, few, much,anything, everything, nothing, none, no one等She did all that she could to help us.②先行词被all, every, no, some, little, much, the only, he very, the right,the last等所修饰时This is the very book that I want.③先行词中既有人又有物时She described in her compositions the people and he places that impressed her most.④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时This is the best book that I have ever read.This is the first film that I’ve seen since I came here.⑤定语从句中套定语从句,其中一个关系词以用which, 另外一个用thatHe built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.⑥当主句的主语是疑问词which,另一个用thatWho is the person that is standing at the gate?4.As引导定语从句用法(1)As 既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语,宾语,表语等。
完整版)高中英语定语从句讲解及练习

完整版)高中英语定语从句讲解及练习定语从句是高中英语的重点知识,也是高考常考点。
本文将主要讲解关系代词引导的定语从句,并解释关系副词引导的定语从句,包括判断关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容,并提供例题讲解。
定语从句在句中作定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。
通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有:who。
whom。
whose。
that。
which等。
它们代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
例如,当先行词是人时,可以使用who或whom作为关系代词。
如:Is he the man who/that wants to see you?(他就是你想见的人吗?)关系代词在从句中作主语。
而当先行词是物时,可以使用which或that作为关系代词。
如:The package(which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.(你拿的包快散了。
)关系代词在从句中作宾语。
除了who。
whom。
whose。
that。
which,还有关系副词when。
where。
why等。
关系副词引导的定语从句也可以修饰一个名词或代词。
例如:I still remember the day when we met.(我仍然记得我们相遇的那一天。
)关系副词when在从句中作时间状语,修饰先行词day。
总之,掌握定语从句的用法和关系词的选择是英语研究的重要内容。
通过不断的练和实践,相信大家可以掌握这一技能。
关系副词可以代替时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
例如,关系副词when。
where。
why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构,因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用。
比如,有时候我们必须屈服,这是任何人都会遇到的情况(There are ns when [on which] one must yield)。
高中英语语法定语从句总结

定语从句总结先行词为人时:关系代词从句中缺主语时,who;that;不能省略从句缺宾语,who; that ;whom,可省略;(介词后只能跟whom)从句缺定语指代’s ,whose先行词为物时:关系代词从句缺主语时,which;that;不能省略从句缺宾语时,which;that;可省略;(介词后只能跟which)从句缺定语指代’s,whose先行词为时间:从句缺时间状语时,关系副词when(也可prep+which)从句缺主语宾语时,which;that先行词为地点:从句缺地点状语时,关系副词where(也可prep+which)从句缺主语宾语时,which;that先行词为reason:从句缺缘由状语时,why / for which从句缺主语宾语时,which;that非限制性定语从句(带,的定语从句)1.As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.2.It rained hard yesterday, which prevented me from going to the park.(which 指代前面这个事)3. He keeps a diary, which everybody knows.(which 指代know的宾语)(1)as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,which不行。
(2)as常带有“正如”的意思As we know , smoking is harmful to one's health. As is know n, smoking is harmful to one's health. It is known that smoking is harmful. (主语从句) (3)the same… as;such…as 中的as 是固定结构,I have got into the same trouble as he (has).特殊说明:1常考名词的定语从句:case,point,stage,situation;定语从句中主语宾语齐全用where;定语从句中缺主语宾语用which或that2 way做先行词,定语从句中的关系词用that; in which;不填3 用逗号隔开,起补充说明作用的非限制限制性定语从句,无论先行词是什么,都不用that4 众所周知:As is known(to all),…It is known (to all)that5 正如As was reported, (It was reported that)As was announced,As was expected,As we planned,As can be seen,只能用that, 不能用which引导定语从句的状况a)不定代词,如:anything,nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时Finally, the thief handed everythingthat he had stolen to the police.b) the only, the very, the just修饰先行词时He is the very man that helped thegirl out of the water.c)先行词为序数词(the first, the last)数词、形容词最高级时The first English book that heHad read was "Gone with the wind"d)先行词既有人,又有物时He talked about the teachers andschools that he visited.e)关系代词在从句中做表语He is not the man that he used to be.。
英语语法高中定语从句知识点归纳总结

英语语法高中定语从句知识点归纳总结定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要概念,它在句子中起到修饰名词或代词的作用。
在高中英语学习中,掌握定语从句的使用方法和规则对于提高语言表达能力和理解能力非常关键。
本文将对高中英语定语从句的知识点进行归纳总结。
一、定语从句的定义和作用定语从句是一个句子,它修饰一个名词或代词,用来给出更多的信息,进一步描述或限定该名词或代词的特定内容。
定语从句可以用来修饰人、事、物、地点等。
它在句子中的作用是为主句提供更多的信息,使句子更具体、更有表达力。
二、定语从句的引导词1.关系代词:定语从句中常用的关系代词有:- 人:who,whom,whose- 物:which,that,whose- 人或物:as,where,when2.关系副词:定语从句中常用的关系副词有:- 地点:where- 时间:when- 原因:why三、定语从句的基本结构定语从句的基本结构为:关系代词/副词 + 主句。
其中,关系代词或副词在定语从句中担任主语、宾语、表语或定语的作用。
四、定语从句的几个常见类型1.限制性定语从句:限制性定语从句用来对先行词进行进一步的限定,它的信息是先行词不可或缺的一部分。
限制性定语从句与主句之间没有逗号隔开,通常使用关系代词that,也可使用which或who。
例子:The book that you borrowed from me is very interesting.你从我这里借的那本书非常有趣。
2.非限制性定语从句:非限制性定语从句用来对先行词进行附加说明,它的信息只是对先行词的附加补充,可以省略而不影响句子的整体意思。
非限制性定语从句与主句之间用逗号隔开,通常使用关系代词which,也可使用who。
例子:The weather, which was sunny and warm, made our picnic very enjoyable.天气晴朗温暖,使得我们的野餐非常愉快。
高中英语定语从句全面详细讲解

定语从句一定义及相关术语1.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的词之后.2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词.关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who,whom,whose, as等;关系副词有when,where,why等The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.注意:弄清楚关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分,是掌握定语从句、选择好关系词的关键.二关系代词引导的定语从句1。
who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。
Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way。
昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
That is the teacher who teaches us physics。
那就是教我们物理的老师。
2。
whom 指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略,在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替。
Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see。
李明正是我想要见的男孩。
The professor (whom)you are waiting for has come。
你正在等的教授已经来了。
The girl (whom) the teacher often praises is our monitor。
老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。
3.which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。
Football is a game which is liked by most boys。
足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。
高中英语定语从句详解绝对经典课件

A. which
B. who
C. when
由Which 引导的定语从句,在句中做主语\ 宾语
14. All _____ is needed is a supply of oil.
A. which
Байду номын сангаас
B. that
C. what
15. Finally, the thief handed everything ____
( 宾语 )
1. who, whom, whose, that 用法区别. ① who 作定语从句的主语或宾语.
The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.
The man is a worker. 分解
The man is speaking at the meeting. 作主语
which 作定语从句的主语或宾语.
可省略
This is a truck which / that is made in
China.
作主语
I like the book (which / that) you bought
yesterday.
作宾语
3. 只能用that的情况
Tom is the cleverest boy that I have ever known.
found.
A. which
B. who C. what
that
12、The room in ___ there are many books is
mine. 介词提前时只能用 which
A. that
B. who C. which
13、This is the pen ____ he bought yesterday.
高中英语语法复习——定语从句(共45张ppt)

2、先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或 者代词叫做先行词。定语从句通常 置于它所修饰的成分之后。
eg: The boy who is playing basketball is my younger brother.
3、关系词:引导定语从句的关联词就叫关系 词。
A. 把从句和主句中被修饰的先行词连接在 一起.
2. I think the day will finally come______ air pollution can be put under control. A. that B. which C. when D. as
3. This is the store______ we visited the famous shop assistant. A. where B. there C. that D. which
结构分析: 系词所指代的先行词在句中作 know的宾语。
4. I don’t like the way _____ you speak to her. A. / B. that C. in which D. all A, B and C
特别注意!(5)
在实践中会遇到很多形似定语从句的句子,要 注意定语从句与其它从句的结构上的细微差别, 能够正确区分使用它们.
couldn’t be found.
A. that
B.where C. in which D. in that
The places couldn’t be found.可知关 系词所指代的先行词在句中作主语。
结构分析:
3. This is the reason ______ he has always been eager to know for these years. A. which B. why C. for which D. because He has always been eager to know the reason for these years.可知关
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高中英语定语从句详解定语从句用来充当句中定语的主谓结构;它主要用于修饰句子中的名词、代词。
而定语从句的位置常常是紧跟在被修饰的名词、代词的后面。
在被修饰的名词、代词与定语从句之间往往有一个关系词将其前后两部分联系成一个整体,或是构成一个名词短语;或是构成一个代词短语。
但从结构上说,关系词与从句是一个整体。
排除句子的其他各部分,这种带有定语从句的名词短语或是代词短语的构成可演示如下:1)three signs that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack三种意味着一个人是患有惊恐症而不是心脏病的迹象在这个带有定语从句的名词短语中:signs是:被修饰的名词;that是:关系词;that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack 是定语从句2)those who drink a lot 那些大量饮酒的人在这个带有定语从句的代词短语中:those是:被修饰的名词;who是:关系词;who drink a lot是:定语从句通过上面的演示,我们可以归纳出定语从句在句子中的位置、结构如下:要点提示:1)"先行词"与"关系词"的内在联系"先行词"与"关系词"之间实质上是互等、互换的关系。
也就是说,关系词的作用就是将先行词所表达意义"代到"从句中来起作用。
例如:They often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situations (先行词)where (关系词)people normally would not be afraid .他们常在人们一般不会感到害怕的情况下却很容易感到恐惧或是感到不自在。
(本句中的关系词where = 先行词(in)situations 。
如果把这个复合句拆成两个分句,那就是:They often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situationspeople normally would not be afraid in situations 由此可以看出,"先行词"与"关系词"之间实质上是互等、互换的关系)。
又例如:Rude people are those (先行词)whose (关系词)behavior shows little respect for the rules(先行词)that(关系词) the majority follows .不讲礼貌的人是指那些,他们的行为对大多数人所遵从的规则并不表示尊敬的人。
由此我们还可以看出,"先行词"往往是分别重复出现在两个分句中的名词或代词。
这也就是我们做定语从句的条件之必需。
否则,"关系词"就无法去替代"先行词"而构筑定语从句了。
这个道理就如同我们在计算机上"做剪贴以前要先做复制"一样。
)2)"先行词"的意义决定"关系词"的选择"关系词"的选择往往是由"先行词"自身表达的意义,以及它在从句中的语法功能而决定的。
这个意思就是说,假如"先行词"自身表达的意义是表示"人的意义"或是"物的意义",那么我们就相应地选择表示"人的意义"或是"物的意义"的"先行词"。
"先行词" 在从句中的语法功能也是决定"关系词"选择的重要条件。
比如说,同样都是表示"人的意义"的"先行词",如果它在从句中作主语,"关系词"就得用表示"人的意义"的主格形式,如果它在从句中作定语,"关系词"就得用表示"人的意义"的所有格形式。
另外,有时"先行词"本身是表示事物的名词,而它在从句中却与介词构成了短语,在从句中充当状语,在这种情况下,我们就应该用"关系副词"而不能用"关系代词"了。
例如:Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields .有些在语言学习上很有成就的人,在其他领域常常一无所成。
In our class , we have some students whose families are not in Wuhan.我们班上有些家不在武汉市的同学。
There are many sounds which have a meaning and yet are not words .有许多声音有意义但不是词。
Tell him to go to the classroom where we often have our English class .如果把这个复合句拆成两个分句,那就是:tell him to go to the classroom .We often have our English class in the classroom ) 告诉他去我们常上英语课的那间教室。
(一) 关系词从前面的讨论中我们可以清楚地看出,关系词在定语从句的构成里是至关重要的。
我们甚至可以说,掌握不好关系词就无法做成定语从句,也无法理解文中带有定语从句部分的意思。
因此,我们首先讨论一下关系词的有关问题。
定语从句中的关系词只有两类:关系代词和关系副词;没有连词。
也就是说,定语从句中的所有关系词不但都有具体的意义而且都在从句中担任一定的成分。
1)关系代词:who , whom , whose , which , that 等。
who用于代替"表示人的意义"的先行词,并且在从句中作主语;在现代英语里,也可取代whom在从句中作动词的宾语。
例如:I have no idea about the man who wrote the article .我不认识写这篇文章的那个人。
The little boy who is singing there can recite quiet a number of Chinese poems . whom 用于代替"表示人的意义"的先行词,并且在从句中作动词或介词的宾语。
在现代英语里,如果whom在从句中作动词的宾语,它与who可以通用;但是如果whom在从句中作介词的宾语,那么就只能用whom而不能与who通用了。
当然,如果在口语或非正式文体中,介词没有提前,也就没有这点要求了。
例如:Who is the girl whom ( who ) you talke要点提示:1)"先行词"与"关系词"的内在联系"先行词"与"关系词"之间实质上是互等、互换的关系。
也就是说,关系词的作用就是将先行词所表达意义"代到"从句中来起作用。
例如:They often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situations (先行词)where (关系词)people normally would not be afraid .他们常在人们一般不会感到害怕的情况下却很容易感到恐惧或是感到不自在。
(本句中的关系词where = 先行词(in)situations 。
如果把这个复合句拆成两个分句,那就是:They often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situationspeople normally would not be afraid in situations 由此可以看出,"先行词"与"关系词"之间实质上是互等、互换的关系)。
又例如:Rude people are those (先行词)whose (关系词)behavior shows little respect for the rules(先行词)that(关系词) the majority follows .不讲礼貌的人是指那些,他们的行为对大多数人所遵从的规则并不表示尊敬的人。
由此我们还可以看出,"先行词"往往是分别重复出现在两个分句中的名词或代词。
这也就是我们做定语从句的条件之必需。
否则,"关系词"就无法去替代"先行词"而构筑定语从句了。
这个道理就如同我们在计算机上"做剪贴以前要先做复制"一样。
)2)"先行词"的意义决定"关系词"的选择"关系词"的选择往往是由"先行词"自身表达的意义,以及它在从句中的语法功能而决定的。
这个意思就是说,假如"先行词"自身表达的意义是表示"人的意义"或是"物的意义",那么我们就相应地选择表示"人的意义"或是"物的意义"的"先行词"。
"先行词" 在从句中的语法功能也是决定"关系词"选择的重要条件。
比如说,同样都是表示"人的意义"的"先行词",如果它在从句中作主语,"关系词"就得用表示"人的意义"的主格形式,如果它在从句中作定语,"关系词"就得用表示"人的意义"的所有格形式。
另外,有时"先行词"本身是表示事物的名词,而它在从句中却与介词构成了短语,在从句中充当状语,在这种情况下,我们就应该用"关系副词"而不能用"关系代词"了。
例如:Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields .有些在语言学习上很有成就的人,在其他领域常常一无所成。