高考英语阅读理解真题汇编(含答案)及解析

高考英语阅读理解真题汇编(含答案)及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

A monk lived with his brother, a one-eyed idiot(a very stupid person).One day ,when the monk was scheduled to have an interview with a famous theologian(a scientist who studies religions) who had come from far away to meet him, he needed to take care of some matters and would therefore be absent when the theologian arrived. He told his brother: "Receive this scholar and treat him well！Don't say a word to him，and everything will be OK."

The monk left the temple. Upon returning, he went to meet his guest.

"Did my brother receive you properly?" asked the monk.

"You brother is outstanding. He's a great theologian!" exclaimed the theologian with great enthusiasm.

"What do you mean? My brother---a theologian?" stuttered(结巴地说)the surprised monk.

"We had a passionate conversation," replied the scholar." We communicated professionally by means of gestures. I showed him one finger and he replied by showing me two. Logically, I answered with three fingers and then he astonished me by raising a closed fist, ending the debate. With one finger, I implied the unity of Buddha. With two fingers, he expanded my point of view by reminding me that Buddha was inseparable from his theory. Delighted by the reply, with three fingers I expressed: Buddha and his theory in the world. Then he suggested a wonderful response, showing me his fist: Buddha, his theory and the world, all together as one whole. "

A little later, the monk went to look for his one-eyed brother.

"So how did it go earlier with the theologian?" he asked.

"Very simple," said the brother. "He made fun of me; he show me one finger emphasizing that I have but one eye. Not wanting to fall into the conflict, I showed that he was fortunate enough to have two eyes. Critically, he continued, 'Be that as it may, between us, we have three eyes.' That was the straw that broke the camel's back. Showing him a closed fist, I threatened to lay him out right then and there if he didn't stop his insulting challenges."

（1）According to the passage, the monk's brother is a person__________.

A. who was a great theologian

B. who was a three-eyed idiot

C. who was a one-eyed theologian

D. who was a fool with only one eye

（2）The theologian thought the monk's brother as a great theologian because ______. A. the brother was a one-eyed idiot B. the brother could communicate properly and politely by means of gestures

C. the brother had deep thoughts of Buddhism

D. the theologian himself misunderstood the brother's gestures

（3）What would the monk do after he heard of his brother's explanation on how it went earlier with the theologian?

A. The monk would be very angry with his brother and beat him.

B. The monk would be very happy and praise him.

C. The monk would apologize to the theologian and his brother.

D. The monk would think

what a funny misunderstanding it was.

（4）According to what the theologian said, he considered the monk's brother's fist to be the meaning of _____________.

A. a threat to him

B. an encouragement to him

C. a unity of the Buddha, theory and the world

D. one eye of himself

【答案】（1）D

（2）D

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，神学大师站在自己的角度误解了和尚的傻瓜弟弟的手势语言，让人读着忍不住发笑。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“A monk lived with his brother, a one-eyed idiot(a very stupid person).”可知，和尚的哥哥是一个只有一只眼的傻瓜。故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第六段和最后一段的内容可知，神学家误解了和尚的弟弟的手势语，因此他认为和尚的弟弟是神学家。故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。结合文意，由常识可推知，和尚会觉得是一个很有趣的误解。故选D。

（4）考查细节理解。根据第六段神学家中的“Then he suggested a wonderful response, showing me his fist: Buddha, his theory and the world, all together as one whole.”可知，他认为和尚弟弟的拳头意味着佛陀，理论和世界的统一。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读下列短文，从短文后每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A new technology is going to ripe, one that could transform our daily lives, help to form new industries, even remove world economic powers from their present positions. Unlike the wave of industrialization that began in the West and spread later to the rest of the world, the new developments are taking place in research labs all over the globe—and Asians are in the forefront. Physicists are creating a new class of materials that display an amazing property unforeseen even two years ago—superconductivity (超导体技术).

Used today only in specialized equipment, super conductors have the potential to radically change most of the electrical and electronic appliances found in the home, making them smaller, more powerful and efficient. They could free our cities of pollution by replacing petrol and diesel (柴油) vehicles with electric cars, and cut the cost of electricity. The new materials do something that even the best of conductors such as copper and silver cannot—they do away with all electrical resistance. The significances for energy storage are great.

The technology is in its early stage, still accessible to countries that decide to invest brains and money. For 75 years it had remained little more than a scientific curiosity with limited practical use because the phenomenon occurred only at extremely low temperatures. It was first observed in 1911 by a Dutch scientist named Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, who cooled mercury (水银) to

temperatures below -269℃ with liquid helium (氦). Then in January last year, two IBM scientists, K. Alex Muller and J. George Bednorz, found a metal oxide ceramic (氧化陶瓷) that superconducted at -243℃. Their report went largely unnoticed until last December, when it was confirmed at a scientific meeting in Boston. Today Japan, India, China and other Asian countries all have their share of experts who spend their days and nights in labs, acting as midwives (助产士) to a new technology.

（1）As is indicated in the passage, the technology of superconductivity ____________. A. has already been developed B. is still under development

C. will be used only in specialized equipment

D. will be used in daily lives in a few years （2）The new technology differs from the others in that ____________.

A. it began in the East and spread later to the rest of the world

B. it began in the West and spread later to the rest of the world

C. it is being cultivated in research labs around the world

D. it is accessible to physicists who are intelligent and rich

（3）From the passage, we may conclude that ____________.

A. Asian scientists gain the lead in the growth of the new technology

B. Dutch scientists kept reporting new findings for the last 75 years

C. IBM scientists' report receive immediate attention all over the world

D. the West was astonished at the new technology developed by the Asians

（4）Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A. The Prospect of a New Technology

B. Superconductivity: A New Technology

C. A New Technology: The Key to Change the Way of Our Lives

D. A New Technology: A Joint Effort of Many Countries

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了超导体技术的发展潜能和发展状况。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“ A new technology is g oing to ripe, one that could transform our daily lives, help to form new industries, even remove world economic powers from their present positions. ”一项新技术即将成熟，它可以改变我们的日常生活，帮助形成新的产业，甚至将世界经济强国从其目前的地位上移除；以及第三段中的“The technology is in its early stage, still ac cessible to countries that decide to invest brains and money”技术还处于早期阶段，那些决定投资于人才和资金的国家仍然可以获得这项技术，可知选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Unlike the wave of industrialization that began in the West and spread later to the rest of the world, the new developments are taking place in research labs all over the globe—and Asians are in the forefront.”与开始于西方，后来传播到世界其他地区工业化的浪潮不同，全球各地的研究实验室都在进行新的研究——亚洲人走在最前线。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Unlike the wave of industrialization that began in the

West and spread later to the rest of the world, the new developments are taking place in research labs all over the globe—and Asians are in the forefront.”与开始于西方，后来传播到世界其他地区工业化的浪潮不同，全球各地的研究实验室都在进行新的研究——亚洲人走在最前线；以及最后一段中的“Today Japan, India, China and other Asian countries all have their share of experts who spend their days and nights in labs, acting as midwives (助产士) to a new technology.”今天，日本，印度，中国和其它亚洲国家都有自己的专家，白天和晚上都在实验室里，充当一种新技术的助产士，故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，第一段首先提出一项新技术，第二段说明了这项技术的发展潜能，最后一段介绍这项新技术的发展状况，因此选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

It is that time of year when people need to lock their cars. It's not because there are a lot of criminals running around stealing cars. Rather, it's because of the good-hearted neighbors who want to share their harvest. Especially with this year's large crop, leaving a car unlocked in my neighborhood is an invitation for someone to stuff it full of zucchini（西葫芦）.

My sister-in-law, Sharon, recently had a good year for tomatoes. She and her family had eaten and canned so many that they began to feel their skin turn slightly red. That's when she decided it was time to share her blessings. She started calling everyone she knew. When that failed, she began to ask everyone in the neighborhood like a politician, eventually finding a neighbor delighted to have the tomatoes. "Feel free to take whatever you want," Sharon told her. She felt happy that she could help someone and that the food didn't go to waste.

A few days later, Sharon answered the door. There was the neighbor, holding some bread. The neighbor smiled pleasantly, "I want to thank you for all of the tomatoes, and I have to admit that I took a few other things and hope you wouldn't mind."

Sharon couldn't think of anything else in her garden that had been worth harvesting and said no. "Oh, but you did," the neighbor said. "You had some of the prettiest zucchini I've ever seen." Sharon was confused. Zucchini in her garden? They hadn't even plated any zucchini. But her neighbor insisted that there really were bright-green zucchini in her garden. The two of them walked together into the backyard. When the neighbor pointed at the long green vegetables, Sharon smiled, "Well, actually, those are cucumbers that we never harvested, because they got too big, soft and bitter for eating or canning."

The neighbor looked at Sharon, shock written all over her face. Then she smiled, and held out the bread that she had shared all over the neighborhood, "I brought you a loaf of cucumber bread. I hope you like it."

（1）Why does the author suggest that people in the neighborhood should lock their cars?

A. They might be stolen by thieves.

B. They night be moved away by the police.

C. Their neighbors might fill them with their harvest.

D. Their neighbors might throw rubbish in them.

（2）What does the underlined word "blessings" in the second paragraph mean?

A. tomatoes.

B. belongings.

C. helpful things.

D. best wishes.

（3）What did the neighbor do in Sharon's garden?

A. She harvest tomatoes only.

B. She harvested zucchini by accident.

C. She took some cucumbers mistakenly.

D. She stole something without Sharon's permission.

（4）We can infer from the article that the neighbors bread would taste ________.

A. bitter but tasty

B. strange and bitter

C. hard and sour

D. soft and sweet.

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者的妯娌邀请一位邻居去她家菜园里随便采摘西红柿和其他喜欢的蔬菜，而邻居在菜园里却错误地把老黄瓜当作了西葫芦，并且她用这个材料做成了面包拿来和邻居一块分享。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Rather, it's because of the good-hearted neighbors who want to share their harvest. Especially with this year's large crop, leaving a car unlocked in my neighborhood is an invitation for someone to stuff it full of zucchini（西葫芦）.”可知作者建议附近的人们锁上自己的车是因为他们的邻居可能往车里填自己的收成，故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“My sister-in-law, Sharon, recently had a good year for tomatoes.”可知That's when she decided it was time to share her blessings.意思是她觉得是时候与别人分享自己的西红柿了，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据由倒数第二段的“Sharon smiled, ‘Well, actually, those are cucumbers that we never harvested, because they got too big, soft and bitter for eating or canning.’”可知邻居在Sharon的菜园里错误地采摘了一些黄瓜，故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“When the neighbor pointed at the long green vegetables, Sharon smiled, "Well, actually, those are cucumbers that we never harvested, because they got too big, soft and bitter for eating or canning."以及最后一段中的“ I brought you a loaf of cucumber bread. I hope you like it."可推知用苦涩的黄瓜做的面包味道自然是奇怪的和苦的,故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

Exhibitions in the British Museum

Hokusai: beyond the Great Wave

Katsushika Hokusai (1760-1849) is widely regarded as one of Japan's most famous and influential artists.He produced works of astonishing quality right up until his death at the age of 90.This new exhibition will lead you on an artistic journey through the last 30 years of Hokusai's life—a time when he produced some of his most memorable masterpieces.

25 May—13 August 2017

Room 35

Adults￡12,Members/under 16s free

Places of the mind: British watercolour landscapes 1850-1950

Drawn from the British Museum's rich collection,this is the first exhibition devoted to landscape drawings and watercolours by British artists in the Victorian and modern eras—two halves of very different centuries.

23 February—27 August 2017

Room 90

Free, just drop in

Scythians: warriors of ancient Siberia

This major exhibition explores the story of the Scythians—nomadic tribes and masters of mounted warfare, who flourished between 900 and 200 BC. Their encounters with the Greeks, Assyrians and Persians were written into history but for centuries all trace of their culture was lost—buried beneath the ice.

14 September 2017—14 January 2018

Room 30

Adults￡16.50,Members/under 16s free

Politics and paradise: Indian popular prints from the Moscatelli Gift

This display is part of the Museum's contribution to the India-UK Year of Culture 2017.It looks at the popular print culture of India from the 1880s until the 1950s.

19 July—3 September 2017

Room 90a

Free,just drop in

（1）If you are interested in drawings of natural scenery, you will probably go to______. A. Room 35 B. Room 90 C. Room 30 D. Room 90a

（2）Which exhibition can you attend in October 2017?

A. Hokusai: beyond the Great Wave.

B. Scythians: warriors of ancient Siberia.

C. Places of the mind: British watercolour landscapes 1850-1950.

D. Politics and paradise: Indian popular prints from the Moscatelli Gift.

（3）Where can we most probably find the passage?

A. In a health report.

B. In a story book.

C. In a parenting magazine.

D. In a tour guide.

【答案】（1）B

（2）B

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个不同的展览，分别是日本艺术家的杰作，英国水彩风景，希腊历史探索和印度印刷文化。

（1）考查细节理解。根据 Places of the mind: British watercolour landscapes 1850-1950部分中的“this is the first exhibition devoted to landscape drawings and watercolours”以及下段的“Room 90”可知，这幅作品是关于自然风光的，在90房间。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据Scythians: warriors of ancient Siberia部分中的“14 September 2017—14 January 2018”，可知在2017年十月份可以去参观“Scythians: warriors of ancient Siberia”这幅作品。故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据短文是对博物馆里的艺术品的介绍，可知这篇文章可能出现在导游杂志里。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇广告类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

It's 3 o'clock and you've been hard at work. As you sit at your desk, a strong desire for chocolate overcomes you. You try to busy yourself to make it go away. But it doesn't. Here is another situation. Perhaps you are not feeling well. The only thing you want to eat is a big bowl of chicken soup, like your mom used to make when you were sick as a child. Food cravings are a strong desire for a specific type of food. And they are normal.

Scientists at the website How Stuff Works compare hunger and cravings this way. Hunger is a fairly simple connection between the stomach and the brain. They even ca ll it simply “stomach hunger.” When our stomachs burn up all of the food we have eaten, a hormone (荷尔蒙) sends a message to one part of the brain for more food, which regulates our most basic body functions such as thirst, hunger and sleep. The brain then produces a chemical to start the appetite and you eat. Hunger is a function of survival.

A craving is more complex. It activates (使活跃) brain areas related to emotion, memory and reward. These are the same areas of the brain activated during drug-craving studies. So, some scientists call food cravings “mind hunger.” People often crave foods that are high in fat and sugar. Foods that are high in fat or high in sugar produce chemicals in the brain. These chemicals give us feelings of pleasure.

In a 2007 study, researchers at Cambridge University found that “dieting or restricted eating generally increases the possibility of food craving.” So, the more you deny yourself a food that you want, the more you may crave it. However, fasting is a bit different. They found that eating no food at all for a short period of time lessened food cravings.

So, the next time you crave something very specific, know that your brain may be more to blame than your stomach.

（1）What is the function of the first paragraph?

A. To remind readers of their own special food.

B. To deepen the understanding of hunger.

C. To report the discovery of craving study.

D. To lead to the topic of the whole passage.（2）What do we learn about food craving?

A. It shows food is linked to feelings.

B. It ensures a person survives hunger.

C. It means the stomach functions well.

D. It proves the brain decides your appetite.

（3）What's the likely result of dieting?

A. The decrease of chemicals.

B. The increase of food desire.

C. The refusal of fat and sugar.

D. The disappearance of appetite.

（4）What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. The functions of brain areas.

B. What hunger is all about.

C. The findings of food craving.

D. What dieting may bring us.

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是说明文，主要谈论饮食冲动的调查结果。食物与情感有关系，节食的结果会导致食物欲望的增加。

(1)目的意图题。根据第一段最后一句Food cravings are a strong desire for a specific type of food. And they are normal.可知，第一段是为了引导整篇文章的话题。故答案选D。

(2)推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句Food cravings are a strong desire for a specific type of food. And they are normal.可知，食物与情感有关系。故答案选A。

(3)推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句In a 2007 study, researchers at Cambridge University found that“dieting or restricted eating generally increases the possibility of food craving.可知，节食的结果会导致食物欲望的增加。故答案选B。

(4)主旨大意题。根据最后一段So, the next time you crave something very specific, know that your brain may be more to blame than your stomach.本文主要谈论饮食冲动的调查结果。故答案选C。

【点评】说明文主题和文章大意的技巧：应对文章主题和中心大意考题时，寻找和发现文章主题句就是关键。这个主题句一般具有如下特点：①表达的意思比较概括。②句子结构简单，大多数时候，不采用长句、难句的形式。③段落的其他句子必定是用来解释或发挥主题句所表达的主题思想的。④主题句的位置除个别情况下是在文中的句子，大多数情况下，主题句往往是在段首和段尾。所以，在阅读文章时，要特别注意文章的首段、首句和末句。

6．阅读理解

On February 6, Space X, a private US aerospace company owned by Elon Musk, has successfully launched its new Falcon Heavy spacecraft, making it the world's most powerful rocket.

Falcon Heavy is the largest rocket since the retirement of NASA's Saturn V, which was used for the Moon missions in the 1970s. “Falcon Heavy can launch about 64 tonnes into low Earth orbit-that's almost three times more than the current running biggest launch vehicle, Delta IV Heavy, ”Imperial College astrophysicist David Clements told AI Jazeera. According to Space X, Falcon Heavy can lift into orbit a mass greater than a 737 jet loaded with passengers, crew, luggage and fuel.

The rocket was designed with the idea of earning humans into space and opening the possibility of flying missions with people to the Moon and even Mars. For its first voyage, it carried Musk's $ 100,000 cherry-red Tesla sports car and a fake space-suited human model fixed in the driver's s eat. Musk joked that “it may be discovered by some future alien race”.

Falcon Heavy went into space on its last flight on February 6. The launch took place at NASA's Cape Canaveral Air Force Station and Kennedy Space Center in the US state of Florida, the spot

also used for the Apollo 11 Moon mission and several space shuttle launches. It was delayed by several hours because of high winds in the upper atmosphere. Minutes after take-off, the two outer boosters (助推器) landed at the nearby Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.

Space X announced plans to eventually use Falcon Heavy to launch two paying space tourists on a trip around the Moon. However, Musk said he will probably reserve that mission for another launch system, the BFR. Recently, Space X scheduled to launch a Falcon 9 rocket for NASA's TESS mission on March 20, 2018. It is reported that Space X is scheduled to complete 30 independent launch missions in 2018, at least half of which will use Falcon 9.

（1）Which of the following can function as a rocket?

A. A 737 jet.

B. Tesla.

C. Saturn V.

D. Space X.

（2）What do we know about Falcon Heavy from the text?

A. It was the latest rocket in the world.

B. It is of the same load as a 737 jet.

C. It is to be found by the creatures in the outer space.

D. It was launched at the same place for the Apollo 11 mission.

（3）What delayed the launch of Falcon Heavy?

A. Weather condition.

B. Program error.

C. Equipment failure.

D. Deliberate damage.（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. The BFR will be completed in 2018.

B. The vehicle to launch space tourists is unknown.

C. Tourists will be sent into space by Falcon 9.

D. Falcon 9 will take 15 launch missions.

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】这是一篇时文报道类文章。2月6日，伊隆·马斯克的私人航天航空公司Space X成功的发射了猎鹰号重型航天器，使得它成为世界上最强大的火箭。文章介绍了猎鹰号重型航天器的具体情况。

（1）推理判断题。由第二段中的“Falcon Heavy i s the largest rocket since the retirement of NASA's Saturn V”可知，Falcon Heavy是Saturn V退役之后的最大的火箭。由此可推知，Saturn V曾经是最大的火箭。故C选项正确。

（2）细节理解题。由第四段中的“The launch took place at NASA's Cape Canaveral Air Force Station and Kennedy Space Center in the US state of Florida, the spot also used for the Apollo 11 Moon mission and several space shuttle launches”可知，发射Falcon Heavy是在佛罗里达州的卡纳维拉尔角空军基地和肯尼迪航天中心。该地也被用来执行阿波罗11号的登月任务。结合选项，D选项正确。

（3）细节理解题。由第四段中的“It was delayed by several hours because of high winds in the upper atmosph ere”可知，因为天气原因导致它延迟发射。故A选项正确。

（4）推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Space X announced plans to eventually use Falcon Heavy to launch two paying space tourists on a trip around the Moon. However, Musk said he will probably reserve that mission for another launch system, the BFR”可知，Space X宣布最终使用Falcon Heavy将两位付费的游客送入太空进行环月旅游。但是，Musk又说有可能将该任务

留给BFR来执行。由此可以推知，到底谁来执行该任务还不确定。故B选项正确。

【点评】阅读理解推理判断题解题技巧：推断题是考查学生透过文章表面的文字信息进行分析、综合、归纳等逻辑推理的能力。推理和判断必须以事实为依据，切莫主观臆断。

①那些文章中直接陈述的内容不能选，要选择根据文章推理出来的选项。

②推理不是凭空猜测，而是立足已知推断未知；作出正确答案时一定要在文中找到依据或理由。

③要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。不能以自己的观点代替作者的想法；不要脱离原文主观臆断。

7．阅读理解

Why do you go to the library? For books, yes--but you like books because they tell stories. You hope to get lost in a story or be transported into someone else's life. At one type of library, you can do just that--even though there's not a single book.

At a Human Library, instead of books, you can “borrow” people. Individuals volunteer as human “books” and participants in the event can “read” the book--meaning they would have a one-on-one conversation with the volunteer and share in a dialogue about that individual's experience. “Books” are volunteers from all walks of life who have experienced discrimination (歧视) based on race, religion, class, gender identity, age, lifestyle choices, disability and other aspects of their life

For a certain amount of time, you can ask them questions and listen to their stories, which are as fascinating and as attractive as any you can find in a book. Many of the stories have to do with some kind of stereotype. You can speak with a refugee (难民), a soldier suffering from PTSD, a homeless person or a woman living with HIV. The Human Library encourages people to challenge their own long-held beliefs-to truly get to know, and learn from someone they might otherwise make a quick judgment about.

According to its website, the Human Library is “a place where difficult questions are expected, appreciated and answered.” It provides the opportunity for the community to share and understand the experiences of others in their community.

The Human Library Organization came to be in Copenhagen, Denmark in 2000. Ronni Abergel, his brother Dany, and some colleagues hosted a four-day event during a major Northern European festival, hoping to raise awareness about violence among youth. After the success of this event, Abergel founded the Human Library Organization, which has been growing ever since. Though there are a few permanent human libraries, most aren't places at all, but events. Though many do take place at physical libraries, you don't need a library card—anyone can come and be part of the experience. There have been human library events all over the globe, in universities and in pubs, from Chicago to Tunis to Edinburgh to San Antonio.

The stories these "books" tell range from fascinating to heartbreaking and everything in between. And that's the very point of the organization--to prove that no person can be summed

up in just one word. It seeks to show people that you truly can't judge a book by its cover---or by its title or label.

（1）The “books” in human libraries are____________.

A. long-held beliefs attracting individuals

B. inspiring stones motivating people in trouble

C. events in which people can talk to volunteers

D. unfairly-treated people sharing their experiences

（2）The event in Copenhagen is significant because it_______.

A. aimed to help the young suffering from violence

B. attempted to replace traditional physical libraries

C. laid a foundation for the Human Library Organization

D. led to a pleasing development for the community with racism

（3）In human libraries, the readers are likely to_________.

A. deepen their understanding of people

B. enrich their own personal experiences

C. hear the stories from all over the world

D. make quick judgments about the “books”

（4）The main purpose of the passage is to _________.

A. compare and evaluate

B. inform and explain

C. discuss and persuade

D. analyze and suggest

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】这是一篇介绍说明类文章。文章介绍了有关“the Human Library”的相关信息。在the Human Library，读者可以和来自各行各业志愿者们交谈，了解他们的经历和故事，加深对他人的了解。

（1）细节理解题。由第二段中的“At a Human Library, instead of books, you can “borrow” people. Individuals volunteer as human “books” and participants in the event can “read” the book--meaning they would have a one-on-one conversation with the volunteer and share in a dialogue about that individual's experience. “Books” are volunteers from all walks of life who have experienced discrimination (歧视) based on race, religion, class, gender identity, age, lifestyle choices, disability and other aspects of their life” 可知，Human Library的“书”实际上人，这些人来自各行各业，他们经历了种族，宗教，性别等方面的歧视。读者们可以和这些人交谈，了解他们的经历。故答案选D。

（2）推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“The Human Library Organization came to be in Copenhagen, Denmark in 2000. Ronni Abergel, his brother Dany, and some colleagues hosted a four-day during a major Northern European festival, hoping to raise awareness about violence among youth. After the success of this event, Abergel founded the Human Library Organization, which has been growing ever since”可知，Ronni Abergel，他的兄弟Dany以及一些同事举行了为期四天的活动，希望提高人们对青年人暴力的意识。在这次活动成功之后，Abergel建立了the Human Library Organization，该组织一直在发展中。由此可知，在Copenhagen举行的活动的成功导致了the Human Library Organization的成立，结合选项可推知，该活动奠

定了该组织的基础，故答案选C。

（3）细节理解题。由第四段中的“It provides the opportunity for the community to share and understand the experiences of others in their community”可知，the Human Library给社会给提供了分享和了解别人经历的机会。由此可知，通过the Human Library，人们可以加深对他人的了解。故答案选A。

（4）写作意图题。文章介绍了the Human Library(真人图书馆)的情况。在the Human Library，读者可以和来自各行各业志愿者们交谈，了解他们的经历和故事。文章还介绍了the Human Library的成立的情况。很明显，作者希望通过这篇文章让读者了解the Human Library，结合选项，告知解释。故答案选B。

【点评】推理题的解题方法：（1）抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理。要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。（2）整合全文（段）信息进行推断。有时需要在弄懂全文意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，确定最佳结论。（3）利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断。每篇文章的语境都有一定褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了主人公的特定心理和情绪状态及作者的写作意图，因此利用好文章的语境褒贬性就能在把握主旨文意的基础上对文章进行准确的逻辑判断。（4）根据文章的结论推断作者的态度。作者态度、倾向是指作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不定，对记叙或描写的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之中。（5）根据上下文的逻辑得出结论。逻辑结论是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。（6）结合已有的知识进行推断。知识推断是根据文章中所阐述的细节，运用自己掌握的基础知识进行分析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原义的结论的一种推断方法。

8．阅读理解

When he was young, Louis Armstrong was taking what was called “Creole jazz”, which was also called dance music, and combining it with trumpeter (小号手) Buddy Bolden, to create what would eventually become today's jazz.

Armstrong accomplished that with almost no formal training. He received little training before he was placed in the New Orleans Colored Waif's Home at the age of 12, after a run-in (小争执) with the police. The punishment turned out to be a mixed blessing, for he also had the opportunity to play in a real band.

While at the Waif's, Armstrong also got the chance to hear some of the city's finest musicians. Cornetist Freddie Keppard performed in a nearby club. So did trumpeter and bandleader, King Joe Oliver, who took the boy under his wing and taught him how to read music and work on his playing technique.

When Oliver left for Chicago, Armstrong chose to stay in New Orleans and work with some of the other top musicians of the day. In Chicago, King Oliver offered him a place in his band in 1922. It became Armstrong's biggest challenge yet — the band had no parts written for trumpet, so he was forced to listen to King Oliver and improvise (即兴创作).

Soon, Armstrong's undeniable talent was getting notice. Even classically trained musicians would come to hear the incredible sounds this young man created.

Lil Hardin, the bands piano player and the future Mrs. Armstrong, explains that Oliver kept Armstrong in the second trumpet-chair so that Oli ver would still be “King”. Hardin convinced him to leave the band.

Armstrong moved to New York City in 1924 to join Fletcher Henderson's band and then flew solo. In 1925, Armstrong put together the Hot Five, expanding his popularity even more. Armstrong recorded his first composition, Cornet Chop Suey, one of the most copied jazz solos of all time. This monumental 1928 recording blends (混合) artistry, endurance and showmanship that has rarely, if ever, been matched in Jazz.

（1）What does the underlined wo rd “that” refer to in the second paragraph?

A. To play dance music.

B. To work with Buddy Bolden.

C. To create modem jazz music.

D. To play a jazz instrument well.

（2）Who taught Louis Armstrong how to play music in the early time?

A. Buddy Bolden.

B. Lil Hardin.

C. Cornetist Freddie Keppard.

D. King Joe Oliver.（3）Why did Louis Armstrong Leave King Oliver's band?

A. Because he wanted to get married in New York.

B. Because the man forced him to leave the band.

C. Because he got a better opportunity in New York.

D. Because his talent could not develop completely.

（4）What's the main idea of the passage?

A. It asks readers to know more about modern jazz.

B. It introduces one of the greatest jazz musicians.

C. It introduces the development of jazz.

D. It describes the importance of talent in playing jazz.

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了音乐人Louis Armstrong学习音乐的过程。（1）考查代词指代。根据第一段中的to create what would eventually become today's jazz.由此可知that指上段“...to create what would eventually become today's jazz.”，故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“So did trumpeter and bandleader, King Joe Oliver, who took the boy under his wing and taught him how to read music and work on his playing technique.”小号手兼乐队指挥King Joe Oliver也这么做了，他把小男孩放在自己的侧厅，教他如何阅读音乐，学习演奏技巧。故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“ Lil Hardin, the bands piano player and the future Mrs. Armstrong, explains that Oliver kept Armstrong in the second trumpet-chair so that Oliver would still be “King”. Hardin convinced him to leave the band.”可推断出Louis Armstrong离开King Oliver乐队的原因是因为他的才能不能得到完全发展，故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。全文介绍Armstrong如何成为伟大的爵士音乐家，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

The United States is home to 562 recognized American Indian Nations each with its own language.

Yet the number of native. Americans with the ability to speak their tribe's language has decreased over the past century.

Now, Indian Nations are trying different ways to expand the number of native speakers, and increase interest in their communities to learn tribal languages.

Since the late 1800s many American Indian children have attended boarding schools. At that time, Indian children were required to attend schools by law, and the government forced Indian families to send their children to such schools.

The children were separated from their families. and given English name The teachers often taught native American students in English, instead of the language of their parents. They were told they needed to learn English in order to get a job, earn money and buy a house or nice things.

However, fearing a loss of history and culture, the Indian Nations are experimenting with new ways to increase the language ability of tribal members.

At least one organization is turning to modern technology---The Sealaska Heritage Institute, a nonprofit group, has developed two apps for speakers of the Tlingit language.

The "Learning Tlingit" app serves as a reference for important language topics such as conversation phrases, number, and letters.

The Tlingit tribe has about 10, 000 members. They live mainly in southeastern Alaska. But as of 2013, the tribe had only 125 native speakers left. in addition, very few young people are able to speak Tlingit.

Currently there are two apps, called "Learning Tlingit" and "Tlingit Language Games". The "Learning Tlingit" app serves as a language guide. It provides Tlingit words and expressions, the tribal alphabet, as well as a basic list of the words included. With the "Tlingit Language Games" app, users are given a choice of different places of environments, like a house, forest or ocean.（1）What is the problem the native Americans are facing now?

A.The number of native Americans has been increasing.

B.Fewer and fewer native Americans speak their own language.

C.Their native language has been extinct.

D.It's hard to increase the interest of hearing native languages.

（2）What will be the result if more and more native Americans only speak English?

A.They will get better jobs and higher pay.

B.They will teach their own children to speak English.

C.They will lose their history and culture.

D.They will get along well with the government.

（3）What can we know about Tlingit?

A.It can help the native people know some language topics.

B.It can help the: native people earn money and buy a. house or nice things

C.It is a very popular app among the native speakers

D.It is a native language spoken by fewer than 200 people.

（4）What is the main idea of the passage?

A.American Indian tribes' efforts to increase native speakers.

B.Reasons for the disappearance of some American Indian languages.

C.Ways to help the native tribes lead a traditional life.

D.The popularity of the language learning apps.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，美国的印第安人正在使用新的方法来增加本族语言的使用，否则，他们的本族语言将面临严重的危机。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Yet the number of native. Americans with the ability to speak their tribe's language has decreased over the past century. ”但是能说他们本族语言的本地美国人的数量在过去的一个世纪中已将减少。可知，会说本族语的美国土著的人数在过去的一个多世纪中已经减少了，故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第六段中的“However, fearing a loss of history and culture, the Indian Nations are experimenting with new ways to increase the language ability of tribal members.”然而，害怕失去自己的历史和文化，许多印第安部落尝试新的方法来提升族人的本族语使用能力。可知，如果越来越多的族人只说英语，他们将会失去自己的历史和文化。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第九段中的“The Tlingit tribe has about 10, 000 members. They live mainly in so utheastern Alaska. But as of 2013, the tribe had only 125 native speakers left.”特林吉特部落有大约一万人。他们主要居住在阿拉斯加东南部。但是就2013年的统计，这个部落只有125人可以说自己民族的语言，可知，现在仅仅有不到两百人可以说这种语言了，故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。本文前六段描述了美国印第安人在民族语言方面面临的处境以及这一处境引起的担忧，最后四段提出了针对这一问题的解决方案：美国的印第安人正在使用新的方法（app）来增加本族语使用人数。选项A中efforts能凸显人们这一问题的担心及在努力寻求解决方案方面所做的努力。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

At one time or another in your life you have probably done origami, even if it was just making a paper airplane or something more complicated like a paper crane. The chances are that as you did it, you reflected on how inventive this traditional art is. Animals, boxes, flowers, boats: it all can be created from a single square or rectangular sheet of paper simply by folding it. No cutting, no pasting.

But did you ever stop to think how the same techniques might be applied to engineering? Equipment that could be of real practical use? Origami meets the demand for things that need to be small when transported and large when they arrive, like the everyday umbrella. In fact, origami-inspired creations have already flown in space; in 1995, Japanese engineers launched a satellite with solar panels that folded like a map.

'It's now mathematically proven that you can pretty much fold anything," says physicist Robert J. Lang, who quit his engineering job eight years ago to fold things full time. Lang, an origami enthusiast since age six, advised a advised well-known ear manufacturer the best way to fold an airbag into a dashboard. He is currently working on a space telescope lens that, if all goes according to plan, should be able to unfold to the size of a football field.

At the other end of the scale, researchers are also working on tiny folding devices that could lead to breakthroughs in medicine and computing. There's no doubt that computers of the future may contain tiny, folded motors or capacitors for faster processing and better memory.

Applications for origami engineering go further than many of us might imagine. "Some day," says MIT's Erik Demaine, "we'll build reconfigurable (可重构的) robots that can fold on their own from one thing into another, like Transformers. Too much like science fiction to be true? Maybe—though you certainly wouldn't want to bet against it."

（1）What do we know about origami?

A. It consumes lots of time.

B. It involves interesting ideas.

C. It requires complex techniques.

D. It has to do with cutting and pasting.

（2）Which of the following is an application of origami?

A. A space telescope lens can be folded to the size of an umbrella.

B. A satellite is equipped with solar panels and a folded map.

C. An airbag can be better folded into a dashboard of a car.

D. A future computer contains many huge folded motors.

（3）What is Erik Demaine's attitude towards origami engineering?

A. Hopeful

B. Doubtful.

C. Disapproving.

D. Ambiguous.

（4）In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?

A. Entertainment.

B. Culture.

C. Education.

D. Pop-science.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，折纸是一种具有创造性的传统艺术，而现在它已经被应用到技术工程领域，人们利用折纸原理创造出了很多可折叠的装置。折纸工程将在很大程度上影响未来的医药、计算机和机器人行业。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“The chances are that as you did it, you reflected on how inventive this traditional art is. Animals, boxes, flowers, boats: it all can be created from a single square or rect angular sheet of paper simply by folding it. No cutting, no pasting.”可知，折纸是一个具有创造性的传统艺术，我们不用裁剪或拼贴，只通过折叠就可以把一张正方形或者三角形的纸变成动物、纸盒、花、船等东西，由此推测折纸需要有创造性的和有趣的想法。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Lang, an origami enthusiast since age six, advised a well-known ear manufactur er the best way to fold an airbag into a dashboard.”可知折纸爱好者Lang向一位制造商建议了把安全气囊折叠到仪表盘中的最佳方式。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Applications for origami engineering go further than many of us might imagine”可知Erik Demaine认为折纸工程的应用远远超出了我们的想象，由此可推测Erik Demaine对折纸工程的未来充满希望。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“in 1995, Japanese engineers launched a satellite with solar panels that folded like a map.”；第三段中的“Lang, an origami enthusiast since age six, advised a advised well-known ear manufacturer the best way to fold an airbag into a dashbo ard.”；第四段中的“There's no doubt that computers of the future may contain tiny, folded motors or capacitors for faster processing and better memory. ”和第五段中的“‘Some day,’ says MIT's Erik Demaine, ‘we'll build reconfigurable (可重构的) robots that can fold on their own from one thing into another, like Transformers.’”可知卫星，安全气囊的折叠，未来电脑的发展和未来可重构机器人，这些都和科学技术相关，故推测本文很有可能出现在报纸的科学板块。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。