《牛津高中英语》模块5Reading,Project课文
牛津高中英语模块2-Reading-project课文
7. M2U1. Reading—Boy missing, police puzzledPolice in America have stepped up their search for a fifteen-year-old boy who went missing three days ago in Dover, New Hampshire. This incident has received great interest due to reports of strange lights in the sky and of alien visits around the time the boy disappeared.Justin Foster, a high school student, was last seen Friday night. That evening at 8 . Justin went to play baseball with two friends, who both say Justin went home after the game. Witnesses also say they saw Justin walking towards his house at . Justin 's sister, Kelly, aged nine, says she heard her brother return home at about 11 .‘I was getting ready for bed, ' Kelly said. 'Justin went straight to his room. I didn't see him, but I heard him put on his favorite CD. I went to bed, and was woken up around midnight by a bright light outside my window.'At first, the young girl thought it was the light of the full moon, but then she realized that it was moving and coming closer.'I pulled back the curtains and saw a large spaceship flying outside. It had blue lights all around it, and there were many windows. Standing inside were lots of strange creatures withwhite skin and large black eyes. I was frightened!' Kelly said that the spaceship then moved around to the side of the house, towards her brother's bedroom.' There was a flash of light and I heard Justin shout, and then the UFO just disappeared. I haven't seen Justin since. I'm sure the aliens took him.'Kelly then ran and woke up her mother. However, since Mrs Foster thought that Justin was spending the night with a friend, she assumed that Kelly was having a bad dream, and sent her back to bed. Mrs Foster was working that night on his road construction job, and was not home when these events occurred. When Justin did not show up for lunch the next day, Mrs Foster became worried and told her husband to call the police.Some people in Dover also say that they saw aliens that night. 'It's happened to me!' said Mrs Mavis Wood. 'The aliens took me aboard the UFO so that they could do research on me. Luckily, they returned me home without any injuries. The whole experience was terrible! I haven't been sleeping well since I returned home. I think Justin was taken away by them, too.' When asked about the possibility that Justin was taken by aliens, Detective Sam Peterson, who has taken charge of the case, told journalists, ' Sometimes people make up such amazingstories. There's really no hard evidence that aliens took him. So, while we have not dismissed the idea, we are looking into other possibilities as well. We will not give up until we find out what happened.'8. M2U1. Project—Yeti, Bigfoot and the Wild Man of ShennongjiaFor centuries, people have reported seeing a wild creature in the Himalayas called Yeti. The Yeti is said to be a large, hairy animal that walks an two feet like a human being. People believe that Yetis sometimes come down from the mountains to attack villagers.In 1998, an American mountain climber said that he saw a Yeti on the Chinese side of the Himalayas. 'It walked like a human, but it had thick black fur and was about six feet tall with huge shoulders, very long arms and large hands, 'he said.In 2007, an American TV team saw Yeti tracks 33 centimetres in length in the snow near Mount Qomolangma. They made copies of these tracks and had them examined by a scientist in the USA. He reported that they looked like the tracks of a similar creature, called Bigfoot, which some people believe lives in the forests of the north-west of the USA.Yeti and Bigfoot are similar to a creature known as the Wild Man of Shennongjia. There have been dozens of reports that people have seen a Wild Man in the Shennongjia Nature Reserve in western Hubei Province, China. In one case, a group of engineers ran after the creature, which moved with amazing speed and strength. Large tracks have also been discovered which some people say belong to the Wild Man. Because of these reports and the tracks, there have been several organized searches for this creature, but no strong evidence for existence has ever been found.Dr Grover Krantz, a scientist from Washington State University, studied reports of such strange creatures for many years. He became convinced they exist .He believed that these creatures are linked to a common ancestor, an animal that lived in Asia some 300,000 years ago. In his opinion, this animal made its way to other parts of the world, and continues to survive even today.Scientists hope that the mystery will be solved one day. If such creatures really exist, we might have the chance to see one with our own eyes.9. M2U2. Reading— An adventure in Africa30 JuneDear AihuaHow are you going？Sorry I haven’t written for so long. I’ve been quite busy arranging my holiday with my older brother, Colin. Colin and I plan to spend a few weeks travelling before he goes to university. We’re going to visit so many exciting places and do lots of extraordinary things. We will go to Africa first. I can’t wait! Have you ever been there?We leave London on 15 July, and we’ll be taking a flight to Morocco, in northern Africa. We’re going to ride camels through the Sahara Desert. It’s the biggest desert in the world—about the size of the US! I expect it will be very hot, dry and dusty there. We’ll be travellin g by camel with local guides, camping in tents and sleeping on the ground. I’ve heard that, in the Sahara, there is no shade during the day, and the stars seem especially brilliant on clear nights. I’ll bring a flashlight with me so that I’ll be able to se e in the dark. Altogether, the trip will take six days. That means I’ll have to sit on a camel for almost a week—how uncomfortable! I hope my camel likes me!After the trip by camel, we’re going to travel down the River Nile. We’ll start at Lake Victoria. A little way downthe river from Lake Victoria, the water gets quite rough. So, we’ll go white-water rafting. It’s quite dangerous, but very exciting! You have to wear a helmet and a life jacket for protection, just in case you fall into the water.Then, w e’re going on a trip to see wild animals in Kenya. We’ll live with the local people in their villages, and eat and drink whatever they do, including cow’s blood! Do you think I should drink it?Since we’ll be walking for almost two weeks, I’ll need to buy a large backpack in advance to carry my supplies of food and water. During the day, we’ll walk across the land, following the tracks of wildlife such as elephants, lions and giraffes. We’ll try to get as close as possible to the animals, even though they’r e dangerous, so that we can take some really good photographs. But don’t worry about me. Our guides will have guns with them for defiance—they can use the guns to scare the animals away if they come too near. I really want to see an elephant up close, and Colin wants to see a giraffe.After that, we’ll be moving on to Tanzania, where we’re going to climb Mount Kilimanjaro. Mountain climbing can be very tiring, and many people feel sick as the atmosphere gets thinner, so Colin and I will make sure that we will get plenty of rest.The African part of our trip will take about four weeks. Afterwards, we’re going to the Himalayas.I’ll send you postcards from all the different places we visit!LoveToby10. M2U2. Project—Shangri-laWould you like the chance to discover a place of mystery and beauty in the south-west of China? If your answer is ‘yes’, consider a trip to Shangri-la !How to get thereStart in the city of Dali and drive north along the Yunnan-Tibet Highway until you reach Zhongdian (Shangri-la), the capital of Diqing. Zhongdian is 659 kilometers away from Kunming, and there are regular flights between the two cities.The world-famous Chinese Shangri-laThe word ‘Shangri-la’ first appeared in a classic novel by James Hilton. Today, Shangri-la has become a common English word meaning heaven on earth. Hilton described a beautiful kingdom where three rivers joined together, steep mountainsreached to the sky, and fields of long grass covered the earth. In this perfect world lived people who had discovered how to stay young forever.Which place could officially take the name of this wonderful land? There were arguments over which tourist spot would win the name of Shangri-la. Many years after the book was published, some people realized that the Shangri-la of the novel was a perfect match for Zhongdian in Yunnan Province, China. In September 1997, the government of Yunnan province announced that Zhongdian was the Shangri-la of Hilton’s story.What you will see in Shangri-laThree mountains, Meili, Baimang and Haba, which are covered with snow, tower over the land. Their snowy mountaintops form a beautiful picture that will leave you at a loss for wordsBelow the mountains, the sunshine reflects on the many lakes, making them shine like diamonds against the rich countryside. Sheep, cattle and horses wander on the green grass, and the surrounding forests are home to many birds and animals. In this peaceful land, people live in perfect harmony with nature, far away from the noise and worry of the outside world.Nature has provided Shangri-la with endless natural treasures, making the land a happy home for the local people.What the weather is likeThe weather changes so quickly that people say you can experience four seasons in one day. The best times to visit Shangri-la are spring and autumn when the temperature is at its mildest.11. M2U3. Reading—The curse of the mummyHoward Carter is one of the most famous explorers the world has ever known. He was brave and loved to visit and explore new places. During his life, he discovered many amazing things.Howard Carter did not go to school, but learnt to draw from his father, who was an artist. He was bright and curious about the world outside his home town. In 1891, at the age of 17, he set sail for Alexandria, Egypt. By the 1920s, he had become an explorer, searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings. He found several important ones. Inside the tombs, he discovered a great fortune in jewels and gold, along with the preserved bodies of dead kings. These preserved bodies are known as mummies.In 1922, Howard Carter made his most amazing discovery of all, in the Valley of the Kings, in Egypt. He had received moneyfrom Lord Carnarvon, a British man who was very interested in Egypt. Carter’s team was working at a p lace near the city of Luxor. There, they came across the tomb of King Tutankhamun. It was the most important tomb that had ever been found. ‘The tomb contained more treasure than any of us had ever seen before, as well as the mummy of the king,’ said Carter. ‘After we looked into the tomb, we closed it and hid its entrance. We wanted to study the tomb later when we had more time. Afterwards, all of its contents would go into a museum.’However, not long after the discovery, people in Carter’s team began to fall ill and die. Upon their entering the tomb, Carter’s lucky pet bird, which he had left in Cairo, was awallowed by a snake. Then, a few months after Carter had opened the tomb, Lord Carnarvon, who was also present when the tomb was opened, fell ill with a fever and died in Egypt. At the moment of Carnarnon’s death, the lights went out in Cairo, the capital of Egypt. Back in England, his dog died at approximately the same time.George Gould, a friend of Carnarvon’s, went to Egypt after hearing of his strange death. He too visited the tomb, only to catch a high fever the next day. Twelve hours later, he was dead. Carter’s secretary, Richard Bethell, died of heart troublefour months after the tomb was opened. Arthur Mace, another member of the team, also died shortly after the discovery.Within seven years, 21 people who had something to do with the opening of the tomb died. Howard Carter, however, lived on until the age of 65. Some people say the deaths were just coincidence. Others believe that they were in connection with a mummy’s curse, as a punishment for those who enter the resting place of the dead.However, still others believe that there is a scientific explanation. Inside the tombs, there are many viruses. When a tomb is opened, fresh air disturbs the viruses. If breathed in, they can result in illness or even death. Today, when scientists examine mummies, they wear special clothing for protection.What is certain, though, is that ‘the curse of the mummy’ remains a riddle to this day.12. M2U3. Project—Explorer (16 October 2003)What is the most fun you can have in 21 hours and 23 minutes? On 15 October 2003, Yang Liwei answered this question. His voyage in space took him 600,000 kilometres in orbit, around the Earth 14 times, in just over 21 hou rs. It made him China’sfirst astronaut in space. He had worked towards this achievement for many years.Born in 1965, Yang had wanted to fly since he was a young boy. His friends and teachers from Suizhong in the north-east of Liaoning Province have all said that he loved science and technology from a young age. He always had a strong desire to learn how to fly. His dream was encouraged by his parents as well as his older sister and younger brother.In 1983, he joined the army, and went to flight school. He graduated in 1987 and became a pilot. In 1998, he applied to be a member of Project 921, which is now called shenzhou. He was one of the only 14 selected from 1,500 candidates. The team spent the next five years being trained. They not only studied all the subjects required to be an astronaut, but also learnt survival skills and all about how spaceships and rockets are built. Yang scored among the very top in everything the group studied.In September 2003, only three out of the 14 candidates were picked for the Chinese space adventure, and Yang was one of them. He took all kinds of tests to prove he was fit for this important task. Although Yang did not get the best scores on every single test, it was his high scores on the psychologicaltests that finally won him the status of China's first astronaut. Yang was described by his superiors as hard-working and always in control of himself. Because of these qualities, they were optimistic he would be successful.In the end, Yang was indeed a success. His name will go down in history with those of Yuri Gagarin and Alan Shepard. The people of China can be proud of Yang Liwei, and young people all over the world can look up to him as an example of a man who managed to live his dream.。
《牛津高中英语》模块5-Reading--Project课文
牛津高中英语模块5-Reading–Project课文课文概述本课文是牛津高中英语模块5中Reading–Project课程中的一篇课文，题目为“The Cost of Fashion”。
该篇课文主要讲述了当今时尚界存在的一些问题和挑战，引发我们对时尚产业中的可持续性发展的思考。
课文采用了文献调查和实例分析的方法，通过引用多个相关研究和案例，以及访谈时尚产业相关从业者的话语，支撑了本文中呈现出来的问题和挑战。
结构清晰，逻辑严谨。
词汇解析• 1.orchestrate：在这里表示协调，指摆布和引导其他人达成某个目标。
• 2.inevitably：不可避免地。
• 3.impact：影响。
• 4.scarcity：缺乏，短缺。
• 5.cotton：棉花。
• 6.polyester：涤纶，一种合成纤维。
•7.recycled：再生的，可循环利用的。
•8.upcycled：升级再利用的。
•ndfill：垃圾填埋场。
主要观点本文主要呈现了以下几个观点：•时尚界对环境、人权和审美方面造成了不可避免的影响和负面影响。
•棉和涤纶这类的物质资源在制作时尚产品的过程中耗费巨大，亟需寻找更环保可持续的方案。
•再生的和升级再利用的材料需要在时尚制造业中得到更广泛的应用。
•消费者的观点和消费习惯在时尚界发展中发挥了重要的角色。
重点句子•However, the reality is that fashion inevitably has a significant impact on the environment, human rights, and economies around the world.（然而，事实是时尚界对环境、人权和世界经济不可避免地造成了很大的影响。
）•Globally, we consume 80 billion pieces of new clothing each year.（全球每年有800亿件新衣服被消费。
牛津上海版高二第一学期Unit5Reading课文解读共36页PPT
56、书不仅是生活，而且是现在、过 去和未 来文化 生活的 源泉。 ——库 法耶夫 57、生命不可能有两次，但许多人连一 次也不 善于度 过。— —吕凯 特 58、问渠哪得清如许，为有源头活水来 。—— 朱熹 59、我的努力求学没有得到别的好处， 只不过 是愈来 愈发觉 自己的 无知。 ——笛 卡儿
拉
60、生活的道路一旦选定，就要勇敢地 走到底 ，决不 回头。 ——左
牛津上海版高二第一学期Uቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱit5Reading课 文解读
11、获得的成功越大，就越令人高兴 。野心 是使人 勤奋的 原因， 节制使 人枯萎 。 12、不问收获，只问耕耘。如同种树 ，先有 根茎， 再有枝 叶，尔 后花实 ，好好 劳动， 不要想 太多， 那样只 会使人 胆孝懒 惰，因 为不实 践，甚 至不接 触社会 ，难道 你是野 人。(名 言网) 13、不怕，不悔(虽然只有四个字，但 常看常 新。 14、我在心里默默地为每一个人祝福 。我爱 自己， 我用清 洁与节 制来珍 惜我的 身体， 我用智 慧和知 识充实 我的头 脑。 15、这世上的一切都借希望而完成。 农夫不 会播下 一粒玉 米，如 果他不 曾希望 它长成 种籽； 单身汉 不会娶 妻，如 果他不 曾希望 有小孩 ；商人 或手艺 人不会 工作， 如果他 不曾希 望因此 而有收 益。-- 马钉路 德。
牛津高中英语模块五 Unit1 Project课堂
she and her friend talked about? They talked about almost everything: film stars, pop songs, recipes, everything.
4. What are friendships between girls based on? They are anchored in shared feelings and support.
5. What are friendships between boys based on? They are based on shared activities or interests.
A lot A few
None
2. How often do you have a long
conversation with your friends?
More than three times a week
Once a week
Seldom
Never
3. What topics do you mostly talk about with your best friends? Hobbies and interests Families and friends School and study Emotions and feelings Future planes and dreams
survey? 2. Who will you choose to survey? 3. How will you design your survey? 4. How many questions will you ask? 5. Who will write the survey questions? 6. Who will work out the results? 7. Who will write the report? 8. Who will present the oral report? 18
(完整word版)《牛津高中英语》模块5Reading,Project课文
31. M5U1. Reading (1)—Secrets and liesDear Annie,I feel betrayed by my friend Hannah. We have been best friends since primary school and spend almost every day with each other. Sometimes, other children say we are no fun because we are both very academic and like to study, but we like it that way. We are both very hard-working and always get good grades at school.On Monday, we had a surprise math quiz. I thought it was quite easy and was not worried about the results. I must have sounded very proud of myself after the quiz, saying how easy it was and how I was sure to get a good grade. The next day after class, my math teacher told me that I had the lowest grade in the class! I felt so ashamed; I must be really stupid to fail a simple math quiz!Afterwards, I pretended to be cheerful, but Hannah sensed something was wrong. We went to wash our hands in the girls’ washroom before lunch and I admitted how badly I had done. I begged her not to tell anyone else, and she said she would keep my secret.However, the next day, I noticed that my classmates were staring at me as I came into math class and, when I went to sit down, I was shocked to find a piece of paper on my desk that said, “Stupid Sarah got a D!” I was so upset that I felt like crying. I thought that Hannah must have told my classmates about my grade after promising not to. Everyone must have been laughing behind my back!I was so angry that I went straight to Hannah and told her we weren’t going to be friends any more because she couldn’t keep her word. She was really upset and swore that she hadn’t told anyone. However, the only people who see our grades are the teacher and the students that the grades belong to. She said that someone must have been spying on us in the washroom, but I didn't believe her explanation. I don’t think I can ever truly forgive her. Now I’ve lost my best friend. What shall I do?Yours sincerelySarah32. M5U1. Reading (2)—A friendship in troubleDear Annie,My name is Andrew. I am 17 years old and I have a problem. My best friend Matthew has stopped talking to me. We have been best friends since childhood and play together in the schoolfootball team. Last week, we had an important match against another school. The other team was superb and we really had to focus. I was determined to win, but Matthew was playing badly. He could not keep pace with the game, and as a result of his careless playing we lost.Afterwards, I got really angry with him, and I told him I thought he was not trying hard enough. He got annoyed, saying it wasn’t his fault if he couldn’t play as well as me, and that I shouldn’t talk to him in this manner. Then we both started shouting at each other and it turned into a horrible argument. He accused me of some really bad things just to hurt me. I feel really guilty because I made some cruel remarks too, but I dislike seeing our team lose. Football is very important to me, but so is our friendship.Since we argued, he hasn’t spoken to me even though we sit next to each other in class. It’s really awkward. He is usually cheerful and outgoing, but he has been really quiet and looks sad. The things he said hurt me too, but he has not apologized to me.Yesterday, I saw him talking to another boy, Peter, and I cannot help wondering if he wants Peter to be his best friend instead of me. I told my brother about the quarrel, but he said Matthew is just too sensitive and perhaps a little bitter because I am really athletic and good at football, and that I had better find another friend. What should I do?Yours trulyAndrew33. M5U1. Project (1)—Teenagers’ friendshipsMy friend, Robert, has a twin sister named Amanda. Though they get along well, there are some things about Amanda and her friends that puzzle Robert. He can't understand how girls can talk for so long. For example, sometimes when he leaves the apartment to play football, Amanda and her friend, Sharon, are sitting on the sofa, talking. When he comes back three and a half hours later, they’re still sitting on the sofa, continuing the same conversation on the s ame topic. One day Robert was so curious that he asked Amanda what they talked about, but she replied, ‘We’re best friends. We talk about almost everything—film stars, pop songs, recipes, everything!’Boys and girls have different attitudes towards friendship. Friendships between girls are usually anchored in shared feelings and support, but friendships between boys are based on shared activities or interests. A boy is likely to be cautious about sharing his feelings with his closefriends. A girl’s closest friend, however, might be eager to tell her about something that has happened in her life.Many studies worldwide show that girls have more friendships than boys. In fact, many adolescent males cannot name a single best friend. When asked, they usually hesitate before responding, ‘My best friend? I can’t think about that. I am busy with my homework, and I have so many different friends that it is hard to choose just one best friend.’Females who have been asked can usually answer the question without pausi ng, ‘A best friend? Of course. We have a lot to share with each other. We do a lot of things together such as talking and shopping.’We have to realize: boys share activities, while girls share feelings. The qualities that boys and girls consider important in a friend seem to be the same, regardless of the basis of these friendships. The important thing to remember is that both of them are friendships. We all need friends in our lives.34. M5U1. Project (2)—What friendship means to meWhen deciding what is most important in life, some people choose money, while others choose things like security and comfort. However, for me, the most important thing in life is friendship. I cannot imagine being without it.Friendship means not being alone. Once I was travelling by myself through Beijing on the way to my grandparents’ house. Since my next train left in the evening, I had a day for sightseeing. At first, I didn’t mind being alone, but then I saw all the tourists having their pictures taken together, and I began feeling sad. I ended up returning to the train station and spending the rest of the day in the waiting room. Life is no fun without a companion to share it with.Friendship means having someone I can rely on. Last year, I left my schoolbag on a trolleybus, and I lost all of my notes for the final exam. You can imagine how I panicked. Luckily for me, my best friend Jenny let me copy her notes, and I used them in my revision. Thanks to her help, I was able to pass the exam.Friendship means being committed to others. The best way to have a friend is to be a friend. Because I am a friend, I have had to learn patience and mercy. Once I had a quarrel with Jenny, and she made some cruel comments about me. Even though I was hurt, I forgave her and she later made an apology. Through this incident, both of us have become better people. However, if I hadended our friendship, we would have both learnt nothing.In conclusion, when we are old and look back on our lives, what will we remember? Will we remember the things we bought or the places we have been to? No, we will remember those whom we loved and those who loved us. We will remember our friends.35. M5U2. Reading— The economy or the environment—must we choose?TV host: James LongSpeakers: Lin Shuiqing, a spokeswoman from the Green SocietyQian Liwei, a business development consultantJames Long: Good morning. Today’s debate question is, “The economy or the environment—must we choose?’ With me are Ms Lin Shuiqing, from the Green Society, and Mr Qian Liwei, a business development consultant. We are following our usual schedule for debates. Ms Lin Shuiqing will speak first for three minutes. Mr Qian Liwei will follow, also for three minutes. Then we will open the floor for discussion. If you have any questions or comments, you can use this time to express them.Lin Shuiqing: Good morning, everyone. First I am talking to you today about the way vast areas of the world are damaged by chemical waste. Many places have been destroyed and many plants and animals have died. This is awful. Factories produce large numbers of harmful chemicals. The waste they create goes into the atmosphere and makes us sick. Other types of waste flow into our water, killing river and sea life.Much sea life is being destroyed by fishing boats as well. These boats catch large numbers of fish without giving them time to lay eggs. This will result in a smaller number of fish left for us to eat in the future.While we damage our environment, we keep producing more and more people who need more land to live on and more food to eat! The world’s population has grown by six times what it was in 1800. The figure is now about 7 billion people!It is our duty to try to cut back on production and reduce the number of things we make and buy. The amount of rubbish we produce is turning into a big problem; we need to think more about recycling our waste. It would be good to increase the amount of waste we recycle, and teach people ways of living that do not harm the environment. We may even create more jobs and help our country become more developed at the same time.Thank you.Qian Liwei: Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you, Ms Lin. That was an interesting speech. It is clear that you are very concerned about the present situation of our environment. As a business development consultant, I’m often seen as being against the environment. When people think of factories, they think of clouds of dirty smoke or of pipes pouring chemical waste into rivers. They think of greedy businessmen hiding from their responsibilities and only worrying about money. People often have this belief that development is bad for the environment, but this does not have to be true.What I’m here to say is that having worked with many environmental consultants, I kn ow that a healthy environment and development should be possible at the same time.There are many factories and industries which control the amount of pollution they produce, and are very careful to spend money repairing any damage they cause. The people operating these factories are deeply concerned about the environment. We need to stop thinking of companies and businessmen as the enemy, and give them more credit!Ms Lin suggested we should cut back on the quantity of things we produce in order to save th e environment. I don’t agree with her because then jobs will be lost. I believe that people are more important than fish and trees.However, I do agree that we should produce more things from materials that have been recycled, and less from raw materials, the supply of which is growing smaller and smaller.What we need are better laws to preserve the environment and still allow our country to grow. This includes controls on how many trees are cut down and how many fish are caught. This might make wood and seafood more expensive, but paying a higher price for some things is not always bad. Asking around, I find many people willing to pay a little higher price for things that are friendly to the environment.Finally, those factories which pollute the environment should have to pay higher taxes. If you harm the environment, you should have to pay for it to be repaired.Thank you for listening.James Long: Now we will open the floor for discussion…36. M5U2. Project (1)— Protecting the Yangtze RiverAs the third longest river in the world, the health of the Yangtze River has raised concern both in China and abroad. Rapid development and an increase in population have meant that the amount of the water taken from the river is rising, and that the waste being put back into the river has been increasing. This is not good news for the people who rely on the Yangtze River for water. Nor is it good news for the wide range of fish and wildlife that live in or along the river.Many people have recognized the importance of protecting the Yangtze River, and organizations and projects have been set up to deal with the problem. The Green River Organization, for example, educates people on the importance of protecting this great river. It also watches the river and stops the illegal hunting of animals, which has put the wild animal population in danger.Two special government projects are also under way. The first project, a water and soil conservation project, was set up in 1989. This project resulted in farmers replacing their crops with trees or grass. It has already been a success because it has helped improve the local environment and the land around the river.The second project includes nature reserves for white-flag dolphins, one of the rarest animals in the world. The number of white-flag dolphins in China has dropped because of pollution in the Yangtze River. The white-flag dolphin was last seen several years ago, though scientists are still hopeful that the animal has survived.We still have a long way to go to solve all the problems in regard to the Yangtze River. However, people have finally realized that it is their responsibility to protect this great river. Because of this, the situation on the Yangtze River is improving. The efforts of the Chinese government and people to protect this much-loved river will be appreciated for years to come.37. M5U2. Project (2)—Climate change and a low-carbon lifeThere is no doubt that the world climate has been changing in recent years. Many people blame this change on gases such as carbon dioxide. Animals and humans produce carbon dioxide when they breathe. However, many other human activities also let off carbon gases. Anytime something is burnt, carbon is put into the atmosphere. Cars and other vehicles burn petrol in their engines, and electrical power plants most often burn fuels such as coal and oil in order to produceelectricity. Therefore, the more petrol and electricity we consume, the more carbon we are letting off.One thing we can all do to help solve this problem is to walk or use a bicycle when possible. Although we produce carbon when we breathe, the carbon we produce is much less than that produced by a car. Of course, there are times when we need to travel long distances. In this case, public transport such as buses and the underground is always a much better choice than a private car or a taxi. If you must drive a car, it is never good to travel alone—you should try to find other people to travel with you.At home, you should use as little energy as possible. Turn off the lights and anything else electrical when not in use. Since factories use a lot of energy and also let off carbon gases, it is important to recycle as much as possible. In particular, metal products and paper products require a lot of energy to produce, so you should find ways to use these again without throwing them away.Last but not least, you can plant a tree, because trees absorb the carbon dioxide in the air to produce oxygen. Planting a small tree is cheap and easy, and two decades from now, when you look at what will have become a large tree, you will find a sense of satisfaction knowing that you did your part to help solve the problem of climate change.38. M5U3. Reading—The perfect copyScientists have announced that they have cloned the first human embryo. This has caused much debate round the world. On the one hand, some scientists point out that if you clone an embryo, you can produce valuable human tissues—such as bone or lung tissue—that could be used to save human lives. On the other hand, many people, including some scientists, disagree and are afraid that, if mankind toys with nature in this way, we may be on our way to producing a real-life Frankenstein’s monster.Cloning is producing an exact copy of a plant or an animal using its cells. The first mammal to be cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep. She was born in 1996 and died in early 2003, at a much younger age than normal. When she was born, many people were worried that cloning would lead to more diseases in the animal world. However, in general the scientists were praised for their wonderful scientific advance.Ian Wilmut, the Scottish scientist who created Dolly, is shocked that some scientists are now considering cloning human beings. Although he researches cloning, his intention has never been to create copies of human. Instead, he thinks research efforts should concentrate on creating new tissues and organs that can be used to cure diseases like cancer. However, some people believe that cloning human embryos with the intention of destroying them shows no respect for human life.Even though human cloning is causing a lot of anxiety, it is good news for Faye Wilson, a 41-year-old saleswoman who cannot have a baby. ‘I am anxious to have a child of my own,’ she says. ‘I don’t want to adopt someone else’s child—If I had the chance, I would have a cloned baby right now.While cloning human embryos is not legal in many countries, some scientists are already pushing ahead with research in order to produce a cloned human baby. Severino Antinori, an Italian physician, has declared that he wants to be the first to clone a human being.In China, scientists have focused their efforts on cloning animals, as well as cloned tissues to be used in medical treatment. China has succeeded in producing clones of cows and goats, and continues to research ways in which cloning can benefit mankind.(Letter 1) Dear EditorI believe that human cloning is wrong. If we toy with nature , we will have to deal with the consequences. Who knows what could happen? Human life would just become a crop to be harvested or a product for sale.The human race is using up the Earth’s natural wealth. We should be having fewer babies in order to reduce the Earth’s population, not cloning more.I feel sorry for the lady who cannot have a baby, but I would like to point out that there are many children in the world with no parents who would be delighted to have a mother.Pauline Carter(Letter 2) Dear EditorI would like to comment on your arti cle, ‘The perfect copy’. I think the scientific advances mentioned in your article are fantastic! I am in complete agreement with human cloning. After all, scientists have been challenging moral ideas for centuries. Why should we stop them now?On a personal note, cloning would totally transform my life. Seven years ago, my 10-year-old daughter died of heart failure. She was beautiful, cheerful and bright. I miss her every single day. If I had the chance, I would clone her immediately so I that I could be with her again.Colin Jake39. M5U3. Project (1)— Man and NatureFor a long time, our environment has been damaged because humans have been careless. People have harmed nature through agriculture, fishing, hunting and tourism. We further damage the Earth by building new channels in the sea and factories on the land, and by creating pollution with chemical waste. We will some day destroy the planet we live on if we continue in this way.However, if we focus only on conservation, then people may suffer. Not everything that is best for nature is good for people. Would anyone say that development should be stopped in favor of nature. From the point of view of some people, we are only doing what humans have always done, using nature to meet our own needs. Other people argue that such thinking may cause a catastrophe, unless we start to look around and understand how a clean environment benefits us all.After decades of destroying nature and using up natural resources, many developed nations are now concerned about saving nature rather than developing or destroying it. However, many poorer nations must focus on meeting the everyday needs of their people. In doing so, they are using up natural resources at a fast pace. They have not yet seen the effects of the careless use of the environment like many wealthy nations have. Often they do not realize that the choices they make are bad for the environment. Should they be blamed for destroying hundreds of thousands of acres of rainforest if it means a better income for their people? The developed and developing countries of the world need to work together to make sure that people enjoy healthy and happy lives, without the environment around them suffering.It should not be a question of humans winning and nature losing. Humans can only really win by protecting nature. After all, food has to be produced in a healthy, natural system, and we all need clean air to breathe and pure water to drink. It is mankind’s responsibility to find answers that are good for everyone, and everything.40. M5U3. Project (2)— GM food: hope or danger?In recent years, there has been great progress in the study of genetics. With this progress doors have been opened up to technologies that never existed before. While many people are excited about these new technologies, these same technologies frighten others. Nowhere is this truer than with genetically modified (GM) food.There are two ways in which a plant or an animal can be genetically modified. First, new material can be inserted into its DNA to give the plant or animal qualities which it would never have in nature. Second, material can be taken from the DNA of a plant or an animal in order to remove qualities which are not desired.One aim of GM research is to produce food which will make us healthier. So far, this technology has been used to produce plants which are better able to defend themselves against pests and disease. Supporters of GM food argue that GM plants are healthier and have larger harvests. While there has been research in GM animals such as pigs, no GM meat is being sold at present.Many questions have been raised about GM food. No one really knows whether it is safe for animals or humans to eat. Scientists admit that more tests should be done on GM food. Research has been limited to increasing production profits, rather than making sure that GM foods are safe. GM food could therefore be dangerous to eat.There is also a question as to whether GM plants are safe for the environment. Since GM crops are planted outside, they are part of the food chain—insects and other animals eat them or use their products, and these insects and animals will be eaten by yet other animals. No one knows what effects the GM material might have on the food chain.Since no one really knows whether GM food is safe, many countries have hesitated to give permission for the production of GM foods, as they would rather be cautious with this new technology.。
牛津高中英语模块1-5全部英语课文及中文翻译
搜索代码：短语分词不定式完成时with结构句型M1U1 SCHOOL life in the UKGoing to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me. I was very happy with the school hours in Britain because school starts around 9 a.m. and ends about 3.30 p.m. This means I could get up an hour later than usual as schools in China begin before 8 a.m.On the first day, all of the new students attended an assembly in the school hall. I sat next to a girl whose name is Diane. We soon became best friends. During the assembly, the headmaster told us about the rules of the school. He also told us that the best way to earn respect was to devote oneself to study and achieve high grades. This sounded like my school in China.I had many teachers in the past year. Mr. Heywood , my class teacher, was very helpful. My favorite teacher was Miss Burke—I loved the lessons that she gave in English Literature. In our class there were 28 students. This is about the average size for British schools. We had to move to different classrooms for different classes. We also had different students in some classes, so it was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and names.I found the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school, but it was a bit challenging for me at firs t because all the homework was in English. I felt lucky as all my teachers gave me much encouragement and I enjoyed all my subjects: English, History, English Literature, Computer Science, Maths, Science, PE, Art, Cooking and French.My English improved a lot as I used English every day and spent an hour each day reading English books in the library.I usually went to the Computer Club during the lunch break, so I could send e-mails to my family and friends back home for free.I also had an extra French class on Tuesday evenings. Cooking was really fun as I learned how to buy, prepare and cook food. At the end of term we held a class party and we all had to cook something. I was glad that all my classmates were fond of the cake that I made.Students at that school have to study Maths, English and Science, but can stop studying some subjects if they don’t like them, for example, History and French. They can choose other subjects like Art and Computer Science or Languages such as Spanish and German. In the Art class that I took, I made a small sculpture. Though it didn’t look very beautiful when it was finished, I still liked it very much.I missed Chinese food a lot at lunch. British food is very different. British people like eating dessert at the end of their main meal. After lunch, we usually played on the school field. Sometimes I played football with the boys. Sometimes I just relaxed under a tree or sat on the grass.I was very lucky to experience this different way of life. I look back on my time in the UK with satisfaction, and I really hope to go back and study in Manchester again.在英国的学校生活在英国上了一年的中学对我来说是一段非常令人愉快和兴奋的经历。
高中英语 模块五 Unit1 Reading课件 牛津必修5
She scored the lowest mark in her class.
She found a piece of paper on her desk that said ‘Stupid Sarah got a D’!
She felt ashamed.
She was so upset and feltቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱlike crying.
determined apologize proud mean betrayed friendship secrets guilty mark match
Dear Sarah, You have every right to feel ________ by your friend if she did tell your secret to others, but it seems unlikely that she did. You say that you are best friends; well, best friends talk about their problems and try to solve them. If she is a good friend, you
secrets
Dear Andrew, It seems you need to apologize quickly to avoid losing a good friend! Don’t forget that some things are important to people, even when they don’t shout about them. The _____ was probably very important to Matthew and he felt ______ about losing, and bad about
《牛津高中英语》模块Readingproject课文
7. M2U1. Reading—Boy missing, police puzzledPolice in America have stepped up their search for a fifteen-year-old boy who went missing three days ago in Dover, New Hampshire. This incident has received great interest due to reports of strange lights in the sky and of alien visits around the time the boy disappeared.Justin Foster, a high school student, was last seen Friday night. That evening at 8 p.m. Justin went to play baseball with two friends, who both say Justin went home after the game. Witnesses also say they saw Justin walking towards his house at 10.45 p.m. Justin 's sister, Kelly, aged nine, says she heard her brother return home at about 11 p.m.‘I was getting ready for bed, ' Kelly said. 'Justin went straight to his room. I didn't see him, but I heard him put on his favorite CD. I went to bed, and was woken up around midnight by a bright light outside my window.'At first, the young girl thought it was the light of the full moon, but then she realized that it was moving and coming closer.'I pulled back the curtains and saw a large spaceship flying outside. It had blue lights all around it, and there were many windows. Standing inside were lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes. I was frightened!' Kelly said that the spaceship then moved around to the side of the house, towards her brother's bedroom.' There was a flash of light and I heard Justin shout, and then the UFO just disappeared. I haven't seen Justin since. I'm sure the aliens took him.'Kelly then ran and woke up her mother. However, since Mrs Foster thought that Justin was spending the night with a friend, she assumed that Kelly was having a bad dream, and sent her back to bed. Mrs Foster was working that night on his road construction job, and was not home when these events occurred. When Justin did not show up for lunch the next day, Mrs Foster became worried and told her husband to call the police.Some people in Dover also say that they saw aliens that night. 'It's happened to me!' said Mrs Mavis Wood. 'The aliens took me aboard the UFO so that they could do research on me. Luckily, they returned me home without any injuries. The whole experience was terrible! I haven't been sleeping well since I returned home. I think Justin was taken away by them, too.'When asked about the possibility that Justin was taken by aliens, Detective Sam Peterson, who has taken charge of the case, told journalists, ' Sometimes people make up such amazing stories. There's really no hard evidence that aliens took him. So, while we have not dismissed the idea, we are looking into other possibilities as well. We will not give up until we find out what happened.'8. M2U1. Project—Yeti, Bigfoot and the Wild Man of ShennongjiaFor centuries, people have reported seeing a wild creature in the Himalayas called Yeti. The Yeti is said to be a large, hairy animal that walks an two feet like a human being. People believe that Yetis sometimes come down from the mountains to attack villagers.In 1998, an American mountain climber said that he saw a Yeti on the Chinese side of the Himalayas. 'It walked like a human, but it had thick black fur and wasabout six feet tall with huge shoulders, very long arms and large hands, 'he said.In 2007, an American TV team saw Yeti tracks 33 centimetres in length in the snow near Mount Qomolangma. They made copies of these tracks and had them examined by a scientist in the USA. He reported that they looked like the tracks of a similar creature, called Bigfoot, which some people believe lives in the forests of the north-west of the USA.Yeti and Bigfoot are similar to a creature known as the Wild Man of Shennongjia. There have been dozens of reports that people have seen a Wild Man in the Shennongjia Nature Reserve in western Hubei Province, China. In one case, a group of engineers ran after the creature, which moved with amazing speed and strength. Large tracks have also been discovered which some people say belong to the Wild Man. Because of these reports and the tracks, there have been several organized searches for this creature, but no strong evidence for existence has ever been found.Dr Grover Krantz, a scientist from Washington State University, studied reports of such strange creatures for many years. He became convinced they exist .He believed that these creatures are linked to a common ancestor, an animal that lived in Asia some 300,000 years ago. In his opinion, this animal made its way to other parts of the world, and continues to survive even today.Scientists hope that the mystery will be solved one day. If such creatures really exist, we might have the chance to see one with our own eyes.9. M2U2. Reading— An adventure in Africa30 JuneDear AihuaHow are you going？Sorry I haven’t written for so long. I’ve been quite busy arranging my holiday with my older brother, Colin. Colin and I plan to spend a few weeks travelling before he goes to university. We’re going to visit so many exciting places and do lots of extraordinary things. We will go to Africa first. I can’t wait! Have you ever been there?We leav e London on 15 July, and we’ll be taking a flight to Morocco, in northern Africa. We’re going to ride camels through the Sahara Desert. It’s the biggest desert in the world—about the size of the US! I expect it will be very hot, dry and dusty there. We’ll be travelling by camel with local guides, camping in tents and sleeping on the ground. I’ve heard that, in the Sahara, there is no shade during the day, and the stars seem especially brilliant on clear nights. I’ll bring a flashlight with me so that I’ll b e able to see in the dark. Altogether, the trip will take six days. That means I’ll have to sit on a camel for almost a week—how uncomfortable! I hope my camel likes me!After the trip by camel, we’re going to travel down the River Nile. We’ll start at Lake Victoria. A little way down the river from Lake Victoria, the water gets quite rough. So, we’ll go white-water rafting. It’s quite dangerous, but very exciting! You have to wear a helmet and a life jacket for protection, just in case you fall into the water.Then, we’re going on a trip to see wild animals in Kenya. We’ll live with the local people in their villages, and eat and drink whatever they do, including cow’s blood! Do you think I should drink it?Since we’ll be walking for almost two weeks, I’ll need to buy a large backpackin advance to carry my supplies of food and water. During the day, we’ll walk across the land, following the tracks of wildlife such as elephants, lions and giraffes. We’ll try to get as close as possible to the animals, even though they’re dangerous, so that we can take some really good photographs. But don’t worry about me. Our guides will have guns with them for defiance—they can use the guns to scare the animals away if they come too near. I really want to see an elephant up close, and Colin wants to see a giraffe.After that, we’ll be moving on to Tanzania, where we’re going to climb Mount Kilimanjaro. Mountain climbing can be very tiring, and many people feel sick as the atmosphere gets thinner, so Colin and I will make sure that we will get plenty of rest. The African part of our trip will take about four weeks. Afterwards, we’re going to the Himalayas.I’ll send you postcards from all the different places we visit!LoveToby10. M2U2. Project—Shangri-laWould you like the chance to discover a place of mystery and beauty in the south-west of China? If your answer is ‘yes’, consider a trip to Shangri-la !How to get thereStart in the city of Dali and drive north along the Y unnan-Tibet Highway until you reach Zhongdian (Shangri-la), the capital of Diqing. Zhongdian is 659 kilometers away from Kunming, and there are regular flights between the two cities.The world-famous Chinese Shangri-laThe word ‘Shangri-la’ first appeared in a classic novel by James Hil ton. Today, Shangri-la has become a common English word meaning heaven on earth. Hilton described a beautiful kingdom where three rivers joined together, steep mountains reached to the sky, and fields of long grass covered the earth. In this perfect world lived people who had discovered how to stay young forever.Which place could officially take the name of this wonderful land? There were arguments over which tourist spot would win the name of Shangri-la. Many years after the book was published, some people realized that the Shangri-la of the novel was a perfect match for Zhongdian in Y unnan Province, China. In September 1997, the government of Yunnan province announced that Zhongdian was the Shangri-la of Hilton’s story.What you will see in Shangri-laThree mountains, Meili, Baimang and Haba, which are covered with snow, tower over the land. Their snowy mountaintops form a beautiful picture that will leave you at a loss for wordsBelow the mountains, the sunshine reflects on the many lakes, making them shine like diamonds against the rich countryside. Sheep, cattle and horses wander on the green grass, and the surrounding forests are home to many birds and animals. In this peaceful land, people live in perfect harmony with nature, far away from the noise and worry of the outside world.Nature has provided Shangri-la with endless natural treasures, making the land a happy home for the local people.What the weather is likeThe weather changes so quickly that people say you can experience four seasons in one day. The best times to visit Shangri-la are spring and autumn when the temperature is at its mildest.11. M2U3. Reading—The curse of the mummyHoward Carter is one of the most famous explorers the world has ever known. He was brave and loved to visit and explore new places. During his life, he discovered many amazing things.Howard Carter did not go to school, but learnt to draw from his father, who was an artist. He was bright and curious about the world outside his home town. In 1891, at the age of 17, he set sail for Alexandria, Egypt. By the 1920s, he had become an explorer, searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings. He found several important ones. Inside the tombs, he discovered a great fortune in jewels and gold, along with the preserved bodies of dead kings. These preserved bodies are known as mummies.In 1922, Howard Carter made his most amazing discovery of all, in the Valley of the Kings, in Egypt. He had received money from Lord Carnarvon, a British man who was very interested in Egypt. Carter’s team was working at a place near the city of Luxor. There, they came across the tomb of King Tutankhamun. It was the most important tomb that had ever been found. ‘The tomb contained more treasure than any of us had ever seen before, as well as the mummy of the king,’ said Carter. ‘After we looked into the tomb, we closed it and hid its entrance. We wanted tostudy the tomb later when we had more time. Afterwards, all of its contents would go into a museum.’However, not long after the discovery, people i n Carter’s team began to fall ill and die. Upon their entering the tomb, Carter’s lucky pet bird, which he had left in Cairo, was awallowed by a snake. Then, a few months after Carter had opened the tomb, Lord Carnarvon, who was also present when the tomb was opened, fell ill with a fever and died in Egypt. At the moment of Carnarnon’s death, the lights went out in Cairo, the capital of Egypt. Back in England, his dog died at approximately the same time.George Gould, a friend of Carnarvon’s, went to Egypt after hearing of his strange death. He too visited the tomb, only to catch a high fever the next day. Twelve hours later, he was dead. Carter’s secretary, Richard Bethell, died of heart trouble four months after the tomb was opened. Arthur Mace, another member of the team, also died shortly after the discovery.Within seven years, 21 people who had something to do with the opening of the tomb died. Howard Carter, however, lived on until the age of 65. Some people say the deaths were just coincidence. Others believe that they were in connection with a mummy’s curse, as a punishment for those who enter the resting place of the dead.However, still others believe that there is a scientific explanation. Inside the tombs, there are many viruses. When a tomb is opened, fresh air disturbs the viruses. If breathed in, they can result in illness or even death. Today, when scientists examine mummies, they wear special clothing for protection.What is certain, though, is that ‘the curse of the mummy’ remains a riddle to this day.12. M2U3. Project—Explorer (16 October 2003)What is the most fun you can have in 21 hours and 23 minutes? On 15 October 2003, Yang Liwei answered this question. His voyage in space took him 600,000 kilometres in orbit, around the Earth 14 times, in just over 21 hours. It made him China’s first astronaut in space. He had worked towards this achievement for many years.Born in 1965, Yang had wanted to fly since he was a young boy. His friends and teachers from Suizhong in the north-east of Liaoning Province have all said that he loved science and technology from a young age. He always had a strong desire to learn how to fly. His dream was encouraged by his parents as well as his older sister and younger brother.In 1983, he joined the army, and went to flight school. He graduated in 1987 and became a pilot. In 1998, he applied to be a member of Project 921, which is now called shenzhou. He was one of the only 14 selected from 1,500 candidates. The team spent the next five years being trained. They not only studied all the subjects required to be an astronaut, but also learnt survival skills and all about how spaceships and rockets are built. Yang scored among the very top in everything the group studied.In September 2003, only three out of the 14 candidates were picked for the Chinese space adventure, and Yang was one of them. He took all kinds of tests to prove he was fit for this important task. Although Yang did not get the best scoreson every single test, it was his high scores on the psychological tests that finally won him the status of China's first astronaut. Yang was described by his superiors as hard-working and always in control of himself. Because of these qualities, they were optimistic he would be successful.In the end, Yang was indeed a success. His name will go down in history with those of Yuri Gagarin and Alan Shepard. The people of China can be proud of Yang Liwei, and young people all over the world can look up to him as an example of a man who managed to live his dream.。
牛津高中英语模块5Reading,Project课文(新)
31. M5U1. Reading (1)—Secrets and liesDear Annie,I feel betrayed by my friend Hannah. We have been best friends since primary school and spend almost every day with each other. Sometimes, other children say we are no fun because we are both very academic and like to study, but we like it that way. We are both very hard-working and always get good grades at school.On Monday, we had a surprise math quiz. I thought it was quite easy and was not worried about the results. I must have sounded very proud of myself after the quiz, saying how easy it was and how I was sure to get a good grade. The next day after class, my math teacher told me that I had the lowest grade in the class! I felt so ashamed; I must be really stupid to fail a simple math quiz!Afterwards, I pretended to be cheerful, but Hannah sensed something was wrong. We went to wash our hands in the girls’ washroom before lunch and I admitted how badly I had done. I begged her not to tell anyone else, and she said she would keep my secret.However, the next day, I noticed that my classmates were staring at me as I came into math class and, when I went to sit down, I was shocked to find a piece of paper on my desk that said, “Stupid Sarah got a D!” I was so upset that I felt like crying. I thought that Hannah must have told my classmates about my grade after promising not to. Everyone must have been laughing behind my back!I was so angry that I went straight to Hannah and told her we weren’t going to be friends any more because she couldn’t keep her word. She was really upset and swore that she hadn’t told anyone. However, the only people who see our grades are the teacher and the students that the grades belong to. She said that someone must have been spying on us in the washroom, but I didn't believe her explanation. I don’t think I can ever truly forgive her. Now I’ve lost my best friend. What shall I do?Yours sincerelySarah32. M5U1. Reading (2)—A friendship in troubleDear Annie,My name is Andrew. I am 17 years old and I have a problem. My best friend Matthew has stopped talking to me. We have been best friends since childhood and play together in the schoolfootball team. Last week, we had an important match against another school. The other team was superb and we really had to focus. I was determined to win, but Matthew was playing badly. He could not keep pace with the game, and as a result of his careless playing we lost.Afterwards, I got really angry with him, and I told him I thought he was not trying hard enough. He got annoyed, saying it wasn’t his fault if he couldn’t play as well as me, and that I shouldn’t talk to him in this manner. Then we both started shouting at each other and it turned into a horrible argument. He accused me of some really bad things just to hurt me. I feel really guilty because I made some cruel remarks too, but I dislike seeing our team lose. Football is very important to me, but so is our friendship.Since we argued, he hasn’t spoken to me even though we sit next to each other in class. It’s really awkward. He is usually cheerful and outgoing, but he has been really quiet and looks sad. The things he said hurt me too, but he has not apologized to me.Yesterday, I saw him talking to another boy, Peter, and I cannot help wondering if he wants Peter to be his best friend instead of me. I told my brother about the quarrel, but he said Matthew is just too sensitive and perhaps a little bitter because I am really athletic and good at football, and that I had better find another friend. What should I do?Yours trulyAndrew33. M5U1. Project (1)—Teenagers’ friendshipsMy friend, Robert, has a twin sister named Amanda. Though they get along well, there are some things about Amanda and her friends that puzzle Robert. He can't understand how girls can talk for so long. For example, sometimes when he leaves the apartment to play football, Amanda and her friend, Sharon, are sitting on the sofa, talking. When he comes back three and a half hours later, they’re still sitting on the sofa, continuing the same conversation on the s ame topic. One day Robert was so curious that he asked Amanda what they talked about, but she replied, ‘We’re best friends. We talk about almost everything—film stars, pop songs, recipes, everything!’Boys and girls have different attitudes towards friendship. Friendships between girls are usually anchored in shared feelings and support, but friendships between boys are based on shared activities or interests. A boy is likely to be cautious about sharing his feelings with his closefriends. A girl’s closest friend, however, might be eager to tell her about something that has happened in her life.Many studies worldwide show that girls have more friendships than boys. In fact, many adolescent males cannot name a single best friend. When asked, they usually hesitate before responding, ‘My best friend? I can’t think about that. I am busy with my homework, and I have so many different friends that it is hard to choose just one best friend.’Females who have been asked can usually answer the question without pausi ng, ‘A best friend? Of course. We have a lot to share with each other. We do a lot of things together such as talking and shopping.’We have to realize: boys share activities, while girls share feelings. The qualities that boys and girls consider important in a friend seem to be the same, regardless of the basis of these friendships. The important thing to remember is that both of them are friendships. We all need friends in our lives.34. M5U1. Project (2)—What friendship means to meWhen deciding what is most important in life, some people choose money, while others choose things like security and comfort. However, for me, the most important thing in life is friendship. I cannot imagine being without it.Friendship means not being alone. Once I was travelling by myself through Beijing on the way to my grandparents’ house. Since my next train left in the evening, I had a day for sightseeing. At first, I didn’t mind being alone, but then I saw all the tourists having their pictures taken together, and I began feeling sad. I ended up returning to the train station and spending the rest of the day in the waiting room. Life is no fun without a companion to share it with.Friendship means having someone I can rely on. Last year, I left my schoolbag on a trolleybus, and I lost all of my notes for the final exam. You can imagine how I panicked. Luckily for me, my best friend Jenny let me copy her notes, and I used them in my revision. Thanks to her help, I was able to pass the exam.Friendship means being committed to others. The best way to have a friend is to be a friend. Because I am a friend, I have had to learn patience and mercy. Once I had a quarrel with Jenny, and she made some cruel comments about me. Even though I was hurt, I forgave her and she later made an apology. Through this incident, both of us have become better people. However, if I hadended our friendship, we would have both learnt nothing.In conclusion, when we are old and look back on our lives, what will we remember? Will we remember the things we bought or the places we have been to? No, we will remember those whom we loved and those who loved us. We will remember our friends.35. M5U2. Reading— The economy or the environment—must we choose?TV host: James LongSpeakers: Lin Shuiqing, a spokeswoman from the Green SocietyQian Liwei, a business development consultantJames Long: Good morning. Today’s debate question is, “The economy or the environment—must we choose?’ With me are Ms Lin Shuiqing, from the Green Society, and Mr Qian Liwei, a business development consultant. We are following our usual schedule for debates. Ms Lin Shuiqing will speak first for three minutes. Mr Qian Liwei will follow, also for three minutes. Then we will open the floor for discussion. If you have any questions or comments, you can use this time to express them.Lin Shuiqing: Good morning, everyone. First I am talking to you today about the way vast areas of the world are damaged by chemical waste. Many places have been destroyed and many plants and animals have died. This is awful. Factories produce large numbers of harmful chemicals. The waste they create goes into the atmosphere and makes us sick. Other types of waste flow into our water, killing river and sea life.Much sea life is being destroyed by fishing boats as well. These boats catch large numbers of fish without giving them time to lay eggs. This will result in a smaller number of fish left for us to eat in the future.While we damage our environment, we keep producing more and more people who need more land to live on and more food to eat! The world’s population has grown by six times what it was in 1800. The figure is now about 7 billion people!It is our duty to try to cut back on production and reduce the number of things we make and buy. The amount of rubbish we produce is turning into a big problem; we need to think more about recycling our waste. It would be good to increase the amount of waste we recycle, and teach people ways of living that do not harm the environment. We may even create more jobs and help our country become more developed at the same time.Thank you.Qian Liwei: Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you, Ms Lin. That was an interesting speech. It is clear that you are very concerned about the present situation of our environment. As a business development consultant, I’m often seen as being against the environment. When people think of factories, they think of clouds of dirty smoke or of pipes pouring chemical waste into rivers. They think of greedy businessmen hiding from their responsibilities and only worrying about money. People often have this belief that development is bad for the environment, but this does not have to be true.What I’m here to say is that having worked with many environmental consultants, I kn ow that a healthy environment and development should be possible at the same time.There are many factories and industries which control the amount of pollution they produce, and are very careful to spend money repairing any damage they cause. The people operating these factories are deeply concerned about the environment. We need to stop thinking of companies and businessmen as the enemy, and give them more credit!Ms Lin suggested we should cut back on the quantity of things we produce in order to save th e environment. I don’t agree with her because then jobs will be lost. I believe that people are more important than fish and trees.However, I do agree that we should produce more things from materials that have been recycled, and less from raw materials, the supply of which is growing smaller and smaller.What we need are better laws to preserve the environment and still allow our country to grow. This includes controls on how many trees are cut down and how many fish are caught. This might make wood and seafood more expensive, but paying a higher price for some things is not always bad. Asking around, I find many people willing to pay a little higher price for things that are friendly to the environment.Finally, those factories which pollute the environment should have to pay higher taxes. If you harm the environment, you should have to pay for it to be repaired.Thank you for listening.James Long: Now we will open the floor for discussion…36. M5U2. Project (1)— Protecting the Yangtze RiverAs the third longest river in the world, the health of the Yangtze River has raised concern both in China and abroad. Rapid development and an increase in population have meant that the amount of the water taken from the river is rising, and that the waste being put back into the river has been increasing. This is not good news for the people who rely on the Yangtze River for water. Nor is it good news for the wide range of fish and wildlife that live in or along the river.Many people have recognized the importance of protecting the Yangtze River, and organizations and projects have been set up to deal with the problem. The Green River Organization, for example, educates people on the importance of protecting this great river. It also watches the river and stops the illegal hunting of animals, which has put the wild animal population in danger.Two special government projects are also under way. The first project, a water and soil conservation project, was set up in 1989. This project resulted in farmers replacing their crops with trees or grass. It has already been a success because it has helped improve the local environment and the land around the river.The second project includes nature reserves for white-flag dolphins, one of the rarest animals in the world. The number of white-flag dolphins in China has dropped because of pollution in the Yangtze River. The white-flag dolphin was last seen several years ago, though scientists are still hopeful that the animal has survived.We still have a long way to go to solve all the problems in regard to the Yangtze River. However, people have finally realized that it is their responsibility to protect this great river. Because of this, the situation on the Yangtze River is improving. The efforts of the Chinese government and people to protect this much-loved river will be appreciated for years to come.37. M5U2. Project (2)—Climate change and a low-carbon lifeThere is no doubt that the world climate has been changing in recent years. Many people blame this change on gases such as carbon dioxide. Animals and humans produce carbon dioxide when they breathe. However, many other human activities also let off carbon gases. Anytime something is burnt, carbon is put into the atmosphere. Cars and other vehicles burn petrol in their engines, and electrical power plants most often burn fuels such as coal and oil in order to produceelectricity. Therefore, the more petrol and electricity we consume, the more carbon we are letting off.One thing we can all do to help solve this problem is to walk or use a bicycle when possible. Although we produce carbon when we breathe, the carbon we produce is much less than that produced by a car. Of course, there are times when we need to travel long distances. In this case, public transport such as buses and the underground is always a much better choice than a private car or a taxi. If you must drive a car, it is never good to travel alone—you should try to find other people to travel with you.At home, you should use as little energy as possible. Turn off the lights and anything else electrical when not in use. Since factories use a lot of energy and also let off carbon gases, it is important to recycle as much as possible. In particular, metal products and paper products require a lot of energy to produce, so you should find ways to use these again without throwing them away.Last but not least, you can plant a tree, because trees absorb the carbon dioxide in the air to produce oxygen. Planting a small tree is cheap and easy, and two decades from now, when you look at what will have become a large tree, you will find a sense of satisfaction knowing that you did your part to help solve the problem of climate change.38. M5U3. Reading—The perfect copyScientists have announced that they have cloned the first human embryo. This has caused much debate round the world. On the one hand, some scientists point out that if you clone an embryo, you can produce valuable human tissues—such as bone or lung tissue—that could be used to save human lives. On the other hand, many people, including some scientists, disagree and are afraid that, if mankind toys with nature in this way, we may be on our way to producing a real-life Frankenstein’s monster.Cloning is producing an exact copy of a plant or an animal using its cells. The first mammal to be cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep. She was born in 1996 and died in early 2003, at a much younger age than normal. When she was born, many people were worried that cloning would lead to more diseases in the animal world. However, in general the scientists were praised for their wonderful scientific advance.Ian Wilmut, the Scottish scientist who created Dolly, is shocked that some scientists are now considering cloning human beings. Although he researches cloning, his intention has never been to create copies of human. Instead, he thinks research efforts should concentrate on creating new tissues and organs that can be used to cure diseases like cancer. However, some people believe that cloning human embryos with the intention of destroying them shows no respect for human life.Even though human cloning is causing a lot of anxiety, it is good news for Faye Wilson, a 41-year-old saleswoman who cannot have a baby. ‘I am anxious to have a child of my own,’ she says. ‘I don’t want to adopt someone else’s child—If I had the chance, I would have a cloned baby right now.While cloning human embryos is not legal in many countries, some scientists are already pushing ahead with research in order to produce a cloned human baby. Severino Antinori, an Italian physician, has declared that he wants to be the first to clone a human being.In China, scientists have focused their efforts on cloning animals, as well as cloned tissues to be used in medical treatment. China has succeeded in producing clones of cows and goats, and continues to research ways in which cloning can benefit mankind.(Letter 1) Dear EditorI believe that human cloning is wrong. If we toy with nature , we will have to deal with the consequences. Who knows what could happen? Human life would just become a crop to be harvested or a product for sale.The human race is using up the Earth’s natural wealth. We should be having fewer babies in order to reduce the Earth’s population, not cloning more.I feel sorry for the lady who cannot have a baby, but I would like to point out that there are many children in the world with no parents who would be delighted to have a mother.Pauline Carter(Letter 2) Dear EditorI would like to comment on your arti cle, ‘The perfect copy’. I think the scientific advances mentioned in your article are fantastic! I am in complete agreement with human cloning. After all, scientists have been challenging moral ideas for centuries. Why should we stop them now?On a personal note, cloning would totally transform my life. Seven years ago, my 10-year-old daughter died of heart failure. She was beautiful, cheerful and bright. I miss her every single day. If I had the chance, I would clone her immediately so I that I could be with her again.Colin Jake39. M5U3. Project (1)— Man and NatureFor a long time, our environment has been damaged because humans have been careless. People have harmed nature through agriculture, fishing, hunting and tourism. We further damage the Earth by building new channels in the sea and factories on the land, and by creating pollution with chemical waste. We will some day destroy the planet we live on if we continue in this way.However, if we focus only on conservation, then people may suffer. Not everything that is best for nature is good for people. Would anyone say that development should be stopped in favor of nature. From the point of view of some people, we are only doing what humans have always done, using nature to meet our own needs. Other people argue that such thinking may cause a catastrophe, unless we start to look around and understand how a clean environment benefits us all.After decades of destroying nature and using up natural resources, many developed nations are now concerned about saving nature rather than developing or destroying it. However, many poorer nations must focus on meeting the everyday needs of their people. In doing so, they are using up natural resources at a fast pace. They have not yet seen the effects of the careless use of the environment like many wealthy nations have. Often they do not realize that the choices they make are bad for the environment. Should they be blamed for destroying hundreds of thousands of acres of rainforest if it means a better income for their people? The developed and developing countries of the world need to work together to make sure that people enjoy healthy and happy lives, without the environment around them suffering.It should not be a question of humans winning and nature losing. Humans can only really win by protecting nature. After all, food has to be produced in a healthy, natural system, and we all need clean air to breathe and pure water to drink. It is mankind’s responsibility to find answers that are good for everyone, and everything.40. M5U3. Project (2)— GM food: hope or danger?In recent years, there has been great progress in the study of genetics. With this progress doors have been opened up to technologies that never existed before. While many people are excited about these new technologies, these same technologies frighten others. Nowhere is this truer than with genetically modified (GM) food.There are two ways in which a plant or an animal can be genetically modified. First, new material can be inserted into its DNA to give the plant or animal qualities which it would never have in nature. Second, material can be taken from the DNA of a plant or an animal in order to remove qualities which are not desired.One aim of GM research is to produce food which will make us healthier. So far, this technology has been used to produce plants which are better able to defend themselves against pests and disease. Supporters of GM food argue that GM plants are healthier and have larger harvests. While there has been research in GM animals such as pigs, no GM meat is being sold at present.Many questions have been raised about GM food. No one really knows whether it is safe for animals or humans to eat. Scientists admit that more tests should be done on GM food. Research has been limited to increasing production profits, rather than making sure that GM foods are safe. GM food could therefore be dangerous to eat.There is also a question as to whether GM plants are safe for the environment. Since GM crops are planted outside, they are part of the food chain—insects and other animals eat them or use their products, and these insects and animals will be eaten by yet other animals. No one knows what effects the GM material might have on the food chain.Since no one really knows whether GM food is safe, many countries have hesitated to give permission for the production of GM foods, as they would rather be cautious with this new technology.。
高中牛津英语所有模块的Reading和project课文翻译!
必修一Unit 1 School lifeReading英国的学校生活在美国上了一年的中学对我来说是一段非常令人愉快和兴奋的经历。
我很喜欢英国中学的作息时间，因为学校每天上午大约9点上课，下午大约三点半放学。
这意味着我每天可以比以往晚一个小时起床，因为在中国学校每天上午8点之前就开始上课了。
开学第一天，所有的新生都要去学校礼堂参加晨会。
我当时坐在一个叫黛安娜的女孩身边。
我们很快就成了最要好的朋友。
在晨会上，校长向我们宣布了校规。
他还告诉我们，赢得尊重的最佳途径就是专心学习并取得好成绩。
这听起来倒是像我在中国就读的学校。
过去的一年里我有许多老师。
海伍德先生，我的班主任，对我的帮助很大。
我最喜欢的老师是伯克小姐——我喜欢她教的英国文学课。
我们班上一共有28个学生。
英国中学的班级差不多也就这么大。
我们上不同的课得去不同的教室，上某些课的时候，我们班上的学生也不一样，所以对我来说记住所有人的面孔和名字，可是一件难事。
我发现这里布置的家庭作业不像我以前在原来学校时那么繁重。
可一开始我还是觉得有些挑战性，因为所有的家庭作业都是英语的。
让我感到幸运的是，所有的老师都给了我很多鼓励，因此我也喜欢我所学的每一门功课:英语、历史、英语文学、计算机、数学、科学、体育、艺术、烹饪和法语。
我天天都在使用英语，每天还花一个小时在图书馆里阅读英文书籍，因此，我的英语有了很大的进步。
午饭休息时间我常去电脑俱乐部，这样我就可以免费给国内的家人和朋友发电子邮件了，我还额外地在每周二的晚上去听法语课。
当我学会如何买菜，配菜和做菜的时候我发现烹饪真是一种乐趣。
学期末我们班开了一个派对，我们每个人都要为派对做吃的，班上所有的同学都喜欢我做的蛋糕，这个真让我高兴。
数学、英语和科学，是该校的必修课，但是，如果不喜欢某些科目是可以中断学习的，如历史和法语。
学生可以选修其他的科目，如艺术、计算机或者是西班牙语、德语之类的语言课。
在艺术课上我做了一件小雕塑，尽管完工之后它看上去并不是分漂亮，但我仍然非常喜欢它。
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31. M5U1. Reading ⑴—Secrets and liesDear Annie,I feel betrayed by my friend Hann ah. We have bee n best friends since primary school and spend almost every day with each other. Sometimes, other children say we are no fun because we are both very academic and like to study, but we like it that way. We are both very hard-work ing and always get good grades at school.On Mon day, we had a surprise math quiz. I thought it was quite easy and was not worried about the results. I must have sounded very proud of myself after the quiz, say ing how easy it was and how I was sure to get a good grade. The n ext day after class, my math teacher told me that I had the lowest grade in the class! I felt so ashamed; I must be really stupid to fail a simple math quiz!Afterwards, I pretended to be cheerful, but Hannah sensed something was wrong. We went to wash our hands in the girls ' washroom before lunch and I admitted how badly I had don e. I begged her not to tell anyone else, and she said she would keep my secret.However, the next day, I noticed that my classmates were staring at me as I came into math class and, when I went to sit down, I was shocked to find a piece of paper on mydesk that said, “Stupid Sarah got a D!” I was so upset that I felt like crying. I thought that Hannah must have told my classmates about my grade after promis ing not to. Everyone must have bee n laugh ing beh ind my back!I was so angry that I went straight to Hannah and told her we weren ' t goingto be friends any more because she couldn ' t keep her wo rd. She was really upset and swore that she hadn' t told anyone. However, the only people who see our grades are the teacher and the stude nts that the grades bel ong to. She said that some one must have bee n spy ing on us in the washroom, but I did n't believe her expla natio n.I don ' t think I can ever truly forgive her. Now I ' ve lost my best friend. Whatshall I doYours sincerelySarah32. M5U1. Read ing (2) —A frie ndship in troubleDear Annie,My n ame is An drew. I am17 years old and I have a problem. My best friend Matthew has stopped talking to me. Wehave been best friends since childhood and play togetherin the school football team. Last week, we had an importa nt match aga inst ano ther school. The other team was superb and we really had to focus. I was determined to win, but Matthew was play ing badly. He could not keep pace with the game, and as a result of his careless play ing we lost.Afterwards, I got really angry with him, and I told him I thought he was nottrying hard eno ugh. He got anno yed, say ing it wasn' t his fault if he could n ' t play as well as me, and that I shouldn ' t talk to him in this manner. Then we both started shouting at each other and it turned into a horrible argument. He accused me of some really bad things just to hurt me. I feel really guilty because I made some cruel remarks too, but I dislike seeing our team lose. Football is very important to me, but so is our frien dship.Since we argued, he hasn ' t spoken to me even though we sit next to each otherin class. It ' s really awkward. He is usually cheerful and outgoing, but he has been really quiet and looks sad. The things he said hurt me too, but he has not apologized to me.Yesterday, I saw him talking to another boy, Peter, and I cannot help wondering if he wants Peter to be his best friend in stead of me. I told my brother about the quarrel, but he said Matthew is just too sensitive and perhaps a little bitter because I am really athletic and good at football, and that I had better find another friend. What should I doYours trulyAn drew33. M5U1. Project (1) —Teenagers' friendshipsMy friend, Robert, has a twin sister n amed Ama nda. Though they get along well, there are some things about Ama nda and her friends that puzzle Robert. He can't un dersta nd how girls can talk for so long. For example, sometimes whe n he leaves the apartme nt to play football, Ama nda and her friend, Sharon, are sitt ing on the sofa, talking. Whenhe comes back three and a half hours later, they ' re still sittingon the sofa, continuing the same conversation on the same topic. One day Robert wasso curious that he asked Amanda what they talked about, but she replied, ‘we re best frien ds. We talk about almost everyth ing —film stars, pop son gs, recipes, everyth ing!'Boys and girls have different attitudes towards friendship. Friendships between girls are usually anchored in shared feelings and support, but friendships between boys are based on shared activities or in terests. A boy is likely to be cautious about sharing his feelings with his close friends. A girl ' s closest friend, however, might be eager to tell her about someth ing that has happe ned in her life.Many studies worldwide show that girls have more friendships than boys. In fact, many adolesce nt males cannot n ame a sin gle best friend. When asked, they usually hesi tate before responding, ‘ My best friend I can ' t think about that. I am busy with my homework, and I have so many differe nt friends that it is hard to choose just one best friend. 'Females who have bee n asked can usually an swer the questi on without paus ing,‘ A best friend Of course. We have a lot to share with each other. We do a lot ofthings together such as talk ing and shopp ing.We have to realize: boys share activities, while girls share feeli ngs. Thequalities that boys and girls con sider importa nt in a friend seem to be the same, regardless of the basis of these frien dships. The importa nt thing to remember is that both of them are frien dships. Weall n eed friends in our lives.34. M5U1. Project (2) —What frie ndship mea ns to meWhen deciding what is most important in life, some people choose money, whileothers choose things like security and comfort. However, for me, the most important thing in life is frien dship. I cannot imag ine being without it.Friendship meansnot being alone. Oncel was travelling by myself through Beijingon the way to my gran dpare nts ' house. Since my n ext train left in the eve nin g, Ihad a day for sightseeing. At first, I didn ' t mind being alone, but then I saw allthe tourists having their pictures taken together, and I began feeling sad. I endedup retur ning to the train stati on and spe nding the rest of the day in the wait ing room. Life is no fun without a compa nion to share it with.Frie ndship mea ns havi ng some one I can rely on. Last year, I left my schoolbagon a trolleybus, and I lost all of my no tes for the final exam. You can imagi ne how I pani cked. Luckily for me, my best friend Jenny let me copy her no tes, and I usedthem in my revisi on. Thanks to her help, I was able to pass the exam.Friendship means being committed to others. The best way to have a friend isto be a friend. Because I am a friend, I have had to learn patienee and mercy. OnceI had a quarrel with Jenny, and she made some cruel comme nts about me. Eve n thoughI was hurt, I forgave her and she later madean apology. Through this incident, both of us have become better people. However, if I had en ded our frien dship, we would have both lear nt nothing.In conclusion, when we are old and look back on our lives, what will we rememberWill we remember the things we bought or the places we have been to No, we will remember those whom we loved and those who loved us. We will remember our frien ds.35. M5U2. Read ing —The economy or the en vir onment —must we chooseTV host: James LongSpeakers: Lin Shui qing, a spokeswoma n from the Gree n SocietyQian Liwei, a bus in ess developme nt con sulta ntJames Long: Good morning. Today ' s debate question is, “The economy or the environment —must we choose' With meare Ms Lin Shuiqing, from the Green Society, and Mr Qian Liwei, a bus in ess developme nt con sulta nt. We are follow ing our usual schedule for debates. Ms Lin Shui qing will speak first for three minu tes. Mr Qian Liwei will follow, also for three minutes. Then wewill open the floor for discussion. If you have any questions or comments, you can use this time to express them.Lin Shui qing: Good morning, every one. First I am talk ing to you today aboutthe way vast areas of the world are damaged by chemical waste. Many places have been destroyed and many pla nts and ani mals have died. This is awful. Factories produce large numbers of harmful chemicals. The waste they create goes into the atmosphere and makes us sick. Other types of waste flow into our water, killing river and sea life.Much sea life is being destroyed by fish ing boats as well. These boats catchlarge numbers of fish without giving them time to lay eggs. This will result in a smaller nu mber of fish left for us to eat i n the future.While we damage our environment, we keep producing more and more people who need more land to live on and more food to eat! The world ' s population has grown by six times what it was in 1800. The figure is now about 7 billion people!It is our duty to try to cut back on product ion and reduce the nu mber of thingswe make and buy. The amount of rubbish we produce is turning into a big problem;we n eed to thi nk more about recycli ng our waste. It would be good to in crease theamount of waste we recycle, and teach people ways of livi ng that do not harm theen viro nment. Wemay even create more jobs and help our co untry become more developed at thesame time.Thank you.Qian Liwei: Good mornin g, ladies and gen tleme n. Thank you, Ms Lin. That wasan in terest ing speech. It is clear that you are very concerned about the prese ntsituati on of our envir onment. As a bus in ess developme nt con sulta nt, I ' m ofte n see n as being aga inst the en vir onment. When people think of factories, they think of clouds of dirty smoke or of pipes pouring chemical waste into rivers. They think of greedy bus in essme n hidi ng from their resp on sibilities and only worry ing about mon ey. People ofte n have this belief that developme nt is bad for the environment, but this does not have to be true.What I ' m here to say is that having worked with many environmental consultants,I know that a healthy environment and developme nt should be possible at the sametime.There are many factories and in dustries which con trol the amount of polluti onthey produce, and are very careful to spe nd money repairi ng any damage they cause. The people operati ng these factories are deeply concerned about the environment.We n eed to stop thi nking of compa nies and bus in essme n as the en emy, and give them more credit!Ms Lin suggested we should cut back on the quantity of things we produce in order to save the enviro nment. I don ' t agree with her because then jobs will be lost.I believe that people are more importa nt tha n fish and trees.However, I do agree that we should produce more things from materials that have been recycled, and less from raw materials, the supply of which is growing smaller and smaller.What we need are better laws to preserve the environment and still allow ourcountry to grow. This includes controls on how many trees are cut down and how manyfish are caught. This might make wood and seafood more expensive, but paying a higher price for some things is not always bad. Asking around, I find many people willing to pay a little higher price forthings that are friendly to the environment.Fin ally, those factories which pollute the environment should have to pay higher taxes. If you harm the environment, you should have to pay for it to be repaired.Thank you for liste ning.James Long: Now we will ope n the floor for discussi on …36. M5U2. Project (1) —Protecti ng the Yan gtze RiverAs the third Ion gest river in the world, the health of the Yan gtze River hasraised concern both in China and abroad. Rapid developme nt and an in crease in population have meant that the amount of the water taken from the river is rising, and that the waste being put back into the river has bee n in creas ing. This is not good news for the people who rely on the Yangtze River for water. Nor is it good news for the wide range of fish and wildlife that live in or along the river.Many people have recognized the importanee of protecting the Yangtze River, and organizations and projects have been set up to deal with the problem. The Green RiverOrgani zati on, for example, educates people on the importa nee of protect ing this great river. It also watches the river and stops the illegal hunting of animals, which has put the wild ani mal populati on in dan ger.Two special government projects are also under way. The first project, a water and soil conservation project, was set up in 1989. This project resulted in farmersreplaci ng their crops with trees or grass. It has already bee n a success because it has helped improve the local environment and the land around the river.The second project includes nature reserves for white-flag dolphins, one of therarest animals in the world. The number of white-flag dolphins in China has dropped because of pollution in the Yangtze River. The white-flag dolphin was last seen several years ago, though scientists are still hopeful that the animal has survived.Westill have a long way to go to solve all the problems in regard to the Yangtze River. However,people have fin ally realized that it is their resp on sibility to protect this great river. Because of this, the situation on the Yangtze River is improving. The efforts of the Chinese government and people to protect thismuch-loved river will be appreciated for years to come.37. M5U2. Project (2) —Climate cha nge and a low-carbon lifeThere is no doubt that the world climate has been changing in recent years. Many people blame this cha nge on gases such as carb on dioxide. Ani mals and huma ns produce carb on dioxide whe n they breathe. However, many other huma n activities also let off carb on gases. Any time someth ing is bur nt, carb on is put into the atmosphere. Cars and other vehicles bur n petrol in their engin es, and electrical power pla nts most often burn fuels such as coal and oil in order to produce electricity. Therefore, the more petrol and electricity we con sume, the more carb on we are lett ing off.One thing we can all do to help solve this problem is to walk or use a bicycle whe n possible. Although we produce carb on whe n we breathe, the carb on we produce is much less tha n that produced by a car. Of course, there are times whe n we n eedto travel long dista nces. In this case, public tran sport such as buses and theunderground is always a much better choice than a private car or a taxi. If you must drive a car, it is n ever good to travel alone — you should try to find other peopleto travel with you.At home, you should use as little en ergy as possible. Turn off the lights andanything else electrical when not in use. Since factories use a lot of energy andalso let off carb on gases, it is importa nt to recycle as much as possible. Inparticular, metal products and paper products require a lot of en ergy to produce,so you should find ways to use these aga in without throw ing them away.Last but not least, you can plant a tree, because trees absorb the carb on dioxidein the air to produce oxygen. Planting a small tree is cheap and easy, and two decadesfrom now, when you look at what will have become a large tree, you will find a senseof satisfaction knowing that you did your part to help solve the problem of climate change.38. M5U3. Readi ng —The perfect copyScie ntists have announced that they have cloned the first huma n embryo. Thishas caused much debate round the world. On the one hand, some scie ntists point outthat if you clone an embryo, you can produce valuable huma n tissues — such as bone or lung tissue —that could be used to save huma nlives. On the other hand, man ypeople, including some scientists, disagree and are afraid that, if mankind toys with nature in this way, we may be on our way to producing a real- life Frankenstein ' s monster.Cloning is producing an exact copy of a plant or an animal using its cells. The first mammal to be cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep. She was born in 1996 and died in early 2003, at a much youn ger age tha n no rmal. When she was born, many people were worried that cloning would lead to more diseases in the animal world. However, in general the scientists werepraised for their wonderful scie ntific adva nee.Ian Wilmut, the Scottish scientist who created Dolly, is shocked that somescientists are now considering cloning humanbeings. Although he researches cloning,his inten ti on has n ever bee n to create copies of huma n. In stead, he thinks researchefforts should concen trate on creat ing new tissues and orga ns that can be used to cure diseases like cancer. However, some people believe that cloning human embryos with the inten ti on of destro ying them shows no respect for huma n life.Even though human cloning is causing a lot of anxiety, it is good news for Faye Wils on, a 41-year- old saleswoma n who cannot have a baby. 'I am an xious to have a child of my own, ' she says. ' I don ' t want to adopt some one else ' s child —If I had the cha nee, I would have a cloned baby right now.While cloning human embryos is not legal in many countries, some scientists are already pushing ahead with research in order to produce a cloned humanbaby. Severino Antinori, an Italian physician, has declared that he wants to be the first to clone a huma n being.In China, scientists have focused their efforts on cloning ani mals, as well as cloned tissues to be used in medical treatme nt. China has succeeded in produci ngclones of cows and goats, and con ti nues to research ways in which cloning can ben efit mankind.(Letter 1) Dear EditorI believe that human cloning is wrong. If we toy with nature , we will have todeal with the consequences. Whoknows what could happen Humanlife would just become a crop to be harvested or a product for sale.The humanrace is using up the Earth ' s natural wealth. Weshould be having fewer babies in order to reduce the Earth ' s population, not cloning more.I feel sorry for the lady who cannot have a baby, but I would like to point out that there are manychildren in the world with no parents who would be delighted to have a mother.Pauli ne Carter(Letter 2) Dear EditorI would like to comment on your article, ‘ The perfect copy ' . I think thescientific advances mentioned in your article are fantastic! I am in complete agreeme nt with huma n cloning. After all, scie ntists have bee n challe nging moral ideas for cen turies. Why should we stop them nowOn a pers onal no te, cloning would totally tran sform my life. Seven years ago,my 10-year-old daughter died of heart failure. She was beautiful, cheerful and bright.I miss her every single day. If I had the chanee, I would clone her immediately soI that I could be with her aga in.Coli n Jake39. M5U3. Project (1) —Man and NatureFor a long time, our en viro nment has bee n damaged because huma ns have bee n careless. People have harmed nature through agriculture, fishing, hunting and tourism. Wefurther damagethe Earth by building new channels in the sea and factorieson the land, and by creating pollution with chemical waste. Wewill some day destroy the planet we live on if we continue in this way.However, if we focus only on conservation, then people maysuffer. Not everythingthat is best for nature is good for people. Would anyone say that development should be stopped in favor of n ature. From the point of view of some people, we are only doing what humans have always done, using nature to meet our own needs. Other people argue that such thinking may cause a catastrophe, uni ess we start to look around and un dersta nd how a clea n environment ben efits us all.After decades of destroying nature and using up natural resources, many developed n ati ons are now concerned about savi ng n ature rather tha n develop ing or destroying it. However, many poorer nations must focus on meeting the everyday needsof their people. In doing so, they are using up n atural resources at a fast pace.They have not yet seen the effects of the careless use of the environment like many wealthy nations have. Often they do not realize that the choices they make are bad for the environment. Should they be blamed for destroying hundreds of thousands of acres of rain forest if it means a better in come for their people The developed and develop ing coun tries of the world n eed to work together to make sure that people enjoy healthy and happy lives, without the environment around them sufferi ng.It should not be a question of humans winning and nature losing. Humanscan only really win by protect ing n ature. After all, food has to be produced in a healthy, natural system, and we all need clean air to breathe and pure water to drink. It is mankind' s resp on sibility to find an swers that are good for every one, and everyth ing.40. M5U3. Project (2) —GM food: hope or dan gerIn recent years, there has bee n great progress in the study of gen etics. Withthis progress doors have bee n ope ned up to tech no logies that n ever existed before. While many people are excited about these new tech no logies, these same tech no logies frighten others. Nowhere is this truer than with genetically modified (GM) food.There are two ways in which a plant or an animal can be genetically modified.First, new material can be inserted into its DNAto give the plant or animal qualities which it would never have in nature. Second, material can be taken from the DNA of a plant or an animal in order to remove qualities which are not desired.One aim of GMresearch is to produce food which will make us healthier. So far, this tech no logy has bee n used to produce pla nts which are better able to defe nd themselves aga inst pests and disease. Supporters of GM food argue that GM pla nts are healthier and have larger harvests. While there has been research in GManimals such as pigs, no GM meat is being sold at prese nt.Many questi ons have bee n raised about GM food. No one really knows whether it is safe for ani mals or huma ns to eat. Scie ntists admit that more tests should be done on GMfood. Research has been limited to increasing production profits, ratherthan making sure that GM foods are safe. GM food could therefore be dangerous to eat.There is also a question as to whether GM plants are safe for the environment.Since GM crops are pla nted outside, they are part of the food cha in —in sects and other ani mals eat them or use their products, and these in sects and ani mals will be eaten by yet other animals. No one knows what effects the GMmaterial might have on the food cha in.Si nee no one really knows whether GMfood is safe, many coun tries have hesitated to give permissi on for the product ion of GMfoods, as they would rather be cautious with this new tech no logy.。