step by step 3000第一册1-5单元真正完整版(答案及原文)

Unit 1 Education is a keyPart IA1. Oxford / commitment / academic record2. oldest/ largest / reputation / research / science3. first / Australia / 150 years / excels4. excellence / 17.000 / location5. largest / 1883 / situated / 26,0006. 1636 / enrollment / 18,500/ schools7. awards / degrees / 20,000 8. located / 135 / thirdB1. 2,700 languages / 7,000 dialects / regional / pronunciation2. official / language3. One billion / 20 percent4. Four hundred million / first / 600 million / second / foreign5. 500,000 words / Eighty percent / other6. Eighty percent / computers7. African country / same8. 1,000 / Africa9. spaceship / 1977 / 55 / message / the United StatesC 1 – (a) 2 – ( c) 3 – ( d) 4 – (b )All right, class. Today we’re going to be looking at different language learning styles. Y ou may be surprised to find that there are different ways of going about learning languages, none of which is necessarily better than the others. Researchers have id entified four basic learner “types” –the communicative learner, the analytical learner, the authority-oriented learner and the concrete learner. Communicative learners like to learn by watching and listening to native speakers. At home, they like to learn by watching TV and videos. They like to learn new words by hearing them. In class, they like to learn by having conversations. Now, concrete learners like to lean by playing games, by looking at pictures and videos in class, talking in pairs, and by listening to cassettes at home and school. Now, authority-oriented learners, on the other hand, like the teacher to explain everything. They like to write everything down in their notebook, and they like to have a textbook. They like to learn new words by seeing them. And finally, we have analytical learners. These learners like to learn by studying grammar. At home, they like to learn by studying English books, and they like to study by themselves. They like to find their own mistakes. Now, of course, it’s unusual for a person to be exclusively one “type” rather than another. Most of us are mixtures of styles. What type of learner do you think you are?Part IIA2Primary school entering age secondary school entering age permissible age toleave school Britain 5 11 16The U.S 6 junior high: 11 16Senior high: 14Australia 5 intermediate school: 11 16High school: 12/13Canada 6 about 13 16A31.GCSE examinations2.students / higher education3.student/ second year / high school / college4.general exam / School Certificate5.sitting University Entrance Examination6.bachelor’s degree: 3/ 4 yearsmaster’s degree: another year or twodoctorate: a further 3-7 yearsWell, in Britain, from the ages of five to about eleven you start off at a primary school, and then from eleven to sixteen you go on to a secondary school or a comprehensive school and at sixteen you take GCSE examinations. After this, some children take vocational courses or even start work. Others stay on at school for another two years to take A levels. And at the age of eighteen, after A levels, they might finish their education or go on to a course of higher education at a college or university, and that’s usually for three years.Well, it depends on what state you’r e in but most kids in the United States start school at about six when they go to elementary school and that goes from the first grade up to the sixth grade. Some kids go to a kindergarten the year before that. Then they go on to junior high school, that’s about eleven, and that’s the seventh, eighth and ninth grades. And then they go on to senior high school around age fourteen starting in the tenth grade and finishing in the twelfth grade usually. Some students will leave school at sixteen and they’ll sta rt work, but most of them stay on to graduate from high school at age eighteen. In the first year at high school or college students are called “freshmen”, in the second they’re called “sophomores”, in the third year we call them “juniors” and in the fourt h year they’re called “seniors”. Now a lot of high school graduates then go to college or university and they do a four-year first degree course. Some of them might go to junior college which is a two-year course.Well, in Australia, well most states anyway, children start their primary education at five after perhaps a brief time in kindergarten. They will stay at primary school until they’re about eleven, then they’ll either stay there or go to an intermediate school for a couple of years. Then they sta rt high school usually twelve or thirteen, which you start in the third form. Now, after three years at high school you sit a general exam, some states call it School Certificate and that is a sort of general qualification and that if a sort of general qualification. After that you can leave school at sixteen or you can go on and sit your University Entrance Examination, which then gives you entrée into a university or it’s another useful qualification, and from then on you go to various sorts of higher education.Education in Canada is a provincial responsibility, but schools are administered by local schoolboards.Kindergarten is for children who are four or five years old. Children begin formal full-day schooling in Grade 1, when they are about six years old. They must stay in school at least until they are sixteen. However, most students continue to finish high school. Some go to college or university. Each year of schooling represents one grade. (The school year extends from the beginning of September to the end of June.) Elementary school includes kindergarten to about Grade 8. Secondary school (or high school) may start in Grade 8, 9, or 10 and it usually continues until Grade 12.In Canada, students may go to university or to a community college. If they want to learn skills for specific job, they attend college for one or four years to get a diploma or certificate. For example, lab technicians, child-care workers, and hotel managers go to college. Universities offer degree programs as well as training professions, such as law, medicine, and teaching.Universities offer three main levels of degrees. Students earn a bachelor’s degree after three or four years of study. A master’s degree can take another year or two. A doctorate may take a further three to seven years to complete.B1 Idioms / vocabulary / French / spelling / pronunciationB2 1. F 2. T 3. FI – Interviewer P – ProfessorI: And now we have an interview with Professor J. T. Lingo, Professor of Linguistics at Chimo University, who is here to talk to us about the growing business of teaching English. Good morning, professor Lingo.P: Good morning.I: I understand that teaching English is becoming “big business” all around the world.P: It seems that language schools are springing up everywhere.I: Why is that?P: With the move toward a global economy, English has become the most widely used language in the world. It is the language of business, aviation, science and international affairs and people find that they must learn English to compete in those fields.I: And do people find English an easy language to learn?P: Well, every language has something about it that other people find difficult to learn. English is such a hodgepodge of different languages –it’s essentially G ermanic but a lot of its vocabulary comes from French, and technical words stem from Latin and Greek. This feature makes English fairly adaptable – which is a good thing for a world language – but it causes irregularity in spelling and pronunciation.I: English spelling baffles me, too.P: English also has the largest vocabulary. Often there are words for the same thing, one is Anglo-Saxon and one from the French –like “buy” which is Anglo-Saxon and “purchase” whichis from the French. The French word often has more prestige.I: Anglo-Saxon?P: That’s the word for Old English. The Norman Conquest in 1066 brought the French language to Britain and helped English evolve into the English it is today.I: Is there anything else particularly difficult about English?P: Well, the idioms in informal English pose a problem for some students.I: Informal English?P: As with any language, there are different varieties: slang, colloquial. Formal, written, as well as the different dialects – British, American and Canadian English.I: And how is Canadian English different from American and British?P: Canadian English is closer to American in pronunciation and idiom. Some of our words and our spellings do reflect British usage, however. We wouldn’t use the British term “lorry” for truck, but we have kept the “o-u-r” spellings in words such as “honour”and “colour”.I: This has been very interesting. I’m afraid we’re out of time. It has been a pleasure talking to you.Part III University LifeA1I.A.AgeD. Foreign student populationII.2..15 hrs (+2 or 3 for lab)3. a. +100 b. Discussion group: 15-20 c. much smaller4. informal, friendly6. 2-3 hrs: 1 hrToday I’d like to give you some idea about how life at an American university or college might be different from the way it is in your country. To be sure, the student body on a U. S. campus is a pretty diverse group of people. First of all, you will find students of all ages. Although most students start college at around the age of 18, you will see students in their 30s and 40s and even occasionally in their 60s and 70s. Students on a U.S. campus come from a wide variety of socioeconomic backgrounds. Many students work at least part-time, some of them work full-time. Many students live in dormitories on campus, some have their own apartments usually with other students, and others live at home. Some colleges and universities have a very diverse student population with many racial and ethnic minorities. Some schools have a fairly large foreign student population. So you can see that one meets all kinds of people on a U.S. college or university campus. Now that you have some general idea of differences in the student population, I’d like to talk a few minutes about what I think an average student is and then discuss with you what a typical class might be like.Let’s begin my talking about an average student entering his or her freshman year. Of course, such a person never really exists, but still it’s convenient to talk about an “average” student for ou r purposes. Foreign students are often surprised at how poorly prepared American students are when they enter a university. Actually, at very select schools the students are usually very well prepared,but at less selective schools, they may not be as well prepared as students in your country are. Schools in the States simply admit a lot more students than is usual in most other countries. Also, most young American university students have not traveled in other countries and are not very well-versed in international matters and do not know a lot about people from other countries. Foreign students usually find them friendly but not very well-informed about their countries or cultures.What kind of academic experiences will this so-called “average” student have? The average undergraduate student takes five classes a semester and is in class for 15 hours a week. If her or she takes a class that has a laboratory, this will require tow or three more hours. Many introductory undergraduate classes are given in large lectures of 100 or more students. However, many of these classes will have small discussion groups of 15 to 20 students that meet once a week. In these smaller groups, a teaching assistant will lead a discussion to help classify points in the lectures. Other kinds of classes – for example, language classes – will be much smaller so that students can practice language. In general, American professors are informal and friendly with their students, and, as much as possible, they expect and invite participation in the form of discussion. A large amount of reading and other work is often assigned to be done outside class, and students are expected to take full responsibility for completing these assignments and asking questions in class about those areas they don’t understand. As a rule of thumb, students spend two to three hours preparing for each hour they spend in class. American professors often encourage their students to visit them during office hours, especially if the students are having problems in the class.A2II. B. 2.Examinations 4.quizzesII.Graduate schoolC. SeminarsD. some area of interestE. a research paperLet’s move on now to discuss student obligations in a typical American class. These obligations are usually set down in the course syllabus. A syllabus is generally handed out to students on the first or second class meeting. A good syllabus will give students a course outline that mentions all the topics to be covered in class. It will also contain all the assignments and the dates they should be completed by. An average university course of one semester might have three examinations or two examinations and a paper. The dates of the examinations and what the examinations will cover should be on the syllabus. If a paper id required, the date it is due should also be in the syllabus. The professor may also decide that he or she will be giving quizzes during the semester, either announced or unannounced. For students coming from a system where there is one examination in each subject at the end of the year, all this testing can be a little surprising at first. By the by, maybe this would be a good place for me to mention the issue of attendance. Another real difference in our system is out attendance policies. Perhaps you come from a system where attendance is optional. Generally speaking, American professors expect regular attendance andmay even grade you down if you are absent a lot. All this information should be on your syllabus, along with the professor’s office number and office hours.I have only a couple of hours left, and I’d like to use them to talk about how graduate school is somewhat different from undergraduate school. Of course, it’s much more difficult to enter graduate school, and most students are highly qualified and high motivated. Students in graduate school are expected to do much more independent work than those in undergraduate schools, with regularly scheduled exams, etc. some classes will be conducted as seminars. In a seminar class, there may be no exams, but students are expected to read rather widely on topics and be prepared for thorough discussion of them in class. Another possibility in graduate classes is that in addition to readings done by all students, each student may also be expected to work independently in some area of interest and later make a presentation that summarizes what her or she has learned. Usually each student then goes on to write a paper on what he or she has researched to turn in to the professor for a grade.I hope that today’s l ecture has given you some idea about student life on an American campus and that you have noticed some difference between our system and yours.B2to make mistakes / every new thing / the language/ Working outside the classroomPassive / the teach / stick his neck out / more likely to be right than himself----well what I wanted to ask really was… you’re a teacher, been teaching for many years now, erm, what would you say, how would you describe a good student or a bad student, sort of things they d o or don’t do in the classroom?---Erm, well, a good student is usually one who’s not afraid to make mistakes, I’d say.---Uh,huh.----And he’s, er, eager to experiment with every new thing that he learns, whether it be a structure of a function or a new word, erm,he immediately starts trying to use it.\---Y eah, all right.---And h e’s interested in the mistakes he makes, he’s not afraid to make them.---So he’s not simply interested in having it corrected and moving on?---No. no, no. he, he plays with the language. A bad student, on the other hand, will perhaps say “OK I’ve done this chapter I know this,” without trying to experiment at all, without really testing himself.---Ahha, ahha.---He’s usually passive, he won’t speak up much in the classroom. He’ll very rarely ask you why this and why not something else…---Just sort of accepts what you give him and doesn’t do anything more with it.---That’s right and in a test he’s the one person who’s likely to suddenly realize that he wasn’t too sure about that after all.---Y eah.---And peep over at the er…at his neighbor’s paper.---Oh, yes, An alternative learning strategy.---Right, and he invariably decides that the other person is more likely to be right than himself. That’s the result of this sort of un willingness to make mistakes and stick his neck out.---Mm, right, yeah. Er, anything else?---Er…---That characterizes the good or bad learner?---Er, mm, the bad learner is, wait a minute er, the good learner is erm, well, I think he’ll do more off his own bat as well, he won’t rely entirely on the teacher.---Mm hm.---He’ll read, he’ll read books.---Mm, so work outside the classroom as well as in it.---Y es, yeah---Y eah, yeah---Students who make most progress are first of all those who experiment and secondly those who read books.Part IV University CampusA2. the History Department3. the Psychology Department4. the Library5. the Education Department6. the Philosophy Department7. the Geography Department8. the Sports Ground9. the Foreign Languages Department 10. the Chinese Department11. the Physics Department 12. the Mathematics Department 13. the Chemistry Department 14. the Clinic 15. the Auditorium 16. the Administration BuildingLook at the map. At the bottom of the page, fine the gate (1). Now locate 16. It is between the river and the lake, close to the Main Road. The building behind the Administration is 15. Where is 4? It’s on the right-hand side of the Main Road, close to the river. Across the Main road from the Library, the building by the river is 5. The first building on the left-hand side of the Main Road is 7. 6 is between the Education and the Geography. The building at the end of the Main Road is 12. on its left is 11 and on its right, near the lake, is 13. Another building behind the like is 14. 10 is facing the lake, across the Main Road. The building between the Chinese Department and the river is 9. 2 is the first building on the right of the Main Road. Next to the History Department is 3. And last, 8 is behind the Education, Philosophy and Geography Departments.B Robert MartinBiologynext fallsix years in a public school in the hometown; two years in a military school, high school in the hometownscience (biology in particular), sportsMr. Rose: Good morning. Have a seat.Bob: Good morning. Thank you.Mr. Rose: I have your application here somewhere. Y es，here it is. Y our name is Robert Martin，right?Bob: That's right，sir.Mr. Rose: And you hope to enter our university next fallBob: Y es，sir，if I can make it.Mr. Rose: Fine，Bob. I notice that you finished high school a year ago. Why didn't you enter college that year?Bob: Well，I have a sister in college now. And there's another one who'll be going next year. So I had to earn a little money to help pay my way.Mr. Rose: Good. It sounds as if you're a pretty responsible fellow. I see that you attended two grade schools.Bob: Y es，sir. My first six years I went to a public school in my hometown. Then I went to a military school for two years.Mr. Rose: And came back to your hometown for high school.B ob: That's right，sir.Mr. Rose: I see. I don't find a transcript among your papers. Do you have one？Bob: I'm not sure I know what that is.Mr Rose: Oh，that's a list of your grades.B ob: Oh，yes. That's in the mail now.Mr Rose: All right. How were your gradesB ob: Well，pretty good，until my second year in high school. Then I guess I got a little too interested in sports. But I know I'll work hard in college.Mr Rose: What do you want to major insB ob: I want to major in biology. That was my best subject in high school. I'm really interested in it.Mr Rose: That sounds fine，Bob. Have you discussed this with your teachers and your parents？B ob: Oh，sure. My science teacher thinks that's just what I ought to go into. And my parents say I should make my own choice.Mr Rose: Did you have some math and other science courses in high schoolB ob: Everything they offered. And I did some extra work for my teacher too.Mr Rose: Well，Bob，you should get along all right here. But it's hard to keep up with both sports and studies.B ob: Y es，sir，I know.Mr Rose: Fine. I' 11 hold your application until we get the transcript. We’ve seen it we'll let you know. Probably in about two weeks.B ob: Thank you very much，sir.Mr Rose: By the way，what did your guidance counselor tell yourB ob: He told me I had a real knack for scientific things. I know I do，too. I've been fascinated with science since I was a child.Mr Rose: An interest of that kind really signifies something. Well，good luck，Bob.B ob: Thank you，sir. Good-bye.Unit 2 Colorful lands, colorful peopleA16,998,000 / 64,186,300/ 840,000 / 1,000,000 / 3,320,000 / 143,244 / 32,483 / 2,966,000 /5,105,700 / 29,028 / -1,312 / 5,315 / 36,198 / 4,145 /The biggest continent in the world is Asia. It covers 16,998,000 square miles.The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean with 64,186,300 square miles.Which is the biggest island? It’s Greenland. It occupies an area of 840,000 square miles.The Arabia Peninsula is the largest peninsula and has an area of 1, 000,000 square miles.Do you know which is the largest desert? Y es, it’s the Sahara Desert in North Africa. It covers 3,320,000 square miles.The biggest saltwater lake is the Caspian Sea, which is 143,244 square miles large.Lake Superior is the biggest fresh water lake and it covers a total area of 32,483 square miles.The smallest continent is Oceania, with an area of 2,966,000 square miles, and the smallest ocean is the Arctic Ocean with 5,105,700 square miles.Y ou all know the world’s highest peak, don’t you? Mt. Qomolangma (or Mt. Everest) is 29,028 feet above sea level. In contrast, the lowest altitude in the world is the Dead Sea, 1,312 feet below sea level, or you can say -1,312 feet.The deepest lake is Baykal in Russia. The depth is 5,315 feet.Mariana Trench near the Philippines is the deepest oceanic trench, with a depth of 36, 198 feet.The longest river in the world is the Nile in Africa. It is 4, 145 miles long.B1,243,738,000 / 955,220,000 / 267,901,000 / 199,867,000 / 159,884,000 / 147,105,000 / 138,150,000 / 125,638,000 / 122,013,000 / 118,369,000 / 96,400,000 / 82,071,0001. The country with the largest population in the world is China. According to the 1997 census, the total population was 1,243,738,000.2. The second largest in population is India. It listed a population of 955,220,000 in 1997.3. And the third largest is the United States, with its estimated population of 267,901,000 in 1997.4. Which country is the fourth largest in population? It’s Indonesia. About 199,867,000 people live there.5. Brazil ranks the fifth in its population. There the population was 159,884,000.6. Next comes the Russian Federation, with a population of 147,105,000.7. The seventh in line is Pakistan, with an estimated population of 138,150,000.8. Japan is the country with the eighth largest population. Its population estimated in 1997 reached 125,638,000.9. The next larges country in population is Bangladesh. The estimated population was 122,013,000 in 1997.10. Nigeria in Africa ranks the tenth in its population. There are about 118,369,000 people living there.11. The eleventh? Mexico. According to statistics, its population was 96, 400, 000 in 1997.12. And last, the twelfth larges is Germany. Its 1997 census showed it had a population of 82,071,000.CChinese 1,300 million / Spanish 332 million /English 322 million / 189 million / 182 million / 170 million / Russian 170 million / Japanese 125 million / German 98 million / 75.5 million / Korean 75 million / French 72 million / V ietnamese 67 million / 66 million / 64 million / 63 million / Turkish 59 million / 58 million / 44 million / Polish 44 million / Arabic 42.5 million / 41 millionDo you know which languages are spoken by more than 40 million people?Chinese has the largest number of speakers, more than 1,300 million. Next, Spanish is spoken by 332 million people. The next on the line is English, which has more than 322 million speakers. Number 4, Bengali is spoken by 189 million people. Next comes Hindi, the language spoken chiefly in India, which has 182 million speakers. Portuguese and Russian are next on the line and they are both spoken by 170 million people. Number 8, Japanese is spoken by 125 million. Next, German has 98 million speakers, while Javanese has 75.5 million. We have Korean on the list with 75 million, and it is followed by French, which is spoken by 72 million. Number 13, Vietnamese is spoken by 67 million and Telugu is spoken by 66 million. Next, we have Marathi on the list and it has 64 million speakers. Marathi is followed by Tamil, with 63 million speakers. Next comes Turkish, the language spoken in Turkey, and it has 59 million speakers. Number 18, Urdu is spoken by 58 million people. Gujarati has 44 million speakers, and Polish is also spoken by 44 million people. Number 21, which 42.5 million people speak, is Arabic and last, the number of people who speak Ukrainian is 41 million.Part IIA1. A baby boy2. social/ ecological/ populations3. longer/ healthierA baby boy born in Bosnia-Herzegovina overnight has officially been named the world’s six billionth inhabitant.Although several other babies are likely to have been born at the same time elsewhere in the world, the United Nations had declared that the first child to be delivered at the Kosovo Hospital in Sarajevo today would symbolize the passing of the mark.The U Secretary General is visiting the mother and her son as a UN attempt to draw attention to the social and ecological problems of rapidly expanding populationsThe boy who came into the world a short time ago in Bosnia to such international acclaim will be sharing a birthday with a few hundred thousand people and in the next year another eighty million will be joining him on the planet. The earth’s population has doubled since 1960 and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years. The population growth has plenty of momentum. But birth control programs are beginning to have an impact. Demographers predict that by the middle of the new century the global count will level off at something under ten billion. The UN population agency has presented today’s achievement as a success for humanity, pointing out that people are living longer and healthier lives than any generation in the history.B b c aThe boy will be sharing a birthday with a few hundred thousand people and in the next year, another eighty million will be joining him on the planet.The earth’s population has doubled since 1960 and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years.Demographers predict that by the middle of the new century, the global count will level off at something under ten billion.Part IIIAWater 70% red or brown plant cover snow continents islands arms of the ocean connecting a channel valleys plainsB 12 million / 2/ 10 million/ 10/ 3/ 6/ 4/16 million/ 18 million1. Mexico City2. Sao Paulo3. Rio de Janeiro4. Bombay5. Delhi6. Shanghia7. SeoulI-Interview E-ExpertI: In Britain we are often told that people are leaving the big cities to live in the countryside but is this the case worldwide?E: Not at all. If you look at the biggest cities in 1950, seven out of the top ten were in the developed countries but by the year 2000, the developing countries will have eight out of the top ten. New Y ork, which in 1950 was number one with a population of around 12 million, will only be the sixth largest city in the world but with an extra 2 million.I: And London?E: London, which was number two, won’t even be in the top ten. Its population in 1950, by the way, was about 10 million.I: And why is this happening? Why are people moving to the big cities from the country in the。