对外经济贸易大学 商务英语二复习资料
商务英语专业资格考试复习笔记分享
商务英语专业资格考试复习笔记分享商务英语专业资格考试（Business English Certificate，简称BEC）是国际上广泛认可的一项商务英语能力评估体系，旨在衡量个人在商务环境中的英语沟通能力。
对于商务英语专业的学生来说，通过BEC考试是提升自身竞争力的重要途径。
在这篇文章中，我将分享一些BEC考试的复习笔记，希望对正在备考的同学们有所帮助。
一、商务英语基础知识1. 商务词汇商务英语中常用的词汇非常重要，复习时可以通过制作词汇卡片进行记忆。
可以分为不同主题，如市场营销、财务、人力资源等，每天复习一定数量的词汇，并进行反复操练。
2. 商务写作商务英语写作是BEC考试的重要组成部分，需要掌握常见的商务信函、报告、备忘录等写作格式。
可以通过模拟真实场景，练习写作不同类型的商务文件，例如回复客户投诉、提出建议等。
3. 商务口语商务英语口语考察的是应对实际工作场景中的沟通能力，因此需要多进行角色扮演练习。
可以找一个学习伙伴，通过模拟商务谈判、电话沟通等场景进行对话练习，提高口语表达能力和应变能力。
二、商务沟通技巧1. 有效听力商务场景中的听力理解能力非常重要，需要能够听懂各种商务会议、电话交流等场景中的内容。
可以通过多听商务英语教材中的录音，同时注意提高听力速度和理解能力。
2. 跨文化沟通商务英语考试中也会考察跨文化沟通的能力，因此需要了解不同国家和地区的商务礼仪和文化习惯。
可以通过阅读相关书籍、观看纪录片等方式，了解不同文化之间的差异，提高应对跨文化沟通的能力。
3. 有效演讲商务英语考试中的演讲部分需要展示自己的表达能力和演讲技巧。
可以通过参加演讲培训班或者加入演讲俱乐部，提高自己的演讲能力和自信心。
三、备考技巧1. 制定合理的复习计划在备考BEC考试时，需要制定合理的复习计划，将复习内容分解为小目标，并合理安排每天的学习时间。
可以根据自己的实际情况，制定每天的学习计划，并坚持执行。
2. 多做模拟题BEC考试的题型比较固定，可以通过做模拟题来熟悉题型和提高解题能力。
商务英语II复习资料1.01版
2010年第二学期《商务英语II》期末考试资料1.01版题型：一、单项选择题二、阅读题三、翻译题四、写作题1、词汇[单项选择题]单词/词组释义freelance You sell your work or services to anumber of different companies.自由职业teleworking You work for a company from homevia email,phone or the Internet电子办公job-sharing You do your job for part of the weekand another person does it for the otherpart.分担工作shift work You work during different parts of theday(eg nights).轮班工作part-time You only work for some ot the week(notfull-time).兼职工作temping You work for different companies fora short time without a permanentcontract.临时工作consultancy You aren’t employed by a company,butare paid to give specialist advice.顾问公司；咨询公司flextime You work a number of hours per weekor month but you decide when you startor finish.弹性制工作hot-desking You don’t have a permanent place oroffice to work at,but you find a place towork when you arrive.办公桌轮用work for 为……而工作be involved in 涉及be responsible for 职责在于deal with 处理单词/词组释义report to 向……作报告be in charge of 主要负责，主管specialise in 专长于office gossip 办公室小道消息credit 赞扬，功劳managing director 总裁，总经理brainpower 智能worst-case 作最坏打算的，为最坏情况的，为最不利条件的scenario 事态，局面full-time 全日制的delegate 授权，分派工作availability 利用（或获得的）可能性，可以利用的人（物），人员、物资保证job-sharer 与人分担工作的人parental leave 父母假，育儿假，照顾新生儿女假distractions 让人注意力分散（分心）的事物contact 人脉，有影响的熟人，有用的社会关系disruptive 造成混乱的trade fair event 商品交易会drinks evening 晚间酒会coaching event 专项体验训练活动network 建立关系网socializing 参与社交，交际corporate world 商界co-chair 联合总裁、主席be spread out 分散在各地internal communication 内部交流post-it note 便条benefits 福利incentive 奖励pension 养老金days off 几天短假too good to be true 好得令人难以置信client service executive 客户服务主管take…with a pinch of salt 对……将信将疑breakout 突破encompass 包括，包含perk 好处，额外津贴budget 预算career goal 职业目标senior management 高层管理人员take after 与……相像2010年第二学期《商务英语II》期末考试资料1.01版熊伟2010年11月15日整理单词/词组释义take down 记下to be taken for 被误认为take off 打折take on 承担take for granted 认为……理所当然distribution centre 配送中心warehouse 仓库holding company 控股公司call centre 呼叫中心plant 工厂headquarter 总部subsidiary 子公司branch 分公司corporation 公司division 部门分支turnover 营业额，销售额innovative technology 创新技术chart 图表revenue 收入，收益research and development 研发mission statement 宗旨宣言，目标宣言fact sheet 情况说明书sole trader 独立法人，独立经销店partnership 合伙经营entrepreneurial spirit 企业家精神franchise 连锁店，特许经销权，特许经营set up 建立granting of a licence 同意发给许可证franchisor 授予特许者franchisee （公司的分店、零售店或联号商店的）特许经营者，加盟者branch out 拓展业务，使……分支出来charge 要价profit margin 利润率，利润幅度，利差launch 开办（新企业）ludicrous 荒谬的，可笑的charge one’s own prices 自行定价收费menu content 菜单的内容invest 投资venture 投资活动；商业冒险fee 费用online database 网上数据库subscription 订购，订阅2）The past 过去时Dear Sir or Madam,I（0）saw (see) your advert for the post of Client Services Executive in yesterday’s newspaper and I would like to apply for the position.As you can see from my attached CV,I （1）have been working (work) for my current company for over two years.I（2）joined (join) MacKintyre and Co in 2007 and since then,I （3）have had (have) many opportunities to develop my skills.However,I （4）have been considering (consider) a career change with a new challenge for a number of months and this seems like the perfect moment to make that move.I see from recent press reports that your company （5）has expanded (expand) its operations in China and therefore I would like to draw your attention to my degree in Oriental Studies and Mandarin which I（6）completed (complete) in bined with my current MBA,which I （7）have been studying (study) for part-time at the local university,I feel that I would be an asset to your company.Please also note that my current manager（8）has agreed (agree) to write a reference and can be contacted on 0207 857 6785.I look forward to hearing from you.Yours faithfullyDaniel Lewis3）Will and the future Will和将来时0 I’m just phoning to confirm that I will be / am in my office by ten.1 Don’t worry.I promise that I ’ll call / ‘m calling you back straight away.2 Inflation probably won’t rise / won’t have risen above three percent this year.3 We ’ll run / ‘re running seminars every day next week so I can’t take any time off,I’m afraid.4 After that,I ’ll have / ‘m going to have a rest in my room before this afternoon’s session starts.5 The hotel has a scheduled shuttle bus to the training centre.I think it is going to leave / leaves every half hour,but let me check for you.6 Security open / will be opening the building at eight tomorrow instead of nine.7 We begin at nine.So by the time he arrives at nine thirty,the first session will have started / will be starting.8 He says he ’s going to leave / ‘ll have left at three to catch a flight even though he knows it doesn’t finish until four.9 I’m sure you ’re receiving / ‘ll be receiving something in the post in the next couple of days,but I can check with my colleague if you like.4）Modals 情态动词1 Many viewers think the ASA should / can stop advertisers increasing the volume on TV commercials because it really annoys them.2 A:Sorry,I fogot to bring you the information you asked for.B:That’s OK.You didn’t need to / needn’t have.I found it on the Internet.3 They don’t have to / mustn’t use the same trademark as us.If they do,we’ll sue.4 Their lawyers should / must have told them not to take it to court because we never heard fromthem again.5 He couldn’t get / couldn’t have got through when he tried to call.6 She didn’t need to complain / needn’t have complained because eight other people also did.7 Consumers don’t have to / mustn’t buy the product.After all, nobody forces them!8 They shouldn’t / couldn’t have tried to defend the case. It was obvious they’d lose.5）Reporting 间接引语1 I am not happy with the arrangements.She said (that) she wasn’t / isn’t happy with the arrangements.2 We’re moving next week.He said they were moving the following week.3 We’ve planned everything.They said they had planned everything.4 I left the company in 2001.He said that he had left the company in 2001.5 I’ll call back at tomorrow.The caller said she would call back the next day.3、短文[阅读题]1.1 Read about job-sharing.Write these headings into each paragraph.Get organised Set your limitsPut pen to paper Two become oneOpen your mind Plan for disasterFind the perfect partner Don’t feel guiltyHow to job-shareWouldn’t it be nice if the working week finished on Wednesday？With a job-share it can.Here’s the essential guide to making it work.(0) Find the perfect partnerFind someone you like.‘Be prepared to communicate and share credit and blame,’says Carol Savage, the managing director of Flexecutive, a flexible working consultancy.(1) Open your mindBosses should consider requests for flexible working from employees with children under six. So embrace the benefits:‘Twice as much experience, skills, brainpower and energy,’Savage says.(2) Plan for disasterAlways discuss the worst-case scenarios.When Margaret Mills, a teacher, lost her job-share partner because of a family illness, a return to full-time work seemed inevitable.‘We had been over-optimistic. I did manage to find someone else who fitted in with me, but I was very lucky.’(3) Get organisedPlan the system for handing work over carefully and play to each other’s different strengths. Delegate the workload according to each other’s particular skills and qualities.(4) Set your limitsManagers should clarify what they expect in terms of hours, availability and results, and2010年第二学期《商务英语II》期末考试资料1.01版熊伟2010年11月15日整理employees should manage their employer’s expectations. Sue Osborn, a job-shaer for 21 years,says,‘We’re ofen asked to do five-day weeks. Eventually you just have to say no.’(5) Put pen to paperAgree in writing arrangements for holidays, parental leave, retirement, etc. Everyone should know where they stand from the beginning.(6) Don’t feel guiltyDo not work until I am at home to make up for not being in the office every day.(7) Two become oneClients may not like having to deal with two people working closely together. As Savage says:‘A job-share should be like a marriage – one voice,one unit.’1.2 Read the article below about some new networking groups specifically for businesswomen. Choose the best word A , B or C to fill the gap 1-10.1. A attending B going C meeting2. A ideas B sugar C money3. A department B company C group4. A work B charge C responsible5. A to B in C about6. A run B control C produce7. A speak B know C be8. A do B see C make9. A socialising B work C extra10. A talk B win C successLife’s all about making connectionsTo you, networking might mean (1) A a conference or trade fair event to meet new client or partners.Or it could be the coffee break at work where you share (2) A with colleagues in other departments. But nowadays networking has become an event in itself.For example, Pricewaterhouse Coopers offer its female staff a formal networking (3) C called PwCwomen. With 900 members, it organises events ranging from informal drinks evenings to coaching events. Tina Hallet, who is (4) C for the group, says that she got involved (5) B networking because ‘I’d got to a reasonably senior level and I wanted to help other people to maximise their potential.’You don’t have to be senior to (6) A a network though. Vicky Wood and Sally Hopkins had the idea for the City Girls Network when they first moved into London’s corporate world and wondered how to get to (7) B other women. ‘We couldn’t find anything for people with no experience. So we thought we’d start our own.’From twelve friends meeting regularly, it rapidly grew to 250 members from many different organisations. It’s a great way to (8) C useful contacts and bring in potential business.Fiona Clutterbuck is co-chair of a network for the bank ABN AMRO. ‘Women tend to think of networking as (9) A and give it low priority.’ But given the chance, women will network –as the bank’s last ‘speed networking’ event demonstrated. ‘With over 100 women and men, it was a great (10) C . It is amazing how many people you get to meet from different parts of theorganisation.’2.1-1 Read the article about Xerox.What benefits and incentives does the article mention for employees at Xerox?Anwser:There are four benefits and incentives below:1) Training and staff development.2) Opportunities for promotion.3) A final-salary pension scheme.4) A reward and recognition scheme.2.1-2 Choose the best answer, A, B or C for question 1-5 about the Xerox article.( B ) 1 The journalist of this article thinks thatA staff at Xerox are not telling the truth about the company.B Xerox offers great benefits to staff.C people haven’t worked at Xerox long enough to know if it’s a good company.( A ) 2 Where does the company tend to find its new managers?A From staff.B On training courses.C Only from graduates.( C ) 3 Why doesn’t Kim Moloney have her own desk?A Because she isn’t important enough.B Because there isn’t space at head office.C Because she often travels and is away on business.( B ) 4 As well as recognising its staff though promotion, XeroxA gives cash bonuses.B provides a number of perks.C gives unpaid leave to take trips of a lifetime.( C ) 5 One common feature of Xerox staff is that they tendA to work hard.B to get promoted.C not to change employer.Is working for Xerox too good to be true?What a lovely place Xerox is to work! Kim Moloney, a client services executive, can’t say enough nice things about her employer.‘It’s a very special environment,’she says.‘People describe Xerox as a family and I was amazed at the number of people who have worked here for so long.’It’s tempting to take Moloney’s comments with a pinch of salt, especially considering that when you’ve been working somewhere for only two years, as she has at Xerox, everyone seems old and established. But there’s truth behind her enthusiasm.Take Carole Palmer, the group resources director. She joined Xerox in 1978 as a temp and has been in her present role for seven years. ‘Xerox has been good to me over the years,’ she says. ‘It has supported me through qualifications ... and last year I took part in the vice-president2010年第二学期《商务英语II》期末考试资料1.01版熊伟2010年11月15日整理incumbent programme.’Human resources is taken seriously at Xerox, Palmer says, and the company has a policy of promoting from within (which would explain Moloney’s amazement at her colleagues’ longevity). The company takes on only fifteen to twenty graduates each year and Moloney was part of an intake who joined having already acquired a couple of years’ work experience.She started as a project manager for Xerox Global Services before moving into sales. Now her responsibility is to ‘grow and maintain customer relationships’.Moloney is based at the head office in Uxbridge. ‘It’s great in terms of working environment,’she says. ‘We’ve just got a new provider in the canteen and …we have brainstorming rooms and breakout areas.’Much of Moloney’s role is visiting clients, so she doesn’t have a permanent desk at head office. ‘I’m a hot-desker, which is good because you get to sit with different people in the hot-desk areas.And you’re given a place to store your things.’Head office staff numbers between 1,200 and 1,500 people, Palmer says. The company has four other main offices in the UK. The nature of the organisation, which encompasses sales and marketing, global services (the biggest division), development and manufacturing, means that the opportunities at the company vary from service engineers to sales roles and consultants.Perk include a final-salary pension scheme and various discount schemes.The reward and recognition scheme is a little different, and rather nice: ‘Each manager has a budget every year to recognise and reward staff,’ Palmer says. ‘It can be in the form of a meal for two, or a bottle of wine. It can be up to ￡1,000. There’s the recognition, and then there’s putting money behind it.’Moloney, however, likes the non-cash rewards. ‘Xerox takes care of all its staff but it also recognises the people who put in the added effort,’ she says. ‘It offers once-in-a-lifetime incentive trips, and recently I organised a sailing trip for my team.’The idea of working abroad with the company appeals to her, and she says that her career goal is to be part of the senior management team. Here’s another employee, it would seem, who is in it for the long haul.3.1-1 The table below lists things to remember if you are setting up a new businessas a soleWe wanna hold your handTake a big piece of business sense, add some entrepreneurial spirit and voilà! You have a franchise. Starting up a franchise could be a very clever move for those who want to run their own show but don’t have the experience or the desire to set up in the dangerous and often short-lived world of the sole trader.But it’s vital to know what you’re getting into. Franchising is ‘the granting of a licence by one person (the franchisor) to another (the franchisee) which entitles the franchisee to trade under the trademark or trade name of the franchisor and to make use of an entire package.’So is the main concept behind a franchise that of a compromise between setting up on your own and working for a company ? ‘Absolutely not,’says Dan Archer, head of marking at the British Franchise Association. ‘That’s a ludicrous over-simplification. It is running your own business, but it’s taking away some of the risk and bringing in the support of other people.’ He points out that only 0.9% of franchises fail, compared with the majority of individually owned businesses.But being a franchisee is unlikely to satisfy the most entrepreneurial. It doesn’t suit people who don’t want to follow the system. William Ewbank, the head of franchise sales at Domino’s Pizza, says, ‘If you’re massively entrepreneurail this isn’t for you. It’s a discipline, a club with rules.There is some independence – our franchisees can charge their own price although we’re strict on menu content. It’s running a business with help.’Astrid Patil, a new Domino’s franchisee, abandoned a career as a solicitor to set up a franchise with her husband. The way she reasons it is this: ‘Rather than putting all your time and effort into working for someone else, put it into your own business.’Leaving a well-paid, well-respected profession to run a pizza shop at the age of 31 has worked for Patil. There’s a good profit margin and the business has seen growth.Of course if you do decide to go it alone and start a business from nothing, you could always branch out into franchising.Archer says there is now a growth in the number of younger companies that are trying to launch new franchises. ‘An incredible number of individuals are coming in at a younger age with lower capital, getting a return and investing in bigger ventures.’ If the initial fee can be raised it’s an ideal opportunity to stretch those entrepeneurial wings.3.1-2 Now read about another small business. Complete the text with the underlined words in bold from the article on franchising.Tags that can end misery of lost luggageGlobalbagtag was (0) set up six years ago by husband-and-wife team Chris and Alison Truelove on their return from a holiday in Australia.The couple decided to (1) launch , which sells secure tags which travellers attach to their luggage. They started to (2)charge ￡9.95 per tag in the first year, followed by a ￡2.95 subscription (3) fee for the following years. Customers activate the tag online with their home address on an online database. If luggage is lost, the person who finds it can log on to the Globalbagtag website and report the missing items.Mr Truelove said: ‘We have seen a huge (4) growth in orders as travellers realise they cannot rely on the airlines to look after their bags. It is actually a very simple (5) concept .’Globalbagtag is now planning to (6) branch out into stickers for items including2010年第二学期《商务英语II》期末考试资料1.01版熊伟2010年11月15日整理mobile phones, MP3 players, keys and laptops.4.2 Read tips 1-7 below on how to delegate. Write in the missing heading A-G.A Tailor work to the individualB Be postiveC Give incentivesD Define the expectations and objectivesE Delegate complete tasksF Let goG Avoid misunderstandingHow to delegateNew managers often find it difficult to delegate the tasks they used to do. But getting others to do what you did so well is a key to good management.1A It should be challenging and make use of their specific skills that you may not have.2E This is much more satisfying for the person delegated to than bits and pieces. If people feel they have ownership of a whole manageable project, they will usually rise to the challenge.3C Don’t start by saying ‘I know you’re really busy and don’t have time for this, but …’Explain why the job is important and why you have chosen them. Also explain what the rewards are —possibly financial or psychological. 4D Specify what results are needed, the deadline, and how often the employee should update you.5G After you have briefed the person, ask them to explain back to you what they’re going to do to ensure the instructions are clear.6F Don’t check up on them. Make yourself available to answer questions but allow them space to work on their own.7B Give lots of praise, helpful feedback and constructive criticism. It boosts confidence and saves time next time.5.1 Read about a company that deals with art in the workplace. Complete the information with answers A, B, C or D.International Art Consultants(1) A in 1979, International Art Consultants has been sourcing and commissioning art (1)B for over 25 years.We work (3) D clients in the corporate, hotel, healthcare and urban regeneration (4) C . Our clients (5) A from multinational companies with ￡1 million art budgets to organizations renting art for just ￡10 a week. A (6) D of fourteen, we are small enough to care and large enough to cope.We offer a (7) D combination of commercial experience, specialist art knowledge and highquality service and support. Whatever the size of the project our (8) A is for all our clients to be 100% satisfied with the end result. Over 75% of our work comes from (9) D business or referrals.We work alongside professional artists who create art of the highest artistic and technical quality, and (10) B our staff have different areas of specialist art knowledge and expertise.We hope that you will (11) A an appointment to visit us, look round the galleries, use the visual reference databases, and discuss your particular art (12) C with us.1. A Founded B Set C Since D Last2. A international B worldwide C all D around3. A as B in C under D with4. A divisions B industries C sectors D sections5. A range B report C buy D supply6. A department B building C unit D team7. A original B mix C brand D unique8. A scope B aim C outcome D line9. A new B rental C reply D repeat10. A few B all C more D any11. A make B do C have D attend12. A insure B objectives C requirements D paintings4、短文翻译[翻译题]1.1 参考译文：如何分担工作一个工作周如能在周三结束，岂不乐哉？采用工作分担制即能使这一梦想成真。
大学商务英语复习要点.doc
大学商务英语复习要点.docUnit 1重点词汇conjure v.想象operation n.企业，公司neighborhood n.街区，街道，居民区financial adj.资金的，金融的anticipate v.预测resource n,财力，资源profit n,利润revenue n.收入，收益legitimate adj.合法的pursue v.追求distinguish v,区分,区别开agency n,部门,机构run v.管理，经营institution n.机构，团体distinct adj.不同的manufacturing n,生产，制造entertainment n.娱乐enterprise n.企业wholesaler n.批发商retailer n,零售商capitalistic adj.资本主义的survive v,继续生存，存活identify v.辨认，确认spot v.识出，找到promising adj,有希望的entrepreneur n.企业家characteristic n.特征，特点assume v,承担resourcefulness n.足智多谋，善于随机应变uncertainty n.不确定性stereotype v.对.... 抱有成见self-reliant adj.自信的，依赖自己的consensus n,共识acumen n.敏锐，洞察力innovation n.仓ij新indefinitely adv.无限期地，长期地stockholder n.股东charity n.慈善机构特殊词组commercial and industrial activities 商业与工业活动financial resources 财政资源legitimate right 合法权利industrial business 工?业企业commercial business 商业企业wholesaler 批发商retailer零仲商consumer choice 消费选择consumer needs 消费需求entrepreneur 企业家customer relations 客户关系business plan 商业计划business climate 商业环境stockholder 股东industrial activity 工业活动重要翻译“1.Does it conjure up images of successful corporations, such as General Motors and IBM? Or of less successful operations, such as Enron and Kmart?你的脑海里是否会浮现出成功的公司形象，如通用汽车公司和国际商用机器公司？或者是稍逊一等的企业，像安然和凯马特？2.Neither a snowblower shop in Florida nor a beach umbrella store in Alaska is likely to do very well.佛罗里达州的吹雪机商店或阿拉斯加州的沙滩遮阳伞商店都不可能销传得很好。
经贸英语Unit2
Unit 2 Business Background Check
Reading A
投资者被某公司骗数百万美元的报道屡见不鲜。因此， 确定合作伙伴有好的信誉尤为重要，而进行商业背景调查是 最常用的一种方法。下面是进行商业背景调查的基本步骤： （1）调查公司基本信息 调查公司的基本信息通常应从公司所在地区开始，特别是对 于小公司来说，因为这里可能是信息的唯一来源。所有的公 司都必须遵守当地的法律法规，因为他们是植根于此的。调 查可以从城市记录入手，它们提供有关公司的起源、逃税情 况、起诉判决以及违法行为等信息。这些信息正常都向查询 者公开。
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2. What do you think is the most important part of a business
Unit 2 Business Background Check
Reading A
There are more and more news stories about companies that defraud investors of millions of dollars. Therefore, it is important to be certain that the company you are intending to establish a relation with is reputable and the usual practice to do so is to run a business background check. In order to do this, the following straightforward steps are recommended: (1) Finding Basic Information of a Company Always start at the local level, especially for a small company, as this may be the only source of information available. All companies must conform to local laws or codes since they are essentially rooted in a community. City records are a good place to start. They will provide the information about the origin of the business, tax evasion, judgments filed or actions against the business. The information is normally public and available to all who ask.
外经贸资料2
话题类型分类：一利弊型（通常要求讨论一个现象的利与弊）例如：What are the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear technology?(必须要讨论一个现象（核心词）的两个方面)What are the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear technology associated with its use?(2)（现在的趋势）To what extent do you agree the advantages of nuclear technology outweigh its disadvantages?(2)(最容易引起误解)优点：Advantage /merit/pro//boon/strength/benefit/strongpoints/virtues缺点：Disadvantage/demerit/con/bane/drawback/risk/flaw/blemish/defect二To what extent do you agree or disagree?1 It has been more than 30 years since man first landed on the moon, some people think that it is a waste of money, to whatextent do you agree or disagree?(一个观点、一个关键词）2Some people think it is more important to pay attention to the building's purpose than its appearance. Do you agree or disagree?（一个观点（暗含了两个观点），两个关键词）What is your opinion?（讨论两个完全不同的观点）1 In order to improve the quality of education, high school students should be encouraged to evaluate and criticize their teachers, but some people think it will result in loss of respect and discipline in classroom. Discuss both views and give your opinion.（两个观点，一个关键词）2Some people think that teachers should be responsible for teaching students how to judge right and wrong and how to behave well. Some say that teachers should only teach students academic subjects. Discuss both views and give your opinion. （两个观点，两个关键词）文章布局：一，对称式：万能模式第一种情况：题干中有一个观点（四段）Topic: some people think that smoking should be banned completely, to what extent do you agree or disagree?1 点题+ 观点（不一定给出）2 正方3 反方4 总结+ 观点题干中有一个观点（五段）Topic: some people think that smoking should be banned completely, to what extent do you agree or disagree?1 点题+ 观点（不一定给出）2 正方13正方23 反方4 总结+ 观点第二种情况：题干中有两个观点（四段）Some people think it is more important to pay attention to the practical courses than academic courses. Do you agree or disagree?1 点题+ 观点（不一定给出）2 A方3 B方（先承认其合理性，再进行反驳）4 总结+ 观点题干中有两个观点（五段）Some people think it is more important to pay attention to the practical courses than academic courses. Do you agree or disagree?1 点题+ 观点（不一定给出）2 A 方13A方23 B 方（先承认其合理性，再进行反驳）4 总结+ 观点题干中有两个观点（五段）Some people think it is more important to pay attention to the practical courses than academic courses. Do you agree or disagree?1 点题+ 观点（不一定给出）2 A 方3B 方4 A 方+ B 方5 总结+ 观点二，一面倒，有条件的模式，通常写5段，难度大而且不够客观条件：题干中有一个观点，以to what extent do you agree or disagree 结尾切记！！！例如：some people think that smoking should be banned completely, do you agree or disagree?1 点题+ 观点（必须给出）2 正方13正方24 正方35 总结+ 观点逻辑的设计：题干中有一个观点：原因法：As a result of sth/ the fact thatOn account of sth/ the fact thatIn the interest of sthFor the sake of sth + 点题+ 观点Some countries are making efforts to develop new energies(wind energy, solar energy), do you agree or disagree?As a result of the fact the world is undergoing the serious energy crisis, many countries are endeavoring to explore new energies, say, wind energy, solar energy. However, long-term consideration has told us that this practice is well-grounded/ungrounded.3 Some people think that the Internet can bring variouskinds of information to school children, so schools and colleges and teachers are no longer playing an important role in modern education. To what extent do you agree or disagree?With the introduction of on-line teaching, there are an increasing number of people who advocate the teaching format in virtual reality, contending that the Internet is a powerful tool for students to facilitate their studies. Irreversible as the trend might be, the suggestion that the current method of classroom instruction should be replaced with E-learning is hardly tenable.题干中有个两个观点（双关键词）：对话题进行反问+话题的引入（大家最爱用的模式，但一定要小心。
商务英语2期末复习范围
1.She accessed three different files to find the correct information.2.The time has come for the film to consolidate after several years of rapid expansion.3.Please write to confirm your reservation ,i.e.send a letter to support a booking made by telephone.4. The company is in debt to the extent of 20000 dollars.They are faced with the situation of bankruptcy.5.It is absolutely vital that the matter is kept secret,so be sure not to have anyone else know it.6.Do your have sufficient fund to conduct the experiment which you have been doing for a few months?7.Please ensure that all the lights are switched off at night before you leave the laboratory.8.They have made great achievement in meeting their export targets this year.9. He has bought an up to date dictionary published by Oxford University press.10.You will be informed when the book becomes available ,so please leave your address to us.11. Although they come from different family background,they both have similar tastes in music.12. They are compiling statistics for a report on traffic accidents in the past three years.13. The two substances are now in contact with each other,and a chemical reaction is occurring.14. As we all know,he is a man hard to deal with.we don't like him at all.15. She has nothing to complain as to her salary,for she has a well-paid job.1.The sales representative achieved only half of what I’d hoped to do.2.Her principal objective was to become a scientist with international fame.3.The sales manager bought a book for me, which is arguably a potential best seller.4.Nick felt that nothing he did would satisfy his new demanding boss.5.The company is in the process of moving to new office.6.He was trying his best to develop a national corporation into a worldwide business.7.His recent excellent performance has established himself as the most influential football player in his team.8.The US has so far been extremely unwilling to involve itself in the crisis in Bosnia.9.The restaurant【charged】us $40 for the wine which was actually only $8 in the supermarket.10.I have something【personal】to discuss with you if you are available at 5in the afternoon.11.Mahler’s music was a【major】influence on the young composer.12.London is a well-known city which is【known as】being foggy.13.It would be wise to【insure】your large property against storm damage.14.He keeps asking lot of questions【referring to】yesterday’s lecture over the dinner table.15.Such measures are【vital】to national security in our country.1.Needless to say in these cases the buyer and the seller must assume any respective risk of export andimport prohibition.2.After our careful investigation , we were assured that everything possible was being done.3.After their respective investigation , the two independent investigators have reached virtually the sameconclusions.4.All the staff make copies of their computer disks as a safeguard against accident.5.His second novel established his fame as a writer , after that he became a well-know writer of his age.6.The design and styles of these products are as per current fashions , which are popular in the market .7.As their teacher has n’t instructed them where to go , the students have to wait for instruction .8.I have authorized him to act for me while I am away ; you may contact him if necessary be .9.I haven’t got a car ,so I have to depend on the buses to go to work every day.10.We are sorry to inform you that the listed terms of payment don’t correspond to customary businesspractice .11.The term market differs from the term “marketing” . The former refers to a place where people buyingand selling meet , while the latter shows a theory and practice of commercial selling .12.It was stipulated that the goods should be delivered within three days .13.No work is done in the scientific sense of the word when a man is standing and holding a weight. Thus,the force which is applied results in no work.14.The buyer and the seller must respectively undertake any risk of export and import prohibition.15.They were determined to carry out the tasks assigned them no matter what obstacles they would have toface.1.Personal feelings should not come into play when one has to make business decisions.2.The tension in this city was building up quickly as the crises approached.3.The terrible accident that happened yesterday resulted in the death of two passengers.4.The Children’s Palace in Shanghai is recreation center catering for children from 7 to 17 years old.5.The people put up their right hands to signify that they agreed with the speaker.6.When the revolutionary situation changes revolutionary tactics must change accordingly.7.The nurses are working carefully at the hospital for they know that good care can prolong a sick person’slife.8.He has acquired a good knowledge of French after living in France for years.9.Our presumption is that there would be no survivors,but the case is different.10.She seemed greatly reassured after conversing with Professor Smith.11.Though it is customary to tip waiters in your country,it is not so widely accepted in china.12.The teacher suggested that we should give up these tactics which are unlikely to help you.13.Our business segments operate across four regions. Their activities are supported by a number of keycorporate functions.14.The authorities relaxed restrictions on foreign at the beginning 2007, them from having to apply forpermission to travel and conduct interviews.lions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new skills…they can keep a favorablein job market.1. A cook who changes recipe or even makes one is using the ……novel taste sensation.2.This fear mechanism is critical to the survival of all animals ,but no one can say for surewhether …..know they’re afraid.3.Many papers describing special features of roll deposits have been written in the last five or six years.4.Therefore, I do not hesitate to recommend him as an ideal candidate for the post you advertised.5.The rapid development of our mother country and the remarkable growth in our income make goingabroad to study available,which is almost impossible to average Chinese student in the past.6.Fully prepared candidates lost nearly 5% to 10% of the full scores ….because they underestimate theirown abilities , on the one hand…..7.Sincerity ,a deep genuine ,heart felt sincerity is a trait of true and noble manhood.8.Few Americans attributed this solely to such …..or the turning of the business.9.Share the dream falls within Olympic……“one world one dream” slogan.10.While studying he can focus his attention to his work ,..out the noise outside.11.We went over every detail of his story in an effort to discover whether was ture or not.12.Having …..in this city …..we task the liberty of acquainting you of it and solicit the preference of yourorder.13.This echo-location in bats is often compared with rader,…which is similar.14.Sartre’s particular interest is in what he sees as the …..one human ..and another.15.Some other people may prefer reading ..or newspapers.what I want to emphasize is that no matter whatyou are interest in…1.It is a paradox that such a rich country should have ..poor people living in it.2.The husband cast her in a leading part when she was a young of 16.3.My husband loves..life while I enjoy a more domestic life.4.The Sahara Desert is a natural barrier between …and …Africa.5.She never took a taxi ,even though she could afford to.6. A new secretary is a quick, efficient worker ,and the boss…7.Emotional or mental problems can arise from a physical caues.8.Whereas we went a flat ,they would rather live in a house.9.In addition to these arrangements ,extra …..will be on duty until midnight.10.He studied the German market to find … there for profitable11.It didn’t occur to him that his wife was having a affair.12.She tried in vain to point out to him the …his action.13.The management wanted some 250 workers to give up their incentive pay,which would have cut ….$5 aman.14.In order to maintain ……eat ..food and get sufficient exercise.15.The manager tried to even out the distribution of work among his employees.1.The majority of the citizens would stay at home to spend their holiday.2.His early works were very popular with ….circles.3.At the beginning ,his mainly invested money …he has []his business to keep the pace.4.His casual clothes were not [appropiate] for such a occasion.5.It is reported that the …….will to monument and [deliver]address to the press.6.Every Chinese knows that Taiwan is a [inseparable]part of china.7.He was pointed to [represent] our school to attend the …8.Hearing the news ,she didn’t say a word ,and just nodded her head [indicating]9.He told me he liked drawing the [rout] on the map …was in England.10.If you want to mark your opinion sound ,you must [specity]the reasons ..11.Exceptional talent does not always win its reward [unless]12.A big ..may bring you the [temporary]comfort,but ..can give happiness.13.There is a little doubt that [immediate]action14.Solving problems in the help you to understand other people’s feeling and learn to be[considerate]15.Inflation could affect china’s ….has put a high [priority]on curbing price hikes.1.channel of distribution分销渠道2.marketing mix 营销组合3.manufacturing cost 生产成本4.market decision 市场决策5.market development 市场开发6.market leadership 市场领导7.market niches市场缺口8.market penetration市场渗透9.market-positioning strategy市场定位战略10.market share市场份额11.marketer市场营销人员12.marketing approach市场营销方法13.marketing concept市场营销概念14.marketing department市场营销部15.marketing function市场营销功能16.price cutting 削价17.product development 产品开发18.trading profit 营业利润19.advertising 广告推销20.cash flow现金流modity商品petition竞争23.determinant决定因素24.distribution分销25.economy of scale规模经济26.brand name 品牌名27.brand strategy 品牌战略28.consumer 消费者29.consumption消费30.contractual cost合同费用31.counterstrategy对策32.customer benefits顾客利益33.DMU决策机构34.Dumping倾销35.entry strategy进入市场战略36. financial resources金融资源37.product range产品范围38.profit margin利润率39.promotion促销40.target market目标市场41.standardization标准化 42.ordinary brand大众品牌1.They will find out who did it whether or not you tell them so you’d better explain to them about it.2.We have decided that whether there is any telephone questionnaire or not we are carrying out the market survey.3.Tell me whether you are interested or not in developing a new product for our firm.4.The chairman intends to know whether the market research can give him a powerful piece of information or not1.The idea is not to find out if someone will buy your product, but that there is continuous.2.He is not a engineer, nor a manager, not a salesman, but a physics professor in an university.3.You’ve bought the wrong shirt. It’s not the red one I wanted but the blue.4.It is well known that the famous film star is not single, but married.1.The small business owners well aware that they are unlikely to involve compete with big companies.2.The market research everyone, every store or every product.3.As their best player is absent, their team is unlikely to win the game.4.She is unlikely to tonight because she has to meet a client.1.This communication between buyer and seller known as marketing.2.The producers who establish these prices are known a price leaders.3.Samuel Clemens, who was known became a famous American writer.4. As we know, Kent is know as the garden of England.As far as the buyer is concerned (就买方而言),he needs to be assured of the cargo supplied.As far as the modes of payments are concerned(就国际惯例的付款方式而言)it can be divided into three categories as remittance , collection and letter of credit.As far as inner paking is concerned (就内包装而言) , we use a beautifully designed gift box ,and you will find them ideal for gift presenting.On cash with order, so as to get a five percent discount (为了得到百分之五的折扣)we have to pay when we order.Banks are allowed to buy and sell foreign exchange freely so as to meet the needs of international banking business.(为了满足国际银行业务的需求)The teacher explained the question again so as not to be misunderstood(为了不会产生误会).It is must be remembered (必须记住)that the costs of the L/C differ from bank to bank.It is the general practice that (按一般惯例)the insurance be covered in the covered in the same currency as in the letter of credit.It is well know that (众所周知)paper was first made by Chinese.。
对外经贸大学区域经济学专业考研复习全套资料(doc 28页)
对外经贸大学区域经济学专业考研复习全套资料(doc 28页)对外经贸大学资料明细★001国际经济贸易学院对外经贸大学区域经济学专业考研复习全套资料（最新资料）815经济学综合一、历年真题1、815经济学综合：2006-2010年5套，其中08-2010年专业英语没有提供答案，其余均有详细答案。
2、06年经济类统考之前的真题：国际贸易综合：99-05年7套+99-05年答案7套，99-04年的专业英语部分的答案单独列出来了。
411金融学综合试题00-05年6套+00-05年答案6套。
金融学院金融学专业真题：02-07年6套，答案：02-05年共4套；世界经济综合真题：04-07年4套，没有提供答案；国民经济学真题：05年1套，包含详细答案3、05年部分真题解析一本，购买全套赠送此项。
历年真题主要用来研究考研的考点，重点和出题思路，为考研必备参考资料。
所有真题均为复印版全部真题：68.00注：真题不单独出售某一年份二、考研笔记、讲义、授课课件1、对外经贸微观经济学笔记一本，本校优秀考研生在考研期间整理，整理了考研考点和重点，条例系统。
复印版，31页；30.002、对外经贸宏观经济学笔记一本，本校优秀考研生在考研期间整理，整理了考研考点和重点，条例系统。
复印版，23页；20.003、对外经贸西方经济学辅导班笔记一本，最后一届官方举办辅导班，分章整理了考点和重点，答题技巧等，复印版，14页；20.004、高鸿业西方经济学笔记一本，分章整理了每章重要知识点内容，打印版，40页；30.005、商务英语翻译教案一本，对外经贸本科教案，非常重要。
打印版，45页；35.006、商务英语阅读教案一本，对外经贸本科教案，非常重要。
打印版，共143页；50.007、微光经济学（平狄克）授课课件，英文版，PPT格式，授课老师参与出题，帮助考生把握出题思路，光盘邮寄；20.008、宏观经济学（多恩布什）授课课件，中文版，PPT格式，授课老师参与出题，帮助考生把握出题思路，光盘邮寄；20.009、西方经济学（高鸿业）授课课件，包括宏微观，PPT 格式，授课老师参与出题，帮助考生把握出题思路，光盘邮寄；20.0010、微光经济学（平狄克）课后习题答案中文版和英文版，电子版，光盘邮寄；订购全套赠送此项。
模板资料：商务英语复习资料 2.0
商务英语复习资料一、简答题1、写作阶段Plan(5W1H)-Organize-Draft-Revise-Edit2、5CComplete (5w1h) Cohesive (TS,SS,transitions) Clear Concise Courteous（4p）3、信的必要部分p 14Business letters include date, inside address,salutation,body,complimentary close, and signature 4、正式报告的序言包括哪些内容p87Cover, title fly, title page, letter of authorization, letter of acceptance, letter of transmittal, executive summary, table of contents, list of illustrations5、Title page 需要写什么p87The title of the reportThe name, title, and address of the person or organization that the report is prepared forThe name, title, and address of the person and organization that prepare the reportThe date on which the report is submitted6、Transmittal letter最大的特点p89conversational tone（informal）7、解释SOFARSalutation(Dear Mr/Mrs/Ms/Miss根据双方的关系formal/informal ) Opening(background+purpose) Facts(Reader’s information) Action(Reader’s response) Remarks(Polite closing)8、Meeting material的特点p67Accurate, complete, clear二、MemoMemo有三种types，如下：Figure A (多数使用)To:_______From:______ (no title)Date:______Subject:_______ （名词表达标题）Figure BDate:______To:_______From:______Subject:_______Figure CDate:______To:_______From:______Trough:_______ (supervisor’s name)Subject:_______Memo结构：1. Opening：brief introduction of message, emphasizing the purposeSample:1) Please contact the HR department for detailed information about the new pension plan designed for different age groups.2) In response to your request, School has decided to change the shuttle busroute and stops to make it more convenient for most bus riders.3) the company has not solved the dispute with our business partner who holds all the forms needed to get your reimbursement of medical expenses in November and December in 2006. 2. Body: reasons, details, or explanations that support the main ideaUse numbers, bullets, or tables to manage the informationSample:1)this plan provides you with a convenient method to save money for your retirement. Note the advantages of this form of savings.·AD1·AD2...2)(改变的结果)... Here are the stops and the arrivals time:TABLE3)reasons, details, or explanations that support the main idea3.Closing: urge for action(what you expects readers to do, when to finish, or how)/ simple concluding thoughtSample:1)you need to decide how much you want to save each month within the limit of each age group and complete the forms at the HR department. Once the form is completed and signed, your pension plan becomes automatic.I will answer any questions you have.2)please tell your colleagues who might miss this memo about the changes. I apologize to the few people for causing any inconvenience.3)Please hold all the receipts until you are noticed. We apologize for the delay and any inconvenience brought to you and your family. Contact me if you have any question or difficulty.Attention:Choose simple words; avoid wordy sentences三、Letter结构：Salutation Introduction Main body ConclusionAttention：full block, punctuation(dear & sincerely)可以复习下transition words用于写作opening（thanks to/dated to）Salutation(Dear Mr/Mrs/Ms/Miss根据双方的关系formal/informal )Opening(background+purpose) Facts(Reader’s information) Action(Reader’s response) Remarks(Polite closing：thank you for your corporations )Transision可以使用句子承上启下总结上文attention：as soon as不建议使用要使用具体时间Appendix: Transition wordsAddition:furthermore, moreover, too, also, in the second place, again, in addition, even more, next, further, last, lastly, finally, besides, and, or, nor, first, second, secondly, etc. a further, additionally, again, also, and, and then, another, as well, aside from, aside from this, besides, coupled with, equally important, even more, finally, further, furthermore, in addition, in addition to, in due course, incidentally, more important, neither ... nor ..., next to that, not only ... but ..., not only ... but also ..., not only this, but this as well, not to mention, on top of that, once again, once more, or, other, over again, plus, together with, what is moreAlternative:alternatively, among, another, between, either ... or ..., else, instead, neither ... nor ..., on the one hand ... on the other hand ..., or, rather, whether, whether or not Cause:because, on account of, since, for that reason, and so, as, as a result, as for, as for those, because of, being that, different from this, due to, for that, for the reason that, for as much as, given that, hence, henceforth, if ... then ..., in response to, in spite of, in that case, in the end, in view of, inasmuch as, now that, on account of, over all, owing to, seeing that, since, so, so that, that is why, therefore, thus, ultimately Chain:basically ... similarly ... as well ..., because ... therefore ..., first ... second ... third ..., generally ... furthermore ... finally ..., in the first place ... also ... lastly ..., just in the same way ... finally ..., just then, lastly, namely, not . . . but, on the one hand ... on the other hand ..., or both, pursuing this further ... finally ..., so forth, so on, sometimes ... but not always ..., the former ... the latter ..., to be sure ... additionally ... lastly ... Clarification:that is to say, to clarify, in other words, to rephrase it, to explain, to put it another way, actually, another way, especially, for instance, i.e., in particular, in this case, mainly, namely, one case that, particularly, specifically, that is, up to a point Combinations:after a while, after all, another time, apart from, as shown above, as though, at present, but despite a, but even with, but now, by contrast, by that time, even after, for all, for some time, just because, long after, more often, once all, over the years, since then, so often, to put it in another way, until recentlyCommon Adverbs:absolutely, after all, barely, basically, clearly, coincidentally, concurrently, eventually, fortunately, hardly ever, interestingly, mostly, naturally, obviously, presently, respectively, suddenly, surely, tellingly, truly, typicallyComparison:in the same way, by the same token, likewise, similarly, in similar fashion, alike, also, although, another ... like, as ... as ..., but, by comparison, by the same token, compared to, conversely, even, in similar, in the same way, less than, meanwhile, merely, more ... than ..., on the other hand, rather, rather than, up against, whereas Concession:to be sure, of course, it is true, admittedly, after all, albeit, all the same, although, and yet, at any rate, but even so, despite of, even so, even though, granted that, however, in any case, in spite of, totally, nevertheless, nonetheless, regardless of, still, though, yetConclusion:in conclusion, to conclude, finally, all in all, as a final point, as a result, at last, consequently, finally, hence, if not, if so, implies that, in that case, in the end, last but not least, lastly, otherwise, that being the case, then, therefore, thus, ultimately, under those circumstancesCondition:as long as, as such, even if, given that, if, in case, in the event that, on condition that, on the condition that, only if, provided that, so long as, unless, whether ... or... Continuation:as, as far as, in the same way, last of all, not long after, so far, thus far, together with, up to now, with respect toContrast:yet, on the contrary, but, and yet, in contrast, however, nevertheless, though, nonetheless, on the other hand, otherwise, after all, at the same time, by way of contrast, conversely, ironically, paradoxically, still though, when in fact, whereas, while, yet after all, all the same, although, as opposed to, but, but at the same time, despite, different from, even though, for all that, instead, nevertheless, on the contrary, on the one hand ... on the other hand ..., some ... others ..., still, then ... now ..., thoughDeduction:and so, and then, if not, if so, in other words, in that case, otherwise, then, this implies that, when in fact, while this is trueEffect or result: therefore, thus, consequently, hence, accordingly, as a result, accordingly, finally, for this reason, hence, if and only if, in consequence, so, thus Emphasize:above all, absolutely, always, as ... as ..., as a matter of fact, by all means, certainly, definitely, even that, for sure, ..., forever, in any case, in fact, indeed, mainly, more importantly, more specifically, naturally, never, nevertheless, obviously, of course, particularly, peculiarly, positively, specifically, surely, surprisingly, undoubtedly, unquestionably, whatsoever, without a doubt, without reservationEvidence and Proof:a significant, all things considered, another possibility would be, another significant, as a, as can be expected, at the end of, by similar argumentation, evidently, for the same reason, for this reason, given these facts, in accordance with, in agreement, in all instances, in fact, in simple terms, in such cases, in terms of, in the final analysis, in the overall analysis, in view of, most importantly, of greatest significance, on this basis, one ... such, since, such a case, surprisingly, that is, the role of, thereof, this coincides with, this implies thatExample:a case in point, an example of, another example of, as an illustration, as demonstrated by, e.g., especially, for example, for instance, for one thing, in another case, in fact, in particular, in this case, in this situation, namely, on this occasion, particularly, specifically, such, such as, take the case of, that is, the following example Exception:aside from, despite, however, in spite of, nevertheless, nonetheless, once in a while, sometimes, still, yetExemplification or Illustration:to illustrate, as an illustration, to demonstrate, specifically, for example, for instance Generalization:as a general rule, as a rule, as a rule of thumb, as usual, by induction, for the most part, generally, generally speaking, in most cases, more generally, on the whole, ordinarily, usuallyImportance:above all, chiefly, for the most part, largely, last but not least, least, less important, mainly, more important, most important, most of all, predominantly, primarily, principallyIntensification:indeed, undoubtedly, certainly, by all means, surely, without doubt, of course, in fact Introduction:admittedly, as an illustration, as in the case of, assuredly, at first glance, at this level, certainly, concerning the ..., first and foremost, first of all, for example, for instance, for one thing, generally speaking, in all likelihood, in general, in my opinion, in particular, in this situation, likewise, such as, to illustrate, with regard to, with respect toLogical:for this reason, from now, henceforth, henceforward, in other words, in that case, it is true that, otherwise, provided that, thereby, whether ... or ...Phrases:as was previously stated, at the very least, at this point, but even more, by all means, by means of, by the time, either…or…, both, fi rst and most importantly, for the most part, generally speaking, given these facts, in light of, in the following, in the subsequent, last but not least, once in a while, to a lesser extent, to change the topic, to get back to the pointPlace-Location and Description:above, across, across from, adjacent to, ahead, along, alongside, amid, at, at the rear, at the side, away from, below, beneath, beside, beyond, closer to, down, eastward, elsewhere, far, far off, farther on, forward, further on, here, hereupon, in back of, in front of, in the back, in the background, in the distance, in the forefront, in the foreground, in the front, in the middle, inside, into, near, nearby, neighboring, northerly, on, on the side, onto, opposite to, out of, out of sight, outside, over there, side by side, somewhere, southerly, straight ahead, surrounding, there, through, throughout, to the side of, toward the middle, underneath, upon, upright, upside down, wherever, within sightPurpose:because of this, for fear that, for this purpose, in order that, in order to, in the hope that, so that, with the goal of, with this in mind, in order that,Qualification:almost, perhaps, never, nearly, maybe, always, probably, although, although, frequently, may be, might, probablyQuantifiers:a bit of, a couple of, a few, a good deal of, a great deal of, a lack of, a little, a lot of, all, all of the, as much as, at least, enough, evenly, few, less than, lesser, little, little by little, lots of, many, minus, more, more than, most, most of the, much less, much more, none, none of the, not much, plenty ofReference:according to, as acknowledged, as for, as part of, as told by, away from, by far, concerning this, considering this, how, in respect to, in this regard, in this respect, on the subject of, other than that, regarding, speaking about, that, the fact that, therefore, Vis-à-vis, with regard toReformulation:as I have noted, as I stated, as indicated above, as noted earlier, in brief, in other words, in short, in summary, let me rephrase it, on the whole, put differently Reservation:admittedly, despite, even so, even though, indeed, nevertheless, notwithstanding, regardlessResumption:all the same, anyhow, anyway, as I was saying, at any rate, by the way, either, either way, in either case, incidentally, to change the subject, to change the topic, to get back to the point, to resume, to return to the subject, whatever, whichever Sequence:after, afterward, again, also, and, at first, at this point, before this, consequently, finally, first of all, first, second, third, etc., for a start, hence, in the end, in the first place, initially, later on, next, previously, secondly, simultaneously, still, subsequently, then, therefore, thirdly, thus, to begin with, tooSimilarity:analogous to, as, by the same token, correspondingly, equally, in alike manner, in the same fashion, in the same way, just as, just as ... so too, just as ... too ..., kind of, likewise, other things equal, outwardly, seemingly, similarly, sort of, unlike Summary:all together, altogether, anyway, as has been mentioned, as I have said, as I stated, to summarize, in short, in brief, in sum, in summary, to sum up, as it was previously stated, as mentioned earlier, as we have seen, briefly, by and large, given these facts, given these points, in all, in conclusion, in other words, on the whole, overall, so, summing up, to make a long story short, to put it briefly,Time:after, afterward, afterwards, ago, along the way, always, as long as, at first, at last, at least, at length, at once, at one time, at that time, at the same time, back then, before, before long, beforehand, currently, during, earlier, eventually, finally, first of all, first, second, third, etc., following, forever, formerly, from now on, immediately, immediately before, immediately following, in due time, in the end, in the future, inthe long run, in the meantime, in the short run, initially later, meantime, meanwhile, most recently, never, next, now, nowadays, often, once, previously, prior to, right now, shortly, shortly after, simultaneously, since, since then, so far, so long, sometimes, soon, soon afterward, soon then, subsequently, then, thereafter, this time, till now, until, until now, up to, very soon, when, whenever, while, immediately, never, after, later, earlier, always, when, soon, whenever, meanwhile, sometimes, in the meantime, during, afterwards, now, until now, next。
国际商务英语学科考试复习要点(L1-L2)
国际商务英语学科考试复习要点Lesson 1 International Business商务术语：FDI GDP BOT patent copyright value chain franchising考点：国际商务贸易的主要类型（major types of international business）A．Trade（贸易）：a. commodity trade (商品贸易,也叫有形贸易visible trade )b. service trade (服务贸易, 也叫无形贸易invisible trade)B. Investment (投资): a. foreign direct investment (FDI 外国直接投资)b. portfolio investment (证券投资)C. Other types (其他类型): a. licensing and franchising (国际许可与特许经营)b. management contract and contract manufacturing (管理合同和承包生产)翻译练习:1.随着经济全球化的发展,无形贸易即使在发展中国家的国际贸易中所占的比例也逐渐增大With the development of economic globalization, invisible trade accounts for an increasing proportion of the world trade even in the developing countries2.BOT是“交钥匙”工程的一种流行的变通形式BOT is a popular variant of the turnkey projectLesson 2 Income Level and the World Market商务术语:GNP PPP ( purchasing power parity 购买力平价) Staple goods (大路货)creditor country ( 债权国)考点:国民生产总值和国内生产总值(GNP 和GDP)GNP: refers to the market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economyGDP: refers to the market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy.Per capita income (人均收入): It is calculated by dividing its national income by its population Triad and Quad (三方组合和四方组合): A. United StatesB. Western EuropeC. JapanD. Canada翻译练习:1.国民生产总值和国内生产总值体现了一个国家的全部收入,在衡量国民收入方面可以互换使用。
对外经贸大学考研题库
对外经贸大学考研题库对外经济贸易大学是中国著名的经济类院校，其考研题库通常涵盖经济学、国际贸易、金融学、商务英语等多个专业领域。
考研题库的目的是为了帮助考生更好地准备研究生入学考试，提高解题技巧和专业知识。
考试内容概述对外经济贸易大学的考研题库一般包括以下几个部分：1. 经济学基础：包括微观经济学和宏观经济学的基本原理、市场结构、价格机制、消费者行为、生产者行为等。
2. 国际贸易理论与实务：涉及国际贸易的基本理论、贸易政策、国际市场分析、贸易协定等内容。
3. 金融学：包括货币银行学、金融市场与金融机构、金融工具和金融风险管理等。
4. 商务英语：测试考生的商务英语阅读、写作、翻译和口语能力。
5. 数学与统计：包括高等数学、线性代数、概率论与数理统计等基础数学知识。
题库特点- 覆盖面广：题库内容覆盖了对外经贸大学考研的主要科目和知识点。
- 题型多样：包括选择题、简答题、计算题、案例分析题等，全面考察考生的理论知识和实践应用能力。
- 难度适中：题库中的题目难度与实际考试相匹配，有助于考生逐步提高解题能力。
备考建议- 系统复习：考生应系统复习相关课程的基础知识，确保对概念和原理有深刻理解。
- 练习题库：通过练习题库中的题目，熟悉考试题型和解题思路。
- 模拟考试：定期进行模拟考试，检验复习效果，及时调整备考策略。
- 关注时事：对于国际贸易和金融学等专业，考生需要关注相关的时事新闻，了解最新的经济动态和政策变化。
结束语考研是一个系统工程，需要考生有计划、有条理地进行复习。
对外经济贸易大学的考研题库是一个很好的复习资源，希望每位考生都能从中受益，最终取得理想的成绩。
同时，考生也应该结合自己的实际情况，制定适合自己的复习计划，确保备考效果。
祝愿所有考生考研顺利，未来可期。
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Test for unit 11.on, in, about, on, of, in, at2. e f c d a b3.nutshell, beat, point, purposes, brick, picture, wrong, tail, different, hear4. A C B A A C B C A B5.hesitant fluent extrovert coherent persuasive inhibited concise ramble6. A C B C A B D B D A7. C实际上，谈生意一般最好是面对面，如果做不到，那就通过电话谈。
通过电子邮件，你更容易表达强硬的态度、以无力的借口逃避惩罚、编造故事或拒绝他人。
必须承认的是，在传输文档和数据这一点上，电子邮件难觅对手。
就与相隔遥远的商界熟人保持联系而言，电子邮件可谓一种极其经济的工具。
它还是一种既慎重又直接的向权重人士进行推销的绝妙方式。
Test for unit 21.global / culture/ consumption/ chains/engine /papers/ gross/ staff/ standards2.income distribution/ monetary regulations / buying habit/ political stabilitygovernment bureaucracy/ economic situation /niche market/ focus group3. b c b c d c c a c a4.consumer protection laws inspiring team leadershipcustomer relationship management sustainable competitive advantagean upmarket distribution outlet A travel insurance claim formnew product development strategies informal market research methodsA 24-hour global satellite news channel An increasingly volatile mobile phone market5. 1 e / 2 h / 3 c / 4 g / 5 i / 6 f / 7 a / 8 b / 9 d6.out / of / back/into/in/ out/out7.A: price rise / sales figures / advertising agency / product range / brand awarenessB: declining / impressive / increasingly / selling / obligations8.三星电子将于本周在韩国推出Galaxy Mega, 这款手机较该公司旗舰Galaxy S4的售价更低，机身更大。
Samsung Electronics Co. is rolling out the Galaxy Mega, a cheaper and bigger version of its flagship Galaxy S4 phone in South Korea.你需要翻来覆去地阅读这本书，直到这些思想浸透在你的意识和潜意识之中，并且变成习惯。
you will need to read this over and over until the ideas saturate both your conscious and subconscious minds and until the ideas become habits.我记得以前见过那个人,但他的样子我想不起来了。
I remember meeting the man before but I can'tvisualize him.我们已经决定把这些小公司合并成一家大公司。
We have decided to merge these small firms into one large company.只要一本书成功,就能叫有志的青年小说作者相信他已经找到自己的事业。
One successful book is enough to convince the aspiring young novelist that he has found his profession.Unit Test 3 Answer KeyV OCABULARY:D ESCRIBING RELATIONS1. 1 broke / soured 2 restore / jeopardise 3 Maintaining / establish4 promotion / build5 cementing / undermined6 developed / strengthen7 disrupted / damaged2. 1 launch 2 take-over 3 product 4 network 5 team3. BAABBAB4. 1. resume 2. promote 3. restore 4. sour5. damaged6. undermine7. break off8. maintain9. strengthen 10. established5. 1. I'm tied up in meetings all day.2. I'll look into the matter immediately.3. In my country, most companies have waken up to the fact that more and more business is done online.4. When did you set off?5. ….but over 100 turned up.6 1. call 2. sound 3. hold 4.set 5. put 6. come 7. get 8. let 9. draw 10. buildUnit Test 4 Answer Key1. 1 charisma / 2 ruthlessness / 3 drive / 4 looks / 5 dedication / 6 nepotism2. 1. He only paid £5.00. I think I must have undercharged him.2. With sales falling, our product needs a relaunch as soon as possible to regain the market share it had.3. The problems have been caused by incompetence and total mismanagement.4. The other team were totally out-won by the other side and lost the match.5. The new government’s first policy will be to denationalise all state-owned industries and turn them intoprivate businesses.6. The few members of the board who actually supported the changes to management, were outvotedeight to three.7. My secretary is ultra-efficient which is great but sometimes my working life feels too organised!3. 1 haven’t seen / 2 ’ve changed / 3 Wasn’t / 4 work(is working) / 5 know / 6 haven’t heard / 7 ’re / 8 is growing / 9 have / 10 left / 11 ’s, going / 12 prefer4. 1-5: A C B A A 6-10: C B C A B5. 1. was founded 2. was 3. had risen 4. is 5. accounts6. thought7. would outstrip8. has9. hasdefied 10. has managed6. 1. outstrip 2. outvote 3. outnumbered 4. undersold 5. re-engineering 6. undercharged7.overproduce 8. misinterpret 9. renamed 10. deactivated7. 1. overtook 2. outstripped 3. outbid 4. outvote 5. outmanoeuvred6. outnumber7. overbooked8. overrun9. overcharged 10. oversubscribed8. 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. A 7.A 8. B 9. C 10. A。