动词不定式被动语态讲解
动词不定式的被动语态
省略to的动词不定式在被动语态中如何应用,to该如何还原?
感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。
例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something
see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something
A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed b y.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
带有to的不定式怎样变被动语态?
比如:People oughtn't to criticze her for this matter.
ought to do中，to do并不是不定式，ought to 应看作一个整体，相当于一个情态动词，所以这个句子变不定式应按情态动词的变法：
can do --> can be done
ought to do --> ought to be done
People oughtn't to criticze her for this matter.
-->
She oughtn't to be criticized (by people) for this matter.。
动词不定式讲解
动词不定式不定式具有动词的性质，在句中有自己的宾语，并可被状语所修饰。
同时还具有名词、形容词、和副词的性质，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等成分。
一作主语1不定式可做主语To hesitate means failure犹豫不决就意味着失败To become a good teacher was my hope.2经常把it放在句首做形式主语，而把真正主语（不定式）放在句末It is very difficult to solve this problem.二作表语不定式可做表语，说明或解释主语的内容Our purpose is to finish the job in the three weeks.三不定式作宾语The children refused to listen to me1有些动词常跟不定式做宾语：agree,decline,refuse,offer,promise,choose,decide,determine,attempt,intend,manage,fail,ask,hope,want,expect,long,wish,tend,desire,seek,claim,pl an,prepare,learn,volunteer,pretend,dare,afford,arrange,beg,demand,happen,bear,hesitate,prefer,strive,threaten等2如果动词后有不定式做宾语而后又跟宾补，这时要用it做形式宾语，而将不定式放到补语后I find it difficult to solve this problem.四不定式作宾补1有些动词后常跟不定式做宾补My parents won’t allow me to stay out late这些动词有：advise,command,force,allow,encourage,instruct,ask,entitle,beg,expect,invite,compel,forbid,like,mean,tempt,oblige,remind,urge,order,want,permi t,wish等2在某些动词短语如rely on,depend on ,wait for等后面，也可跟不定式做补语You can’t depend on him to come punctually.3在think,consider,believe ,find,feel,know,declare,guess,prove,suppose,imagine,judge等词后面，常跟to be+adj/n，但to be常常省略She believes him( to be )honest4hope,demand,suggest等动词后面不可接动词不定式做宾补He hoped his sister to lend him a hand (F)He hoped that his sister would lend him a hand (T)五不定式做定语1不定式用在the first,the second,the last,the next,the only,等短语后面以及形容词最高级修饰的名词后做定语He was the first to arrive2 不定式做定语与被修饰的中心词之间常表现为动宾关系，如果不定式是不及物动词或不定式本身已有宾语，其后应该有必要的介词。
动词不定式的基本用法归纳
往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后，而用it作形式 宾语。句型为“主语+find (make,feel, think, believe, consider, etc) +it+形容词/名词+to do sth”。
1.There was nothing to do in the evening but __A___. A.read B.to read C.reading D.is reading
2.There is nothing we can do but wait__D____. A. as calm as possible B. as possible as we can
to ___________ if he wants to win.
句型：think/ consider/believe/ find/make/feel it + adj./n.+ to do
C．动词不定式还可以用作介词宾语，但仅限于介词 except和but（除了）。 1) They did nothing except_______( work). 2) There is no choice but _________( wait).
(2). He pretended to be sleeping.
(进行式表示在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作 也正在进行)
(3).She pretended to have known it before.
(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)
(4).We’re happy to have been working with you.(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的
英语被动语态知识点总结讲解
英语被动语态知识点总结讲解被动语态是英语常考常用句型结构，这一个知识点也是我们必须要掌握的，下面就是小编给大家带来的英语被动语态知识点总结讲解，希望能帮助到大家!被动语态复习 ABCA.熟记结构被动语态的结构为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(p.p)”。
被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。
其具体变化为：一般现在时：am/is/are+p.p.一般过去时：was/were+p.p.一般将来时：shall /will be +p.p.现在完成时：have /has been +p.p.现在进行时：am/is/are+being+p.p.过去将来时：should /would be +p.p.含情态动词的被动结构：情态动词+be+p.p.例如：① Chinese ______ by the largest number of people.(选D。
考查一般现在时的被动语态)A.speakB.is speakingC.speaksD.is spoken② The boy ______ to get supper ready after school.(选C。
考查一般过去时的被动语态)A.were toldB.is tellingC.was toldD.tells③ A lot of new roads ______ built in the west of China.(选B。
考查含情态动词的被动语态)A.mustB.must beC.hasD.haveB.明确用法被动语态常用于以下两种情况：1.不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者;2.强调动作的承受者。
例如：这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。
The tree ______ ______ by that boy. (填was broken)C.熟练转换1.将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为：①将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语;②谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态;③主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。
非谓语动词用法精讲动词不定式与被动语态的用法
非谓语动词用法精讲动词不定式与被动语态的用法动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式，可以用来表示动作、状态、目的、结果等，并且在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。
本文将对动词不定式的用法进行精讲，并探讨与被动语态的关系。
一、动词不定式的基本形式动词不定式的基本形式是由“to + 动词原形”构成，如：to eat，to play，to sleep等。
根据句子的需要，动词不定式可以进行时态的变化、情态动词的变化和宾语的变化。
1. 动词不定式的时态变化动词不定式能够表达的时态有现在时、过去时和将来时。
以动词“to study”为例，其时态变化如下：现在时：to study（一般现在时）；to be studying（进行时）；to have studied（完成时）；过去时：to have studied（一般过去时）；to have been studying（过去进行时）；将来时：to be going to study（将来时）；to be about to study（即将发生）。
2. 动词不定式与情态动词的变化情态动词与动词不定式联用时，情态动词的形式保持不变，而动词不定式则仍保持原来的基本形式。
如：I can swim.（我会游泳。
）She must be careful.（她必须小心。
）He should apologize.（他应该道歉。
）3. 动词不定式作宾语动词不定式常常作为动词的宾语，说明动作或状态的对象。
常见的动词有want, hope, decide, plan, try, like等。
如：She wants to learn Chinese.（她想学中文。
）I hope to visit Beijing next year.（我希望明年去北京。
）4. 动词不定式作表语动词不定式还可以作表语，说明主语的身份、职业、爱好等。
如：Her dream is to be a teacher.（她的梦想是成为一名教师。
被动语态讲解（1）主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤：
被动语态讲解（1）主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤：初中被动语态语法讲解主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤：1、把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语2、把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。
3、原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。
4、其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。
(一) 语态分类英语动词有两种语态.，主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
如：They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动)A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动)汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。
(二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。
一般现在时：am / is / are + done一般过去时：was / were + done一般将来时：shall / will + be done一般过去将来时：should / would + be done现在进行时：am / is / are + being + done过去进行时：was / were + being + done现在完成时：have / has + been + done过去完成时：had + been + done将来完成时：shall / will + have been + done过去将来完成时：should / would + have been + done［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。
(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态1. 一般现在时：(1)People grow rice in the south of the country.Rice is grown in the south of the country.(2)The school doesn't allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.2. 一般过去时：(1)They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.(2)The students didn't forget his lessons easily.His lessons were not easily forgotten3. 一般将来时：(1)They will send cars abroad by sea.Cars will be sent abroad by sea.(2)They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers.Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers.4. 过去将来时：(1)The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year. The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. (2) The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible.The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible.5. 现在进行时：(1)The radio is broadcasting English lessons.English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.(2) We are painting the rooms.The rooms are being painted.6. 过去进行时：(1)The workers were mending the road.The road was being mended.(2)This time last year we were planting trees here.Trees were being planted here this time last year.7. 现在完成时：(1)Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off.I have been told the sports meeting might be put off.(2)He has brought his book here.His book has been brought here.8. 过去完成时：(1)When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets.When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out.(2) The whole country was very sad at the news of his death; People had considered him to be a great leader.He had been considered to be a great leader(四）含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+ 及物动词的过去分词”构成。
动词不定式的被动语态要点归纳
动词不定式的被动语态要点归纳1. 一般来说，如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是动作的执行者，动词不定式用主动式；如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者，动词不定式用被动式。
如：He gave orders for the work to be done at once. 他下令那项工作要立刻完成。
（“work”为动词不定式的逻辑主语，“to do”这个动作不是逻辑主语发出的，故动词不定式要用被动式）He ordered us to do the work at once. 他命令我们立刻完成那项工作。
（“us”为动词不定式的逻辑主语，“to do”这个动作是逻辑主语发出的，故动词不定式用主动式）2. 在“主语+ be + 形容词或某些名词+ 动词不定式”结构中，常可看作是省略了动词不定式的逻辑主语for sb 结构，故动词不定式用主动式。
如：The car is difficult (for us) to repair. 这辆汽车很难修理。
The book is great fun (for us) to read. 这本书读起来很有趣。
She is not easy (for us) to get along with. 她不大容易相处。
3. There be 结构后面的动词不定式用主动语态或被动语态均可；有时意义有所不同，应根据特定的语境来确定其形式。
如：There is a lot to do / to be done today. 今天有很多事要做。
There is nothing to do now. 现在没什么事可做。
There is nothing to be done now. 现在没有什么办法。
4. 动词不定式作定语时，如果句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语，该动词不定式用主动式。
如：He has two letters to write tonight. 他今晚有两封信要写。
（“He”为动词不定式的逻辑主语）You have given me much to read. 你让我看的东西已经很多了。
非谓语动词to do不定式讲解
非谓语动词to do不定式讲解
非谓语动词中的to do不定式是英语语法中的一个重要部分，它表示动作尚未发生或即将发生，具有不确定性。
以下是关于to do不定式的详细讲解：
1. 用法：to do不定式在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分，用于表达各种不同的意义和语气。
2. 时态：to do不定式有多种时态形式，包括一般式（to do）、进行式（to be doing）、完成式（to have done）等，根据不同的语境选择不同的时态形式。
3. 语态：to do不定式有被动语态和主动语态两种形式。
被动语态用于表示主语是动作的接受者，主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
4. 否定形式：to do不定式的否定形式是在前面加上“not”或者“never”，例如“to not do”或者“never to do”。
5. 独立结构：在某些情况下，to do不定式可以作为独立结构出现，例如“To err is human.（人非圣贤，孰能无过。
）”。
6. 习惯搭配：to do不定式常常与一些固定搭配一起使用，例如“want to do”（想要做）、“plan to do”（计划做）等。
总之，to do不定式是一个非常灵活的非谓语动词形式，在不同的语境中有不同的用法和意义。
通过掌握其基本用法和规则，能够更好地理解和运用这种语言现象，提高英语表达能力。
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动词不定式被动语态讲解 Prepared on 24 November 2020Book7unit2动词不定式被动语态形一、复习各种时态的被动语态★被动语态的基本结构:be+done（以thebook,publish为例）一般现在/过去时：Thebook is/waspublished.一般/过去将来时:Thebook will/wouldbepublished.Thebook is/wasgoingtobepublished.现在/过去进行时：Thebook is/wasbeingpublished.现在/过去完成时:Thebook has/hadbeenpublished.情态动词：Thebook can/could/may/might…bepublished.二、不定式的被动式的基础知识：1）一般式：（not/never）tobedone2）完成式：（not/never）tohavebeendone（表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前）三、▲通常在believe,suppose,say,report等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换.如:TheysaythatMikeissickinbed.=ItissaidthatMikeissickinbed.=Mikeissaidtobesickinbed.据说麦克卧床不起.Peoplebelievethathewaskilled.=Itisbelievedthathewaskilled.=Heisbelievedtohavebeenkilled.大家相信他被杀了.四、当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者而非发出者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式(tobedone).语法功能：1．作主语：Itisanhonourforme tobeasked tospeakhere.2．作宾语：Sheasked tobesent toworkinXinjiang.3．构成复合宾语：Hewantedtheletter tobetyped atonce.Shedidn’tlikeherself tobepraised likethat.4．构成复合谓语：Thebooksarenotallowed tobetakenoutoftheroom.5．作定语：Areyougoingtothemeeting tobeheld intheteachers’office6．作状语：Shewastooyoung tobeassigned suchwork.五、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式tohavebeendone（表示该动作是发生在主句之前的一个被动动作），在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等，如：Itisagoodthingforhim tohavebeencriticized.（主语）Shepreferred tohavebeengiven heavierworktodo.(宾语)）Hethoughtitanhonour tohavebeeninvited totheparty.（复合宾语）Thebookissaid tohavebeentranslated intomanylanguages.（复合谓语）Shewasthefirstwoman tohavebeenelected tosuchapost.（定语）六、不定式的主动形式表示被动1．Therebe结构中，用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语，区别不大。
(多用主动形式) 例如：Thereisalotofwork todo/tobedone.Thereisnotime tolose/tobelost.译：没有什么可担心的。
________________________________Thereisnothingtoworryabout.注意以下两点：(1)如果不定式结构加了"forsb."表示的逻辑主语时Therearestillmanyquestionsforustodiscuss.(us与discuss主谓关系，用主动todiscuss) Therearealotofreasonsforthebooktobepublished.(thebook与publish是动宾关系，用被动tobepublished)(2)某些动词(do,see)的不定式特殊用法时，两种形式所表示的意思不同。
比较：Thereisnothingtodonow.(Wehavenothingtodonow.)Thereisnothingtobedonenow.(Wecandonothingnow.)Thereisnothingtosee.(Nothingisworthseeing.)Thereisnothingtobeseen.(Nothingisthereatall.)2．在“主语+be+adj+todo”句型中：常见的adj有hard，amusing，interesting，cheap，difficult，dangerous，easy，nice，important，. Thatquestionisdifficulttoanswer.Heisanimpossiblepersontoworkwith．但若要强调句中的受事者，也可用不定式的被动式：Thehandwritingisdifficulttoberead.★注意：如果动词为不及物动词，则要注意介词的搭配。
Johnisdifficulttodealwith.分析：_________(动)----________(宾)）译：这扶手椅坐起来很舒服。
___________________________________这题目很难算出来。
______________________________________ ThearmchairiscomfortabletositinThequestionisdifficulttoworkout3.当上述第2题中形容词在句中作宾语补足语，后接不定式：Ifoundhimeasytogetalongwith.Theydon’tthinkthegameinterestingtoplay. Ifindthelecturedifficulttounderstand.4.在“too—todo;enough…to…”结构中。
如：Theproblemistoodifficulttoworkout(tobeworkedout)．Thehouseisbigenoughtolivein.（不及物动词要补出相应的介词）但若要强调句中的受事者，也可用被动式：Thisboxistooheavytobelifted.5．在“with+n+todo”结构中。
（和逻辑主语是主动关系）例如：Withnothingtodo，helayinbed．Withsomanyexercisestodo，Ican‘tgotothecinema．6．当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。
例如：Ihaveameetingtoattend.。
(toattend与I有主谓关系，即I是逻辑主语) Givehimsomebookstoread.(toread与him有主谓关系，即him是逻辑主语) 如果不属于上述情况，则表示被动意义时仍需要用被动形式。
试比较下面两句：(bymeorsomeoneelse)（totake与you没有主谓关系,即you不是逻辑主语）练习：填写括号中动词的适当形式haveameeting______(attend)today.gavemesomebooks_______(read).’mgoingtoBeijingnextweek.Doyouhaveanything__________(take)toyourparents 7．一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。
常见的这类动词有let(出租)，rent，hire，blame等。
例如：Thehouseistorent.Nobodywastoblamefortheaccident.但是，具有对比意义时，仍用被动形式。
例如：Theroomistoberented,nottobesold.。
Sheistobepraised,nottobeblamed.Exercise,语法检测一．根据括号内的动词填入正确形式。
(repair).(catch)bythepolice.(take)inourcompanyatonce.,Thomaswasbelieved______________(steal)it.(admit)toZhongshan University.(translate)intoseverallanguages.(welcome)intotheirsociety.!Itisaneasysentence______________(translate).,hepretendedto_____________.(read)(notdrive)afterdrinking.’tknowwhetheryouhappen______________(hear),butI’（punish)byhisteacheryesterday. (clean).(worry)about..Doyouhaveanyletter______________(post)(notcatch)intherain.’(take)toyourwifethere(wash),sir”askedthemaid.(wash)二、翻译练习1.据说这会议已经被取消了.______________________________________________________________2.这个学生似乎已经对政治失去了兴趣。
______________________________________________________________3.残疾人不喜欢被别人嘲笑。
______________________________________________________________4.没有可以可以浪费的时间了。
______________________________________________________________5.能被邀请进这个英语俱乐部，是一大荣幸.______________________________________________________________6.她假装没有听懂我说的话.______________________________________________________________7.我希望被中山大学录取。