2015年--河海大学研究生英语一-Unit-16---The-Role-of-Science-Fiction
2015年河海大学研究生英语一Unit1GhostsforTea(精)
Unit 1 Ghosts for T ea' Ten pence for a view over the bay' . said the old man with the telescope.'Lovely clear morning. Have a look at the old lighthouse and the remains of the great shipwreck of 1935.'“十便士看海湾风光。
”那个带着望远镜的老头说道。
“多么晴朗美丽的早晨。
来看看那古老的灯塔和1935年大海难的遗迹吧!”Ten pence was sheer robbery, but the view was certainly magnificent.十便士是纯粹的抢劫,可是海湾的景色确实壮丽。
Cliffs stretched into the distance, sparkling waves whipped by the wind were unr olling on to the beach, and a few yachts, with creamy-white sails, were curving and do dging gracefully on the sea . Just below, a flock of seagulls were screaming at one ano ther as they twisted and glided over the water. A mile out to sea, the old lighthouse sto od on a stone platform on the rocks, which were being greedily licked by the waves. In no way indeed did I grudge my money. As I directed the telescope towards the light house, the man beside me tapped my wrist.峭壁伸展向远处,海风激起的波浪闪耀着铺展在沙滩上,海面上几艘游艇伴着乳白色风帆优雅地弯成弧形避开。
河海大学研究生英语课文及翻译(重点单词突出显示,特殊单词有注释)Unit 1 Ghosts for Tea
' Ten pence for a view over the bay' . said the old man with the telescope.'Lovely clear morning. Have a look at the old lighthouse and the remains of the great shipwreck o f 1935.'十便士看一次海湾风光，”那个带着一架望远镜的老头说道：“多么晴朗美丽的早晨。
请来看看那古老的灯塔和1935年失事的大轮船残骸吧。
”Ten pence was sheer robbery, but the view was certainly magnificent. 要十便士简直是敲诈勒索，可是海湾的景色确实壮丽。
Cliffs stretched into the distance, sparkling waves whipped by the wind were unrolling on to the b each, and a few yachts, with creamy-white sails, were curving and dodging gracefully on the sea . Just below, a flock of seagulls were screaming at one another as they twisted and glided over the water. A mile out to sea, the old lighthouse stood on a stone platform on the rocks, which were b eing greedily licked by the waves. In no way indeed did I grudge my money. As I directed the teles cope towards the lighthouse, the man beside me tapped my wrist.峭壁向远方伸展，海风激起的阵阵波浪泛着白花，冲上海滩。
河海研一英语期末复习笔记(研究生英语视听说)分析解析
河海大学2015年1月份研究生英语一试卷结构一、听力20分（10+3+3+4）10条短对话+3篇小短文；听力用书原文，答案选项会乱序，有篇小短文的选项内容可能会变动，就比如这次的一篇关于熊猫的就变了，本来“吃得又慢又多”改成“吃得又快又多”，但仔细分析下选项还是可以判断出正确选项的。
二、词汇10分（5+5）10题填空+10题划线同义词；课后练习原题。
三、完型15分15个填空；这次是来自Unit 6 How to Read Body Language段落节选句子拼在一起；还有部分也出现在词汇练习里面。
四、阅读20分（5×4）2篇课后阅读原文原题（P27 passage2，P58 passage 1）+2篇课外阅读五、翻译20分（10+10）第一道英译汉：来自Unit 5 Take a Lesson from the Economists 段落节选句子拼成一段Economics is the dismal science: so say the large number of people who heap scorn on the intellectural merits of the discipline.（第一段）Due to the general measurement difficulties, as well as unforeseen events such as wars or natural disasters, economic forecasts are almost always wrong, sometimes by wide margins. （第三段）But the economists have been able to use the vagueness with which their subject is afflicted to their advantage. （第五段）（此处由机器翻译，你们自己尝试翻译下）经济学是沉闷的科学:所以说,大量的人嗤之以鼻的方式的优点的纪律。
河海大学考研英语试卷真题
河海大学考研英语试卷真题
一、听力部分
1. 短对话理解（共10题，每题1分，共10分）
- 根据录音材料，选择正确答案。
2. 长对话理解（共5题，每题2分，共10分）
- 听取一段较长的对话，回答相关问题。
3. 短文理解（共10题，每题1分，共10分）
- 听取一篇短文，回答相关问题。
4. 复合听写（共5题，每题2分，共10分）
- 听取一段短文，填写空缺单词或短语。
二、阅读理解
1. 快速阅读（共5题，每题2分，共10分）
- 阅读一篇长文章，快速找出问题答案。
2. 深入阅读（共20题，每题2分，共40分）
- 阅读四篇短文，回答细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意等类型的问题。
三、完形填空
1. 完形填空（共20题，每题0.5分，共10分）
- 阅读一篇有空白的文章，从选项中选择最恰当的词填入空白处。
四、翻译
1. 英译汉（共5题，每题3分，共15分）
- 将给定的英文句子翻译成中文。
2. 汉译英（共5题，每题3分，共15分）
- 将给定的中文句子翻译成英文。
五、写作
1. 小作文（共1题，10分）
- 根据给定情景或图表，写一篇短文。
2. 大作文（共1题，20分）
- 根据给定话题，写一篇议论文。
注意事项：
- 请在规定时间内完成试卷。
- 所有答案必须写在答题卡上。
- 考试结束后，监考老师将收回试卷和答题卡。
结束语：
希望以上内容能够帮助考生们更好地准备河海大学的考研英语考试。
预祝大家考试顺利，取得优异成绩。
河海大学研究生英语课文翻译11、12、13、14、16、17、18、19、20
Unit 11 The IksIks 小部落从前是游牧的猎人，聚居在乌干达北部的山谷中，现在这个部落变得很有名，整体上是灰心沮丧的，残忍冷酷的人类的终极命运的文学象征。
两件确实是灾难的事发生在他们身上：政府决定拥有一个国家公园，所以他们被法律迫使放弃山谷中的打猎生活，在贫瘠的山坡的土壤上变成农民，然后一个讨厌他们，研究他们两年的人类学家写了一本关于他们的书。
这本书的主题是：由于传统文化的废除，IKs变成一群彼此毫无关系，残酷无情，而又绝对令人讨厌的人，他们完全的自私和冷酷。
此外，这些特征正像我们内心的自己，当我们的社会结构完全错乱时，我们也将全部变成Iks。
这篇论文依据某种关于人类本质的设想，这种设想必然是推测而来的。
你不得不预先同意人类从本质上讲是坏的，完全为了他自己，展现出来的例如爱和同情这样的美德仅仅是后天学到的习惯。
如果你采纳这个观点，Iks人的故事便可以证实它。
这些人似乎是一直生活在一起，聚居在拥挤的小村庄，但是他们都是一群真正的独居的无关联的个体，彼此间没有明显的好处。
他们说话，但是只是做一些坏脾气的要求和冷漠的拒绝。
他们不分享。
他们从不唱歌。
他们的孩子一能走路就被打发出去寻找食物，只要有可能他们便抛弃那些老人，使他们饿死，那些寻找食物的孩子从无助的老人口中抢夺食物。
它是一个不友好的社会。
他们养育子女，但是不是出于爱，甚至也不是出于偶尔的关心。
他们在彼此的台阶上随地大小便。
他们观察他们的邻居，以等待不幸的降临，而且只有那时他们才大笑。
在书中，他们经常笑，因为有太多厄运。
好几次，他们甚至嘲笑人类学家，使人类学家发现这种嘲笑尤其令人反感（读者在字里行间发现，学者本身不是这世界上最幸运的人）。
更糟糕的是，他们把他带到家中，抢夺他的食物，在他的台阶上大小便，并且呵斥人类学家。
他们给他糟糕的两年。
它是一本令人沮丧的书。
如果，正像他建议的那样，在我们每个人的心中只有IK人的特性，我们唯一的维系人性的希望，将是不断地修补我们社会的结构，然而我们的社会结构变得如此之快，如此之完全，以至于我们不能及时找到修补社会的方法。
2015年--河海大学研究生英语一-Unit-16---The-Role-of-Science-Fiction
Unit 16 The Role of Science FictionThe year 1972 was marked by this publication of a controversial book. The Limits to Growth. This study of the world’s future, done by a team of MIT scientists with the aid of computer “models” of the future of our society, forecast a planetwide disaster unless humankind sharply limits its population growth and consumption of natural resources.1972年为世人所瞩目的一件事就是出版了一本颇有争议的书——《增长的极限》。
这一有关世界前景的研究，是由麻省理工学院一组科学家借助模拟未来社会的电脑“模型”进行的，预言了人类若不大幅度限制人口增长和自然资源消耗，就会出现全球性的灾难。
Most people were caught by surprise when the book came out. Many refused to believe that disaster is possible, probable, inevitable---if we don’t change our mode of running Spaceship Earth. But science fiction people were neither surprised nor outraged. The study was really old news to them. They’d been making their own “models” of tomorrow and testing them all their lives.该书问世时大多数人吃了一惊。
河海大学研究生英语课文及翻译（重...
A man or woman makes direct contact with society in two ways: as a member of some familial, pr ofessional or religious group, or as a member of a crowd. Groups are capable of being as moral a nd intelligent as the individuals who form them; a crowd is chaotic, has no purpose of its own an d is capable of anything except intelligent action and realistic thinking. Assembled in a crowd, peo ple lose their powers of reasoning and their capacity for moral choice. Their suggestibility is incre ased to the point where they cease to have any judgement or will of their own. They become ver y excitable, they lose all sense of individual or collective responsibility, they are subject to sudden excesses of rage, enthusiasm and panic. In a word, a man in a crowd behaves as though he had s wallowed a large dose of some powerful intoxicant. He is a victim of what I have called' herd-pois oning'. Like alcohol, herd- poison is an active, extravagant drug. The crowd-intoxicated individual escapes from responsibility, intelligence and morality into a kind of frantic, animal mindlessness. 一个人通过以下两种方式与社会直接接触：作为某个家庭、职业或宗教组织的成员，或者仅仅是隶属于某个群体。
河海大学研究生英语课文及翻译（重...
A good many technical people become irate when you call a computer a giant brain. They insist t hat a computer does only what thinking humans have planned to have假 it如 d你o. 把计算机称
games intelligently. At the far limit of possibility, they wish to know whether, at least on paper, m achines can reproduce themselves. In other words, are we really certain that a machine can do o nly what its programmer wills it to do? Already there are in existence a number of machines that approach these powers. The simplest type is the computer that understands 许lo多gic杰. 出的人 才在潜心研制从事“非数字”工作的计算机。也就是说，所有的数字输入后，机器能够“以 此为基点继续干下去”。比方说，这些人想看看无生命的装置是否能进行判断、做出选择、 产生思想、伶俐地玩游戏，他们想知道，至少在理论上，机器是否可以再生，再生的可能性
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2015年--河海大学研究生英语一-Unit-16---The-Role-of-Scie nce-FictionUnit 16 The Role of Science FictionThe year 1972 was marked by this publication of a controversial book. The Limits to Growth. This study of the world’s future, done by a team of MIT scientists with the aid of computer “models” of the future of our society, forecast a planetwide disaster unless humankind sharply limits its population growth and consumption of natural resources.1972年为世人所瞩目的一件事就是出版了一本颇有争议的书——《增长的极限》。
这一有关世界前景的研究，是由麻省理工学院一组科学家借助模拟未来社会的电脑“模型”进行的，预言了人类若不大幅度限制人口增长和自然资源消耗，就会出现全球性的灾难。
Most people were caught by surprise when the book came out. Many refused to believe that disaster is possible, probable, inevitable---if we don’t change our mode of running Spaceship Earth. But science fiction people were neither surprised nor outraged. The study was really old news to them. They’d been making their own “models” of tomorrow and testing them all their lives.该书问世时大多数人吃了一惊。
许多人拒绝相信存在发生灾难的可能性、盖然性、必然性——倘使我们不改变对“地球飞船”的管理方式的话。
但科幻小说家及其读者却既不惊讶，也不愤慨。
事实上，这项研究对他们来说已不是什么新鲜事了。
他们毕生都在制作自己的未来世界“模型”，并付诸试验。
For what the scientists attempted with their computer model is very much like the thing that science fiction writers and readers have been doing for decades. Instead of using a computer to “model” a future world society, science fiction writers have used their human imaginations. This gives the writers some enormous advantages.因为科学家们试图用电脑模型实现的事与科幻小说作家及其读者数十年来所做的非常相象。
科幻小说作家并不依靠电脑来“模拟”一个未来世界，而是凭借人类的想象力。
这给了作家某些极为有利的条件。
One of the advantages is flexibility.有利条件之一就是灵活性。
Science fiction writers are not in the business of predicting the future. They do something much more important. They try to show the many possible futures that lie open to us.科幻小说作家的职责不在预言未来，他们做的比这重要得多。
他们试图展现许多可能出现在我们面前的前景。
For there is not simply a future, a time to come that’s inevitable. Our future is built, bit by bit, minute by minute, by the actions of human beings. One vital role of science fiction is to show what kinds of future might result from certain kinds of human actions.因为并非只有一种前途，一种时代会不可避免地降临人间。
我们的未来世界是由人类用自身的行动一点一滴地、一分一秒地创造起来的。
科幻小说的一个重要作用，便是揭示人类某几种行为的结果会形成哪几种未来世界。
To communicate the ideas, the fears and feel of all infinite possible futures, science fiction writers lean heavily on another of their advantages: the art offiction.为了展示对可能出现的无穷多的未来世界的种种构想、恐惧和希望、形式和感受，科幻小说作家在很大程度上依赖他们另一个有利条件：虚构艺术。
For while a scientist’s job has largely ended when he’s reduced his date to tabular or graph form, the work of a science fiction writer is just beginning. His task is to convey the human story: the scientific basis for the possible future of his story is merely the background. Perhaps “merely”is too limiting a word. Much of science fiction consists of precious little except the background, the basic idea, the gimmick. But the best of science fiction, the stories that make a lasting impact of generations of readers, are stories about people. The people may be nonhuman. They may be robots or other types of machines. But they will be people, in the sense that human readers can feel for them, share their joys and sorrows, their dangers and their ultimate successes.科学家把资料用表格或图表形式表现出来时，他的工作几乎算完成了，而对科幻小说作家来说，他的工作则刚刚开了个头。
他的任务是要讲述与人有关的故事：充当他故事中可能出现的那个未来的科学依据，仅仅是个背景资料。
也许“仅仅”这个词的局限性还太大了。
许多科幻小说除了背景情况，主要构想和新奇的玩意儿外几乎空无他物。
但科幻小说中的上乘之作，即能对几代读者产生持久影响的作品，都是写人的故事。
书中人物也许不是人类，可能是机器人或者其他类型的机械装置。
但作为人的读者会同情它们，分享它们的喜怒哀乐，为它们遭遇危险而担忧，为它们终于成功而庆幸。
从这个意义上说，它们应该算是人。
The art of fiction has not changed much since prehistoric times. The formula for telling a powerful story has remained the same: create a strong character, a person of great strengths, capable of deep emotions and decisive action. Give him weakness. Set him in conflict with another powerful character —or perhaps with nature. Let his exterior conflict be the mirror of the protagonist’s own interior conflict, the clash of his desires, his own strength against his own weakness. And there you have a story. Whether it’s Abraham offering his only son to God, or Paris bringing ruin to Troy over a women, or Hamlet and Claudius playing their deadly game, Faust seeking the world’s knowledge and power—the stories that stand out in the minds of the readers are those whose characters are unforgettable.自史前以来，编故事的艺术并无多大变化。
讲个引人入胜的故事仍然沿用老一套：塑造一个性格坚强的人物，一个勇猛无比、感情丰富、行为果断的人物。
给他配上一个弱点，使他与另一名强者——或与自然——发生冲突。
让主人公的外部冲突反映出自己的内心冲突，反映出他的各种欲望之间的冲突，自身优点与弱点之间的冲突。
这样你的故事就编好了。
不管故事说的是亚伯拉罕把独生子献给上帝，或帕里斯因一女子而使特洛伊遭受灭顶之灾，还是讲哈姆雷特与克劳狄斯图谋置对方于死地，浮士德对人世间的知识和权力的不断追求——凡是深印在读者脑际的故事都塑造了使人难以忘怀的人物。