中考定语从句讲解.docx

一、概念：He is the boy who often qoes to school late.
一先行词关紊肓定语从句
二关系词:关系代词that, which, who (whom, whose)
关系副词where, when，why
三、关系代词引导的定语从句：。

一般情况下，当先行词指人时，用that, who或whom引导
当先行词指物时，只能用which。

只用that不用which：
1. 先行词为形容词最高级所修饰：This is the longest bridge that I have ever seen. 2•先行词为序数词所修饰：This is the first composition that he has ever written in English.
3•児行词有人有物：They talked of things and persons that happened in the school ・
4. 主句是who或which开头的特殊疑问句屮的定语从句
Who is the man that came this morning?
Which is the bag that you lost?
5. 先行词为the only, the very, the last, the same所修饰的定语从句
He is the very person that the police are looking for.
This is the only thing that I can remember.
6•先行词是everything, nothing, something, all, little, much, everybody 等不定彳弋词Tell us everyth!ng that you know, please・
Is there anything that you dorTt understand?
7•先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much 修饰时
All that glitters is not gold・
Pve read all the books that you gave me.。

只用which不用that：
1. 关系代词前有介词时：
This is the house in which Tom once lived.这是汤姆曾经住过的房子。

2. 在非限定性定语从句(常用，与主句隔开，如果去掉逗号，整个句子仍能表达完整的意义)
They are talking about the TV play, which they saw last night.
注意：① 关系代词在从句屮作主语时，从句的谓语动词用单数还是复数应由先行词决定。

The man who lives downstairs speaks English well.
The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow
・
②当关系代词在定语从句屮作宾语时，往往可以省略。

Mrs・ Smith (whom) you met yesterday is a friend of mine.
This is the book (which) you are looking for.
There are some films (that) Td like to see・
③口语屮作为宾语的关系代词whom也可用who,且也可以省略。

The man (whom / who) you were talking about has come to our school.
④关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，介词可以放在whom, which Z前（不可
故在that之前）
The man （whom） I borrowed the book from is Li Lei.
—► The man from whom I borrowed the book is Li Lei.
The house （which） he lives in is quite largeo —> The house in which he lives is quite large・
应注意，如果介词位于关系代词Z前，关系代词不可省略。

若定语从句中谓语动词是固定搭配的词组，则其后的介词或副词不可前移至关系代词之前。

The dictionary which you are looking for is on the desk.你在寻找的那本词典在桌
子上。

The sick man whom she is taking care of is her farther. 她在照顾的病人是她父亲。

whose:谁的表示所属关系后面紧跟名词可指人指物
Do you know the girl whose name is Lily?
指物时，whose= of which
The novel whose title is red and black is intersting= the title of which
四.关系副词引导的定语从句：
当引导词在句屮作状语时，应用适当的关系副词。

表示时间用when,表示地点用where,表示原因用why。

二吩词+关系代词”形式。

定语从句屮的谓语动词（该动词是不及物动词）习惯上常与什么介词搭配使用
In the dark street, there wasn't a single person _______ she could turn for help.
A. that
B. who
C. from whom
D. to whom
构成固定短语"turn to sb. for help （向某人求助）” D
The hotel where/at which the visitors are staying is very expensive.。

辨析关系代词？关系副词：主要看后面的谓语动词可否直接连先行词，或者说缺不缺成分
1 • Is this the farm ___ they visited the day before yesterday? That
2. This is the house ____ I lived last year. Where
3. I shall never forget those days __ I lived in the army with the soldiers , __ has
a great
effect on my life. A.that ;which B.when;which C.when;who D.which; that o why:引导限定性定语从句修饰先行词reason,在定语从句屮充当原因状语。

I don't know the reason why he came so late.我不知道他来得那么晚的原因。

That is the reason why I don*t want to go.那就是我不想去的理由。

Othe reason why+主语+谓语+宾语（why祚状语）
the reson that+主语+谓语（that作宾语）
the teacher can f t accept the reason that he explained
That is the reason that he can't say.
That is the reason why he can't say it
五.as
as作为关系代词，习惯上用于下列词组：the same•…as such ...as as ... as, so...as
1 ・ Take as many books as you want.
2. Here is so big a st one as no man can lift.
3. He read such books as will make him wiser.
4. The town is about the same distanee from Nanjing as Yangzhou is.
As用于非限制性定语从句，常见以下句型：
as you know, as we have seen, as is known to all, as anybody can see, as was expected, as we can imaqine, as has been pointed out
六、关系代词what和that, which的区别：
He told us the things that he had seen. -> He told us what he had seen. This is the words which I said・~> This is what I said・
可以看出what实际上等于是先he thing that(which)：即""先行词+关系词I。