新编英语教程讲义
Unit 1 Book 4
THIS YEAR IT’S GOING TO BE DIFFERENT
文化背景：New Year’s resolutions; Stephen Leacock
语篇特点：幽默、口语化的描写
语言知识：resolutions; be blessed with; spontaneous; sneak up on; thrown in the sponge; go to reason;
1. Difficult Sentences
1. (LL1-2, Para. 1)
New Year’s resolutions are like anything else—you get out of them what you put in.
What does this sentence mean?
→As the saying goes, “As you sow, so will you reap”, which means whatever a man sows he will reap. The writer intends to convince the reader that making New Year’s resolutions also follows this maxim. The more resolutions you make at the beginning of the year, the better results you will have.
2. (LL5-7, Para. 1)
Pretty clearly, anyone who followed my collection of rules would be blessed with a richer life, boundless love from his family, and the admiration of the community.
Paraphrase this sentence.
→Quite obviously, anyone who was determined to be guided by the rules of self-improvement I collected would be happy and have an eventful life, infinite affection from his family and the respect of the community.
3. (LL2-3, Para. 2)
Be spontaneous in showing affection.
Paraphrase this sentence.
→ Show your love readily and willingly.
4. (LL3-4, Para. 2)
“Don’t ever sneak up on me like that again!”
What does this sentence mean?
→ Never creep up on me like that again!
Why did Maggie react to her husband’s kiss in this way?
→ Probably the husband seldom did this kind of romantic thing (steal a kiss from behind) before.
5. (LL1-2, Para. 3)
A sincere compliment is worth its weight in gold.
Paraphrase this sentence.
→ Whole-hearted and genuine praise is very valuable.
6. (L1, Para. 4)
“It wasn’t my idea to stay out until four a.m.”
What does this sentence mean?
→I didn’t want to remain outs ide until four in the morning! It was your idea!
Was Maggie pleased to hear the “sincere compliment”? Why or why not?
→Maggie was very much annoyed by the “sincere compliment”, because she didn’t look “lovely” at all due to lack of sleep. Therefore, she t hought her husband was speaking sarcastically.
7. (L2, Para. 8)
Roy sure is smart.
What did Sammy mean?
→“Sure” is often used in colloquial American English, meaning “certainly”. “Roy sure is smart” means “Roy certainly is clever.” By making such a remark, Sammy actually suggested that his father was not so bright.
8. (LL2-3, Para. 9)
Meet your child at his own level.
Paraphrase this sentence.
→ Join your children and treat them as your equals. / Speak, act and think as your children do.
9. (L1, Para. 10)
It isn’t either happy.
What should be the normal order of this sentence? What does the sentence mean?
→The normal order of the sentence is: “It isn’t happy, either.” The word “either” in the sentence shows emphasis. The sentence is an example of child talk, meaning “It isn’t happy at all!” or “It’s very unhappy.”
10. (LL4-5, Para. 12)
I’ll bet the fellows are swarming around.
What is the meaning of this sentence?
→The sentence means “I’m sure many young men are after you.”
Do you think it is appropriate for the writer to s ay something about “the fellows swarming around” to Marilyn?
→No, it is inappropriate. And that’s why Marilyn thought she was cross-examined by the writer.
11. (Line 1, Para. 15)
There was a series of shrieks down the hall. I found Gretchen in tears.
Paraphrase this sentence.
→ I heard screams down the hall one after another and I found Gretchen crying.
12. (Line 1, Para. 16)
I suggested that they carve something for their mother—like a salad spoon.
What is the meaning of this sentence?
→The sentence means “I suggested that they should carve something for their mother, for example, a salad spoon, by using the scout knife.”
13. (LL1-2, Para. 19)
The most trivial chore can prove rewarding if approached with zest.
Paraphrase this sentence.
→ The most unimportant light task may turn out to be worthwhile if it is dealt with eagerly and enthusiastically.
14. (LL4-5, Para. 21)
I struck up a conversation with Kit, trying to establish some kind of rapport.
Paraphrase this sentence.
→ I started to have a conversation with Kit in a friendly way and tried my best to achieve close agreement and understanding between us.
15. (L6, Para. 21)
Anybody else would have thrown in the sponge…
What does “throw in the sponge” mean?
→ The idiom “throw in the sponge/towel” comes from boxing. It means “to admit that you have been defeated.”
Paraphrase this sentence.
→ Anybody else would have admitted defeat and given up.
16. (LL2-3, Para. 24)
…they had the nerve to say you suggested it.
What does this sentence mean?
→The sentence means “they were rude enough to say that you suggested that they carve my salad spoon”.
17. (L3, Para. 24)
Kit has been in a poisonous mood.
What is the meaning of this sentence?
→ It means that “Kit has been in a very bad temper”.
18. (L1, Para. 26)
You never bothered with small talk before. Why start now?
Paraphrase this sentence.
→ You never troubled yourself to chat with people in the past. Why do you want to start doing it now?
19. (LL2-3, Para. 28)
If the kids do something and you get mad, they know where they stand.
What is the meaning of this sentence?
→It means “If the children do something and you become angry, they know they are wrong”.
20. (L3, Para. 34)
And when I tell you to do something, jump!
What is the meaning of this sentence?
→It means “When I tell you to do something, hurry up and do it”.
2. Words and Expressions
1. (L1 Para. 1) resolution: n. decision or mental pledge to do or not to do something
* She’s always making good resolutions but s he never carries them out.
* He lacked the resolution to get through medical school.
* Courage and resolution are the spirit and soul of virtue. (=勇敢和决心是美德的灵魂。) 2. (L3 Para. 1) self-improvement: n. improvement of one’s condition through one’s own efforts
V ocabulary Extension:
self-confidence n. 自信
self-control n. 自制力
self-criticism n. 自我批评
self-conceit n. 自负
self-centered adj. 以自我为中心的；只顾自己的
self-conscious adj. 害羞的；忸怩的
self-determination n.（国家、民族的）自决权；自主
self-discipline n. 自我约束力；律己
self-esteem n. 自尊心
self-educated adj. 自学的
self-evident adj. 显而易见的；不言而喻的
self-respect n. 自尊；自重
3. (L6 Para. 1) be blessed with: to have a special ability, good quality, etc.
* Fortunately my parents are both blessed with good health.
* His brother is blessed with an inquisitive mind.
* Peter had not been blessed with a sense of humor.
* 墨菲夫人有7个孩子，真有福气。(=Mrs. Murphy is blessed with 7 children.) blessing: n. something good that you feel very grateful or lucky to have
* Rivers are a blessing for an agricultural country.
* The fine weather has been a blessing for farmers.
* 所幸你的孩子住得这么近。(=It’s a blessing that you r children live so near.)
* Having someone you can confide in is a real blessing. (=有个你可以说说心里话的人真是件幸事。)
4. (L1 Para. 2) kitchen sink: n. a large basin in the kitchen for washing things
5. (L2 Para. 2) spontaneous: adj. acting immediately from natural feelings
* I joined in the spontaneous applause.
* Both sides burst into spontaneous cheers at the skilful play.
* He was suddenly filled with tears of spontaneous emotion. (=他突然激动得热泪盈眶。) 6. (L3 Para. 2) sneak: v. to move somewhere quietly and secretly; to take something secretly or
illegally
* While his parents were busy, John sneaked off to play.
* She managed to sneak him another piece of cake.
* 他偷了钱后从房子里溜了出去。(=He stole the money and sneaked out of the house.) * 我们偷偷地带一些比萨饼进电影院吧。(=Let’s sneak some pizz a into the cinema.) sneak up: to get very near someone before they notice you
* He sneaked up behind her.
* Don’t sneak up on me like that! (=别那样蹑手蹑脚地走近我！)
* 汤姆喜欢溜到妹妹身后吓她一大跳。(=Tom loves sneaking up on his sister to frighten her.)
7. (L3 Para. 2) shriek: v. to shout in a loud high voice because you are frightened, excited or
surprised
* Cecilia stood in the doorway shrieking abuse at him.
* Everyone was shrieking with laughter in the bar.
* 她看到一条蛇时尖声大叫起来。(=She shrieked when she saw a snake.)
shriek: n. a loud high sound made because you are frightened, excited, angry, etc.
* “This is the best birthday present I’ve ever had,” said Linda with a shriek of delight.
* 突然一声可怕的尖叫吓得过路的人都愣住了。(=A sudden terrible shriek froze the passenger to the spot.)
8. (L1 Para. 3) compliment: n. an expression of praise, admiration or respect
* Mary is used to receiving compliments on her appearance.
* You can do no harm by paying a woman compliments.
* Mum says I’m stubborn, but I’ll take that as a compliment.
* 他对我的烹调技术赞不绝口。(=He kept paying me compliments on my cooking.)
9. (L1 Para. 4) look: interj. to emphasize a point before making a statement (often when the
speaker is a little angry)
(L3 Para. 5) say: interj. to attract attention or to express surprise
(L4 Para. 6) there: interj. to express a feeling of success or triumph
这三个词在课文中都做感叹词(interjection)用，属于美式口语中的常见表达。
* Look, I’ve had enough of this. I’m going home.
* Say, look at that girl over there.
* There! I’ve passed all the levels in this game.
10. (L2 Para. 6) escapement mechanism: device in a clock or watch to regulate the movement 钟
表齿轮的擒纵轮
11. (L2 Para. 11) doctor’s kit: a bag or box containing doctor’s instrument and medicine; a set of
toys for children to play doctor game
V ocabulary Extension:
first-aid kit repair kit shaving kit golfing kit
12. (L4 Para. 12) come now: (old-fashioned) an expression used to encourage the person spoken to,
or persuade him or her.
* Come now, you can do it yourself.
* Come now, things aren’t as bad as you said.
13. (L5 Para. 12) swarm: v. move in a large group or in large numbers
* Lots of photographers were swarming around the actress.
* 球迷们涌到球场上进行庆祝。(=Fans swarmed onto the pitch to celebrate.)
swarm: n. a large group of insects or people moving together
* Swarms of tourists shoved through the square.
* 大批警察包围了这栋楼。(=Swarms of police officers surrounded the building.)
be swarming with: If a place is swarming with people, insects, or animals, it is full of them.
* The beach is swarming with bathers.
* The room was hot and stuffy, and swarming with flies.
* 蜜蜂在花园里成群地飞来飞去。(=The garden was swarming with bees.)
14. (LL2-3 Para. 15) scout knife: a kind of knife used by Boy Scout
Boy Scout 童子军
15. (L2 Para. 18) smart: adj.
1. intelligent
* The smart kids get good grades and go off to college.
2. trying to seem clever in a disrespectful way
* Don’t get smart with me, young man.
3. well-dressed
* Chris was looking smart in his new grey suit.
4. fashionable
* He often dines in that smart restaurant.
16. (L2 Para. 19) approach:
1. v. to deal with a situation/problem in a particular way
* We need to find the best way to approach this problem.
* 政府倾向于采取多种方法来处理这个问题。(=Governments tend to approach the issue from different angles.)
2. v. to move closer to someone or something
* She heard footsteps approaching from behind.
* Winter is fast approaching.
* 选举的日子临近了。(=The day of the election approached.)
3. n. a particular way of thinking about or dealing with something
* We need a fresh approach to sports in education.
* As a writer she takes a completely new approach to the classic horror story.
* 他以一种轻松的态度面对生活。(=He has a relaxed approach to life.)
17. (L2 Para. 19) zest: n. [U] enthusiasm, eagerness, energy and interest
* He approached every task with a boundless zest.
* He retired from professional chess because he had lost the zest for winning.
* 他从未失去对生活的热情。(=He never lost his zest for life.)
18. (L4 Para. 21) strike up: establish (a relationship/conversation with someone)
* It’s not easy to strike up a conversation with a complete stranger.
* He gets really jealous if his girlfriend strikes up a friendship with another man.
* 我们从一见面起就相处得很融洽。(=We struck up a good rapport with each other as soon as we met.)
19. (L5 Para. 21) rapport: friendly agreement and understanding between people
* Andy is always in rapport with his neighbors.
* Mother and daughter usually have a great rapport.
* 许多医生与病人之间关系融洽和睦。(=Many doctors develop an excellent rapport with their patients.)
20. (L2 Para. 24) impossible: adj. Someone who is impossible behaves in a very unreasonable and
annoying way.
* You are impossible! Yesterday you said you didn’t like carrots, and today you won’t eat potatoes!
* 小孩子有时是不可理喻的。(=Young children are impossible at times.)
21. (L4 Para. 24) cross-examine: question someone very closely and severely, especially on court
* The lawyer cross-examined the witnesses of the opposing side to test the truth of their evidence.
* She cros-examined her husband in detail.
V ocabulary Extension:
cross-country adj. 越野的cross-legged adj. 盘着腿的
crossroads n. 十字路口crosstalk n. 相声
crosswalk n. 人行横道crossword n. 纵横填字游戏
22. (L3 Para. 35) sprawl:
1. vi. to sit, lie or fall with the arms and legs spread out loosely
* He was sprawling in an armchair in front of the TV.
2. vi. to stretch over or across something in an ugly and untidy way
* The suburbs sprawl across two hilltops.
3. vt. (usually in passive) spread (oneself) out loosely
* They were sprawled out in front of the fire.
* The students were sprawled out on the grass.
Useful Expressions
1. 有关自我完善的书籍books on self-improvement
2. 有幸拥有更加充实丰富的生活be blessed with a richer life
3. 蹑手蹑脚地走向某人sneak up on sb.
4. 按孩子的水准与他们打交道meet the children at their level
5. 缓和局势ease the situation
6. 为某人做心脏手术perform open-heart surgery on sb.
7. 充满热情地着手做某事approach sth. with zest
8. 建立一种融洽的关系establish a kind of rapport
9. 认输，投降throw in the sponge
10. 好意思、有胆量做某事have the nerve to do sth.
11. 随便聊聊make small talk
12. 比比划划地阐述观点illustrate one’s point with gestures
13. 懒散地躺在地上sprawl on the floor
新编英语教程3第三版翻译答案解析
Unit 1 1. 他们都认为他成功的可能性很小。 They all believed that his chances of success were slim. 2. 我不知道她为何总带有一种闷闷不乐的神情。 I don’t know why she always has an air of sadness. 3. 等到所有同学都就座后，学生会主席才开始宣布野营的日程安排。After all students were seated, the president of the students’ union proceeded to announce the camping itinerary. 4. 胃是人体至关重要的器官，请善待之。 Please take good care of our stomach which is a vital organ of our human body. 5、他认为总经理如此重视那些日常琐事是荒唐的。 He considered it absurd for the general manager to attach so much importance to those routine trifles. 6. 她的研究涉及多种语言和文化，富有挑战性。 Her study was full of challenge, which was concerned with many languages and cultures. 7. 根据安排，全体工作人员依次值晚班。 As is scheduled, all staff should take turns to do late duty. 8. 想到要远离父母独自生活，她深感不安。 She felt upset at the thought of leaving her parents and having an independent living in a remote area.
【免费】新编英语教程7课文讲解(综合英语7)
A New En glish Course (Level 7) Unit One Text I En glish and America n Con cepts of Space I. About the Author --- Edward Twitchell Hall (1914 ---), . anthropologist, author, and teacher, received his . degree in anthropology from Columbia University. He has taught at various institutions, such as Harvard Bus in ess School, the Illi nois In stitute of Tech no logy, and Northwester n Uni versity. His works in clude: The Sile nt Lan guage (1959), a study of nonv erbal com muni cati on, and The Hidde n Dime nsion (1966), a study of “ social and personal space and man ' s perception of it. ” The present text, a selection from The Hidden Dimension , gives a contrast between En glish and America n con cepts of pers onal space. About the author: Dow n the drain Edward ' s The Hidden Dimension, perhaps the scariest book (even scarier than 1984) I ever read. Scary, because it isn ' t fiction, but a rather elaborate essay on anthropology and proxemic behavior. If Hall ' s right, things as disregard for other cultures, mindless urban development and demographic growth have gen erated a behavioral sink in which stress, crime, in tolera nee and physical and psychic disease grow everyday, and to makethings worse, our governments take measures that only accelerate the process. We are all going dow n the drain.
新编英语教程3第一单元答案
Unit 1 To the Student’s Book TEXT 1 Pre-Reading Questions √ 1. The writer describes what his first job was like. __ 2. The writer wanted to have a job because he wanted some experience. √ 3. The writer found his first job unpleasant __ 4. The writer enjoyed his first job 2.The Main Idea(P4) (3)The writer was interviewed by the headmaster of a school and was offered a job which was none too pleasant. 3.Vocabulary(P5) A. Guessing the meanings of words: 1. f 2. h 3. c 4. b 5. g 6. e 7. d 8. a B. Looking up words in a dictionary: 1. inconvenient and uncomfortable 2. sad; low in spirits 3. gloomy; cheerless 4. make a short, deep, rough sound (like a pig), showing dissatisfaction 5. very necessary 6. shock deeply; fill with fear 7. timidly 8. greatest; extreme 4.Questions(P7) 1. What are big staring sash-windows? Reference Answer: They are very large windows, so large that they look like people’s wide open eyes. What is the implied meaning of ―they struggled to survive the dust and fumes from a busy main road’? Reference Answer: They (the four evergreen shrubs) did their best to remain alive in spite of the dust and smoke from a main road with heavy traffic. Describe the appearance of the headmaster in your own words. Reference Answer: He was short and stout. He grew a moustache which was pale reddish yellow. His forehead was covered with freckles. What impression did the hall give the writer? Reference Answer: It was a narrow, dim (unlighted) hall which had an offensive odor of dried up cabbage. The walls, once painted in cream color, had darkened to the color of margarine and in a few places were marked with ink stains. Silence prevailed in the hall. 5. Why do you think the headmaster had ―bloodshot eyes? Reference Answer: Perhaps he liked to have a drop too much. What kind of class was the writer asked to teach? Reference Answer: It was a class of 24 boys who were from seven to thirteen years.
新编英语教程5(第三版)
1) The reason why little girl like Barbie very much is that she looks like real people and can be dressed up in a perfect way. 2) Man-made objects, though out-numbered by natural objects, play a more and more important role in people’s life. 3)The number of man-made object is increasing steeply, compared with the number of natural objects as well as its actual number. 4) The little girl of today would gladly use their old Barbie to exchange the new version of Barbie whereas their mother or grandmother would be reluctant to throw away their dolls until they fall-apart simply, because they are too old nothing could be more obvious than the difference between them. 5)The societies and people that are used to poverty reject the practice of using one product only for once or a short time and then replace it by a new one. 6) It is meaning that less for a man who is fairy old to say that he wants to develop a hobby in this or that form. 7)It is sensible that you further develop the hobby; you already have instead of trying to cultivate a new one. 8)Taking up a hobby and living a more regularized way of life are the most effective way to save them from their boredom. 9)The long hour’s work in the office or factory provides these people with the money so they can live their lives and gives them a strong desire for the simplest pleasure. 10)In fact, it is highly likely that those people who take their work as their pleasure are need to divert their effort from work from time to time urgently. 11)The ability to do the right thing at the right time is essential to a good leader. 12) A leader must be good at exercising his authority (this is a quality that a leader must have) and be able to demonstrate to the people that he does. 13) A leader should find out what the people want to do or have, and guide them to achieve it. 14) If we are not powerful, determined and brave, we can’t except to f ind a good leader, no matter how skilled we are in shopping images, we can’t make him to be what he is not, he is only a representative of all of us. 15) John Dewey has said seriously that the degree that someone’s behavior can influence the custom is the same as the degree that his body talk can influence his mother tongue. 16)The result from a serious study of the custom which is not influence by the outside shows that what Dewey said is just an objective description of the fact. 17) If we still think that our culture is superior to those of the people who we regard as uncivilized, underdeveloped or irreligious, the study anthropology must be meaningless. 18)W e must realized that all the beliefs are based on the same thing, the intangible and should be treated equally along with our own. 19)I believe that people in the society high above me are selfless, pure, noble and very intelligent. 20)But it is difficult for a man of the working class to improve his social status, especially when he was full of objectives and imaginations 21)It is physically strong, and they profited a lot by exploiting my strength, but I only lived a poor life. 22)He was no longer strong enough to make money by selling his strength and had nothing left to him, he had no other choice, but to slide down to the bottom of the society and die there in misery. 23) After 100 years, the black people is still suffering in the isolated part of American society, and he feels like an outcast in his own country. 24) We can see very clearly that as far as the black people are concerned, America didn’t fulfill its promise. 25) We are here to demand the fulfillment of the promises which can guarantee us our freedom and justice. 26)This is not the right time to calm down and adopt gradualism, waiting patiently for a solution.
李观仪新编英语教程第六册翻译
1 由于缺少资金，整个计划失败了The whole plan fell through for want of fund. 2 牛顿被公认为是世界最杰出的科学家之一。Newton is actnowledged as one of the world;s most eminent scientists. 3 他对生产成本的估算总是准确无误He calcuates the cost of production with invariable accuracy 4 公司发言人的不负责任的讲话受到了严厉的指责The spokesman of the corporation was berated for his irresponsible words. 5 这名商业银行的年轻职员看出那张十英镑的假币The young clerk from the commercial bank soitted thecorinterfeit ten-pound note. 6 这个精干的经理立刻行动起来The efficient manager acted promptly 7 请把候补名单上她的名字换成你的名字Pleasure replace her name for yours on the waiting list 8 她觉得她在当地综合医院任实习医师是一段宝贵的经历Shen found that her internship in the local general hospital was a rewarding experience 9 不要感叹过去得不幸，振作起来行前看Don't lament your past misfortunes., keep your shin up and look to the future 1 富兰克林在他的自传里力劝读者要勤俭Franklin exhorted readers to be diligent and thrifty in his Autobiography. 2.谁能证实这签名无讹Who can attest to the genuineness of the signature? 3. 人们给它起了小家伙的绰号。。。He is dubbed “Tiny” because he looks so small for his age. 4.他试图为自己拒绝接受这一劝告辩解He tried to rationalize his refusal to take the advice. 5. 他的一番话引起了我们的不满His words incurred our displeasure. 6. 要我们在这么短的时间内完成这一项工作几乎是不可能的It is virtually
第一册Unit-6新编实用英语教程第4版高教社教案
Unit Six Olympics and Sports Teaching Goals: 1. Understand a sports event poster 2. Invite someone to see a sports event 3. Talk about and comment on a sports event 4. Invite friends to take part in outdoor activities 5. Design and write a sports event poster Focal Points: 1. Understanding and designing a sports event poster 2. Key words and expressions Difficult Points: 1.Talk about and comment on a sports event 2.You should know about Successful Beijing Olympic Games Teaching Time: 8 periods Teaching Procedures and Class Activities SECTION I Talking Face to Face 1 Lead-in activities: Imitating Mini-Talks 1. Warm-up questions: 1) What sports or outdoor activities do you like most? 2) What information do you think a sports event poster should contain? 2. Class Activities: 1. The students read the Mini-Talks after the teacher, and then try to recite them within five minutes in pairs. 2. Ask the students to recite and perform the mini talks in class. 3. The students discuss in groups, summarizing the words, phrases and sentences frequently used according to the following topics with the help of the teacher. The students speak out the sentences under the guidance of the teacher, paying attention to the pronunciation and the intonation. 1) The way to talk about a sports event poster: (1) Haven’t you seen the poster of the friendly basketball match organized by the Students’ Union? (2) Look! There is a colored poster on the notice board. (3) A poster in the club lounge says there will be a fishing contest this weekend. (4) Let’s design a poster for it. (5) How should we decorate the poster to make it more attractive? (6) Look at the poster. It seems that there will be an exciting event happening in the community.
新编英语教程(第三版)unit6练习册答案
Reference for Unit 6 workbook exercises Blank Filling A. 1.changed, promising https://www.360docs.net/doc/7f18372888.html,ing, qualified 3.determined 4.spoken, leading, surprising 5.frightening 6.demanding 7.pleased, soiled https://www.360docs.net/doc/7f18372888.html,plicated 9.interested, exciting, soaked 10.tiring, tired B. 1.giving 2.Fascinated, rising / rise 3.singing, to do, making
4.keeping, playing, to be, to see, climbing 5.opening 6.to take, shopping, doing, to do 7.to have remembered, to tell, preparing, to do 8.to watch, to read, reading, watching 9.missing, to tell 10.to be taken 11.swimming, cleaning, to do 12.waiting, seeing, missing, to find, to be C. 1.for 2.to 3.of 4.on 5.read 6.across 7.about / for 8.in 9.until / till 10.opinion 11.by 12.keep 13.excellent 14.time 15.pleasure 16.from 17.yourself 18.in 19.filled 20.trains
新编英语教程第三版李观仪Unit课文及译文参考
Unit 1 恰到好处 Have you ever watched a clumsy man hammering a nail into a box? He hits it first to one side, then to another, perhaps knocking it over completely, so that in the end he only gets half of it into the wood. A skillful carpenter, on the other hand, will drive the nail with a few firm, deft blows, hitting it each time squarely on the head. So with language; the good craftsman will choose words that drive home his point firmly and exactly. A word that is more or less right, a loose phrase, an ambiguous expression, a vague adjective （模糊的形容词）, will not satisfy a writer who aims at clean English. He will try always to get the word that is completely right for his purpose. 你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗？只见他左敲敲，右敲敲，说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻，结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去，一钉到底。语言也是如此。一位优秀的艺术家谴词造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的观点。差不多的词，不准确的短语，摸棱两可的表达，含糊不清的修饰，都无法使一位追求纯真英语的作家满意。他会一直思考，直至找到那个能准确表达他的意思的词。 The French have an apt（贴切的） phrase for this. They speak of “le mot juste,” (the exact word) the word that is just right. Stories are told of scrupulous（一丝不苟的） writers, like Flaubert, who spent days trying to get one or two sentences exactly right. Words are many and various; they are subtle（微妙的） and delicate（细腻的） in their different shades（色调）of meaning, and it is not easy to find the ones that express precisely（正是，恰恰） what we want to say. It is not only a matter of having a good command of language and a fairly wide vocabulary; it is also necessary to think hard and to observe accurately. Choosing words is part of the process of realization, of defining our thoughts and feelings for ourselves, as well as for those who hear or read our words. Someone once remarked: “How can I know what I think till I see what I say?” this sounds stupid, but there is a great deal of truth in it. 法国人有一个很贴切的短语来表达这样一个意思，即“le mot juste”, 恰到好处的词。有很多关于精益求精的作家的名人轶事，比如福楼拜常花几天的时间力求使一两个句子在表达上准确无误。在浩瀚的词海中，词与词之间有着微妙的区别，要找到能恰如其分表达我们意思的词绝非易事。这不仅仅是扎实的语言功底和相当大的词汇量的问题，还需要人们绞尽脑汁，要观察敏锐。选词是认识过程的一个步骤，也是详细描述我们的思想感情并表达出来使自己以及听众和读者深刻理解的一个环节。有人说：“在我思想未成文之前，我怎么知道自己的想法？”这听起来似乎很离谱，但它确实很有道理。 It is hard work choosing the right words, but we shall be rewarded by the satisfaction that finding them brings. The exact use of language gives us mastery（掌握） over the material we are dealing with. Perhaps you have been asked “What sort of a man is so-and-so（某某等）?” You begin: “Oh, I think he’s quite a nice chap （家伙）but he’s rather…” and then you hesitate trying to find a word or phrase to express what it is about him that
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新编实用英语综合教程教学大纲
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