人教版高中虚拟语气讲解及试题(附有答案)
虚拟语气讲解及练习
一．非真实条件句的虚拟情况:
1.与现在事实相反的条件e.g. If I were you, I would go at once.
If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.
2.与过去事实相反e.g. If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.
If she had told him about the danger, he would not have hurt.
3.与将来事实相反e.g. If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you.
If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.
If we were to panic(受惊,惊慌), we should not be able to help.
4.混合时间条件句：主从句不一定用指同一时间的动词。
即:假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做混合虚拟语气（错综条件虚拟语气）。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。
e.g. If you ____that late movie last night, you wouldn’t be so sleepy.
A.haven’t watched
B.didn’t watch
C. hadn’t watched
D.wouldn’t watched
If Paul had received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now.
If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better.
If you had followed the teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t be in the hospital.
e.g If I had gone to a key university, I would earn more money now.
5．含蓄条件句：有时假设的条件不通过条件从句表示而含蓄在介词短语或上下文中。
(1) without 和but for (要不是) 构成虚拟。
e.g Without ( but for ) the party, we wouldn’t be so happy.
We might have died without your help.
= We might have died if you hadn’t helped us.
(2) otherwise , or ( 否则，要不然) =if…not…
e.g. He studies very hard, or/otherwise he couldn’t study so well.
I was busy last week, otherwise I would have come to see you. =If I had not been so busy last week, I would have come to see you. ( 3 ) if only 后加句子… “要是……就好了” 注意：“if only ”
e.g. If only I could learn English in one day.
If only it wasn ’t raining.
If only Jim had passed the exam.
If only Sam would reply to my letter.
6．假设虚拟条件倒装。 条件从句中有 shouid,were,had 三个助动词，可以把 if 省略，并将这三个词提到句首
If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up. If it were not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties. Were not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties
二．虚拟语气用于宾语从句中。
1. wish wish +(that)+主语
e.g. I wish that he wasn ’ The exhibition was so bored that I wish I had not gone to it.
2. would rather(that)+从句，表示“愿望”的虚拟
would rather (that) + 主语 e.g. I would rather you had gone there.( I would rather you stayed at home now.(与现在)
I would rather you could go to America tomorrow.
3.用于表示意愿,建议，命令，请求，提议等动词后的that 宾语从句中，用(should)+动词原形,这类动词有:ask, advise, arrange(安排), beg, command, decide, demand, desire, determine, insist (坚持要求,硬要), intend, propose, object(反对), order, require, request, suggest(建议)… 一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即1.insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose
4. demand , require, request, desire e.g. She advised that we should keep the door locked.
He suggests that she should leave the dangerous house at once. His face suggested that he was angry.(暗示)
He insisted that he was innocent.(坚称,坚持说)
He insisted that she (should) show him her passport.
三．用于主语从句中。
（1）It’s necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that---Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形
Eg.It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.
It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.
It’s necessary that we should study hard.
（2）It’s+ a pity / a shame +that—clause
从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形
e.g It’s a pity that I should miss the film.
(3) It’s + p.p + that—clause
从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形，其中的p.p 为建议，要求，命令的动词。如：insisted ,ordered , requested ,required ,demanded etc.
e.g It was ordered that the old sick man (should) be sent to the hospital at once. 四．用于表语从句。主语为表示建议。要求，命令等的名词如：insistence, order ,advice ,suggestion ,proposal ,reqirement 等
e.g My suggestion is that English test( should) be read aloud by students every morning.
五．用于同位语从句
e.g His suggestion that students should wear school uniform has been agreed. 六．用在as if(as though)引导的方式状语(表语)从句中,动词形式和wish
as if /though +主语+
e.g.
He speaks English as if he were an Englishman.
She looks as if she would cry.
七．用在定语从句中Array It is (about/high) time that
e.g. It is time that you should have a class.=It is time that you had a class.
可该上课了(早该上课了，你怎么还不去?)
It is time for you to have a class.该上课了.(上课的时间到了.)
It is time that you should leave. =It is time you left.
八.应用举例:
1.——Did you submit(递交）your application for a Master’s degree(硕士学位）？
——Not yet. If I_____to see my father, I would have.”
A. didn’t go
B. haven’t gone
C.wouldn’t have gone
D. hadn’t gone
2.——Why didn’t Tom give you one of his paintings?
——I didn’t want one, but he would have given me one if I ____.
A. Do
B. would
C. will
D.had
3.——Do you think the thief entered through the garage door?
——No, if he had, I don’t believe _____broken t he living room window.
A.Would he have
B. he had
C.he would have
D. he has
4._______I’d have told you.
A. If I would have known it
B. If I had have known it
C.Had I know it
D. Should I know it
5. I ____come yesterday, but I couldn’t.
A.was to have
B. must
C.ought
D.have to
6.——It is raining, and I have no umbrella.
——Here’s mine, and I insist ____it.
A.you to take
B. that you take
C.that you taking
D.you taking
7. The professor gave orders that the test ____before 5:30.
A.be finished
B.will finish
C.will be finished
D.shall finish
8. I must go there earlier. John has suggested that I _____an hour before the discussion begins.
A.go
B.shall go
C. will go
D. would go
9. I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I ____there. A. Was B.were C.had been D.went
10. She speaks as if she ____on the spot.
A.was
B. were
C. had been
D.is
11.If I ______ten years younger, I _____ very happy.
A.were, would be
B.am, shall be
C. were, shall be
D. am, would be
12.——You can ask your brother for help.
—— He is not at home. If he ____, I _____.
A.is, would
B.were, would
C.is, will
D.were, will
13. If you ____the doctor’s advice, you would have already recovered.
A.follow
B.followed
C.would follow
D.had followed
14. If he had not missed the train, he _____by then.
A.might get
B.might have got
C.got
D.had got
15. What would you have done last night, if you _____to write your homework.
A.hadn’t
B.haven’t had
C. didn’t have
D.hadn’t had
16. Why didn’t you tell him the truth? If I _____you, I would have.
A.were
B.had been
C.am
D.would be
17. If you _____early tomorrow morning, you would be there by noon.
A.have started
B.were started
C.were to start
D.had started
18.—It was the drug，not the disease，that killed the boy.
—He would be still alive today if he ________ that drug.
A.not take
B.shouldn’t have taken
C.didn’t take
D.hadn’t taken
18. Simon looks as though he never ___ a square meal(吃得饱), though his parents feed him
very well.
A. get
B. getting
C. got
D. should get
20. – Have you ever been to Beijing?
-- No, but I wish I ___. A. have B. will C. do D. had
21.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ＿＿＿＿.
A. breaks
B. has broken
C. were broken
D. had been broken
22.(2002上海高考题)It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ________
in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A.wouldn’t have fallen
B.had not fallen
C.should fall
D.were to fall
23.If it ________ so hard，we’d go to town.
A.isn’t raining
B.weren’t raining
C.doesn’t rain
D.has rain
24.I wish I ________ you yesterday.
A.saw
B.did see
C.had seen
D.were to see
25.His silence at the meeting suggested that he ________ to your plan.
A.didn’t agree
B.hadn’t agree
C.wouldn’t agree
D.not agree
26.The father insisted his daughter ________ a rich man.
A.would be engaged to
B.be engaged to
C.should engaged to
D.must be engaged to
27.You ________ earlier.The bus left a moment ago.
A.would come
B.should have come
C.must come
D.could have come
28.She made a suggestion that the plan ________ carefully.
A.be considered
B.was considered
C.should consider
D.would beconsidered
试题答案：
1——5 6——10 11——15 16——20 21——25 26——28
DDCCA BAACB ABDBD BCDCD CBBCA BBA
高中英语虚拟语气详细讲解大全
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虚拟语气详解
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高考虚拟语气用法详解()
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非常详细的虚拟语气讲解资料
虚拟语气 第一部分：语气的定义和种类 1 语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 2 语气的种类 ⑴、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如： ①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。 ②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？ ③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊！ ⑵、祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如： ①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。 ②Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。 ⑶、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如： ①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 ②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。 ③May you succeed!祝您成功！ 虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。让我们就从最简单的开始吧。 第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。如： ⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？ ⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。 二、表祝愿。 1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。 ⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运！ ⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐！ ⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！ ⑷、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。 ⑸、May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。 ⑹、May you be happy. (注意那个be ) 祝你幸福。 2、用动词原形。例如： (1).Long live the people! 人民万岁！ (2).“God bless you,”said the priest.牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！” (3).Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！ 三、表示强烈愿望。（该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形，第三人称单数也不加“s”） (1).God save me． (2).Heaven help us． 四、表命令 1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you)，而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。 2.句子尾通常加上感叹号：！ 3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(Simple Present)，如：work, be , go 4.否定形式的命令语气，可用助动词do，加上not。 (1). Work ! (2). Work harder ! (3). Be more alert ! (虚拟语气动词Be) (4). You go out ! (5). Do not work so hard. (do not 表示否定的虚拟语气) (6). Don't be afraid. (口语中常用don't 代替do not) 五、在一些习惯表达中。如： (1).You’d better set off now.你最好现在就出发。 (2).I’d rather not tell you the secret.我情愿不告诉你这个秘密。 第三部分：名词性从句中的虚拟语气 第一节：宾语从句(Subordinate Clause)中的虚拟语气 一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常省去宾语从句的引导词that。 一）、对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）： 从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和were(was)，实义动词用过去式。例： 1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道) 2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能) 3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能) 4. When she was at the party, she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家) 5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood) 现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂) 6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起)
虚拟语气讲解和练习试题(含答案解析和解释)
一. 简介 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。 二. 应用条件 虚拟语气常在表示条件和结果的状语从句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时动词有三种时态：现在时，过去时，将来时，过去完成时，现在完成时。在条件句中的应用：条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。虚拟语气 在什么情况下用虚拟语气? 在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或表示某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。 三. 虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法 1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句 真eg . If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。( 真实条件状语)（不是虚拟语气）If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。（真实条件状语）（不是虚拟语气） 非真 eg. If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你，我马上就会去。（非真实条件状语从句）If there were no air, people would die. 如果没有空气，人就会死亡。（非真实条件状语从句） 2、用法及动词形式 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：if+主语+过去时+其他+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他 例： 1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） 2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道） 3.If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 4.If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱） 5.If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：没有努力 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况if+主语+had done +其他+主语+should/would/could/might+have done+其他 例： 1. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了） 2.If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话） 3、表示对将来情况的主观推测①if+主语+were to do+sth.+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他②if+主语+did/be(were)+sth.+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他③if+主语+should+do+sth.+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他