《商务英语》复习资料
商务英语 复习材料
第一部分1. I don’t remember _________.A. to see him beforeB. having seen him beforeC. see him beforeD. see him before2. An English gentleman is allowed _________, even eccentricities, but must not practice a vocation.A. to cultivate hobbiesB. to cultivating hobbiesC. to be cultivating hobbiesD. cultivating hobbies3. I prefer _______ out with you rather than stay in by myself.A. goB. goingC. goneD. to go4. ________ there will be of great help to them.A. You goB. You goingC. Your goingD. Yours’ going5. We were so ________ and couldn’t help ________.A. bored, yawningB. boring, yawningC. bored, to yawnD. boring, yawn6. Doesn’t it annoy you _______ that again and again?A. being tryingB. being triedC. to be triedD. to be trying7. The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country, ________ by the policeeach time.A. had been capturedB. being always capturedC. only to be capturedD. unfortunately captured8. ________ in his research work, he had no time left for recreational activities.A. Having absorbedB. AbsorbedC. AbsorbingD. Be absorbing9. When _______, Tom did not answer.A. he asking what his name wasB. was asked what his name wasC. asking what Tom’s wasD. asked what his name was10. _______ as a member of the committee, I can testify that our system is in need of improvement.A. To serveB. ServedC. Having servedD. To be serving11. ________ in physical shape, he dropped out of the university.A. As he was badB. Bad as he wasC. Bad although he wasD. Bad though he was12. _________ the rain has stopped, the field will dry out.A. ThoughB. WhileC. Even ifD. Now that13. They did not go home _______ they had finished their work.A. tillB. untilC. beforeD. since14. _______ the teacher was explaining the text, the students listened attentively.A. BecauseB. ForC. SinceD. While15. I don’t think it will rain but I will take an umbrella _______ it does.A. likeB. in caseC. unlessD. as if16. The government introduced a wage freeze ________ inflation might be brought under control.A. so thatB. althoughC. whileD. because17. Her annoyance was so great ________ she could not find the fitting words for it.A. as thatB. thatC. and thatD. but that18. ________ is his own decision.A. When leavingB. When does he leaveC. When he leavesD. He leaves19. How strange ___________!A. that the children are so quietB. that the children so quiet areC. is the children are so quietD. it is that the children are so quiet20. The dictionary is to the students ________ the tool is to the worker.A. whatB. thatC. as ifD. whatever21. He went on foot, but he _______ by bus.A. might goneB. should goneC. should have goneD. ought have gone22. You shouldn't have run across the road without looking round, you ______ by a car.A. might be knocked downB. might have been knocked downC. might knock downD. might be knocking down23. Why is the rubbish still here? It ought to _______ yesterday.A. be thrown awayB. have thrown awayC. have been thrown awayD. throw away24. If you had taken my advice, none of this ________.A. would happenB. had happenedC. would have happenedD. has happened25. Everything _______ if Albert hadn't called the fire department immediately after the fire broke out.A. would destroyB. would be destroyedC. would have destroyedD. would have been destroyed26. When I returned home, I found the window open and a number of things _____.A. to stealB. stealingC. stolenD. missed27. Not too many years ago, it was an ______ experience to travel 25 or 50 miles from home.A. excitedB. excitingC. excitementD. excitingly28. Some of the guests _______ to the party were from other cities.A. to inviteB. invitedC. being invitedD. had been invited29. The telephone was invented in 1876 by a man _______ Alexander Graham Bell.A. namedB. namingC. that namesD. who named30. ________ the room, the teacher laid the instrument on the device.A. EnteringB. To enterC. Having enteredD. Having been entered31. He used to ______ the first to arrive and the last to leave.A. isB. wasC. beingD. be32. She ______ eat so many sweet things.A. used to notB. never usedC. didn't use toD. didn't use33. Mr. Brown often wears a heavy coat because he is not used _____ in such a cold climate.A. to liveB. to livingC. liveD. lived34. I like Jean but I don't like _______.A. her singB. her singingC. she singD. she singing35. "Why is Fred so upset?""He isn't used ______ criticized."A. beB. to beC. to beingD. having been36. “I’m sorry. Were you speaking to me ?”“Yes, I was. Would you please _________ in this room?”A. not to smokeB. not smokeC. no smokingD. no smoke37. There was nothing they could do ______ calmly.A. but waitB. only to waitC. except waitingD. unless they waited38. Mr. Smith doesn’t want _______ what to buy.A. his wife tell himB. for his wife to tell himC. his wife to tell himD. that his wife tells him39. Many parents allow their children _______ own decisions.A. making theirB. making theC. to make theirD. to make the40. “How can Mary get her money back?”“I advised ______ to the manager.”A. her speakB. her to speakC. that she speaksD. a speech by her41. What a nice day! How about the three of us _____ a walk in the park nearby?A. to takeB. takeC. takingD. to be taking42. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _____ much easier to learn.A. could have beenB. would beC. will beD. would have been43. She _____ fifty or so when I first met her at a conference.A. had beenB. must beC. has beenD. must have been44. _____ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay.A. WhateverB. WheneverC. WhicheverD. However45. A new laptop costs about _____ of a second-hand one.A. the price of three timesB. three times the priceC. as much as the three times priceD. three times more than the price46. I enjoyed myself so much ____ I visited my friends in Paris last year.A. whenB. whichC. thatD. where47. Which of the following is INCORRECT?A. All his lectures were boring.B. Half his money was gone.C. Her few friends are all fond of dancing.D. He invited many his friends to the party.48. When you have finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back on my desk, _____?A. do youB. don’t youC. will youD. won’t you49. What does “He wisely refused to spend his money” mean?A. It was wise of him to refuse to spend his money.B. He refused to spend his money in a wise manner.C. He was short of money and didn't want to buy anything.D. He refused, in a wise manner, to spend his money.50. They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as ____.A. it could beB. could beC. it wasD. was51. The painting he bought at the street market the other day was a _______forgery.A. man-madeB. naturalC. crudeD. real52. She’s always been kind to me –I can’t just turn ______on her now that she needs my help.A. my backB. my headC. my eyeD. shoulder53. The bar in the club is for the ______use of its members.A. extensiveB. exclusiveC. inclusiveD. comprehensive54. The tuition fees are ______to students coming from low-income families.A. approachableB. payableC. reachableD. affordable55. The medical experts warned the authorities of the danger of diseases in the _______of the earthquake.A. consequenceB. aftermathC. resultsD. effect56.She was so fat that she could only just __ through the door.A. assembleB. appearC. squeezeD. gather57.After the heavy rain, a builder was called to repair the roof, which was __.A. leakingB. tricklingC. prominentD. noticeable58. The reception was attended by __ members of the local community.A. excellentB. conspicuousC. prominentD. noticeable59. For the advertised position, the company offers a(n) ____ salary and benefits package.A. generousB. plentifulC. abundantD. sufficient60. As there was no road, the travelers _____ up a rocky slope on their way back.A. ranB. hurriedC. scrambledD. crawled第二部分阅读第三部分名词解释1、pricing skimming2、penetration pricing3、leader pricing4、bundling5、odd-even pricing6、prestige pricing7、merchant wholesalers8、agents and brokers9、FAS：FREE ALONGSIDE SHIP10、FOB：FREE ON BOARD11、CFR：COST AND FREIGHT12、CIP：CARRIAGE AND INSTRANCE PAID TO13、DAF：DELIVERED A T FRONTIER14、DES：DELIVERED EX SHIP15、EDQ：EDLIVERED EX QUAY第四部分填空1、A contract like this would never have been signed if both parties had stuck to their own views and refused to make any concessions .2、We don’t need too many examples in the case. One will suffice to make the whole matter clear.3、The secretary will arrange for your preferred blend of coffee to be made in your office.4、Though they strongly recommended him for this post，the manager of the department still decided not to have him interviewed.5、When we are arranging the sale we should take into consideration the goodwill of our company for it plays a vital role in boosting sales.6、Since the baby is rather sensitive to cold，we bundle it up before we go out lest it get a cold.7、In order to build volume，the company decided to promote the new product on a nationwide scale.8、this engine is superior in every respect to that one . That’s why we have included it in our purchase.9、they cleared out some outmoded goods from the shelves to make room for new products.10、their arrogance will antagonize the villagers even more and could heat up resentment against them.11、would you like to talk about the matter this morning? Alternatively, we can discuss it at dinner.12、the sales department waged a sales campaign and demonstrated its new product before the public.13、anyone who is found to have imparted the secret to a rival company will be fired.14、when the deal was finally concluded ,both sides were pleased and they decided to give a dinner party to celebrate.15、john is a man who either works very hard or not at all. There is hardly anything in between.16、they were accused of wasting public money, but they countered the charge with the claim that they had wide public support.17、the case was very soon cracked because there was an informer who supplied the police with the names of those who were involved in the crime.18、it would have been a perfect outing if the weather had matched up to our hopes.19、to our joy and relief, he and his men seemed to have appeared from nowhere and came to our rescue at the most critical moment.20、The house we visited was lavishly decorated, which showed that the host and hostess had once lived in luxury .21、Many Chinese companies and factories will surely face fierce competitions after china’s entry into the WTO,which will force them to enhance their competitive edge by updating their products.22、The problem we are facing now is how we can seek out a really qualified person for this post.23、Captain Roberts, to whom I have just delegated my command, must be obeyed without condition.24、Since I have made an earnest recommendation of you to my superior, I hope you will not let me down and will prove adequate to the work.25、The president was empowered to make independent military decisions when the country was at war.26、some people think that rhyme and meter hampered a poet’s free expression.27、Two years after he entered the company, he was assigned to work in the Personnel Department, a post many people had been hankering after.28、If you are observant enough you will find a lot of interesting parallels between the educational systems of these two countries.29、For the most part,she stayed at home on weekends, reading books that interested her and listening to music.30、Any information pertaining to the company’s final decision to deal with the current crisis should be kept in secret.31、If I may venture an opinion, I’d say that the plan needs to be further examined before it can be put into practice.32、It took us a long time to cut through the red tape of the planning regulations and get the project started.33、She changed her job in the hope that her talents will be better utilized than before.34、In anticipation of a famine, they decided to buy in bulk grain and other daily necessities.35、the negotiation turned out to be hard since neither side was willing to make a compromise .36、When we visited the cathedral, we were disappointed to see that the famous building was in the process of being repaired.37、It was stipulated that the goods should be delivered within three days.38、the stock market was again in turmoil, partly due to the government’s recent defeat in war.39、soon after the September 11 terrorist attack, the US government asked the Taliban government to hand over the prime suspect, but the latter refused the request bluntly.40、we have warned the public against the danger of investing in this project, so anyone who still wants to do so will invest at his own risk.41、Cargo ships at sea are required to abide by marine laws.第五部分翻译1、劣质产品价格是便宜，但是却用不了多长时间。
商务英语复习资料,希望对大家有所帮助
词
Contrast but however although despite in spite of yet still
1. Not only the students like the book but also the teachers enjoy reading it. 2. She not only knows his name but she knows everything about his past as well. 3. It is easy for you to repair the watch, yet you kept it for a month. Why? 4.The book is not thick, and yet it is hard to read.
Within 在一明确的范围之内，比in更正式
Within the walls of the house lies a secret.
Over 垂直高于 He hang the picture over the fireplace.
Above 高于 They looked up at the tree tops above them. Under 垂直低于 Go under the stairs if you are afraid of the bomb.
During the summer, I learned to swim.
prepositions
1. The company was registered 2. We last met at on 16 May, 1968. the Milan Trade Fair. Easter in the winter. 3. I hope to see you at 5. Imports rose by 3% in
商务英语阅读期末考试复习资料
《商务英语阅读》期末考试复习资料一、词汇翻译题（课内词汇+课外高频商务词汇）1.entrepreneur 企业家2.specification 规格详述3.human resources 人力资源4.institution 机构5.orientation 方向，导向，新员工入职培训6.decline 消减，衰亡7.bonus 奖金unch 推出，投放市场munity 社区，共同体10.necessities （生活）必需品11.stock 股票12.liquidity 流动性，变现性13.risk 风险14.potential 潜在的15.act of God 不可抗力y off 使……下岗17.listed company 上市公司18.log on 登入、连接（上网）19.absolute interest 绝对产权20.keyboard skills 打字技能21.human resources 人力资源22.account for 解释某事物的原因，占……比例23.executive 高级管理人员，执行总裁24.logo 企业或公司等专用的标记、标识25.administration 管理26.budget 预算27.feasible 可行的28.industry 产业，行业29.ingredient 成分，要素30.securities 证券mission 佣金32.dividend 股息，红利33.mature 到期，成熟34.accounts receivable 应收账款35.job description 岗位描述36.letter of intent 意向书37.living wage 基本生活工资38.bar code 条形码39.acid test 决定性的考验40.executive 高管，主管41.administrative expenses 行政管理费用42.jet lag 飞机时差反应43.customized 用户化的，按客户要求定制的44.keep-fit market 保健市场45.lecture theatre 梯形教室，梯形报告厅46.local adaptation 本土化47.balance sheet 资产负债表48.benefits package 福利套餐,整体福利49.bill of lading 提单、提货单50.access fee 使用费二、单项选择题（课内）1.Factors of production refer to _______.A.natural resources and capitalbor and entrepreneursC.both A and B2.The structure of a large manufacturing company and that of a small service firmshould be __________.A. the sameB. differentC. similar3. Organization charts show employees where they ______.A. start their workB. report to the bossC. fit into the company’s operation4. The basic management skills are ________.A.technical skills, human relations skills and conceptual skillsB.performing skills, marketing skills and planning skillsanizing skills, controlling skills and leading skills5. ________ programs include wages and salaries, incentives, and benefit forworkers.A. CompensationB. MarketingC. Orientation6. The firm’s ________ covers all the products it offers for sale.A. product lineB. product lifeC. product mix7. A nation’s ______ is the difference between the flow of money into and outof the nation.A.balance of tradeB.balance of paymentsC.payment of balance8. China is in the _______ regional economy.A. North AmericaB. EuropeC. Asia/Pacific9. A corporation can also obtain equity financing by selling securities directlyto current stockholders. “Equity” here means ______.A. reasonable qualityB. ordinary stocks and sharesC. principles of equality10.Most short-term financing is unsecured. “unsecured” here means _______.A.no interest chargeB.no collateral is requiredC.no bank loans11.The funds needed to operate an enterprise are referred to as _______.A.capitalB.resourcesbor12. Organization charts show employees where they ______.A. start their workB. report to the bossC. fit into the company’s operation13. The basic management skills are ________.A.technical skills, human relations skills and conceptual skillsB.performing skills, marketing skills and planning skillsanizing skills, controlling skills and leading skills14. ________ programs include wages and salaries, incentives, and benefit forworkers.A. CompensationB. MarketingC. Orientation15. The firm’s ________ covers all the products it offers for sale.A. product lineB. product lifeC. product mix16. _______ may be established based on costs, demands, the competitions’prices,or some combination of these.A. ProductsB. BrandsC. Prices17. A nation’s ______ is the difference between the flow of money into and outof the nation.A.balance of tradeB.balance of paymentsC.payment of balance18. China is in the _______ regional economy.A. North AmericaB. EuropeC. Asia/Pacific19.People can buy stocks from _____.A.securities marketsB. a secure marketC.financial markets20. High-risk investment techniques can provide greater returns, but they entailgreater risk of loss. “Entail” here means _________.A. retailB. investC. involve（答案自己在书上找）三、阅读理解题（课外）Passage 1Global Recession Hits the Developing WorldBoth the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund expect the world economy to shrink this year for the first time since World War Two. As recently as January, the I.M.F. had predicted growth of one-half percent. But this week its chief, Dominique Strauss-Kahn, said the world has entered what he called “a great recession”.A new World Bank report says the recession may hurt the developing world the most. Those countries depend on trade for economic growth. But world trade is expected to fall at the fastest rate in eighty years.East Asia has been hardest hit. In February, exports from China fell twenty-six percent from a year ago.Rich nations are expected to borrow heavily in world credit markets to finance spending at home. But investors are demanding very high returns if they are willing to lend to the developing world at all. Jeff Chelsky, a World Bank senior economist, says investors are avoiding higher risk debt in a flight to quality.The bank estimates that up to three trillion dollars of public and private loans in developing countries must be repaid this year. Some nations have enough foreign currency reserves, but others will struggle to find new financing to pay their existing debts.The World Bank estimates that developing nations will need between two hundred seventy and seven hundred billion dollars in financing. The amount depends on the depth of the recession.The I.M.F. is seeking to expand its lending ability. And World Bank President Robert Zoellick has called on rich nations to put some of their economic recovery spending into a crisis fund to help poor countries.Bank economist Jeff Chelsky says the poorest countries are in the greatest danger. They cannot borrow in credit markets and they depend on exports of commodities like crops or minerals. But falling commodity prices mean they now depend more than ever on foreign aid.Finance ministers and central bankers from major industrial and developing countries meet this weekend outside London to discuss the financial crisis. President Obama wants all countries in the Group of Twenty to coordinate their separate efforts to strengthen their economies.There was some good news this week, including better-than-expected reports on spending by Americans in January and February. And financial stocks rose after Citigroup reported a profit for those two months.And that's the VOA Special English Economics Report, written by Mario Ritter. I'm Steve Ember.1. According to the passage, the world economy will _______ for the first timethis year since the World War Two.A. developB. growC. expandD. become smaller2. _______may be hurt the most by the recession.A. the developing worldB. the developed countriesC. the rich countriesD. Asian countries3. Who are easier to borrow money in the world credit market?A. Rich nationsB. Poor countriesC. the World BankD. the International Monetary Fund4. What does the underlined “flight”mean in the fourth paragraph?A. travelB. flyingC. escapeD. movement through the air5.___________ has called on rich nations to help poor countries.A. President ObamaB. President Robert ZoellickC. Jeff ChelskyD. the International Monetary FundPassage 2A Rough Road for ToyotaToyota became the world's largest automaker in two thousand eight. But after years of building loyalty, the Japanese company may have put its quality brand name at risk, at least temporarily.Toyota is recalling millions of cars and trucks around the world because of cases where vehicles have sped up unexpectedly. Last August, a driver in California was unable to stop. The crash killed him and three of his family members.Toyota says the problem is rare and caused by accelerator pedals becoming stuck open. On January twenty-sixth, the company suspended sales of eight of its top-selling vehicles in the United States, its largest market. Toyota dealers have been receiving parts to make repairs.General Motors and Ford both reported increased sales in January. But Toyota sales in the United States have fallen, and so has its stock price. Toyota says it expects costs and lost sales from its recent safety recalls to total two billion dollars by the end of March.Louis Lataif spent twenty-seven years in the car industry at Ford. Now he is dean of the School of Management at Boston University.LOUIS LATAIF: “It’s Toyota’s biggest such recall. It’s voluntary incidentally, it’s not mandated. So, in that respect, they are doing something fairly bold, namely, taking the hit of shutting production and correcting the vehicles that are in inventory on which they have stopped sales.”A recall late last year involved floor mats that Toyota said could cause the accelerator to get stuck. One of the vehicles in the floor mat recall was the Prius, the world’s top selling hybrid.Now American officials are investigating the brake system on the twenty ten Prius. The Transportation Department says it has received more than one hundred twenty reports, including reports of four crashes.Toyota says it found a software problem that could briefly affect the “feel” of the anti-lock brakes on rough or slippery roads. It says it fixed the brake problem last month.But a growing number of legal cases claim Toyota knew for a long time about the sudden acceleration issue with other vehicles. The problem reportedly has led to more than eight hundred crashes and nineteen deaths in the past ten years. Congress is preparing for hearings.Greg Bonner is a marketing professor at Villanova University. He says to regain trust, Toyota will have to make public everything it knows about the problems and show it accepts responsibility.The recall has also intensified questions about all the computer control systems used in modern cars.6. Toyota may have put its quality brand name at risk because__________.A. vehicles have sped up unexpectedlyB. last August, a driver in California was unable to stop.C. Toyota is recalling millions of cars and trucks around the worldD. All of the above.7. Which of the following ways is not one Toyota solves its problem about accelerator pedals?A. Toyota stopped sales of eight of its top-selling vehicles in the UnitedStatesB. Toyota is recalling millions of cars and trucks around the worldC. Toyota increased salesD. Toyota dealers have been receiving parts to make repairs.8. Whose sales decreased in January?A. General MotorsB. FordC. General Motors and FordD. Toyota9. From what Louis Lataif said about Toyota, we can infer that _________.A. Toyota didn’t solve its problem positively.B. Louis Lataif didn’t think that Toyota solved its problem properly.C. Louis Lataif thought highly of Toyota’s way of solving its problem.D. Toyota couldn’t solve its problem.10. The underlined word in the last paragraph “intensify” means ________.A. increase in degreeB. decrease in degreeC. make the questions more tenseD. become more intensePassage 3Stock Sectors - How to Classify StocksOne of the ways investors classify stocks is by type of business. The idea is to put companies in similar industries together for comparison purposes. Most analysts and financial media call these groupings “sectors” and you will often read or hear about how certain sector stocks are doing.One of the most common classification breaks the market into 11 different sectors. Investors consider two of these sectors “defensive” and the remaining nine “cyclical.” Let’s look at these two categories and see what they mean for the individual investor.DefensiveDefensive stocks include utilities and consumer staples. These companies usually don’t suffer as much in a market downturn because people don’t stop using energy or eating. They provide a balance to portfolios and offer protection in a falling market.However, for all their safety, defensive stocks usually fail to climb with a rising market for the opposite reasons they provide protection in a falling market: people don’t use significantly more energy or eat more food.Defensive stocks do exactly what their name implies, assuming they are well run companies. They give you a cushion for a soft landing in a falling market.Cyclical stocksCyclical stocks, on the other hand, cover everything else and tend to react to a variety of market conditions that can send them up or down, however when one sector is going up another may be going down.Here is a list of the nine sectors considered cyclical:∙Basic Materials∙Capital Goods∙Communications∙Consumer Cyclical∙Energy∙Financial∙Health Care∙Technology∙TransportationMost of these sectors are self-explanatory. They all involve businesses you can readily identify. Investors call them cyclical because they tend to move up and down in relation to businesses cycles or other influences.Basic materials, for example, include those items used in making other goods – lumber, for instance. When the housing market is active, the stock of lumber companies will tend to rise. However, high interest rates might put a damper on home building and reduce the demand for lumber.How to UseStocks sectors are helpful sorting and comparison tools. Don’t get hung up on using just one organization’s set of sectors, though. uses slightly different sectors in its tools, which let you compare stocks within a sector.This is extremely helpful, since one of the ways to use sector information is to compare how your stock or a stock you may want to buy, is doing relative to other companies in the same sector.If all the other stocks are up 11% and your stock is down 8%, you need to find out why. Likewise, if the numbers are reversed, you need to know why your stock is doing so much better than others in the same sector –maybe its business model has changed and it shouldn’t be in that sector any longer.ConclusionYou never want to be making investment decisions in a vacuum. Using sector information, you can see how a stock is doing relative to its peers and that will help you understand whether you have a potential winner or loser.11. According to this passage, an investor should buy _____________in a falling market.A. cyclical stocksB. defensive stocksC. technology stocksD. transportation stocks12. According to this passage, an investor should buy _____________in a rising market.A. cyclical stocksB. defensive stocksC. stocks of utilitiesD. stocks of consumer staples13. ______________sectors belong to cyclical stocks.A. 11B.2C.9D.314. Utilities and consumer staples belong to _______________.A. cyclical stocksB. defensive stocksC. technology stocksD. transportation stocks15. ___________tend to move up and down in relation to businesses cycles or other influences.A. cyclical stocksB. defensive stocksC. stocks of utilitiesD. stocks of consumer staplesPassage 1America's biggest carmaker accepted fifty billion dollars in federal aid from the Obama and Bush administrations. People joked that GM meant "Government Motors." Now, General Motors could be on the road to recovery.The company recorded over two and a half billion dollars in profit in the first half of the year. The government still owns sixty-one percent of GM as a result of the bailout. Canada is also a shareholder. But now GM plans to sell stock to the public again.GM spent just forty days in bankruptcy. It sought protection from its creditors in June of last year. GM restructured. It discontinued some vehicles and closed dealerships and factories.In April, GM repaid almost seven billion dollars in government loans. Many of its creditors are waiting to see how much they get.GM plans an IPO, an initial public offering of stock, later this year. The company could raise as much as fifteen billion dollars.Chief executive Edward Whitacre is leaving September first. He wants the government to sell all of its shares in the company during the IPO. Many experts believe the Treasury will act slowly over time after the public offering is completed.If the stock price rises, the government could profit from the rescue. But the IPO is risky for the company. The offering will test the willingness of investors to take an equity share in the “new GM”.Buying equity is not like buying bonds. Bonds represent a loan. Equity represents ownership. Investors willing to buy equity shares in a company expect one thing -- growth.GM believes it can make that happen, in part with a new electric-and-gas hybrid.COMMERCIA L: “Chevy Volt, a car that can go up to forty miles before it uses any gas at all. That's an American revolution.”The Volt is expected to start arriving in showrooms later this year.GM is also looking overseas. The world's fastest growing car markets are in developing nations. GM is now selling more cars in China than in the United States. GM still leads the American market, though Toyota is now the biggest car company in the world.There are signs that America's big three may have put the worst of their recent troubles behind them.Chrysler also went through bankruptcy and says its sales are up. Italy's Fiat holds a twenty percent share.Ford Motor Company avoided bankruptcy and refused government help. Ford reported close to five billion dollars in profit for the first six months of the year.1. America’s biggest carmaker is _________________.A. ToyotaB. ChryslerC. GMD. Ford Motor Company2. GM stands for __________.A. Government MotorsB. General MotorsC. Both A and BD. Neither A Nor B3. People joked that GM meant “Government Motors” because _____________.A. The government still owns sixty-one percent of GM as a result of the bailout.B. They accepted fifty billion dollars in federal aid from the Obama and Bushadministrations.C. Both A and BD. Neither A Nor B4. Now, General Motors could be on the road to recovery. It plans ___________.A. to restructure.B. an IPO, an initial public offering of stock, later this yearC. to seek protection from its creditors.D. to discontinue some vehicles and closed dealerships and factories.5. According to the passage, what is not true about Chevy Volt?A. GM believes it will bring profit growth.B. It is a new electric-and-gas hybrid.C. It is a car that can go up to forty miles before it uses any gas at all.D. It has been produced.Passage 2The digital revolution, as exemplified by the Internet and electronic commerce, has shaken marketing practices to their core. In a recen t paper, Wharton’s Jerry Wind, director of the SEI Center for Advanced Studies in Management, and co-authorVijay Mahajan, a marketing professor at the College of Business Administration of the University of Texas at Austin, examine the impact of digital marketing on concepts like pricing, when customers can propose their own prices (), or buyers and sellers can haggle independently in auctions ().The paper provides an overview of some of the emerging realities and new rules of marketing in a digital world, and outlines what the new discipline of marketing may look like in the early part of the new century.To begin with, say the authors, the rapid-fire growth of the Internet is helping to drive changes. “It is not just our comp uters that are being reprogrammed; it is customers themselves,” says Wind. “These emerging cyber consumers are like an alien race that has landed in the midst of our markets. They have different expectations and different relationships with companies from which they purchase products and services.”For one thing, cyber consumers expect to be able to customize everything —from the products and services they buy and the information they seek, to the price they are willing to pay. And with digital technology opening new channels for gaining information, they are more knowledgeable and demanding than previous consumers. Digital customers can also sort products based on any desired attribute, price, nutritional value, or functionality, and they can easily obtain third-party endorsements and evaluations, tapping the experience of other users. “Companies that cannot meet their demands and expectations will be at a loss,” says Wind.Questions:6. The passage was most likely to be quoted from______.A.an overview of a paperB.an introduction to a bookC. a book on digital revolutionD. a paper discussing digital revolution7. The paper mentioned in this paper was written by______.A.Jerry WindB.Vijay MahajanC.Jerry Wind and Vijay MahajanD.an anonymous8. From the third paragraph, we can infer that______.A.the customers are also reprogrammed by computersB.e-business companies need be more knowledgeable about cyber consumersC.cyber consumers are a group of strange peopleD.cyber consumers came from outer space9. Compared with traditional customers, the emerging cyber consumers______.A.are more difficult to satisfyB.have less knowledge about businessC.have more problems with pricesD.are less willing to buy products and services10. What is mainly discussed in the passage? ______A.digital revolutionB.digital marketingC.cyber consumersD.the impact of digital marketing on concepts like pricingPassage 3Greece, economically, is in the black. With very little to export other than such farm products as tobacco, cotton and fruit, the country earns enough from ‘invisible earnings’ to pay for its needed, growing imports. From the sending out of things the Greeks, earn only $285 million; from tourism, shipping and the remittances of Greeks abroad, the country takes in an additional #375 million and this washes out the almost $400 million by which imports exceed exports.It has a balanced budget. Although more than one drachma out of four goes for defense, the government ended a recent year with a slight surplus -- $66 million. Greece has a decent reserve of almost a third of a billion dollars in gold and foreign exchange. It has a government not dependent on coalescing incompatible parties toobtain parliamentary majorities.In thus summarizing a few happy highlights, I don’t mean to minimize the vast extent of Greece’s problems. It is the poorest country by a wide margin in Free Europe, and poverty is widespread. At best an annual income of $60 to $70 is the lot of many a peasant, and substantial unemployment plagues the countryside, cities, and towns of Greece. There are few natural resources on which to build any substantial industrial base. Some years ago I wrote here:“Greek statesmanship will have to create an atmosphere in which home and foreign savings will willingly seek investment opportunities in the back ward economy of Greece. So far, most American and other foreign attempt have bogged down in the Greek government’s red tape and shrewdness about small points.”Great strides have been made. As far back as 1956, expanding tourism seemed a logical way to bring needed foreign currencies and additional jobs to Greece. At that time I talked with the Hilton Hotel people, who had been examining hotel possibilities, and to the Greek government division responsible for this area of the economy. They were hopelessly deadlocked in almost total differences of opinion and outlook.Today most of the incredibly varied, beautiful, historical sights of Greece have new, if in many cases modest, tourist facilities. Tourism itself has jumped from approximately $31 million to over $90 million. There is both a magnificent new Hilton Hotel in Athens and a completely modernized, greatly expanded Grande Bretagne, as well as other first-rate new hotels. And the advent of jets has made Athens as accessible as Paris or Rome –without the sky-high prices of traffic-choked streets of either.Questions:11. The title below that best expresses the ideas of this passage is_________.A. Greek income and expendituresB. The improving economic situation in GreeceC. The value of tourismD. Military expenditures12. Many peasants earn less than _________.A. $60 a weekB. $2 a weekC. $1 a dayD. $10 a month13. The Greek Government spends __________.A. more than 25%of its budget on military termsB. More than its collectsC. A third of a billion dollars in goldD. Less than 25% of its budget on military terms14. According to the passage, Greece has _________.A. a dictatorshipB. a monarchyC. a single majority partyD. too much red tape15. Greece imports annually goods and materials __________.A. totaling almost $700 millionB. that balance exportsC. that are paid by touristsD. costing $66 million四、篇章翻译题（课外）Passage A纳斯达克开设北京代表处随着各方吸引迅速增长的中国公司赴海外上市的争夺战愈演愈烈，纳斯达克(Nasdaq)昨日成为最新一个在北京开设代表处的全球证交所。
商务英语期末复习资料
商务英语期末复习资料一、翻译:词组,句子词组telephone operator电话接线员 telephone directory/book电话簿area code, code number地区代码 calling party, caller打电话者give sb. a call/ring给某人打电话 put sb. to extension接分机keep the line free别占线 lift /pick up the telephone answer the phone 接电话hold/hang on别挂线/稍等 hang up / get off挂断expect one’s call等某人的电话 be wanted on the phone有电话leave a message留口信 take a message捎口信call back later稍后再打来 return one’s call回某人的电话have/dial the wrong number拨错号码 check the number核对号码leave one’s telephone number留电话号码give sb, the telephone number 告知电话号码slow down/ speak a little slower说慢一点jot down the phone number 记下电话号码telephone operator电话接线员 telephone directory/book电话簿area code, code number地区代码 calling party, caller打电话者give sb. a call/ring给某人打电话 put sb. to extension接分机keep the line free别占线 lift /pick up the telephone answer the phone 接电话hold/hang on别挂线/稍等 hang up / get off挂断expect one’s call等某人的电话 be wanted on the phone有电话leave a message留口信 take a message捎口信call back later稍后再打来 return one’s call回某人的电话have/dial the wrong number拨错号码 check the number核对号码leave one’s telephone number留电话号码give sb, the telephone number 告知电话号码slow down/ speak a little slower说慢一点 jot down the phone number 记下电话号码passport护照 visa签证embassy大使馆 validity有效期window seat靠窗的座位 aisle seat靠过道的座位check in登记（酒店、机场） check out结账book/reserve/make a reservation预定 luggage/baggage行李carry-on/hand-carry/hand luggage随身行李check-in/checked/registered luggage托运行李overweight超重 excess baggage charge超重行李附加费duty-free allowance免税额 single/one way ticket单程票round-trip ticket往返票 return ticket返程票arrive/arrival到达vi./n. depart/departure离开vi./n. business class商务舱 first class头等舱economy class经济舱 advance deposit定金registration登记 tariff价目表cancellation/cancel one’s reservation取消预定single room单人间double room双人间 suite套房conference room会议室 local currency当地货币exchange rate汇率 International flight国际航班domestic flight国内航班 flight number航班号connecting-flight转机 direct/non-stop flight直达航班air route/line航线 take off起飞board a plane登机 landing着陆句子1. 从你的简历和应聘申请书来看，你对营销工作已有相当多的经验。
商务英语期末复习资料
商务英语期末复习资料Part I Translate the following English words into Chinese.1. bill of exchange 2. sight draft 3. irrevocable L/C 4. penalty 5. money of payment 6. usance L/C 7. money of account 8. promissory note 9. commercial draft 10. advising bank 11. Force Majeure 12. combined transport document Part II . Translate the following Chinese words into English1. 佣金佣金2. 单价单价3. 承兑承兑4. 贴现贴现5. 受益人受益人6. 独立代理独立代理7. 支票支票 8. 进口许可证进口许可证 9. 背书 10. 补偿贸易 11. 折扣折扣 12. 示票 13. 跟单托收 14. 经销经销 15. 索赔索赔16. 商业发票 17. 保险凭证保险凭证 18. 汇率汇率19．检验证书．检验证书 20. 保兑保兑Part III Write down the full name of the following abbreviations and the translations.1. D/P2. M/T3. CIF4. D/A5. T/T6. B/LPart IV Decide whether the following statements are true or false by writing “T” for true and “F” for false in the bracket besides each statement.1. International trade is only the exchange of goods between nations. 2. The distributor gains profits from the price difference at which he buys and resells the goods. 3. In reality, the quantity of goods shipped must be exactly the same with that stipulated in the contract. 4. Partial shipment means that the goods under one contract are shipped in different terms or by different lots. 5. A unit price consists of four parts: currency unit, unit price figure, measuring unit and price terms. 6. The buyer will inform the seller the opening of L/C and pass the L/C to the seller. 7. In counterpurchase, the value of countertrade goods has to equal that of the export. 8. Whether sale by buyer ’s sample or by seller ’s sample, the quality of the commodities should be strictly same as sample. Otherwise, it should be stipulated in the contract clearly. 9. Transshipment may increase the cost of shipment and the possibility of delay in delivery of commodities. 10. In international trade, if All Risks was covered, any loss caused by any reason on the way can be compensated by insurance company. 11. Under the the term term term of of of D/A, D/A, D/A, it it it is is the the bank bank bank in exporter in exporter ’s s country country country who who who makes makes makes acceptance acceptance acceptance to to to the the the draft draft draft and delivers and delivers documents to the importer. 12. Landed quality and weight means that the inspection carried out at the port of destination will be final. 13. When EXW or DDP is used, the commodity is generally inspected in the exporting country. 14. “USD200 per M/T CIFC2 London ” means that the seller will receive 200 US dollars for per metric ton. Part V Fill in the blanks with the best choice.1. Who has the exclusive right of selling the goods in a marketing area at the price he fixes? ___. a. Consignor b. Exclusive distributor c. Exclusive agent d. Bidder 2. When the seller only pays freight for the goods up to arrival at the port of destination, the term is _____. a. FOB b. CFR c. DDU d. CIF 3. Partial shipment may be necessary when ____. a. direct liners are not available b. the amount of the cargo is very small c. the shipping date is very close d. the export covers a large amount of goods 4. The goods concluded on the CIF basis have been burnt because of the fire after being loaded, then ____. a. the loss is due to the seller b. the seller asks the insurance company for compensation c. the buyer asks the insurance company for compensation d. the loss is due to the party who pays the freight 5. In the following terms of settlement, which is the most risky one for the seller? ____. a. T/T in advance b. D/A c. D/P at sight d. D/P after sight 6. 6. When When When ____ ____ ____ happens, happens, happens, the the the party party party that that that fails fails fails to to to perform perform perform the the the contract contract contract is is is allowed allowed allowed to to to relieve relieve relieve liabilities liabilities liabilities of of of the the non-performance. a. war b. world market price goes up c. manufacture fault d. currency devaluation 7. Which is NOT the example of trade barriers? _____. a. Tariffs b. Quotas c. Import duties d. Income tax 8. In international trade, the seller ships the goods to the buyer when there is no purchase made. The seller retains title to the goods until the buyer has sold them. This is ___. a. bidding b. agency c. consignment d. distributor 9. Which stipulation of the date of shipment is often used in a contract? ____. a. One day b. Within several days after the L/C has been received c. Prompt shipment d. Concrete shipment time 10. Particular additional coverage of CIC ____. a. can be covered alone b. can’t be covered alone c. can be covered alone when more than two of them are covered d. can be covered alone when only one of the insured applies for insurance 11. Which one of the following quotations is wrong? a. FOB QINGDAO USD10.00/PC b. CIF LIVERPOOL GBP125.00/MT c. FOB SHANGHAI $15.25/PC d. FOB JINAN USD2.00/KG 12. Under CIF, freight on the B/L is marked as ____. a. Freight Prepaid b. Freight Collect c. Freight Pre-payable d. Freight Unpaid 13. Based on whether the goods are loaded or not, the B/L can be classified into ____. a. clean B/L and unclean B/L b. direct B/L and transshipment B/L c. straight B/L and order B/L d. on board B/L and received for shipment B/L 14. A company exports 50 tons of wheat, the seller delivers the extra 2 tons, then the buyer should ____. a. accept 52 tons b. refuse to take 52 tons c. accept extra 1 ton d. refuse to accept extra 2 tons Part Part VI VI . Translate Translate the the the following following following English English English sentences sentences sentences into into into Chinese Chinese Chinese or or or Chinese Chinese Chinese sentences sentences sentences into into English 1. FOB means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship ’s rail nominated by the buyer at the named port of shipment. 2. Total amount, as its name suggests, is the sum of the money for one business transaction. It equals to the unit price multiplied by the quantity of the goods. 3. Generally speaking, the L/C should arrive to the seller at least 15 days before the time of shipment to allow sufficient time to check and amend, if necessary, the L/C and to arrange shipment. 4. Under an FOB, CFR or CIF contract, port of shipment is usually proposed by the exporter and is stipulated in 1. 汇票汇票 2. 即期汇票即期汇票3. 不可撤销信用证不可撤销信用证 4. 罚金罚金5. 支付货币支付货币 6. 远期信用证远期信用证7. 计价货币计价货币 8. 本票本票9. 商业汇票商业汇票 10. 通知行通知行不可抗力不可抗力 12. 多式联运单据多式联运单据commission unit price accept/acceptance discount beneficiary factor check import license 9. endorse/endorsement 10. compensation trade 11. discount/allowance presentation documentary collection distribution 15. claim 16. commercial invoice insurance certificate 18. exchange rate 19. inspection certificate 20. confirm/confirmation Part V Fill in the blanks with the best choice.（每小题2分，共20分）1—5 b b d c b 6—10 a d c b b 11—14 c a d a Part VI . Translate the following English sentences into Chinese or Chinese sentences into English （英译中每小题2分，中译英每小题3分，共25分）1. FOB 是指货物越过指定装运港买方指派的船只的船舷时，卖方就完成了交货义务。
商务英语复习重点
专业术语：人际交往能力interpersonal skills 弹性工作制 flexible working hours 股票经纪人 stock broker债券经纪人 bond broker收购和兼并 acquisition and merger 定金down-payment成交信号buying signal卖点 selling point强行推销hard-sell负债liabilities资产assets售后服务after-sales service自我激励self-motivated工作绩效job performance破产go bankrupt债务人debtor债权人creditor决策者decision maker强行推销hard-sell附加值added value工作寻找者job seeker预期寿命life expectancy接收接管take over 受众receptive audience不动产房地产real estate应付账款accounts payable应收账款account receivable一般管理费overheads行政成本administrative costs 执行董事executive director新手 recruit老手veteran开发商developer企业挂牌上市go public婚姻状况marital status毛（重 ）rough weight净（重）net weight生增长Organic growth非生增长Non-organic growth固定成本fixed cost可变成本variable cost达成交易 close the sale总部headquarters海外子公司overseas subsidiary 固定工作permanent job汉译英1.只要资产价值的增长超过债务的增长，就不会有问题。
As long as asset values rise faster than debt, there is no problem.2.我了解我的竞争对手以及他们产品的优缺点。
商务英语期末复习资料
商务英语复习资料题型：①阅读理解5-6篇40% ②翻译（中→英）5个*5’=25%③画图题15% ④作文：要顶格写20%一．翻译1．我们希望公司能使我们更高效的经营业务，同时也为客户带来便利。
我们也希望你们能继续向我们订购，订单直接交本公司或分公司均可。
We hope that by it we can handle our business more efficiently for the convenience of our customers. We also hope that you will continue to place orders with us direct or through our new branch.2．随函寄上本公司商品目录一册，供参考，但愿你们从中能找到所需要的东西。
Enclosed for your reference is a copy of our catalogue ,in which you may find something you need.3．如果在你方市场完成了年销售，这份独家代理协议原本可以于到期日延长一年。
Should the annual turnover have been realized in your market, the sole agent agreement would have been extended for another year upon its expiration.4．前几天，你地的一家通讯公司前来与我们洽谈业务，他们意外地告诉我们你们是有名的摩托车制造商。
We were approached by a telecom provider in your district the other day and from them we happened to know that you are a well-known motorbike manufacturer.5．由于我方已在支付方式方面做出了让步，因此，难以再顺从你方的要求，把价格降至你方所说水平。
商务英语复习资料
商务英语复习资料(总9页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--工作氛围 working environment一个显要的职衔an impressive job title正常工作时间regular hours市场开发部 developing markets officeIncumbent progamme 岗位培训课程嘉奖制度reward and recognition schemeGrow and maintain customer relationship发展和维持客户关系Research and development and manufacturing研发和生产独立法人，独立经销店 solo traderask for permission 获得准许 complain about a mistake 投诉一个错误confirm something is OK 确认某事 request information 索要信息change a booking 改变预定take voluntary redundancy 自愿接受裁退make redundant 裁员 ask clever questions 问恰当的问题commercial director 销售总监sales executive 销售总监sales argument 销售赔款合理的理由reasonable groundsemail confirmation form 电子邮件确认表sales and advertising teammarketing representative 营销代表 benefits and incentives 福利和奖励be prepared to fail做好失败的准备door-to-door work and cold calling挨家挨户的推销和进行不期而至的拜访一、短语翻译regular hours 正常工作时间flexible hours 弹性工作时间freelance 自由职业job-share 分担工作shift-work 轮班工作，倒班制part-time 兼职full-time 全职emping 当临时工specialist advice 专业咨询hot-desking 办公桌轮用office gossip 办公室小道消息office news 办公室新闻parental leave 父母假，育儿假，照顾新生儿女假routine type of person 按部就班的人get organised 安排有序set your limits 规定限度put pen to paper 签订协议two become one 合二为一open your mind 敞开心扉plan for disaster 有备无患find the perfect partner 理想搭档don’t feel guilty 勿感内疚Be prepared to communicate and share credit and blame.要能够相互沟通，功过与共.trade fair event 商品交易会coffee break 工间咖啡休息时间drink evening晚间酒会coaching event 专项体验训练活动useful contacts 有用的人际关系co-chair 联合总裁，主席international communication 内部交流post-it note 便条Life’s all about making connections 生活就是建立人脉关系Training and staff development培训和员工发展Flexible working hours 弹性工作时间Opportunities to travel 旅游机会Opportunities for promotion升职提拔机会Days off 几天短假Fact sheet 情况说明书Holding cmpany 控股公司Company car 公司配给的汽车Client service executive 客户服务主管Old and established 历史悠久Incumbent progamme 岗位培训课程Promote from within提拔内部员工Grow and maintain customer relationship发展和维持客户关系Research and development and manufacturing研发和生产Final salary pension scheme按最终薪水给付的养老金计划Non-cash reward 非现金形式的奖赏Once-in-a-lifetime 千载难逢的，令人难忘的Career goal 职业目标Senior management 高层管理人员develop a good training progamme to keep the saff motivated通过开发良好的培训计划来提高员工的工作热情have flexible management of time and work 灵活安排自己的时间和工作learn from other people’s strong points 学他人所长Distribution centre 配送中心Call centre 呼叫中心，电话中心Document management文档管理Innovative technology 创新技术Mission statement 目标宣传Headerquarter 总部 subsidiary 子公司Brabch 分公司 corporation 公司，法人Working in a team needs to have good interpersonal skills and is not necessarily efficient.在团队工作需要有很好的人际交往技能，不一定效率就高。
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10秋商务英语辅修《商务英语》复习资料一、专业词汇翻译部分1.star-up company 刚创立的公司2.niche market 利基市场3.corporate culture 企业文化4.performance appraisal 绩效评价5.business plan 商业企划书6.market analysis 市场分析7.financing 融资8.flagship store 旗舰店pensation package 薪酬方案10.direct marketing 直接营销11.real estate 房地产12.vertical integration 垂直整合13.horizontal integration 水平整合14.marketing channels 营销渠道15.sales team 销售团队16.franchising 特许经营17.royalty 专利权使用费18.brand loyalty 品牌忠诚度19.inventory turnover 存货周转mission 佣金21.license agreement 许可协议22.untapped market 未开发的市场23.market share 市场份额24.market segmentation 市场细分petitive edge 竞争优势26.localization strategy 本地（土）化战略27.import quotas 进口配额28.export duties 出口关税29.marketing brochure 营销（宣传）小册子30.market penetration市场渗透31.exclusive agreement 独家（排他性）协议32.multinational company 跨国公司33.overhead expenses (企业)日常开支34.product diversification 产品多样化35.target market 目标市场36.risk diversification 分散风险37.monopoly market 垄断市场38.perfect competition 完全竞争39.oligopoly market 寡头市场40.Cartel 卡特尔组织41.brand strategy 品牌战略42.price fluctuation 价格波动43.retail network 零售网络44.brand-savvy enterprise具有品牌意识的企业45.business acumen 商业头脑46.product differentiation 产品差异化47.barrier to entry 进入壁垒48.black market 黑市49.hotel room rates 酒店客房价格50.middle managers中层管理人员51.currency exchange rate 外汇汇率52.tourist resort 旅游胜地53.after-sales service售后服务54.logistics Management 物流管理55.semi-finished products半成品56.import surcharge进口附加费57.traveler’s cheque 旅行支票58.debit card 借记卡59.anti-trust law 反垄断法律60.dumping 倾销二、词形变换部分1.The law works on the assumption that it is preferable for chidren to be with their mother.(assume)2.Frustration by his father of his wish to become a local entrepreneur made him very unhappy.(frustrate)3.The whole magazine is designed and edited in the pursuit of exellence. (pursue)4.His quick promotion in the company caused widespread resentment among the otheremployees. (resent)5.In Britain an accused man is presumed to be innocent until he is proved guity. (presumably)6.The train strikes which already lasted for two days caused major disruption to thousands ofcommuters. (disruptive)7.Being self-employed allowed Jack the flexibility to work unusual hours. (flexible)8.It is known that important witnesses are isolated from the media for their own safety.(isolation)9.The new board director reminded all his subordinates of the importance of being compliantwith the demand of patrons. (compliance)10.The strategy of sustainable development has been given much focus by the government allthese years. (strategic)11.The weather alternated between rain and sunshine in the last week.（alternative）12.The air was saturated with the perfume of the flowers. (saturation)13.His view lack consistency: one day he’s a conservative, the next he’s a liberal.(consistent)14.Overwhelmed with gratitude, the man fell to his knees. (overwhelm)15.The newspapers are giving the affair considerable prominence. (prominent)16.They found it hard to justify their son’s giving up a secure well-paid job. (justifiable)17.We were taught by our teacher to penetrate the phenomena of things tp study their essence.(penetration)18.In this company, attendance is mandatory at all meetings. (mandate)19.As an entrepreneur in the technology industry, he established a foundation for retarded kedsand got involved in various philanthropic efforts. (philanthrophy)20.He responded to investigators with clumsy distortion of facts, garbled information andfar-fetched opinions. (distort)21.Market defferentiation is the way that you make your business or product more desirable thanall the others like it. (differentiate)22.They want to spend a minimum of both time and money to finish the program. (minimal)23.In the late 1800s, people feared the monopolistic railroads for railroad magnets controlled themajor means of transportation of goods and people across the country. (monopoly)24.They have successfully transformed the deserted construction site into an industrial park.(transformation)25.The weak stock markets worldwide herald the end of an era for the “omnipotent”stockbrokers. (omnipotence)三、paraphrase部分1. There is no secret that most of the average people dream about getting rich albeit very few makes any real effort to become one.although; are serious about making efforts2. Overwhelming majority out of them is self-made and owners of business.A surprising large number of3. An entrepreneur chooses not to sit back and take what life deals him; he attacks life head on, takes chare of his own life, and has a persistent determination to create his own path in life.accept readily what life treats him; confronts life bravely4. Some of these qualities are built-in parts of your inherent personality, and some of them get developed over time.your personality which you are born with5. The combination of these two creates necessary prerequisites in developing common sense in a person.precondion6. Many home-based business owners can deduct a portion of their rent or mortgage interest from their personal income taxes.take an amount of7. Other keys to success include being able to sell oneself and the business, and staying on top of personal and business finances.being in control of8. By being aware of the potential pitfalls and creating a plan to overcome them, a home-based business owner can significantly increase his or her chances for success. fully realizing9. In addition, the creation of a home office will probably necessitate changes in family members’ schedules of life-style.arrangement for daily activities10. You invested a lot —in terms of money, time and sweat equity to get your business off the ground.with regard to; continuous efforts11. The market expansion step is that period where a company assesses current markets, identifies untapped markets, and seeks opportunities for revenue growth through new market opportunities.evaluates; recognizes unexplored markets12. Learn to spot telltale signs of saturation in your present facilities.detect13. A location on Main Street, in a shopping mall or an industrial park may cost you more in rent, but if you gain exposure to new customers it may be a sound investment. are brought to notice by ; good14. A leading issue that is keeping many U.S. companies back is lack of product localization.prevents the development of many U.S. companies ;main factor15. This requires adding features and capabilities to their mainstream products and customizing them to meet international prospects’ requirements.prospective buyers’16. For one, it gives them a tangible competitive edge over companies that insist on making their international customers buy products or services as they are sold in theUnited States.substantial; advantage17. What could be a better way to tell international customers that you are committed to serving their needs than to communicate in their mother language?are devoted to; catering to18. The ones that don’t will ultimately be taken over by the ones that do, or perish. controlled19. Rockefeller’s Standard Oil and Gates’ Microsoft may have briefly approached this kind of dominance, but the length and extent of De Beefs’supremacy is unprecedented.duration and magnitude; dominance20. With this leverage, it could artificially keep diamond prices stable by matching its supply to world demand.as a result of human endeavor ; from fluctuating21. In the past few years the diamond industry has failed to generate the earnings growth and profit margins enjoyed by other luxury brands.bring about the growth in revenues22. What is tantalizaing is that at the luxury end —the famous blue box of Tiffany’s —there are brands getting the margins and markups enjoyed in the luxury-goods business as a whole.Tempting; in the realm of luxury industry23. International travel is no longer the exclusive province of the rich.limited to some rich people24. Many will get in line just to secure the option of visiting rationed destinations, even if they don’t exercise it.wait in line25. Some people, for example, are already calling for limits on traffic to ecologically sensitive destinations, such as the Incan ruins at Peru’s Machu Picchu.asking for restrictions; destinations where the ecosystem is easily damaged26. In some cases, it will become too expensive and logistically difficult for businesses to coexist with swarms of tourists in the hearts of cities with major cultural sites or other attractions.too costly and difficult in terms of logistics; share with a mass of tourists四、英译汉部分1.Instead of trying to control the world supply, De Beers would now focus on adding value---through marketing and branding initiatives---to the diamonds already under its dominion.2. The separation and the fusion of product development and product localization become the paradox to solve, requiring the implement of a workable localization strategy.3. The Chinese, for example, are developing Hawaii-like Hainan island and Macao, a gaming paradise on China’s southern coast.4. A billion or two additional international travelers represent both a massive potentialheadache and an opportunity for business.5．At times, entrepreneurs force themselves to choose work over fun, a boring job against a pleasant one, working on tax papers rather than reading a glamour magazine.6．A true traveler is always a vagabond, with the joys, temptations and sense of adventure of the vagabond.7. Whatever the reason, home-based businesses have become a significant trend inrecent years.8. Many people think that the only way of making a living is committing thenine-to-five grind, barely seeing the light of day until they hit retirement age.9. The separation and the fusion of product development and product localization become the paradox to solve, requiring the implement of a workable localization strategy.10．At times, entrepreneurs force themselves to choose work over fun, a boring job against a pleasant one, working on tax papers rather than reading a glamour magazine.11．A true traveler is always a vagabond, with the joys, temptations and sense of adventure of the vagabond.12. Direct selling requires good selection and training techniques and a commissionplan plus liberal incentives.1.戴比尔斯不再试图控制世界钻石供应，而是将重点放在如何通过营销和品牌推官增加本公司已有钻石产品的价值。