河海大学研究生英语考试要求背诵段落翻译

老师要求背诵段落翻译，红色为老师留过的作业

第一课

Cliffs stretched into the distance; sparking waves whipped by the wind were unrolling on to the beach, and a few yachts, with creamy-white sails, were curving and dodging gracefully on the sea. Just below, a flock of seagulls were screaming at one another as they twisted and glided over the water. A mile out to sea, the old lighthouse stood on a stone platform on the rocks, which were being greedily licked by the waves. In no way indeed did I grudge my money. As I directed the telescope towards the lighthouse, the man beside me tapped my wrist.

译文：

峭壁向远方伸展，海风激起的阵阵波浪泛着白花，冲上海滩。海面上几艘游艇张着乳白色的风帆优雅地避开浪头蜿蜓前进。山崖下面，一群海鸥相互叫唤着，在海面上盘旋飞翔。离岸一英里处，在海浪贪婪地吮舔着的岩岸上，那座古老的灯塔矗立在一座石头平台上。说实话，我毫不吝惜那几个钱。当我把望远镜转朝灯塔时，站在我身旁的那个老头拍了拍我的手腕。

第二课

Groups are capable of being as moral and intelligent as the individuals who form them; a crowd is chaotic, has no purpose of its own and is capable of anything except intelligent action and realistic thinking.

一个组织所表现出来的智慧和道义是与其成员的一致的，而一个群体却是无秩序的，没有特定的目的并且无法进行明智的行为和现实性的思考。

The crowed-intoxicated individual escapes from responsibility, intelligence and morality into a kind of frantic, animal mindlessness.

被这种群体药物麻醉的人逃避责任，不愿动脑子，失去道德感，变得和疯子、动物没两样。

Unlike the mass, intelligence have a taste for rationality and an interest in facts. Their critical habit of mind makes them resistant to the kind of propaganda that works so well on the majority. Intellectuals are the kind of people who demand evidence and shocked by logical inconsistencies and fallacies.

和大多数人不一样，知识分子崇尚理性，讲究事实。对大多数人都有影响的宣传在他们这失去了应有的效果便是得益于这种思维方式。知识分子就是这么一些注重证据以及对逻辑的不一致与欺骗性感到震惊的人。

They regard over-simplification as the original sin of the mind and have no use for the slogans, the unqualified assertions and sweeping generalizations which are the propagandist’s stock-in-trade.

他们认为过于简单化是思想的原罪，标语、毫无道理的断言和大量的概括性用语等宣传家们常用的伎俩对他们毫无作用。

Philosophy teaches us to feel uncertain about the things that seem to us self-evident. Propaganda, on they other hand, teaches us to accept as self-evident matters about which it would be reasonable to suspend our judgment or to feel doubt.

哲学告诉我们要对那些不证自明的事情进行怀疑。而宣传家们却恰恰相反，他们教我们要无条件的接受这些本应该受到质疑东西。

The propagandist must therefore be consistently dogmatic. All his statements are made without qualifications. There are no grays in his picture of the world; everything is either diabolically black or celestially white. He must never admit that he might be wrong or that people with a different point of view might be partially right. Opponents should not be argued with; they should be attacked, shouted down, or if they become too much of a nuisance, liquidated.

在他们的世界里，只存在邪恶的黑色和崇高的白色而没有处于中间的灰色。他们从不承认自己有一点点的错误，也决不会认为别人有部分是对的，更不会和对手讲道理，只会用蛮力对对手进行攻击压制，一旦他们感到这些反对者太过讨厌就把这些人终结了。

Virtual and intelligence belong to human beings as individuals freely associating with other individuals in small groups. So do sin and stupidity.

在小组织里，人与人作为个体而进行自由交往时美德和智慧就会成为他们个人的特点，罪孽和愚钝也是一样。

But the subhuman mindlessness to which the demagogue makes his appeal, the moral imbecility on which he relies when he goads his victims into action, are characteristic not of men and women as individuals, but of men and women in masses. Mindlessness and moral idiocy are not characteristically human attributes; they are symptoms of heard-poisoning.

但是煽动分子经常依靠的低人类的盲目和他们进行煽动时所凭借的被煽动者的道德障碍是人在群体里表现的特征而不是人本身的特征。盲目和道德障碍不是人的本性，而是被药物麻醉后的症状。

第四课

Morality is something much deeper, concerned with the nature of the world, with the nature of people, and with how both the world and the people should be treated.

而道德是更为深入的，它关系到世界的本质，人类的本质，以及应该如何对待世界与人。