John Bunyan 约翰班扬生平 及天路历程
The Bedford Jail was like all English jails of the day, a stink hole, filthy, no sanitation, little water or food, little warmth in the winter.
In 1666, John was briefly released for a few weeks, before being re-arrested - again, for preaching - and sent back to Bedford's County gaol, where he remained for a further six years. During that time, he wove taglaces to support his family and preached to his fellow prisoners - a congregation of about sixty. In his possession were two books, John Foxe's Book of Martyrs, the Bible, a violin he had made out of tin, a flute he'd made from a chair leg and a supply of pen and paper. Both music and writing were integral to John's Puritan faith. John Bunyan was released in January 1672, when Charles II issued the Declaration of Religious Indulgence.
The latter part was about Christian’s family, his wife and children. They also confronted numerous similar challenges, but our heroine succeeded with other’s helps and arrived in the same place as Christian. Bunyan was a Christian, and he wrote to announce his piety. Although the world, not only in the novel but also in the real society, was much wicked and immoral, the religious Christian chose to keep piety and pursue beauty and kindness. They trusted the God and they believed the world would become ideal one day with their sincere prayers and don
Christian allegory Two parts
The Pilgrim’s Progress from This World to That Which Is to Come. Touches of tenderness and quaint humor, bursts of heart-moving eloquence, and pure idiomatic English.
In 1874, a bronze statue of John Bunyan, sculpted by Sir Joseph Edgar Boehm, was erected in Bedford. This stands at the south-western corner of St Peter's Green, facing down Bedford's High Street. The site was chosen by Boehm for its significance as a crossroads.
In March 1675, following Charles II's withdrawal of the Declaration of Religious Indulgence, John was again imprisoned for preaching. At some time during these imprisonments he wrote this book ,T he P ilgrim 's P rogre ss . It was published in 1678 and Bunyan was shocked at how successful it was. By the time of his death, eight editions had appeared as well as a French and Dutch edition.
Bunyan’s Death
John went to London to settle a dispute between a son and a father, as well as to preach. After reconciling the two men, he was unable to preach because of the torrential rain. He became soaked in the rain, fell sick with a fever and died at age 60.
John Bunyan
(1628~1688)
John Bunyan’s life
Jo h n B u n y a n w a s b o rn in 1628 to T h o m a s a n d M a rg a re t B u n y a n , in B u n y a n 's E n d in th e p a ris h o f E ls to w , B e d fo rd s h ire , E n g la n d . H is m o th e r d ie d w h e n h e w a s 15,a n d 13-ye a r-o ld sis te r d ie d a fe w w e e k s la te r. A fe w m o n th s la te r w h e n Jo h n w a s 16 h e w a s d ra fte d in to C ro m w e ll’s a rm y (w a r b e tw e e n p a rlia m e n t a n d th e K in g C h a rle s I)H e w a s ta u g h t th e tra d e o f a tin k e r b y h is fa th e r (a m e n d e r o f p o ts , u te n s ils ,) th is w a s n o t a h ig h ly re g a rd e d tra d e .
《天路历程》
The Pilgrim's Progress from This World to That Which Is to Come is a Christian allegory written by John Bunyan and published in February, 1678. It is regarded as one of the most significant works of religious English literature, has been translated into more than 200 languages, and has never been out of print.
Contents
This novel told a story combined by two parts, both of which were related to the arduous journeys of Christians. The protagonist in former part was named Christian, who originally lived in the City of Destruction, determined to take off the burden on his back and avoid being destroyed in his hometown, so he set out to seek for the Celestial City. He met with different people and various things on the way, which might guide him, mislead him, hurt him, help him or frighten him. Fortunately, he overcame all the difficulties and temptations, and eventually reached the Celestial City.
He was married at about 20 to his first wife (about which we know little, not even her name). She brought little to the marriage except for two books, one of which was an allegory . In 1658 his wife died, leaving John with 4 children, one of whom was blind. Aged 30, he was arrested for preaching at Eaton Socon and indicted for preaching without a license, but this offence did not result in imprisonment and he continued preaching. In 1659, Bunyan married again, to Elizabeth (surname unknown), by whom he had two more children Sarah (born 1667)and Joseph (born 1672).
约翰班扬《天路历程》的创作特征与风格-精选资料
约翰班扬《天路历程》的创作特征与风格约翰·班扬（1628—1688），英国17世纪文坛著名小说家、散文家，是当时与文艺复兴人文主义文学集大成者的莎士比亚齐名的作家。
但与莎士比亚出生富裕家庭、从小接受良好教育不同，班扬系寒门出生，青少年时期被征召入伍，在战场上数次历经生死。
退伍后，他因不信奉国教而被判入狱12年。
在狱中，班扬用心血铸写了被誉为“英国文学史中最著名的宗教寓言”的《天路历程》。
这部英国文坛具有里程碑意义的巨著出版以后，在世界各地出现了超过200种译本，其译本数量仅次于《圣经》，也是仅次于《圣经》的西方最畅销书籍。
[1]值得一提的是，《天路历程》于1853年被翻译成中文出版，是中国历史上出现的第一部西方长篇小说译著。
然而多年来，与其他西方名著相比，国内对《天路历程》的研究仍然比较少见。
本文拟探析《天路历程》的创作特征与风格，以期为该作品的文学解读添砖加瓦。
一、《天路历程》的多重文学属性创作特征现行《天路历程》的版本由两部分组成。
1678年出版的第一部分以一个叙述者的视角讲述在梦境中出现的故事场景。
梦境中，一个名为基督徒的人从书本上得知天火即将焚毁他所在的城市，因而惊恐万分，不知所措。
此时一个名为传道者的人提醒基督徒应立即离开此地，逃往天国。
为了顺利到达天国、求得救赎，基督徒一路战胜艰难凶险、抵制各种诱惑，终于踏入了向他敞开的天堂大门。
1684年出版的第二部分与第一部分在情节上有些类似，所不同的是，这次踏上去往天国之路的是第一部分基督徒的妻子及其孩子们，而且她们在战胜困难、勇往直前的旅途中与人结伴而行、相互扶持，当她们到达天堂的大门时，队伍已经相当庞大了。
从文学的角度来看，《天路历程》的创作具有多重文学属性的特征，包括宗教属性、民间属性和现实主义属性。
第一，宗教文学属性。
班扬信奉新教中的加尔文教义，因此《天路历程》充满了浓厚的宗教色彩。
将文学与神学完美结合的《天路历程》从宗教的角度来看，宣扬上帝权威、《圣经》权威、信仰重于情感等宗教理论的言辞无所不在。
John Bunyan 约翰·班扬
His style
• Bunyan wrote in a simple but lively and
vivid prose style . • His biblical language enabled him to narrate his stories and reveal his ideas in a direct and straightforward way.
plot
• Christian with a heavy on his back reading the •
Bible City of Destruction will be destroyed someday by a big fire Slough of Despond, Vanity Fair, Doubting Castle, the Valley of Humiliation, and the Valley of the Shadow of Death Mr. Worldly Wiseman, Faithful, Hopeful, Giant Despair, the foul fiend Apollyon reaching the Celestial City,
• became Nonconformist preacher in 1655
Piety, Bible, Prayer Book
• imprisoned for unlicensed preaching in
1660 • In 1675 he was imprisoned again.
orks
John Bunyan( 1628-1688)
• a poor tinker ‘s family • received very little formal education • enlisted into the Parliamentary Army
班扬《天路历程》主要内容概要及赏析
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John Bunyan (约翰·班扬)
• Bunyan was received into the Baptist Church in 1653.
• He started preaching in Bedford and nearby villages and gained an immense, popular following wherever he preached, earning the nickname “Bishop Bunyan”
• His severe and self-critical moral code provides the backdrop to Christian’s earnest and impassioned search for salvation in The Pilgrim’s Progress.
The Title: The Pilgrim’s Progress
• The Pilgrim’s Progress is about travel or, journey and the meaning that one man’s travel comes to acquire.
• Therefore the geographical wandering across the lands is also a spiritual development, which is the “progress” referred to in the title.
• Why Bunyan was insistent in preaching despite the threat of imprisonment.
约翰班扬
• He became much interested in religions, but it was only after a tremendous spiritual conflict, lasting three or four years, that he found peace. • His life covered the period of the greatest crisis in the Puritan struggle for the survival of their various versions of extreme Protestant faith, and he himself was of Baptist （浸礼会教友）sympathies （支持）. • He took part in the Civil War， After the Restoration of Charles II, the Puritans underwent （经历） severe persecution（迫害） & he himself was imprisoned twice for his preaching, once for 12 years.
Thanks for your attention!
Pilgrim’s Progress
• Bunyan did not attempt to portray the political confusion & social upheaval of 17th-century England. His concern was rather the study of man's spiritual life. • Theme: The Pilgrim's Progress is the most successful religious allegory（寓言） in the English language. Its purpose is to urge people to comply with Christian doctrines & seek salvation through constant struggles with their own weakness & all kinds of social evils. It is not only about something spiritual but also beats much relevance to the time. Its predominant metaphor-life as a journey-is simple & familiar.
约翰·班扬的生平简介
1628年生于英国，他的家乡靠近裴德福郡。
他的父亲是一个补锅匠（这种职业早已被淘汰），专营焊接和修补锅碗瓢盆以及其他金属制品。
在17世纪中叶，补锅匠奔走于各个乡村之间，挨家挨户地兜揽生意。
如果有人要修理东西，他们就在顾主家中作活，完工以后顾主当场付钱。
按当时的社会标准，这是一份相当卑贱的职业。
通常作补锅匠的父亲会带上年幼的孩子们作帮手。
约翰?班扬的父亲却是个例外。
他一定是意识到了教育的重要性，因而没有将他带上作帮手，而是把他留在村子里。
约翰便在那儿上学，一直到小学毕业。
我们不太清楚约翰的宗教背景。
他在自传中写到，大约在9岁或10岁那年，他做过好几个有警示意味的梦，有关于他自己生命的终结的，有关于未来审判的，还有关于地狱的骇人的景象和有关永恒的启示。
对此，他尤为困扰。
成年以后，他依然记忆犹新。
不过在青少年时期，他把这一切置之脑后。
他形容自己是当时村里最坏最野的孩子，简直就是坏事做尽。
在当地他还以咒诅和发假誓闻名。
16岁那年，他离开家乡，参加了克伦威尔的军队。
当时在克伦威尔领导下的清教徒与支持英国国教的国王查理一世的军队之间爆发了一场内战。
国王的军队称为保皇派，他们为国王的至高统治权而战；克伦威尔旗下，则是为议会而战的志士。
因此班扬投入的这场战争，具有宗教和政治双重性质。
这一经历很可能使约翰?班扬获得了对战争的深刻的理解，这反映在他日后所著的《天路历程》的好几个有关战争的场景中。
在他的另一本书——《圣战普通人的天国之路》，另一本是《敬虔的生活》，这两本书是她父亲给她的。
班扬的妻子经常向班扬谈起她的父亲，她的父亲是一个真正敬虔的人。
当时班扬读了这些书，虽然他很喜欢，但仍然没有因此萌发任何个人的悔罪感。
不久，班扬开始与他的妻子一道去做礼拜。
一个星期天的早晨，他对所听到的布道印象很深。
但礼拜完了以后，他马上跑去裴德福郡的乡村教堂和公园球场玩一种叫“猫”的游戏，这种游戏同今天的板球类似。
在那里他与主以一种奇异的方式首次相遇。
英国作家简介之John-Bunyan【2024版】
(1628-1688)
Content
• Part 1: Bunyan's life • Part 2: Bunyan’s works
• Part 3: The Pilgrim’s Progress
• Part 4: John Bunyan’s literary contribution and style
Christian’s Journey
Allegorical People
Allegorical Places
Faithful Truth
the Celestial City 天国城
Judge Hate-good
恨善法官
Envy Superstition
Pickthank拍马 Badman恶人 Malice怨恨
3. The religious book also gives a faithful picture of the English society in Bunyan’s age, added here and there with bitter satires upon the ruling classes.
the Delectable Mountains 快乐山
Doubting Castle 怀疑城堡 the Vanity Fair 名利场
the Slough of Despond 绝望泥潭
the City of Destruction 毁灭城
Analysis 2: The Pilgrim’s Progress
• 1. a master of allegory and parable
& a chief puritan writer.
约翰班扬
• 约翰·班扬出生于英格兰东部区域贝德福德郡的贝 约翰· 德福德。青年时期曾被征入革命的议会军， 德福德。青年时期曾被征入革命的议会军，后在故 乡从事传教活动，反对当时英国旧教的专制与腐化 乡从事传教活动， 他主张： 。他主张： • 1、信教自由。 信教自由。 • 2、得救须重生，重生须受浸礼。 得救须重生，重生须受浸礼。 • 3、教义以《新约》为根据。 教义以《新约》为根据。 • 4、教会的组织应民主化，最高权应在教友，不在 教会的组织应民主化，最高权应在教友， 教会。 教会。 • 1660年斯图亚特王朝复辟，当局借口未经许可而传 1660年斯图亚特王朝复辟 年斯图亚特王朝复辟， 把他逮捕入狱两次，分别监禁十二年、 教，把他逮捕入狱两次，分别监禁十二年、六个月 狱中写就《天路历程》 。狱中写就《天路历程》（The Pilgrim‘s Progress）。 Progress）。
Progress） 《天路历程》（The Pilgrims Progress） 天路历程》 采用梦幻的形式讲述宗教寓言， 采用梦幻的形式讲述宗教寓言，但揭开梦 幻的面纱，展现在读者面前的是17 17世纪英 幻的面纱，展现在读者面前的是17世纪英 国社妻子先后寻找天国的经历， 及其妻子先后寻找天国的经历，语言简洁 平易， 平易，被誉为 “英国文学中最著名的寓 言”。
约翰,班扬简介_John_Bunyan
“Live like the children of God, that you may look your Father in the face with the comfort of another day.” day.”
Bunyan’s Death
1688年， 1688年，有一位父亲将其子赶 出家门，因他离家出走。这 个年轻人到了班扬那里，央 求他与其父谈一谈，以便能 与父亲和好。班扬骑马冒雨 赶去，见到了那个父亲。父 子俩在他的劝说下和好。但 班扬由此得了重感冒，并死 于此。
In his last sermon Bunyan said:
Four children- the first :Mary is blind. children-
Bunyan was born near Bedford, in England
贝德福德（ 贝德福德（英格兰一郡及该 郡之首府） 郡之首府）
In 1653 Bunyan renounces（宣布放弃；与…断 （宣布放弃；与… 绝关系 ） the church of England and joins the church of John Gifford where he was rere-baptized（洗礼）, and began to learn to preach. In 1660 ,Bunyan was arrested for preaching and jailed for 12 years.
在狱中他写道：“我被迫离妻 别子，在这个地方忍受骨肉分离之 苦。。我那可怜的失明的女儿玛丽， 她尤其令我牵挂。唉，一想到我的 玛丽所要忍受的，我就心如刀绞。 可怜的孩子，你在这个世上会遇到 怎样的苦难啊！你会被鞭打，不得 不乞讨，忍饥挨饿，衣不蔽体，还 有千千万万无法想像得到的灾难…”
John Bunyan 简介
Allegory
• a story which teaches a lesson because
the people and places in it stand for abstract concepts(概念) • its central device is the personification of abstract entities such as vice,state of mind ,mode of life or types of characters • it may be employed in any literary form
• While he was in jail(监狱), he was starting
his most famous work The Pilgrim’s Progress. In 1672 he was released and licensed as a teacher
• In 1678,The Pilgrim’s Progress was
请点这里
By 陈晓阳' s Group
published
fever
• In the summer of 1688,he died of violent • Status : The greatest prose(散文) writer in
the 17th century
位于英国贝德福德郡的惠普 斯奈德公园的一处地形，从 高空观测颇似一个狮子。
Bedford, in 1628 the son of a poor tinker (焊锅匠) became a soldier in the Parliamentary army(议会军)
• •