大气科学名词中英对照
76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81.
Ice fog 冰雾
Frontal fog 锋面雾 Advection fog 平流雾 Radiation fog 辐射雾 Advection-radiation fog 平流辐射雾 Mixing fog 混合雾 Evaporation fog 蒸发雾 e-:out of; vapor: steam
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29
Dietary supplements
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30
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94.
Surface data 地面资料
95.
96. 97.
Upper air data 高空资料
Barometric correction 气压订正 Automatic meteorological station 自动气象站
4
Homo-: the same
Homocentric 同心的 Homograph 同形异义字 Homosexual 同性恋的
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Homo
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22.
Temperature profile 温度廓线
23.
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82. 83. 84. 85.
Atmospheric sounding and observing 大气探测 Sounding 探空 Meteorological observation 气象观测 Synoptic observation 天气观测
86.
87. 88.
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shower
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Baby shower
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65.
Haze 霾
66.
67. 68.
Frost 霜
Tornado 龙卷 Hail 冰雹
69.
70.
Thunderstorm 雷暴
Thunderstorm cell 雷暴单体
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17. 18.
Free atmosphere 自由大气 Homogeneous atmosphere 均质大气
19.
20. 21.
Scale height 大气标高
Wet-bulb temperature 湿球温度 Dry-bulb temperature 干球温度
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63.
64.
Continuous precipitation 连续性降水
Intermittent precipitation 间歇性降水
Inter-:between; -mittere: let go Interface:界面 Interdependent: 相互依赖 Interbreed: 品种间杂交 Interrupt： 打断
45.
46. 47.
Wind speed, wind velocity 风速
Maximum wind speed 最大风速 Extreme wind speed 极大风速
48.
49. 50. 51.
Wind speed profile 风速廓线
Horizontal wind vector 水平风矢量 Wind force 风力 Wind force scale 风级
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123.
Atmospheric radiation 大气辐射
124.
125. 126.
Solar radiation 太阳辐射
Radiation balance 辐射平衡 Dynamic meteorology 动力气象学
127.
128. 129.
Sensible heat 感热
21
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Prison cell
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Battery cell
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Cell phone
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71.
Lightning 闪电
72.
73. 74.
Fog 雾
Mist 轻雾 Sea fog 海雾
75.
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89.
Radio sounding 无线电探空
90.
91. 92.
Captive balloon sounding 系留气球探测
Observational frequency 观测次数 Observational error 观测误差
93.
Supplementary observation 补充观测
98.
Screen, instrument shelter 百叶箱
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32
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99.
Thermometer 温度表
100.
101. 102.
Barometer 气压表
Albedo 反照率 Weather radar 天气雷达
103.
104.
Meteorological radar 气象雷达
Doppler radar 多普勒天气雷达
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105.
Atmospheric remote sensing 大气遥感
106.
107. 108.
Geostationary meteorological satellite, GMS 地球静止气象卫星
Automatic picture transmission, APT 自动图象传输 Data collection platform, DCP 资料收集平台
109.
110. 111. 112.
Synoptic data 天气资料
Real time data 实时资料 Temporal resolution 时间分辨率 Spatial resolution 空间分辨率
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113.
Atmospheric boundary layer 大气边界层
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52.
Foehn 焚风53.源自54. 55.Mountain-valley breeze 山谷风
Sea-land breeze 海陆风 On-shore wind 向岸风
56.
57. 58.
Off-shore wind 离岸风
Horizontal visibility 水平能见度 Vertical visibility 垂直能见度
24. 25.
Atmospheric pressure 气压
Standard atmosphere pressure 标准大气压 Station pressure 本站气压
26.
27. 28. 29.
Sea-level pressure 海平面气压
Barometric height formula 压高公式 Pressure gradient force 气压梯度力 Coriolis force 科里奥利力
114.
115. 116.
Air-sea interface 海气界面
Air-sea exchange 海气交换 Advection 平流
117.
118. 119. 120. 121. 122.
Convection 对流
Dry deposition 干沉降 Wet deposition 湿沉降 Satellite cloud picture 卫星云图 Infrared cloud picture 红外云图 Visible cloud picture 可见光云图
Ocean and Meteorological Sci-Tech English
2015-2016 COLLEGE OF OCEAN & METEOROLOGICAL, GUANGDONG OCEAN UNIVERSITY
大气科学名词英译汉
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Atmospheric science 大气科学 Mesometeorology 中尺度气象学 Atmospheric composition 大气成分 Atmospheric mass 大气质量 Atmospheric density 大气密度 Atmospheric subdivision 大气分层
Dry adiabatic process 干绝热过程 Potential temperature 位温
134.
大气科学中常用英文词汇的前缀和后缀
大气科学中常用英文词汇的前缀和后缀大气科学中常用英文词汇的前缀和后缀大气科学是研究地球气候变化、天气系统、气候影响环境等方面的学科，该领域常用的术语中常常带有一些特定的前缀和后缀。
这些前缀和后缀可以帮助科学家更精确地描述各种气象现象和过程，同时也方便我们理解相关文献和信息。
1.前缀- Aero: 表示空气或风。
例如，Aerosol（气溶胶）用于描述微小的悬浮在空气中的颗粒物质。
- Cirro: 指高空云层。
例如，Cirrostratus（半透明的薄云）和Cirrus（羽状的高层云）。
- Cumulo: 指积雨云。
例如，Cumulus（积云）和Cumulonimbus（雷暴云）。
- Iso: 意思是均衡或相同。
例如，Isobar（等压线）和Isotherm（等温线）。
- Strato: 代表水平或平坦，适用于指定中低云层。
例如，Stratus （薄雾或薄云）和Stratocumulus（层积云）。
- Therm: 指热，通常用于描述气温的变化。
例如，Thermometer（温度计）和Thermocline（温度梯度）。
- Tropo: 指大气层中的低层。
例如，Troposphere（对流层）和Tropopause（对流层顶）。
2.后缀- Ic: 表示性质、性质或形式。
例如，Atmospheric（大气的）和Climatic（气候的）。
- Ity: 意味着质量或状态。
例如，Humidity（湿度）和Density（密度）。
- Ology: 意思是学科或领域。
例如，Meteorology（气象学）和Climatology（气候学）。
- Spheric: 意味着球形或球体。
例如，Stratospheric（平流层的）和Mesospheric（中间层的）。
- Trop: 指某个领域或特定地点。
例如，Tropical（热带的）和Subtropical（亚热带的）。
综上所述，大气科学中的前缀和后缀有助于我们更好地理解相关概念和现象。
大气科学名词(第三版)
大气科学名词（第三版）作者：来源：《中国科技术语》2009年第01期云 cloud 悬浮在空中，不接触地面，肉眼可见的水滴、冰晶或二者的混合体。
云厚度 vertical extent of a cloud 云底和云顶之间的垂直距离。
云高 cloud height 云底距地面的高度。
云状 cloud form 云的外形特征。
包括云的尺度, 在空间的分布情况、形状、结构, 以及它的灰度和透光程度。
云分类 cloud classification根据云的特性和形成过程将云区分归类的体系，通常考虑的几个因子是：云的外观、高度、形成过程和云粒子组成。
我国按云底高度将云分为低、中、高3族，然后再区分为10属（卷云、卷层云、卷积云、高层云、高积云、层云、层积云、雨层云、积云和积雨云），并进一步细分为29类（如淡积云、碎积云、透光层积云、堡状高积云、毛卷云等）。
云族 cloud etage根据云层经常出现的高度对云进行的分类。
低云 low cloud云底距地面2 km以下的云层。
中云 middle cloud云底距地面高度分别是2～4 km(极地)，2～7 km(温带)， 2～8 km(热带)的云。
高云 high cloud云底距地面高度分别是3～8 km(极地)，5～13 km(温带)，6～18 km(热带)的云。
云底 cloud base 云的下边界。
云顶 cloud top 云的上边界。
云幂 cloud ceiling曾称“云幕”。
在阴天和多云(云量超过7成)条件下,对视程产生阻挡作用的云底高度最低时的云层。
云量 cloud amount 云遮蔽天穹的成数。
总云量 total cloud cover天穹被全部云遮蔽的成数。
云属 cloud genera根据云高、外形和形成过程，对云层进行的分类。
其名称和代号为：卷云(Ci)、卷层云(Cs)、卷积云(Cc)、高层云(As)、高积云(Ac)、积云(Cu)、积雨云(Cb)、层积云(Sc)、层云(St)、雨层云(Ns)。
物理海洋-大气科学-常用专业词汇中英文对照
1advectionn.平流2AleutianLow阿留申低压c onservationofangularmomentum3angularmomentum角动量4antiphasen.反位相propagateinantiphase5arbitraryadj.任意的arbitraryconstant(任意常数)6attenuatev.削弱7availablepotentialenergy有效位能8backgroundwindfield背景风场9baroclinica.斜压的baroclinicinstability10barotropica.正压的barotropicinstability11beproportionalto与⋯⋯成比例12benthicadj.深海底的件13boundarycondition边值条14boundeddomain有界域→反：unboundeddomain15carrierwave载波系16Cartesiancoordinates笛卡尔坐标17circumglobala.环绕地球旋转的，环地球的18compensatev.偿还，补偿19conjugateadj.共轭的complexconjugate(共轭复数)20convectionn.对流21convergencen.辐合→反：divergence22convertv.转换，相变c onvertwaterintoice23coordinaten.坐标C artesiancoordinates；sphericalcoordinates 24cumulativeadj.累积的cumulativeimpacton25dampingn.阻尼；减辐，衰减26derivativen.导数thesecondorderderivative27diffusionn.扩散28diffusivityn.扩散率29discrepancyn.差异，矛盾30discreteadj.离散的，不连续的31displacementn.位移angulardisplacement32dissipativea.耗散的dissipativeeffect33divergencen.辐散→反：convergence34DrakePassage德雷克海峡35empiricaladj.经验的modelandempiricalstudies36entropyn.熵specificentropy(比熵)37equilibriumn.平衡，均衡38equivalentn.&adj.相似的（物），等价的（物）39essencen.基本，本质40exponentialn.&adj.指数（的）41geostrophicadj.地转的42IcelandicLow冰岛低压43IndonesianThroughflow印尼贯穿流44initialcondition初值条件45interferev.（波的）干涉46inviscidadj.无粘性的47isopycnn.等体积线，等容线48manifestationn.显示,表现49meridionaladj.经向的50mesoscaleadj.中尺度的mesoscaleeddy51meteorologicalparameters气象参数52monotonicallyadv.单调地increasemonotonically53nontrivialadj.重要的54optimaladj.最优的optimalsolution55pendulumn.钟摆,摇锤56penetratev.穿透，渗透57potentialvorticity位势涡度conservationofpotentialvorticity 58propagationn.（信号、声波）的传播59quantifyv.量化60radiativeequilibrium辐射平衡61rectanglen.长方形,矩形62respectivelyadv.分别地，各个地63Rossbydeformationradius罗斯贝变形半径64schematicadj.示意性的summarizeschematicallyinthefigure65sinusoidaladj.正弦曲线的66solarinsolation太阳照辐射量67specularreflection镜面反射(equalanglesofincidenceandreflection) 68sphericalcoordinates球面坐标系69standingwave驻波70stochasticadj.随机的71stochasticadj.随机的72stratificationn.层化73stratospheren.平流层74superpositionn.重叠,重合75superpositionn.重叠,重合76surfacetension表面张力77symmetricadj.对称性的78synchronicityn.同步性79temporalaverage时间平均→反：spatialaverage80theproductofAandBA与B的乘积81thermoclineslope温跃层倾斜82TibetanPlateau青藏高原83trajectoryn.轨迹84transientadj.瞬时的transienteddies85tropicofcancer北回归线86tropicofcarpricorn南回归线87tropospheren.对流层88variabilityn.可变性89variablen.变量90variancen.方差91variationn.变更,变化；变数，变分92vectornotation向量符号表示,向量记法93velocityn.速度94ventilatedthermocline通风温跃层95verifythehypothesis证实了猜想96viceversa反之亦然97viscosityn.粘性，粘质98vorticityn.涡度99westerliesn.西风带100WesternIntensification西向强化101MOC经向翻转环流MeridianalOverturningCirculation。
完整版气象专业英语词汇
主题辞表English Chinese1.大气atmospheric science 大气科学 meteorology 气象学theoretical meteorology 理论气象学mesometeorology 中尺度气象学micrometeorology 微气象学physical meteorology 物理气象学atmosphere 大气evolution of atmosphere 大气演化atmospheric impurity 大气杂质atmospheric suspended matter大气悬浮物 atmospheric diffusion 大气扩散atmospheric composition 大气成分atmospheric ion 大气离子 atmospheric mass 大气质量air quality 大气品位 atmospheric density 大气密度 atmospheric subdivision 大气分层homosphere 均质层heterosphere 非均质层homopause 均质层顶 significantlevel 特色层 standard [pressure]level 标准层 isothermal layer 等温层lower atmosphere 低层大气middle atmosphere 中层大气 upper atmosphere 高层大气 troposphere 对流层tropopause 对流层顶stratosphere 平流层stratopause 平流层顶mesosphere 中间层mesopause 中间层顶thermosphere 热层exosphere 外 [ 逸] 层ionosphere 电离层magnetosphere 磁层magnetopause磁层顶chemosphere 光化层chemopause 光化层顶ozonosphere 臭氧层free atmosphere 自由大气planetary atmosphere行星大气standard atmosphere(reference atmosphere) 标准大气（参照大气）homogeneous atmosphere均质大气 isothermal atmosphere 等温大气 polytropic atmosphere 多元大气scale height 大气标高meteorological element 气象因素air temperature 气温wet-bulb temperature 湿球温度dry-bulb temperature 干球温度temperature profile 温度廓线atmospheric pressure气压standard atmosphere pressure标准大气压 station pressure 本站气压sea-level pressure海平面气压pressure gradient 气压梯度barometric height formula 压高公式pressure gradient force 气压梯度力Coriolis force 科里奥利力water vapor 水 [蒸] 汽transfer of water vapor 水汽输送 water vapor profile 水汽廓线water vapor pressure 水汽压humidity 湿度relative humidity 相对湿度absolute humidity 绝对湿度specific humidity 比湿mixing ratio 混杂比dew point [temperature] 露点 (温度 ) depression of the dew point （温度）露点差 super-saturated air 过饱和空气saturation specific humidity 饱和比湿saturation vapor pressure饱和水汽压psychrometric formula 测湿公式 saturation deficit 饱和差international cloud atlas 国际云图cloud 云low cloud 低云middle cloud 中云high cloud 高云cloud base 云底cloud top 云顶cloud ceiling 云幂cloud amount 云量total cloud cover 总云量cloud with vertical development 直展云cloud height 云高cloud genera 云属cloud etage 云族cloud species 云种cloud variety 云类cloud form 云状cirrus, Ci 卷云cirrus fibratus, Ci fib 毛卷云cirrus spissatus, Ci spi 密卷云cirrus uncinus, Ci unc 钩卷云cirrostratus, Cs 卷层云cirrostratus fibratus, Cs fib 毛卷层云cirrostratus nebulosus, Cs neb薄幕卷层云cirrocumulus, Cc 卷积云altocumulus, Ac 高积云altocumulus translucidus, Ac tr 透光高积云altocumulus opacus, Ac op 蔽光高积云altocumulus lenticularis, Ac len 荚状高积云altocumulus cumulogenitus, Ac cug 积云性高积云altocumulus floccus 絮状高积云altocumulus castellanus, Ac cas堡状高积云 altostratus, As 高层云altostratus translucidus, As tr 透光高层云 altostratus opacus, As op蔽光高层云cumulus, Cu 积云cumulus humilis, Cu hum 淡积云cumulus mediocris, Cu med 中展积云cumulus fractus, Cu fra 碎积云cumulus congestus, Cu con浓积云cumulonimbus, Cb 积雨云cumulonimbus calvus, Cb cal 秃积雨云cumulonimbus capillatus, Cb cap 鬃积雨云stratocumulus, Sc 层积云stratocumulus translucidus, Sc tr 透光层积云stratocumulus opacus, Sc op蔽光层积云stratocumulus cumulogenitus, Sc cug 积云性层积云stratocumulus castellanus, Sc cas堡状层积云stratocumulus lenticularis, Sc len 荚状层积云 stratus, St 层云stratus fractus, St fra 碎层云 nimbostratus, Ns 雨层云stratiform cloud 层状云cumuliform cloud 积状云fracto-nimbus,Fn 碎雨云chaotic sky 纷杂天空cold cloud 冷云warm cloud 暖云ice cloud 冰云water cloud 水云hail cloud [ 冰]雹云wind 风wind direction 风向wind speed, wind velocity 风速maximum wind speed 最狂风速extreme wind speed 极狂风速wind speed profile 风速廓线horizontal wind vector 水平风矢量wind force 风力wind force scale 风级Beaufort [wind] scale 蒲福风级calm 0 级风light air 1 级风light breeze 2级风gentle breeze 3级风moderate breeze 4级风fresh breeze 5级风strong breeze 6级风near gale 7级风gale 8 级风strong gale 9级风storm 10 级风violent storm 11 级风hurricane 12级风gust 阵风local wind 地方性风surface wind 地面风foehn 焚风mountain-valley breeze 山谷风sea-land breeze海陆风on-shore wind 向岸风off-shore wind 离岸风gorge wind 峡谷风slope wind 坡风glacier breeze 冰川风drainage wind 流泄风visibility能见度effective visibility 有效能见度visual range of light 灯光能见距离surface visibility 地面能见度horizontal visibility 水平能见度vertical visibility 垂直能见度 slant visibility 倾斜能见度 meteor 大气现象weather phenomenon 天气现象clear sky 晴日partly cloudy 少云cloudy 多云overcast 阴天blue of the sky 天空蓝度 apparentform of the sky 天穹形状 state of ground 地面状态sky condition 天空状况precipitation 降水amount of precipitation 降水量precipitation intensity 降水强度 showery precipitation 阵性降水 convective precipitation 对流性降水 non-convective precipitation 非对流性降水 orographic precipitation 地形降水rain 雨rain virga 雨幡rain drop 雨滴rain shadow 雨影glaze 雨凇rain day 雨日rainfall [amount] 雨量continuous precipitation 连续性降水intermittent precipitation 间歇性降水showery rain 阵雨freezing rain 冻雨drizzle 毛毛雨light rain 毛毛雨moderate rain 中雨heavy rain 大雨torrential rain 暴雨local precipitation 地方性降水orographic rain 地形雨storm 风暴sandstorm, duststorm 沙 [尘]暴 hail storm 雹暴 haze 霾haze aloft 高空霾dust 浮尘blowing sand 高吹沙drifting sand 低吹沙dew 露frost 霜frost point 霜点first frost 初霜latest frost 终霜tornado 龙卷dust devil 尘卷风squall 飑snow 雪snow virga 雪幡sleet 雨夹雪showery snow 阵雪snow crystal 雪晶snowflake 雪花snow grains 米雪snowstorm 雪暴driven snow 吹雪drifting snow 低吹雪blowing snow 高吹雪snow cover 积雪snowfall [amount] 雪量snow depth 雪深snow day 雪日icing 积冰wire icing 电线积冰hail 冰雹hailstone 雹块ice pellet 冰丸thunder 雷thunderstorm 雷暴thunder shower 雷阵雨orographic thunderstorm 地形雷暴 thunderstorm cell 雷暴单体atmospherics 天电 lightning 闪电lightning channel 闪电通道forked lightning 叉状闪电sheet lightning 片状闪电ball lightning 球状闪电streak lightning 条状闪电 pearl-necklace lightning 串珠状闪电 fog雾mist 轻雾wet fog 湿雾sea fog 海雾ice fog 冰雾frontal fog 锋面雾advection fog 平流雾radiation fog 辐射雾 advection-radiation fog 平流辐射雾 mixingfog 混杂雾evaporation fog 蒸发雾supercooled fog 过冷却雾ground fog 地面雾upslope fog 上坡雾air-mass fog 气团雾tropical air fog 热带气团雾rime 雾凇graupel 霰percentage of sunshine日照百分率sunshine duration 日照时数duration of possible sunshine 可照时数2.大气探测atmospheric sounding and observing大气探测 meteorological observation 气象察看synoptic observation 天气察看 synoptic hour 天气察看时间principal synoptic observation 基本天气察看intermediate synoptic observation 辅助天气察看surface observation 地面察看 visual observation 目测background pollution observation 本底污染察看field observation 外场察看 conventional observation 常例察看 non-conventional observation 特别规察看 ship observation船舶察看fixed point observation 定点察看space-based observation空基察看ground-based observation地基察看 mountain observation 山地察看sounding 探空upper air observation 高空察看auxiliary ship observation, ASO 辅助船舶察看aircraft sounding 飞机探测rocket sounding 火箭探测radio sounding 无线电探空captive balloon sounding 系留气球探测pilot balloon observation 测风气球察看radiowind observation 无线电测风察看standard time of observation 标准察看时间 actual time of observation 实质察看时间 observational frequency 察看次数observational error 察看偏差supplementary observation 增补察看autographic records 自记记录surface data 地面资料upper air data 高空资料barometer level 气压表高度pressure reduction 气压换算barometric correction 气压校订international synoptic code 国际 [天气 ] 电码network of meteorological station 气象台站网observation site 察看场meteorological platform 气象察看平台ocean weather station 海洋气象站fixed ship station 固定船舶站mobile ship station 挪动船舶站mountain observation station 顶峰 [观 ]测站automatic meteorological station 自动气象站meteorological instrument 气象仪器screen,instrument shelter百叶箱thermometer 温度表telethermometer 遥测温度表 thermograph 温度计geothermometer 地温表surface geothermometer地面温度表angle geothermometer 曲管地温表tube-typed geothermometer 直管地温表 grass thermometer 草温表maximum thermometer 最高温度表minimum thermometer 最低温度表mercury thermometer 水银温度表Lyman-α hygrometer莱曼 -α湿度表bimetallic thermograph 双金属片温度计barograph 气压计aneroid barograph 空盒气压计mountain barograph 顶峰气压计 barometer 气压表aneroid barometer 空盒气压表ship-barometer 船用气压表mountain barometer 顶峰气压表pressure altimeter 气压测高表normal barometer 标准气压表national standard barometer国家标准气压表 regional standard barometer地域标准气压表 absolute standard barometer绝对标准气压表 microbarograph 微压计 mercury barometer 水银气压表Fortin barometer 福丁气压表Kew pattern barometer 寇乌气压表hygrograph 湿度计hygrometer 湿度表psychrometer 干湿表aspirated psychrometer 通风干湿表standard aspirated psychrometer 标准通风干湿表whirling psychrometer, sling psychrometer 手摇干湿表Assmann psychrometer 阿斯曼干湿表 dew-point hygrometer 露点湿度表hair hygrometer 毛发湿度表 hairhygrograph 毛发湿度计black and white bulb thermometer 黑白球温度表barothermograph 气压温度计 dry-bulb thermometer 干球温度表wet-bulb thermometer 湿球温度表sunshine recorder 日照计Jordan sunshine recorder乔唐日照计Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder 康培尔 -司托克日照计pyrheliometer 直接辐射表pyranometer 总辐射表sky radiometer diffusometer 天空辐射表albedometer 反照率表pyranometer 净辐射表pilot-balloon plotting board 测风绘图板hail-rain separator 雹雨分别器evaporograph 蒸发计evaporation pan 小型蒸发器evaporation tank 大型蒸发器 standard pan 标准蒸发器ceiling projector 云幂灯visibility meter,visiometer 能见度表raingauge 雨量器pluviograph,recording raingauge 雨量计accumulative raingauge 累计雨量器tilting bucket raingauge 翻斗 [ 式]雨量计electric conductivity raingauge 水导 [式 ]雨量计siphon rainfall recorder 虹吸 [ 式]雨量计rainfall intensity recorder 雨强计telemetering pluviograph 遥测雨量计wind vane 风向标anemometer 风速表contact anemometer 电接风速表cup anemometer 转杯风速表propeller anemometer 螺旋桨 [式] 风速表anemorumbometer 风向风速表hot-wire anemometer 热线风速表strong wind anemograph 强风仪navaid wind-finding 导航测风laser ceilometer 激光云幂仪 anemograph 风速计radio theodolite 无线电经纬仪aerological theodolite 测风经纬仪radiosonde 无线电探空仪dropsonde 下投式探空仪constant level balloon 定高气球ultrasonic anemometer 超声测风仪ceiling balloon 云幂气球meteorological aircraft 气象飞机snow scale,snow depth scale量雪尺weighting snow-gauge 称雪器drosometer, dewgauge测露表frozen soil apparatus 冻土器sonde 探空仪profiler 廓线仪meteorological rocket 气象火箭sounding rocket 探空火箭weather radar 天气雷达meteorological radar 气象雷达lidar 激光雷达sodar, acoustic radar声[ 雷]达Doppler radar 多普勒天气雷达incoherent radar 非相关雷达radar network composite 雷达组网 radar sounding 雷达探空windfinding radar 测风雷达Doppler sodar 多普勒声达Doppler lidar 多普勒激光雷达MST radar MST 雷达UHF Doppler radar 超高频雷达VHF radar 甚高频雷达coherent memory filter,CMF 相关储蓄滤波器radar rainfall integrator 雷达雨量积分器 range velocity display, RVD 距离速度显示 velocity azimuth display, VAD 速度方向显示 constant altitude plan position indicator, CAPPI 等高平面地点显示器plan postion indicator, PPI 平面地点显示器plan shear indicator, PSI 平面切变显示器velocity azimuth range display, VARD 速度方位距离显示radarsonde 雷达测风仪atmospheric remote sensing大气遥感 inverse technique 反演法temperature retrieval 温度反演inversion of satellite sounding 卫星探测反演meteorological satellite 气象卫星NIMBUS雨云卫星NOAA 诺阿卫星polar-orbiting meteorological satellite 极轨气象卫星TIROS 泰罗斯卫星TIROS-N 泰罗斯 -N 卫星ESSA 艾萨卫星ITOS 艾托斯卫星geostationary meteorological satellite,GMS 地球静止气象卫星meteorological satellite ground station 气象卫星地面站microwave radiometer 微波辐射仪high resolution interferometric sounder 高分辨[ 率] 干涉探测器high resolution infrared radiation sounder, HRIRS 高分辨 [率 ]红外辐射探测器scanning radiometer, SR 扫描辐射仪very high resolution radiometer, VHRR 甚高分辨率辐射仪vertical temperature profile radiometer 温度垂直廓线辐射仪data collection platform, DCP 资料采集平台automatic picture transmission, APT 自动图象传输high resolution picture transmission, HRPT 高分辨[率]图象传输high resolution facsimile, HR-FAX 高分辨率[云图 ]传真low resolution facsimile, LR-FAX 低分辨率 [云图]传真delay picture transmission, DPT 延时图象传输 direct read-out ground station 直读式地面站 weather facsimile, WEFAX 天气图传真synoptic data 天气资料non-synoptic data 非天气资料real time data 及时资料 non-real time data 非及时资料stretched data 时展资料 sub-satellite point [卫星 ] 星下点temporal resolution 时间分辨率spatial resolution 空间分辨率full resolution 全分辨率radiation transfer equation 辐射传输方程atmospheric transmission model 大气传输模式3.大气物理学atmospheric physics 大气物理 [ 学]cloud physics 云物理学precipitation physics 降水物理学cloud dynamics 云动力学middle atmospheric physics 中层大气物理学 aeronomy 高空大气学aerology 高空气象学radio meteorology 无线电气象学boundary layer meteorology 界限层气象学 boundary layer climate 界限层天气atmospheric boundary layer 大气界限层air-sea interface 海气界面air-sea exchange海气交换tracer diffusion experiment 示踪扩散实验surface layer 近地层surface roughness地面粗糙度 atmospheric duct 大气波导advection 平流 convection 对流free convection 自由对流forced convection 逼迫对流convection cell 对流单体Benard cell 贝纳胞Benard convection 贝纳对流convection model 对流模式updraught 上曳气流downdraught 下曳气流transitional flow 过渡气流dry deposition 干沉降wet deposition 湿沉降aerosol 气溶胶aerosol particle size distribution 气溶胶粒子谱aqueous aerosol湿气溶胶stratospheric aerosol 平流层气溶胶 hail generation zone 冰雹生成区 conical hail 锥形冰雹 hailembryo 雹核hail lobe 雹瓣hail pellet 雹粒cumulonimbus model 积雨云模式condensation process凝固过程cloud condensation nuclei, CCN 云凝固核 artificial nucleation 人工成核作用 cloud top temperature 云顶温度 ice-watermixed cloud 冰水混杂云 cloud structure云结构cloud particle sampler 云滴采样器cloud droplet-size distribution 云滴谱cloud droplet collector 云滴谱仪raindrop size distribution 雨滴谱drop-size distribution parameter 滴谱参数disdrometer, raindrop disdrometer 雨滴谱仪fog-drop 雾滴cloud droplet 云滴supercooled cloud droplet 过冷云滴 drop spectrum 滴谱collision 碰撞coagulation 碰并ice crystal 冰晶ice needle 冰针ice nucleus 冰核ice point 冰点condensation 凝固evaporation 蒸发potential evaporation 暗藏蒸发 solidification 凝固deposition 凝华 sublimation 升华 freezing 冻结freezing nucleus 冻结核condensation nucleus凝固核 salt nucleus 盐核 cloudchamber 云室combustion nucleus 燃烧核deposition nucleus 凝华核weather modification 人工影响天气target area 目标区cloud dissipation 消云salt-seeding 盐粉播撒frost prevention 防霜cloud seeding 播云cloud seeding agent 播云剂artificial precipitation 人工降水hail suppression 防雹fog dissipation 消雾dynamic cloud seeding 动力播云radar meteorology 雷达气象学meteorological radar equation 气象雷达方程radar meteorological observation 雷达气象察看radar reflectivity factor 雷达反射率因子radar equivalent reflectivity factor 雷达等效反射率因子weather echo 天气回波 cloudecho 云回波 echo wall 回波墙superrefraction echo 超折射回波 second trip echo 二次回波incoherent echo 非相关回波coherent echo 相关回波 groundecho 地物回波clear air echo 晴空回波convective echo 对流回波whirling echo 涡旋状回波spiral rain-band echo 螺旋雨带回波 layered echo 层状回波 bandedecho 带状回波hook echo 钩状回波weak echo vault 弱回波穹窿precipitation echo 降水回波angel echo 异常回波elevated echo 雨幡回波cell echo 单体回波supercell 超级单体multiple-cell echo 多单体回波echo complex 回波复合体cloud top height, CTH 云顶高度echo depth 回波厚度echo character 回波特色 echoanalysis 回波剖析 echo distortion 回波畸变 radar reflectivity 雷达反射率superrefraction 超折射 negativerefraction 负折射 troposphericrefraction 对流层折射 beam fillingcoefficient 波束充塞系数 range bin 距离库range averaging 距离均匀 azimuth averaging 方向均匀 range resolution距离分辨率 azimuth resolution 方向角分辨率 number of range samples距离采样数 coherent-video signal 相关视频信号 quantized signal 量化信号 depolarization ratio 退偏振比rotation band 转动谱带Doppler velocity 多普勒速度range ambiguity 距离模糊maximum unambiguous range 最大不模糊距离 velocity ambiguity 速度模糊 realtime display 及时显示pattern recognition technique 图形鉴别技术tracking radar echoes by correlation,TREC 雷达回波相关追踪法thunderstorm monitoring 雷暴监测gray scale 灰 [色标 ]度cloud attenuation 云衰减precipitation attenuation 降水衰减range attenuation 距离衰减 echo synthetic chart 回波综合图 iso-echo contour 等回波线normalized echo intensity 归一化回波强度isolated cell 孤立单体weak cell 弱单体satellite meteorology 卫星气象学satellite sounding 卫星探测cloud cluster 云团satellite cloud picture 卫星云图sectorized cloud picture 分区云图 picture mosaic 拼图image processing 图象办理 distortion correction 畸变校订 infrared cloud picture 红外云图 visible cloud picture可见光云图 nulti-spectral image, MSI多波段图象 microwave image 微波图象image resolution 图象分辨率 digitized cloud map 数字化云图 enhancedcloud picture 加强云图 false-colorcloud picture 假彩色云图 pseudo-color cloud picture 伪彩色云图 full-disc cloud picture 全景圆盘云图nephanalysis 云[ 层]剖析图 brightness temperature亮度温度 cloud coverage云覆盖区 cloud street 云街cloud line 云线spiral cloud band 螺旋云带monsoon cloud cluster 季风云团 tropical cloud cluster 热带云团 squall cloud 飑线云shield cloud 盾状云open [cloud] cells 张口型细胞状云close [cloud] cells 封闭型细胞状云cellular pattern 细胞状云 cloudsystem 云系comma cloud system 逗点云系banded cloud system 带状云系vortex cloud system 涡旋云系 jetstream cloud system 急流云系satellite derived wind 卫星云迹风satellite cloud picture analysis 卫星云图剖析 limb scanning method 临边扫描法limb retrieval 临边反演occultation method 掩星法backscatter ultraviolet technique 紫外辐射后向散射法linear inversion 线性反演 watervapor retrieval 水汽反演humidity retrieval 湿度反演 limbbrightening 临边增亮 limbdarkening 临边变暗sun glint 日照亮斑 atmosphericradiation 大气辐射 solar radiation太阳辐射 solar constant 太阳常数monochromatic radiation 单色辐射outgoing long-wave radiation, OLR 向外长波辐射visible light 可见光 radiationbalance 辐射均衡 globalradiation 总辐射 directradiation 直接辐射 effectiveradiation 有效辐射scattered radiation 散射辐射 diffuse radiation 漫射辐射 sky radiation 天空辐射upward [tatal] radiation 向上 [ 全 ]辐射downward [total] radiation 向下 [全] 辐射incoming radiation 入射辐射equivalent clear column radiance 等效晴空辐射率atmospheric transmissivity 大气透射率Van Allen radiation belt 范艾伦辐射带albedo of the earth-atmosphere system 地气系统反照率albedo of underlying surface 下垫面反照率earth radiation belt 地球辐射带nocturnal radiation 夜间辐射atmospheric counter radiation 大气逆辐射radiance 辐射率irradiation 辐照irradiance 辐照度reflected radiation 反射辐射albedo 反照率band model 带模式statistical band model 统计带模式regular band model 规则带模式random Elsasser band model 随机爱尔沙色带模式strong-line approximation 强线近似weak-line approximation 弱线近似planetary temperature 行星温度atmospheric attenuation 大气衰减atmospheric absorption 大气汲取atmospheric window 大气窗[atmospheric] absorptivity [大气 ]汲取率 non-scattering atmosphere无散射大气 extinction coefficient 消光系数atmospheric radioactivity 大气放射性atmospheric optics 大气光学atmospheric optical spectrum 大气光谱atmospheric refraction 大气折射atmospheric optical mass 大气光学质量 primary scattering 一次散射Mie scattering 米散射multiple scattering 多次散射Rayleigh scattering 瑞利散射volume scattering function 体散射函数forward scattering 前向散射backscattering 后向散射scattering cross-section散射截面backscattering cross-section后向散射截面 one-way attenuation 单程衰减two-way attenuation 双程衰减scattering coefficient 散射系数attenuation coefficient 衰减系数attenuation cross-section衰减截面 absorption cross-section 汲取截面 atmospheric polarization 大气偏振 night-sky light 夜天光sky brightness, sky luminance 天空亮度atmospheric optical thickness, atmospheric optical depth 大气光学厚度[atmospheric] transparency 大[气 ] 透明度atmospheric optical phenomena大气光学现象 atmospheric turbidity 大气浑浊度turbidity factor 浑浊因子mirage 蜃景twilight曙暮光aurora australis 南极光aurora borealis 北极光anthelion 反日parhelion 假日paraselene 假月46°halo 46 度晕22°halo 22 度晕solar halo 日晕lunar halo 月晕solar corona 日华lunar corona 月华rainbow 虹secondary rainbow 霓halo 晕corona 华twilight colors霞airglow 气辉aurora 极光glory 宝光 [ 环]atmospheric electricity 大气电学fair weather electric field 晴日电场air discharge 空中放电cloud-to-cloud discharge, intercloud discharge 云标放电cloud discharge 云放电cloud-to-ground discharge 云地 [间] 放电ionospheric storm 电离层暴ionospheric sudden disturbance电离层突扰magnetic storm 磁暴atmospheric electric conductivity 大气电导率atmospheric acoustics 大气声学acoustic sounding 声学探测4.大气化学atmospheric chemistry 大气化学atmospheric photochemistry 大气光化学 atmospheric photolysis 大气光解作用 atmospheric ozone 大气臭氧atmospheric trace gas大气痕量气体photochemical reaction 光化反响photochemical smog 光化烟雾precipitation chemistry 降水化学threshold temperature of ice nucleation 成冰阈温5.动力气象学dynamic meteorology 动力气象学atmospheric thermodynamics 大气热力学sensible heat 感热latent heat 潜热reversible adiabatic process可逆绝热过程irreversible adiabatic process 不能够逆绝热过程 moisture inversion 逆湿thermodynamic equation 热力学方程 temperature inversion 逆温turbulence inversion 湍流逆温surface inversion 地面逆温 radiation inversion 辐射逆温 cappinginversion 覆盖逆温 subsidenceinversion 下沉逆温 frontal inversion锋面逆温 inversion layer 逆温层isentropic chart 等熵面图tephigram 温熵图T-ln p diagram 温度 -对数压力争temperature gradient 温度梯度temperature advection 温度平流adiabatic ascending 绝热上涨adiabatic sinking 绝热下沉adiabatic cooling 绝热冷却adiabatic heating 绝热增温pseudo-adiabatic process假绝热过程diabatic process 非绝热过程convective condensation level, CCL 对流凝固高度mixing condensation level 混杂凝固高度temperature lapse rate气温直减率dry adiabatic lapse rate 干绝热直减率moist adiabatic lapse rate湿绝热直减率 condensation level, CL 凝固高度condensation efficiency 凝固效率thermal stratification 热力层结equivalent temperature 相当温度virtual temperature 虚温dry adiabatic process 干绝热过程moist adiabatic process 湿绝热过程adiabatic diagram 绝热图 pseudo-adiabatic diagram 假绝热图pseudo-adiabatic lapse rate假绝热直减率potential temperature 位温 pseudo-equivalent potential temperature 假相当位温wet-bulb potential temperature 湿球位温 wet-bulb pseudo potential temperature 假湿球位温wet-bulb pseudo-temperature 假湿球温度 atmospheric dynamics 大气动力学equation of motion 运动方程 continuity equation 连续方程 equation of state 状态方程vorticity equation 涡度方程divergence equation 散度方程hydrostatic equation 流体静力方程ω-equation 方ω程 perturbationequation 扰动方程 thermal windequation 热成风方程moisture [conservation] equation 水汽守恒方程 advective equation 平流方程balance equation 均衡方程 baroclinic process 斜压过程 Reynolds stress 雷诺应力meteorological wind tunnel 气象风洞equivalent barotropic atmosphere 相当正压大气hydrostatic adjustment process静力适应过程geostrophic adjustment 地转适应available potential energy 有效位能enstrophy 涡动拟能geopotential meter 位势米geopotential height 位势高度inertial instability惯性不坚固free convection level 自由对流高度[atmospheric] stability [ 大气 ]坚固度[atmospheric] instability [ 大气 ]不坚固度 static stability 静力坚固度index of stability 坚固度指数absolute stability 绝对坚固absolute instability 绝对不坚固neutral stability 中性坚固conditional instability 条件 [ 性]不坚固inertial stability 惯性坚固度convective instability 对流不坚固convective stability 对流 [性 ] 坚固度atmospheric disturbance 大气扰动 nonlinear instability 非线性不坚固 [性] conditional instability of the second kind, CISK第二类条件 [ 性]不坚固shearing instability 切变不坚固barotropic instability 正压不坚固baroclinic instability 斜压不坚固latent instability 暗藏不坚固conservation of potential vorticity 位涡守恒tendency equation 偏向方程z-coordinate z坐标 p-coordinate p坐标σ-coordinate 坐σ标θ-coordinate 位温坐标 hybridcoordinate 混杂坐标convergence 辐合divergence 辐散divergence 散度horizontal divergence 水平散度steering flow 指引气流 vorticity涡度relative vorticity 相对涡度absolute vorticity 绝对涡度planetary vorticity 行星涡度β-plane β面平conservation of absolute vorticity 绝对涡度守恒geostrophic vorticity 地转涡度cyclonic vorticity气旋性涡度anticyclonic vorticity反气旋涡度shearing vorticity 切变涡度curvature vorticity 曲率涡度potential vorticity 位势涡度eddy conductivity 涡动传导率eddy viscosity 涡动粘滞率friction velocity摩擦速度eddy shearing stress涡动切应力atmospheric wave 大气颠簸adjustment of longwave 长波调整inertia wave 惯性波baroclinic wave 斜压波barotropic wave 正压波gravity wave 重力波inertia-gravity wave 惯性重力波internal gravity wave 重力内波external gravity wave 重力外波gravity wave drag 重力波拖曳drag coefficient 拖曳系数orographic drag 地形拖曳orographic wave 地形波lee wave 背风波Helmholtz wave 赫姆霍兹波Kelvin wave 开尔文波 Lambwave 兰姆波 Rossby wave罗斯贝波 stationary wave 定常波 transient wave 瞬变波solitary wave 孤立波progressive wave 行进波retrograde wave 退后波shearing wave 切变波mixed Rossby-gravity wave 混杂罗斯贝重力波ultra-long wave 超长波atmospheric noise 大气噪声Prandtl number 普朗特数Rayleigh number 瑞利数Reynolds number 雷诺数Richardson number 里查森数 Froude number 弗劳德数Rossby number 罗斯贝数rotating dishpan experiment 转盘实验 Hadley regime 哈得来域Rossby regime 罗斯贝域mixing layer 混杂层 non-divergence level 无辐散层cyclostrophic wind 旋衡风gradient wind 梯度风countergradient wind 反梯度风subgradient wind 次梯度风supergradient wind 超梯度风thermal wind 热成风 veeringwind 顺转风 backing wind 逆转风wind shear 风切变geostrophic wind 地转风antitriptic wind 摩擦风subgeostrophic wind 次地转风supergeostrophic wind 超地转风 ageostrophic wind 非地转风isallobaric wind 变压风 jetstream 急流northern branch jet stream 北支急流 southern branch jet stream南支急流 basic flow 基本气流subtropical jet stream 副热带急流 axis of jet stream 急流轴streamline 流线westerly jet 西风急流convective cloud 对流云deep convection 深对流shallow convection 浅对流line convection 线对流Ekman flow 埃克曼流 thermalconvection 热对流 moistconvection 湿对流 cumulusconvection 积云对流mesoscale convective system, MCS中尺度对流系统warm advection 暖平流cold advection 冷平流upward flow 上涨气流downward flow 下沉气流convective adjustment 对流调整convective parameterization 对流参数化mesoscale convective complex, MCC 中尺度对流复合体geostrophic motion 地转运动 quasi-geostrophic motion 准地转运动semi-geostrophic motion 半地转运动ageostrophic motion 非地转运动irrotational motion 无旋运动nondivergent motion 无辐散运动baroclinic atmosphere 斜压大气barotropic atmosphere 正压大气baroclinic mode 斜压模态 barotropicmode 正压模态normal mode 正规模态 Ekmanlayer 埃克曼层 Ekman spiral 埃克曼螺线 atmospheric circulation大气环流 meridional circulation经向环流zonal circulation 纬向环流chaos 混沌Hadley cell 哈得来环流numerical weather prediction, NWP 数值天气Walker cell 沃克环流预告direct circulation直接环流model output statistic prediction, MOS indirect circulation 间接环流 [ 圈]prediction 模式输出统计预告trade-wind circulation信风环流equivalent barotropic model 相当正压模式circulation cell 环流圈quasi-geostrophic model 准地转模式local circulation 局地环流filtered model 过滤模式three-cell [meridional] circulation 三圈经向环adiabatic model 绝热模式流primitive equation model 原始方程模式circulation index环流指数mesoscale model 中尺度模式high index高指数scaling 尺度剖析low index低指数synoptic scale 天气尺度index cycle 指数循环planetary scale 行星尺度circulation theorem 环流定理meso scale 中尺度Kelvin's theorem of circulation 开尔文环流定meso-α scale 中尺α度理meso-β scale 中尺β度Bjerknes circulation theorem 皮叶克尼斯环流meso-γ scale 中尺γ度定理spectral model 谱模式cross-equatorial flow 越赤道气流movable fine-mesh model 可挪动细网格模式adjustment of circulation 环流调整semi-implicit scheme 半隐式格式mesospheric circulation 中间层环流conservation scheme守恒格式large-scale circulation 大尺度环流finite difference model 差分模式atmospheric center of action 大气活动中心upstream scheme迎风差格式stratospheric sudden warming 平流层迸发 [ 性]computational instability 线性计算不坚固增温perturbation method 小扰动法atmospheric turbulence 大气湍流energy cascade能量串级eddy 涡旋objective analysis 客观剖析flux通量physical mode 物理模 [态]turbulent flux 湍流通量computational mode 计算模 [ 态 ]isotropic turbulence 各向同性湍流model resolution 模式分辨率mixing length 混杂长skill score 技巧分K theory of turbulence湍流subgrid scale parameterization 次网格尺度参数[WTHZ]K[WT][HT5H]理论化Prandtl mixing-length theory 普朗特混杂长理normal mode initialization 正规模 [态 ]初值化论dynamic initialization 动力初值化turbulent boundary layer 湍流界限层static initialization 静力初值化laminar boundary layer 层流界限层four-dimensional data assimilation 四维资料同turbulence spectrum 湍流谱化turbulence energy 湍流能量rigid boundary condition 刚体界限条件turbulent exchange 湍流交换spongy boundary condition 海绵界限条件turbulent diffusion 湍流扩散first guess 初估值Eliassen-Palm flux EP通量time smoothing 时间圆滑lateral mixing 侧向混杂space smoothing 空间圆滑。
关键词(大气科学 中英文对照)
atmospheric science大气科学meteorology气象学theoretical meteorology理论气象学mesometeorology中尺度气象学micrometeorology微气象学physical meteorology物理气象学atmosphere大气evolution of atmosphere大气演化atmospheric impurity大气杂质atmospheric suspended matter大气悬浮物atmospheric diffusion大气扩散atmospheric composition大气成分atmospheric ion大气离子atmospheric mass大气质量air quality大气品位atmospheric density大气密度atmospheric subdivision大气分层homosphere均质层heterosphere非均质层homopause均质层顶significant level特性层standard [pressure] level标准层isothermal layer等温层lower atmosphere低层大气middle atmosphere中层大气upper atmosphere高层大气troposphere对流层tropopause对流层顶stratosphere平流层stratopause平流层顶mesosphere中间层mesopause中间层顶thermosphere热层exosphere外[逸]层ionosphere电离层magnetosphere磁层magnetopause磁层顶chemosphere光化层chemopause光化层顶ozonosphere臭氧层free atmosphere自由大气planetary atmosphere行星大气standard atmosphere(reference atmosphere)标准大气 （参考大气）homogeneous atmosphere均质大气isothermal atmosphere等温大气polytropic atmosphere多元大气scale height大气标高meteorological element气象要素air temperature气温wet-bulb temperature湿球温度dry-bulb temperature干球温度temperature profile温度廓线atmospheric pressure气压standard atmosphere pressure标准大气压station pressure本站气压sea-level pressure海平面气压pressure gradient气压梯度barometric height formula压高公式pressure gradient force气压梯度力Coriolis force科里奥利力water vapor水[蒸]汽transfer of water vapor水汽输送water vapor profile水汽廓线water vapor pressure水汽压humidity湿度relative humidity相对湿度absolute humidity绝对湿度specific humidity比湿mixing ratio混合比dew point [temperature]露点(温度) depression of the dew point（温度）露点差super-saturated air过饱和空气saturation specific humidity饱和比湿saturation vapor pressure饱和水汽压psychrometric formula测湿公式saturation deficit饱和差international cloud atlas国际云图cloud云low cloud低云middle cloud中云high cloud高云cloud base云底cloud top云顶cloud ceiling云幂cloud amount云量total cloud cover总云量cloud with vertical development直展云cloud height云高cloud genera云属cloud etage云族cloud species云种cloud variety云类cloud form云状cirrus, Ci卷云cirrus fibratus, Ci fib毛卷云cirrus spissatus, Ci spi密卷云cirrus uncinus, Ci unc钩卷云cirrostratus, Cs卷层云cirrostratus fibratus, Cs fib毛卷层云cirrostratus nebulosus, Cs neb薄幕卷层云cirrocumulus, Cc卷积云altocumulus, Ac高积云altocumulus translucidus, Ac tr透光高积云altocumulus opacus, Ac op蔽光高积云altocumulus lenticularis, Ac len荚状高积云altocumulus cumulogenitus, Ac cug积云性高积云altocumulus floccus絮状高积云altocumulus castellanus, Ac cas堡状高积云altostratus, As高层云altostratus translucidus, As tr透光高层云altostratus opacus, As op蔽光高层云cumulus, Cu积云cumulus humilis, Cu hum淡积云cumulus mediocris, Cu med中展积云cumulus fractus, Cu fra碎积云cumulus congestus, Cu con浓积云cumulonimbus, Cb积雨云cumulonimbus calvus, Cb cal秃积雨云cumulonimbus capillatus, Cb cap鬃积雨云stratocumulus, Sc层积云stratocumulus translucidus, Sc tr透光层积云stratocumulus opacus, Sc op蔽光层积云stratocumulus cumulogenitus, Sc cug积云性层积云stratocumulus castellanus, Sc cas堡状层积云stratocumulus lenticularis, Sc len荚状层积云stratus, St层云stratus fractus, St fra碎层云nimbostratus, Ns雨层云stratiform cloud层状云cumuliform cloud积状云fracto-nimbus,Fn碎雨云chaotic sky混乱天空cold cloud冷云warm cloud暖云ice cloud冰云water cloud水云hail cloud[冰]雹云wind风wind direction风向wind speed, wind velocity风速maximum wind speed最大风速extreme wind speed极大风速wind speed profile风速廓线horizontal wind vector水平风矢量wind force风力wind force scale风级Beaufort [wind] scale蒲福风级calm0级风light air1级风light breeze2级风gentle breeze3级风moderate breeze4级风fresh breeze5级风strong breeze6级风near gale7级风gale8级风strong gale9级风storm10级风violent storm11级风hurricane12级风gust阵风local wind地方性风surface wind地面风foehn焚风mountain-valley breeze山谷风sea-land breeze海陆风on-shore wind向岸风off-shore wind离岸风gorge wind峡谷风slope wind坡风glacier breeze冰川风drainage wind流泄风visibility能见度effective visibility有效能见度visual range of light灯光能见距离surface visibility地面能见度horizontal visibility水平能见度vertical visibility垂直能见度slant visibility倾斜能见度meteor大气现象weather phenomenon天气现象clear sky晴天partly cloudy少云cloudy多云overcast阴天blue of the sky天空蓝度apparent form of the sky天穹形状state of ground地面状态sky condition天空状况precipitation降水amount of precipitation降水量precipitation intensity降水强度showery precipitation阵性降水convective precipitation对流性降水non-convective precipitation非对流性降水orographic precipitation地形降水rain雨rain virga雨幡rain drop雨滴rain shadow雨影glaze雨凇rain day雨日rainfall [amount]雨量continuous precipitation连续性降水intermittent precipitation间歇性降水showery rain阵雨freezing rain冻雨drizzle毛毛雨light rain小雨moderate rain中雨heavy rain大雨torrential rain暴雨local precipitation地方性降水orographic rain地形雨storm风暴sandstorm, duststorm沙[尘]暴hail storm雹暴haze霾haze aloft高空霾dust浮尘blowing sand高吹沙drifting sand低吹沙dew露frost霜frost point霜点first frost初霜latest frost终霜tornado龙卷dust devil尘卷风squall飑snow雪snow virga雪幡sleet雨夹雪showery snow阵雪snow crystal雪晶snowflake雪花snow grains米雪snowstorm雪暴driven snow吹雪drifting snow低吹雪blowing snow高吹雪snow cover积雪snowfall [amount]雪量snow depth雪深snow day雪日icing积冰wire icing电线积冰hail冰雹hailstone雹块ice pellet冰丸thunder雷thunderstorm雷暴thunder shower雷阵雨orographic thunderstorm地形雷暴thunderstorm cell雷暴单体atmospherics天电lightning闪电lightning channel闪电通道forked lightning叉状闪电sheet lightning片状闪电ball lightning球状闪电streak lightning条状闪电pearl-necklace lightning串珠状闪电fog雾mist轻雾wet fog湿雾sea fog海雾ice fog冰雾frontal fog锋面雾advection fog平流雾radiation fog辐射雾advection-radiation fog平流辐射雾mixing fog混合雾evaporation fog蒸发雾supercooled fog过冷却雾ground fog地面雾upslope fog上坡雾air-mass fog气团雾tropical air fog热带气团雾rime雾凇graupel霰percentage of sunshine日照百分率sunshine duration日照时数duration of possible sunshine可照时数02. 大气探测atmospheric sounding and observing大气探测meteorological observation气象观测synoptic observation天气观测synoptic hour天气观测时间principal synoptic observation基本天气观测intermediate synoptic observation辅助天气观测surface observation地面观测visual observation目测background pollution observation本底污染观测field observation外场观测conventional observation常规观测non-conventional observation非常规观测ship observation船舶观测fixed point observation定点观测space-based observation空基观测ground-based observation地基观测mountain observation山地观测sounding探空upper air observation高空观测auxiliary ship observation, ASO辅助船舶观测aircraft sounding飞机探测rocket sounding火箭探测radio sounding无线电探空captive balloon sounding系留气球探测pilot balloon observation测风气球观测radiowind observation无线电测风观测standard time of observation标准观测时间actual time of observation实际观测时间observational frequency观测次数observational error观测误差supplementary observation补充观测autographic records自记记录surface data地面资料upper air data高空资料barometer level气压表高度pressure reduction气压换算barometric correction气压订正international synoptic code国际[天气]电码network of meteorological station气象台站网observation site观测场meteorological platform气象观测平台ocean weather station海洋气象站fixed ship station固定船舶站mobile ship station移动船舶站mountain observation station高山[观]测站automatic meteorological station自动气象站meteorological instrument气象仪器screen,instrument shelter百叶箱thermometer温度表telethermometer遥测温度表thermograph温度计geothermometer地温表surface geothermometer地面温度表angle geothermometer曲管地温表tube-typed geothermometer直管地温表grass thermometer草温表maximum thermometer最高温度表minimum thermometer最低温度表mercury thermometer水银温度表Lyman-α hygrometer莱曼-α湿度表bimetallic thermograph双金属片温度计barograph气压计aneroid barograph空盒气压计mountain barograph高山气压计barometer气压表aneroid barometer空盒气压表ship-barometer船用气压表mountain barometer高山气压表pressure altimeter气压测高表normal barometer标准气压表national standard barometer国家标准气压表regional standard barometer区域标准气压表absolute standard barometer绝对标准气压表microbarograph微压计mercury barometer水银气压表Fortin barometer福丁气压表Kew pattern barometer寇乌气压表hygrograph湿度计hygrometer湿度表psychrometer干湿表aspirated psychrometer通风干湿表standard aspirated psychrometer标准通风干湿表whirling psychrometer, sling psychrometer手摇干湿表Assmann psychrometer阿斯曼干湿表dew-point hygrometer露点湿度表hair hygrometer毛发湿度表hair hygrograph毛发湿度计black and white bulb thermometer黑白球温度表barothermograph气压温度计dry-bulb thermometer干球温度表wet-bulb thermometer湿球温度表sunshine recorder日照计Jordan sunshine recorder乔唐日照计Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder康培尔-司托克日照计pyrheliometer直接辐射表pyranometer总辐射表sky radiometer diffusometer天空辐射表albedometer反照率表pyranometer净辐射表pilot-balloon plotting board测风绘图板hail-rain separator雹雨分离器evaporograph蒸发计evaporation pan小型蒸发器evaporation tank大型蒸发器standard pan标准蒸发器ceiling projector云幂灯visibility meter,visiometer能见度表raingauge雨量器pluviograph,recording raingauge雨量计accumulative raingauge累计雨量器tilting bucket raingauge翻斗[式]雨量计electric conductivity raingauge水导[式]雨量计siphon rainfall recorder虹吸[式]雨量计rainfall intensity recorder雨强计telemetering pluviograph遥测雨量计wind vane风向标anemometer风速表contact anemometer电接风速表cup anemometer转杯风速表propeller anemometer螺旋桨[式]风速表anemorumbometer风向风速表hot-wire anemometer热线风速表strong wind anemograph强风仪navaid wind-finding导航测风laser ceilometer激光云幂仪anemograph风速计radio theodolite无线电经纬仪aerological theodolite测风经纬仪radiosonde无线电探空仪dropsonde下投式探空仪constant level balloon定高气球ultrasonic anemometer超声测风仪ceiling balloon云幂气球meteorological aircraft气象飞机snow scale,snow depth scale量雪尺weighting snow-gauge称雪器drosometer, dewgauge测露表frozen soil apparatus冻土器sonde探空仪profiler廓线仪meteorological rocket气象火箭sounding rocket探空火箭weather radar天气雷达meteorological radar气象雷达lidar激光雷达sodar, acoustic radar声[雷]达Doppler radar多普勒天气雷达incoherent radar非相干雷达radar network composite雷达组网radar sounding雷达探空windfinding radar测风雷达Doppler sodar多普勒声达Doppler lidar多普勒激光雷达MST radar MST雷达UHF Doppler radar超高频雷达VHF radar甚高频雷达coherent memory filter,CMF相干存储滤波器radar rainfall integrator雷达雨量积分器range velocity display, RVD距离速度显示velocity azimuth display, VAD速度方位显示等高平面位置显示器constant altitude plan position indicator, CAPPIplan postion indicator, PPI平面位置显示器plan shear indicator, PSI平面切变显示器velocity azimuth range display, VARD速度方位距离显示radarsonde雷达测风仪atmospheric remote sensing大气遥感inverse technique反演法temperature retrieval温度反演inversion of satellite sounding卫星探测反演meteorological satellite气象卫星NIMBUS雨云卫星NOAA诺阿卫星polar-orbiting meteorological satellite极轨气象卫星TIROS泰罗斯卫星TIROS-N泰罗斯-N卫星ESSA艾萨卫星ITOS艾托斯卫星geostationary meteorological satellite,GMS地球静止气象卫星meteorological satellite ground station气象卫星地面站microwave radiometer微波辐射仪high resolution interferometric sounder高分辨[率]干涉探测器高分辨[率]红外辐射探测器high resolution infrared radiation sounder, HRIRscanning radiometer, SR扫描辐射仪very high resolution radiometer, VHRR甚高分辨率辐射仪vertical temperature profile radiometer温度垂直廓线辐射仪data collection platform, DCP资料收集平台automatic picture transmission, APT自动图象传输high resolution picture transmission, HRPT高分辨[率]图象传输high resolution facsimile, HR-FAX高分辨率[云图]传真low resolution facsimile, LR-FAX低分辨率[云图]传真delay picture transmission, DPT延时图象传输direct read-out ground station直读式地面站weather facsimile, WEFAX天气图传真synoptic data天气资料non-synoptic data非天气资料real time data实时资料non-real time data非实时资料stretched data时展资料sub-satellite point[卫星]星下点temporal resolution时间分辨率spatial resolution空间分辨率full resolution全分辨率radiation transfer equation辐射传输方程atmospheric transmission model大气传输模式03. 大气物理学atmospheric physics大气物理[学]cloud physics云物理学precipitation physics降水物理学cloud dynamics云动力学middle atmospheric physics中层大气物理学aeronomy高空大气学aerology高空气象学radio meteorology无线电气象学boundary layer meteorology边界层气象学boundary layer climate边界层气候atmospheric boundary layer大气边界层air-sea interface海气界面air-sea exchange海气交换tracer diffusion experiment示踪扩散实验surface layer近地层surface roughness地面粗糙度atmospheric duct大气波导advection平流convection对流free convection自由对流forced convection强迫对流convection cell对流单体Benard cell贝纳胞Benard convection贝纳对流convection model对流模式updraught上曳气流downdraught下曳气流transitional flow过渡气流dry deposition干沉降wet deposition湿沉降aerosol气溶胶aerosol particle size distribution气溶胶粒子谱aqueous aerosol湿气溶胶stratospheric aerosol平流层气溶胶hail generation zone冰雹生成区conical hail锥形冰雹hail embryo雹核hail lobe雹瓣hail pellet雹粒cumulonimbus model积雨云模式condensation process凝结过程cloud condensation nuclei, CCN云凝结核artificial nucleation人工成核作用cloud top temperature云顶温度ice-water mixed cloud冰水混合云cloud structure云结构cloud particle sampler云滴采样器cloud droplet-size distribution云滴谱cloud droplet collector云滴谱仪raindrop size distribution雨滴谱drop-size distribution parameter滴谱参数disdrometer, raindrop disdrometer雨滴谱仪fog-drop雾滴cloud droplet云滴supercooled cloud droplet过冷云滴drop spectrum滴谱collision碰撞coagulation碰并ice crystal冰晶ice needle冰针ice nucleus冰核ice point冰点condensation凝结evaporation蒸发potential evaporation潜在蒸发solidification凝固deposition凝华sublimation升华freezing冻结freezing nucleus冻结核condensation nucleus凝结核salt nucleus盐核cloud chamber云室combustion nucleus燃烧核deposition nucleus凝华核weather modification人工影响天气target area目标区cloud dissipation消云salt-seeding盐粉播撒frost prevention防霜cloud seeding播云cloud seeding agent播云剂artificial precipitation人工降水hail suppression防雹fog dissipation消雾dynamic cloud seeding动力播云radar meteorology雷达气象学meteorological radar equation气象雷达方程radar meteorological observation雷达气象观测radar reflectivity factor雷达反射率因子radar equivalent reflectivity factor雷达等效反射率因子weather echo天气回波cloud echo云回波echo wall回波墙superrefraction echo超折射回波second trip echo二次回波incoherent echo非相干回波coherent echo相干回波ground echo地物回波clear air echo晴空回波convective echo对流回波whirling echo涡旋状回波spiral rain-band echo螺旋雨带回波layered echo层状回波banded echo带状回波hook echo钩状回波weak echo vault弱回波穹窿precipitation echo降水回波angel echo异常回波elevated echo雨幡回波cell echo单体回波supercell超级单体multiple-cell echo多单体回波echo complex回波复合体cloud top height, CTH云顶高度echo depth回波厚度echo character回波特征echo analysis回波分析echo distortion回波畸变radar reflectivity雷达反射率superrefraction超折射negative refraction负折射tropospheric refraction对流层折射beam filling coefficient波束充塞系数range bin距离库range averaging距离平均azimuth averaging方位平均range resolution距离分辨率azimuth resolution方位角分辨率number of range samples距离采样数coherent-video signal相干视频信号quantized signal量化信号depolarization ratio退偏振比rotation band转动谱带Doppler velocity多普勒速度range ambiguity距离模糊maximum unambiguous range最大不模糊距离velocity ambiguity速度模糊realtime display实时显示pattern recognition technique图形识别技术tracking radar echoes by correlation,TREC雷达回波相关跟踪法thunderstorm monitoring雷暴监测gray scale灰[色标]度cloud attenuation云衰减precipitation attenuation降水衰减range attenuation距离衰减echo synthetic chart回波综合图iso-echo contour等回波线normalized echo intensity归一化回波强度isolated cell孤立单体weak cell弱单体satellite meteorology卫星气象学satellite sounding卫星探测cloud cluster云团satellite cloud picture卫星云图sectorized cloud picture分区云图picture mosaic拼图image processing图象处理distortion correction畸变校正infrared cloud picture红外云图visible cloud picture可见光云图nulti-spectral image, MSI多波段图象microwave image微波图象image resolution图象分辨率digitized cloud map数字化云图enhanced cloud picture增强云图false-color cloud picture假彩色云图pseudo-color cloud picture伪彩色云图full-disc cloud picture全景圆盘云图nephanalysis云[层]分析图brightness temperature亮度温度cloud coverage云覆盖区cloud street云街cloud line云线spiral cloud band螺旋云带monsoon cloud cluster季风云团tropical cloud cluster热带云团squall cloud飑线云shield cloud盾状云open [cloud] cells开口型细胞状云close [cloud] cells封闭型细胞状云cellular pattern细胞状云cloud system云系comma cloud system逗点云系banded cloud system带状云系vortex cloud system涡旋云系jet stream cloud system急流云系satellite derived wind卫星云迹风satellite cloud picture analysis卫星云图分析limb scanning method临边扫描法limb retrieval临边反演occultation method掩星法backscatter ultraviolet technique紫外辐射后向散射法linear inversion线性反演water vapor retrieval 水汽反演humidity retrieval湿度反演limb brightening临边增亮limb darkening临边变暗sun glint日照亮斑atmospheric radiation大气辐射solar radiation太阳辐射solar constant太阳常数monochromatic radiation单色辐射outgoing long-wave radiation, OLR向外长波辐射visible light可见光radiation balance辐射平衡global radiation总辐射direct radiation直接辐射effective radiation有效辐射scattered radiation散射辐射diffuse radiation漫射辐射sky radiation天空辐射upward [tatal] radiation向上[全]辐射downward [total] radiation向下[全]辐射incoming radiation入射辐射equivalent clear column radiance等效晴空辐射率atmospheric transmissivity大气透射率Van Allen radiation belt范艾伦辐射带albedo of the earth-atmosphere system地气系统反照率albedo of underlying surface下垫面反照率earth radiation belt地球辐射带nocturnal radiation夜间辐射atmospheric counter radiation大气逆辐射radiance辐射率irradiation辐照irradiance辐照度reflected radiation反射辐射albedo反照率band model带模式statistical band model统计带模式regular band model规则带模式random Elsasser band model随机爱尔沙色带模式strong-line approximation强线近似weak-line approximation弱线近似planetary temperature行星温度atmospheric attenuation大气衰减atmospheric absorption大气吸收atmospheric window大气窗[atmospheric] absorptivity[大气]吸收率non-scattering atmosphere无散射大气extinction coefficient消光系数atmospheric radioactivity大气放射性atmospheric optics大气光学atmospheric optical spectrum大气光谱atmospheric refraction大气折射atmospheric optical mass大气光学质量primary scattering一次散射Mie scattering米散射multiple scattering多次散射Rayleigh scattering瑞利散射volume scattering function体散射函数forward scattering前向散射backscattering后向散射scattering cross-section散射截面backscattering cross-section后向散射截面one-way attenuation单程衰减two-way attenuation双程衰减scattering coefficient散射系数attenuation coefficient衰减系数attenuation cross-section衰减截面absorption cross-section吸收截面atmospheric polarization大气偏振night-sky light夜天光sky brightness, sky luminance天空亮度大气光学厚度atmospheric optical thickness, atmospheric optic [atmospheric] transparency[大气]透明度atmospheric optical phenomena大气光学现象atmospheric turbidity大气浑浊度turbidity factor浑浊因子mirage蜃景twilight曙暮光aurora australis南极光aurora borealis北极光anthelion反日parhelion假日paraselene假月46° halo46度晕22° halo22度晕solar halo日晕lunar halo月晕solar corona日华lunar corona月华rainbow虹secondary rainbow霓halo晕corona华twilight colors霞airglow气辉aurora极光glory宝光[环] atmospheric electricity大气电学fair weather electric field晴天电场air discharge空中放电cloud-to-cloud discharge, intercloud discharge云标放电cloud discharge云放电cloud-to-ground discharge云地[间]放电ionospheric storm电离层暴ionospheric sudden disturbance电离层突扰magnetic storm磁暴atmospheric electric conductivity大气电导率atmospheric acoustics大气声学acoustic sounding声学探测04. 大气化学atmospheric chemistry大气化学atmospheric photochemistry大气光化学atmospheric photolysis大气光解作用atmospheric ozone大气臭氧atmospheric trace gas大气痕量气体photochemical reaction光化反应photochemical smog光化烟雾precipitation chemistry降水化学threshold temperature of ice nucleation成冰阈温05. 动力气象学dynamic meteorology动力气象学atmospheric thermodynamics大气热力学sensible heat感热latent heat潜热reversible adiabatic process可逆绝热过程irreversible adiabatic process不可逆绝热过程moisture inversion逆湿thermodynamic equation热力学方程temperature inversion逆温turbulence inversion湍流逆温surface inversion地面逆温radiation inversion辐射逆温capping inversion覆盖逆温subsidence inversion下沉逆温frontal inversion锋面逆温inversion layer逆温层isentropic chart等熵面图tephigram温熵图T-ln p diagram温度-对数压力图temperature gradient温度梯度temperature advection温度平流adiabatic ascending绝热上升adiabatic sinking绝热下沉adiabatic cooling绝热冷却adiabatic heating绝热增温pseudo-adiabatic process假绝热过程diabatic process非绝热过程convective condensation level, CCL对流凝结高度mixing condensation level混合凝结高度temperature lapse rate气温直减率dry adiabatic lapse rate干绝热直减率moist adiabatic lapse rate湿绝热直减率condensation level, CL凝结高度condensation efficiency凝结效率thermal stratification热力层结equivalent temperature相当温度virtual temperature虚温dry adiabatic process干绝热过程moist adiabatic process湿绝热过程adiabatic diagram绝热图pseudo-adiabatic diagram假绝热图pseudo-adiabatic lapse rate假绝热直减率potential temperature位温pseudo-equivalent potential temperature假相当位温wet-bulb potential temperature湿球位温wet-bulb pseudo potential temperature假湿球位温wet-bulb pseudo-temperature假湿球温度atmospheric dynamics大气动力学equation of motion运动方程continuity equation连续方程equation of state状态方程vorticity equation涡度方程divergence equation散度方程hydrostatic equation流体静力方程ω-equationω方程perturbation equation扰动方程thermal wind equation热成风方程moisture [conservation] equation水汽守恒方程advective equation平流方程balance equation平衡方程baroclinic process斜压过程Reynolds stress雷诺应力meteorological wind tunnel气象风洞equivalent barotropic atmosphere相当正压大气hydrostatic adjustment process静力适应过程geostrophic adjustment地转适应available potential energy有效位能enstrophy涡动拟能geopotential meter位势米geopotential height位势高度inertial instability惯性不稳定free convection level自由对流高度[atmospheric] stability[大气]稳定度[atmospheric] instability[大气]不稳定度static stability静力稳定度index of stability稳定度指数absolute stability绝对稳定absolute instability绝对不稳定neutral stability中性稳定conditional instability条件[性]不稳定inertial stability惯性稳定度convective instability对流不稳定convective stability对流[性]稳定度atmospheric disturbance大气扰动nonlinear instability非线性不稳定[性]第二类条件[性]不稳定conditional instability of the second kind, CISKshearing instability切变不稳定barotropic instability正压不稳定baroclinic instability斜压不稳定latent instability潜在不稳定conservation of potential vorticity位涡守恒tendency equation倾向方程z-coordinate z坐标p-coordinate p坐标σ-coordinateσ坐标θ-coordinate位温坐标hybrid coordinate混合坐标convergence辐合divergence辐散divergence散度horizontal divergence水平散度steering flow引导气流vorticity涡度relative vorticity相对涡度absolute vorticity绝对涡度planetary vorticity行星涡度β-planeβ平面conservation of absolute vorticity绝对涡度守恒geostrophic vorticity地转涡度cyclonic vorticity气旋性涡度anticyclonic vorticity反气旋涡度shearing vorticity切变涡度curvature vorticity曲率涡度potential vorticity位势涡度eddy conductivity涡动传导率eddy viscosity涡动粘滞率friction velocity摩擦速度eddy shearing stress涡动切应力atmospheric wave大气波动adjustment of longwave长波调整inertia wave惯性波baroclinic wave斜压波barotropic wave正压波gravity wave重力波inertia-gravity wave惯性重力波internal gravity wave重力内波external gravity wave重力外波gravity wave drag重力波拖曳drag coefficient拖曳系数orographic drag地形拖曳orographic wave地形波lee wave背风波Helmholtz wave赫姆霍兹波Kelvin wave开尔文波Lamb wave兰姆波Rossby wave罗斯贝波stationary wave定常波transient wave瞬变波solitary wave孤立波progressive wave前进波retrograde wave后退波shearing wave切变波mixed Rossby-gravity wave混合罗斯贝重力波ultra-long wave超长波atmospheric noise大气噪声Prandtl number普朗特数Rayleigh number瑞利数Reynolds number雷诺数Richardson number里查森数Froude number弗劳德数Rossby number罗斯贝数rotating dishpan experiment转盘实验Hadley regime哈得来域Rossby regime罗斯贝域mixing layer混合层non-divergence level无辐散层cyclostrophic wind旋衡风gradient wind梯度风countergradient wind反梯度风subgradient wind次梯度风supergradient wind 超梯度风thermal wind热成风veering wind顺转风backing wind逆转风wind shear风切变geostrophic wind地转风antitriptic wind摩擦风subgeostrophic wind次地转风supergeostrophic wind超地转风ageostrophic wind非地转风isallobaric wind变压风jet stream急流northern branch jet stream北支急流southern branch jet stream南支急流basic flow基本气流subtropical jet stream副热带急流axis of jet stream急流轴streamline流线westerly jet西风急流convective cloud对流云deep convection深对流shallow convection浅对流line convection线对流Ekman flow埃克曼流thermal convection热对流moist convection湿对流cumulus convection积云对流mesoscale convective system, MCS中尺度对流系统warm advection暖平流cold advection冷平流upward flow上升气流downward flow下沉气流convective adjustment对流调整convective parameterization对流参数化mesoscale convective complex, MCC中尺度对流复合体geostrophic motion地转运动quasi-geostrophic motion准地转运动semi-geostrophic motion半地转运动ageostrophic motion非地转运动irrotational motion无旋运动nondivergent motion无辐散运动baroclinic atmosphere斜压大气barotropic atmosphere正压大气baroclinic mode斜压模态barotropic mode正压模态normal mode正规模态Ekman layer埃克曼层Ekman spiral埃克曼螺线atmospheric circulation大气环流meridional circulation经向环流zonal circulation纬向环流Hadley cell哈得来环流Walker cell沃克环流direct circulation直接环流indirect circulation间接环流[圈]trade-wind circulation信风环流circulation cell环流圈local circulation局地环流three-cell [meridional] circulation三圈经向环流circulation index环流指数high index高指数low index低指数index cycle指数循环circulation theorem环流定理Kelvin's theorem of circulation开尔文环流定理Bjerknes circulation theorem皮叶克尼斯环流定理cross-equatorial flow越赤道气流adjustment of circulation环流调整mesospheric circulation中间层环流large-scale circulation大尺度环流atmospheric center of action大气活动中心stratospheric sudden warming平流层爆发[性]增温atmospheric turbulence大气湍流eddy涡旋flux通量turbulent flux湍流通量isotropic turbulence各向同性湍流mixing length混合长K theory of turbulence湍流[WTHZ]K[WT][HT5H]理论Prandtl mixing-length theory普朗特混合长理论turbulent boundary layer湍流边界层laminar boundary layer层流边界层turbulence spectrum湍流谱turbulence energy湍流能量turbulent exchange湍流交换turbulent diffusion湍流扩散Eliassen-Palm flux EP通量lateral mixing侧向混合chaos混沌numerical weather prediction, NWP数值天气预报模式输出统计预报model output statistic prediction, MOS predictioequivalent barotropic model相当正压模式quasi-geostrophic model准地转模式filtered model过滤模式adiabatic model绝热模式primitive equation model原始方程模式mesoscale model中尺度模式scaling尺度分析synoptic scale天气尺度planetary scale行星尺度meso scale中尺度meso-α scaleα中尺度meso-β scaleβ中尺度meso-γ scaleγ中尺度spectral model谱模式movable fine-mesh model可移动细网格模式semi-implicit scheme半隐式格式conservation scheme守恒格式finite difference model差分模式upstream scheme迎风差格式computational instability线性计算不稳定perturbation method小扰动法energy cascade能量串级objective analysis客观分析physical mode物理模[态]computational mode计算模[态]model resolution模式分辨率skill score技巧分subgrid scale parameterization次网格尺度参数化normal mode initialization正规模[态]初值化dynamic initialization动力初值化static initialization静力初值化four-dimensional data assimilation四维资料同化rigid boundary condition刚体边界条件spongy boundary condition海绵边界条件first guess初估值time smoothing时间平滑space smoothing空间平滑automatic data processing自动资料处理structure function结构函数split-explicit scheme分离显式格式bogus data人造[站]资料hydrostatic check静力检查difference scheme差分格式staggered grid交错网格stagger scheme交错格式nested grid套网格pseudospectral method假谱方法successive correction analysis逐步订正法optimum interpolation method最优插值法statistical interpolation method统计插值法man-machine weather forecast人机结合天气预报limited area model, LAM有限区模式limited area fine-mesh model, LFM有限区细网格模式statistical-dynamic prediction统计动力预报diagnostic analysis诊断分析numerical simulation数值模拟numerical experiment数值实验general circulation model, GCM大气环流模式barotropic model正压模式baroclinic model斜压模式primitive equation原始方程governing equation控制方程06. 天气学synoptic meteorology天气学weather天气synoptic chart天气图meteorological code气象电码weather symbol天气符号barb风速羽wind shaft风矢杆wind arrow风矢present weather现在天气past weather过去天气upper air chart高空[天气]图surface chart地面[天气]图vertical cross section垂直剖面图facsimile weather chart传真天气图isobaric surface等压面standard isobaric surface, mandatory level标准等压面contour chart等压面图rainfall chart雨量图streamline chart流线图time cross-section时间剖面图scatter diagram点聚图isoline等值线isotherm等温线isodrosotherm等露点线isallotherm等变温线isobar等压线topographic isobar地形等压线isallobar等变压线hodograph高空风分析图contour line等高线isallohypse等变高线isopleth of thickness等厚度线isotach等风速线isogon等风向线isanomaly等距平线isohume等湿度线moisture profile湿度廓线isohyet等雨量线shear line切变线squall line飑线convergence line辐合线pressure tendency气压倾向anallobar正变压线katallobar负变压线pressure variation气压变量pressure field气压场wind field风场allobaric field变压场anallobaric center正变压中心katallobaric center负变压中心humidity field湿度场wet tongue湿舌dry tongue干舌dry line干线temperature field温度场cold tongue冷舌warm tongue暖舌pressure system气压系统。
大气科学名词
大气科学名词1、均质层（Homosphere）：地面到85 km之间大气成分保持定常的大气层。
2、非均质层（Heterosphere）：均质层顶110 km以上，空气成分随高度而变化的大气层。
3、均质层顶（Homopause）：均质层与非均质层之间的过渡层，距地面高度85~110 km。
4、大气边界层（Atmoshperic Boundary Layer）：又称“行星边界层（Planetary Boundary Layer）”、“摩擦层（Friction Layer）”。
大气圈的最底层，其上界离地面约600~800 m。
5、均质大气（Homogeneous Atmosphere）：假设密度不随高度变化的一种模式大气。
6、湿球温度（Wet-Bulb Temperature）：暴露于空气中而不受太阳直接照射的湿球温度表上所读取的数值。
7、干球温度（Dry-Bulb Temperature）：暴露于空气中而不受太阳直接照射的干球温度表上所读取的数值。
8、外场观测（Field Observation）：为完成某一试验计划在野外进行的现场专门观测。
9、定点观测（Fixed Point Observation）：在固定地点进行的气象观测。
10、地基观测（Ground-Based Observation）：在地表观测平台上进行的气象观测。
11、观测场（Observation Site）：安装气象仪器进行气象观测的场地。
12、观测误差（Observational Error）：又称“测量误差”。
观测值与真值之间的差。
13、地面资料（Surface Data）：地面气象观测获取的并经过整理的数据。
14、直接辐射表（Pyrheliometer）：测量给定平面上法向直射辐照度的辐射表。
15、总辐射表（Pyranometer）：测量从2π立体角落在水平面上的总辐射（太阳直接辐射与散射辐射之和）的仪器。
16、天空辐射表（Sky Radiometer Diffusometer）：测量天空散射辐射的仪器。
TW 44大气科学名词
环天顶弧 卷积云 卷层云 毛卷层云 薄幕卷层云 卷云 密卷云 毛卷云 伪卷云 钩卷云 晴空湍流 晴 气候 气候变化 气候分类 气候模式 气候震荡 气候资源 气候应力荷载 气候适应 气候分析 气候异常 气候带 气候资料 气候恶化 气候要素 气候振动 气候图 气候监测 气候概率 气候区 气候演变 气候敏感性 气候趋势 气候型 气候变迁 气候带 气候观测 气候标准平均值（简称气候平均值） 气候学 云 云量 云分类 云凝结核 云滴 云滴谱 云状 云高 云的人工影响 云物理学 播云 播云剂（人工催化剂） 云结构 云顶温度 云滴采样器
circumzenithal arc cirrocumulus cirrostratus cirrostratus filosus cirrostratus nebulosus cirrus cirrus densus cirrus filosus cirrus nothus cirrus uncinus clear air turbulence ,CAT clear sky climate climate change Climate classification climate model climate oscillation climate resources climate stress load climatic adaptation, acclimatization climatic analysis climatic anomaly climatic belt climatic data climatic deterioration climatic element climatic fluctuation climatic map climatic monitoring climatic probability climatic region climatic revolution climatic sensitivity climatic trend climatic type climatic variability climatic zone climatological observation climatological standard normals climatology cloud cloud amount cloud classification Cloud condensation nuclear , CN cloud droplet cloud droplet-size distribution cloud form cloud height cloud modification cloud physics cloud seeding cloud seeding agent cloud structure cloud top temperature cloud-particle sampler
地理学英语单词表
地理专业名词中英文对照1、大气ATMOSPHERE大气组成Atmospheric composition空气质量Air quality大气化学Atmospheric chemistry大气成分Atmospheric components大气颗粒物Atmospheric particulates二氧化碳Carbon dioxide温室气体Greenhouse gases氧气Oxygen臭氧层Ozone layer大气过程Atmospheric processes空气,水相互作用Air-water interaction大气环流Atmospheric circulation大气降水Atmospheric precipitation碳循环Carbon cycle蒸发作用Evaporation降水增加Precipitation enhancement降雨Rainfall太阳辐射Solar radiation蒸腾作用Transpiration风Winds空气污染Air pollution酸雨Acid rain空气污染物Air pollutants氯氟碳Chlorofluorocarbons沉降的颗粒物Deposited particulate matter飞灰Fly ash雾Fog薄烟Haze空内空气污染Indoor air pollution 烟雾Smog气候问题Climatic issues农业气象学Agrometeorology气候Climate气候变化Climatic change气候带Climatic zones干旱Drought全球变暖Global warming温室效应Greenhouse effect湿度Humidity微气候影响Microclimate effects海平面上升Sea level rise人工影响天气Weather modification2、岩石圈LITHOSPHERE固态地球Solid Earth洞穴Caves地震活动Seismic activity地震监测Seismic monitoring火山Volcanoes风蚀Wind erosion3、陆地生态系统TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS土壤Soils农用土地Agricultural land碱地Alkali lands污染的土地Contaminated land污染的土壤Contaminated soil沙坑Gravel pits荒地Heath lands土地承载能力Land carrying capacity土地污染Land pollution土地开垦Land reclamation土地恢复Land restoration土地使用分类Land use classification边缘土地Marginal lands沙石开采Sand extraction沉积Sedimentation土壤潜力Soil capabilities土壤保持Soil conservation土壤污染Soil contamination土壤退化Soil degradation土壤侵蚀Soil erosion土壤改良Soil improvement土壤盐碱化Soil salination水蚀Water erosion干旱地区生态系统Arid land ecosystems干旱土地Arid lands沙漠化Desertification抗旱Drought control旱作Dry farming沙丘固定Sand dune fixation沙丘Sand dunes半干旱地区生态系统Semi-arid land ecosystems 森林生态系统Forest ecosystems植树造林Afforestation针叶林Coniferous forests森林砍伐Deforestation森林保护Forest conservation森林火灾Forest fires草地火灾Grass fires绿化带Greenbelts本地森林Indigenous forests再造林Reforestation植被恢复Revegetation亚热带生态系统Sub-tropical ecosystems温带森林Temperate forests温带林地Temperate woodlands树木Trees热带生态系统Tropical ecosystems热带森林Tropical forests热带森林生态系统Tropical forest ecosystems林地生态系统Woodland ecosystems温带生态系统和寒带生态系统Temperate ecosystems and cold zone ecosystems 南极生态系统Antarctic ecosystems南极地区Antarctic region北极生态系统Arctic ecosystems北极地区Arctic region寒带生态系统Cold zone ecosystems草地生态系统Grassland ecosystems永久冻土生态系统Permafrost ecosystems极地生态系统Polar ecosystems温带生态系统Temperate ecosystems山地生态系统Mountain ecosystems高原生态系统Highland ecosystems登山运动Mountaineering湿地生态系统Wetlands ecosystems红树沼泽Mangrove swamps水禽Waterfowl水涝地Waterlogged lands流域管理Watershed management水边开发Waterside development生物多样性和保护区Biological diversity and protected areas适应性强的物种Adaptable species藻类Algae两栖动物Amphibians动物习性Animal behaviour动物资源Animal resources节肢动物Arthropods生物多样性Biological diversity生物资源Biological resources生物圈保护区Biosphere reserves群落生境Biotopes鸟类Birds植物园Botanical gardens基因资源保护Conservation of genetic resources 生态平衡Ecological balance濒危动物物种Endangered animal species濒危植物物种Endangered plant species河口保护区Estuarine conservation areas动物区系Fauna植物区系Flora食物链Food chain捕猎Hunting无脊椎动物Invertebrates陆地哺乳动物Land mammals哺乳动物Mammals海洋保护区Marine conservation areas微生物Microorganisms移栖种Migratory species国家公园National parks国家保护区National reserves寄生生物Parasites偷猎Poaching灵长目Primates保护区Protected areas受保护的物种Protected species爬行动物Reptiles陆地生物资源Terrestrial biological resources植被Vegetation杂草Weeds野生生物Wildlife野生生物保护Wildlife conservation野生生物生境Wildlife habitats动物园Zoological gardens细菌Bacteria酶Enzymes真菌Fungi基因库Gene banks种质Germ plasm微生物资源Microbial resources原生生物Protozoa病毒Viruses酵母Yeasts生物技术问题Biotechnological issues农业生物技术Agricultural biotechnologies生物伦理学Bioethics生物安全Biosafety生物技术Biotechnologies无性繁殖Cloning与健康有关的生物技术Health-related biotechnologies诱变剂Mutagens突变微生物释放Mutated microorganisms release突变体Mutants繁殖控制Reproductive manipulationDNA重组技术Recombinant DNA technology动物的选择性繁殖Selective breeding of animals植物的选择性繁殖Selective breeding of plants生物技术的社会,经济影响Socio-economic impact of biotechnologies 致畸剂Teratogens4、淡水FRESHWATER淡水资源Freshwater resources淡水保护Conservation of freshwater水坝Dams冰Ice湖泊Lakes自然排水系统Natural drainage systems河流流域开发River basin development河流Rivers雪Snow地下水Subterranean water地表水Surface waters水资源保护Water resources conservation水资源开发Water resources development淡水生态系统Freshwater ecosystems集水区Catchment areas国际河流流域International river basins湖泊流域Lake basins池塘尾渣Ponds tailings河流流域River basins淡水恶化Freshwater degradation河流污染River pollution径流Run-off沉积物移动Sediment mobilization沉积物运移Sediment transport沉积盆地Sedimentary basins渗漏Seepage凤眼蓝Water hyacinth水葫芦;凤眼兰;凤眼莲;凤眼蓝;风信花水污染Water pollution水的盐化Water salination饮用水供应Drinking water supply脱盐Desalination饮用水Drinking water饮用水处理Drinking water treatment城市配水系统Municipal water distribution systems 农村供水Rural water supply污水处理厂Sewage treatment plants水泵Water pumps水处理Water treatment水井Water wells5、海洋环境MARINE ENVIRONMENTS海洋生态系统Marine ecosystems藻花Algal bloom海底生态系统Benthic ecosystems海洋污染Marine pollution污染沉积物Marine sediments海洋环境Ocean circulation洋流Ocean currents海洋Oceans海洋温度Ocean temperature赤潮Red tide海平面Sea level潮,潮汐Tides沿海生态系统Coastal ecosystems群岛Archipelagoes沿海地区Coastal areas沿海开发Coastal development沿海环境Coastal environments海岸侵蚀Coastal erosion疏浚Dredging河口生态系统Estuarine ecosystems岛屿生态系统Island ecosystems小岛屿Small islands海洋生物资源Living marine resources水生哺乳动物Aquatic mammals水生微生物Aquatic microorganisms水生植物Aquatic plants珊瑚礁Coral reefs甲壳纲动物Crustaceans鱼类Fish海洋资源保护Marine resources conservation软体动物Molluscs水生贝壳类动物Shellfish6、环境管理ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT资源管理Resources management深海矿藏Deep sea deposits森林管理Forest management森林政策Forest policy资源的地埋分布Geographic distribution of resources土地价值Land values矿产资源Mineral resources国家保护计划National conservation programs自然资源Natural resources自然保护Nature conservation不可再生资源Non-renewable resources资源净损耗Net resource depletion矿床Ore deposits石油资源保护Petroleum resources conservation可再生资源Renewable resources资源估价Resource appraisal资源保护Resource conservation海底开发Sea bed exploitation海底采矿Sea bed mining本地资源的利用Utilization of local resources环境规划Environmental planning发展合作Development cooperation发展计划Development planning生态发展Ecodevelopment经济发展Economic development经济计划Economic planning环境核算Environmental accounting环境审计Environmental auditing环境健康影响评价Environmental health impact assessment 环境影响Environmental impact环境影响评价Environmental impact assessment环境影响状报告书Environmental impact statement环境指标Environmental indicators环境政策Environmental policy环境风险评估Environmental risk assessment财政资助Financial assistance土地利用规划Land use planning环境管理指标Environmental management indicators环境质量指标Environmental quality indicators试验项目Pilot projects政策规划Policy planning施压集团Pressure groups区域规划Regional planning自助计划Self-help programmes工农业选址Siting of industry社会调查Social surveys发展状况Status of development可持续发展Sustainable development可持续发展指标Sustainable development indicators技术评价Technology assessment运输计划Transport planning环境经济问题Environmental economic issues环境定价Environmental valuation环境成本Environmental costs外部Externalities重置成本Replacement costs贸易对环境的影响Trade impact on environment已定价值的生态系统组成部分valued ecosystem components 经济管理手段Economic management instruments成本-效益分析Cost-benefit analysis发展中国家债务Developing countries debt环境股票交易Environmental stock exchange政府环境开支Government environmental expenditures绿色财政手段Green fiscal instruments环境成本内在化Internalisation of environmental costs以绿色标志促销Marketing with green labelling资源的定价政策Pricing policies of resources结构调整计划Structural adjustment programs税收差别Tax differentiation可交易的许可证Tradeable permits7、人类住区HUMAN SETTLEMENTS人类住区管理Human settlements management建成区Built-up areas经济规划Economic zoning用火安全要求Fire safety requirements历史遗址Historical sites住房改善Housing improvements住房需求Housing needs住房规划Housing programmes住房质量标准Housing quality standards工业区Industrial areas非高峰时间工作Off-peak working办公室Offices城区发展模式Patterns of urban growth规划的城区发展Planned urban development 再建房屋Rehousing租赁房屋Rental housing居民区Residential areas建筑安全标准Safety standards for buildings 商店Shops建筑业标准Standards for building industry 城区设计Urban design建成结构Built structures桥梁Bridges建筑材料Building materials建筑物Buildings建筑技术Building technology施工技术Construction technology建筑工程Construction works农业建筑Farm buildings政府建筑Government buildings高层建筑High-rise buildings工业建筑Industrial buildings本地建筑材料Local materials for building拖车住房Mobile homes核研究中心Nuclear research centres装配式房屋Prefabricated buildings结构Structures隔热Thermal insulation基础设施Infrastructure通道Access roads水上娱乐活动Aquatic recreational amenities 汽车停放Automobile parking建成的排水系统Built drainage systems电力分配Electric power distribution公共花园Public gardens公路Highways空地Open spaces管道Pipelines运动场Playgrounds公园Public parks公用事业Public utilities道路建设Road construction道路养护Road maintenance体育设施Sports facilities电信Telecommunications运输系统Transport systems隧道Tunnels城市供水Urban water supply公共服务Public services人类住区的社会,经济方面Socio-economic aspects of human settlements 生育控制Birth control社区服务Community services社区参与Community participation通勤Commuting消费方式Consumption patterns文化指标Cultural indicators发展模式Development patterns残疾人Disabled persons毒品滥用Drug abuse生态旅游Ecotourism计划生育Family planning性别问题Gender issues无家可归Homelessness住房集资Housing finance人类迁居Human migration人口Human population人权Human rights土地分配Land allotment生活方式Lifestyles低价住房Low-cost housing流动工人Migrant workers少数民族Minorities社区改善计划Neighbourhood improvement schemes新社区New communities流浪者Nomads非高峰时间通勤Off-peak commuting公共卫生Public health种族关系Race relations娱乐Recreation农村地区Rural areas环境卫生Sanitation社会指数Social indicators社会-经济因素Socio-economic factors旅游Tourism旅行Travel贫困阶层Under-privileged people 城市地区Urban areas城区改造Urban renewal城区压力Urban stress妇女地位Women status8、人类住区的环境方面Environmental aspects of human settlements空调Air conditioning尸体处置Disposal of the dead区城供热District heating住房密度Housing density过度拥挤Overcrowding难民Refugees旅游设施Tourist facilities城市衰败Urban decay9、农业AGRICULTURE农业方式Agricultural practices农业设备Agricultural equipment农业管理Agricultural management农业方法Agricultural methods农业害虫Agricultural pests农业生产Agricultural production农业储藏Agricultural storage动物疾病Animal diseases动物营养Animal nutrition养蜂业Apiculture水产养殖Aquaculture害虫的生物控制Biological control of pests 生物固氮Biological nitrogen fixation堆肥Composts等高耕作Contour farming受控燃烧Controlled burning作物保护Crop protection挽畜Draught animals鱼类养殖Fish culture渔业管理Fisheries management谷物Grains作物虫害传染Infestation of crops粮食虫害传染Infestation of food灌溉Irrigation灌溉渠Irrigation canals灌溉农业Irrigation farming天然肥料Natural fertilizers有机农业Organic farming病虫害控制Pest management杀虫剂标准控制Pesticide control standards 植物病害Plant diseases家禽饲养Poultry farming林农轮作Shifting cultivation树木苗圃Tree nurseries滴灌Trickle irrigation农工业Agro-industry畜产品Animal products饮料工业Beverage industry酿造业Brewing industry蒸馏业Distilling industry食品辐照Food irradiation食品保存Food preservation食品贮藏Food storage食品运输Food transport林产品Forest products烟草Tobacco农用化学品Agrochemicals化学肥料Chemical fertilizers杀真菌剂Fungicides除草剂Herbicides杀虫剂的代谢Metabolism of pesticides硝酸盐Nitrates亚硝酸盐Nitrites亚硝胺Nitrosamines营养物Nutrients有机磷化物Organophosphorus compounds 杀虫剂的持久性Persistence of pesticides杀虫剂路径Pesticide pathways杀虫剂Pesticides磷酸盐Phosphates杀虫剂的毒性Toxicity of pesticides杀虫剂的使用Utilization of pesticides10、工业INDUSTRY工业生产过程Industrial processes制铝工业Aluminium industry适用技术Appropriate technology高炉Blast furnaces纤维素Cellulose化学工业Chemical industry清洁技术Clean technologies服装工业Clothing industry乳品业Dairy industry脱盐工厂Desalination plants干洗Dry cleaning炼铁工业Iron industry纤维素Cellulose化学工业Chemical industry清洁技术Clean technologies服装工业Clothing industry乳品业Dairy industry脱盐工厂Desalination plants干洗Dry cleaning炼铁工业Iron industry洗烫衣服Laundering皮革工业Leather industry金属加工Metal finishing金属电镀Metal plating金属冶炼Metal smelting矿产业Mineral industry采矿Mining天然气开采Natural gas extraction原油开采Oil extraction石油提炼Petroleum refining印刷工业Printing industry纸浆工业Pulp industry采石Quarrying橡胶加工Rubber processing炼钢工业Steel industry露天剥采Strip mining焦油生产Tar production焦油使用Tar use木材保存Wood preservation工业产品Industrial products消费品Consumer goods危险品Dangerous goods工业材料Industrial materials天然纤维Natural fibres包装Packaging涂料Paints产品标签Product labelling可再用容器Reusable containers合成洗涤剂Synthetic detergents合成纺织纤维Synthetic textile fibres漆Varnishes木产品Wood products11、运输TRANSPORTATION空运Air transportation空中交通规则Air traffic regulations飞机Aircraft飞机发动机排放物Aircraft engine emissions飞机噪音Aircraft noise机场Airports航天运输Space transportation陆上运输Land transportation自行车Bicycles内燃机Combustion engines铁路运输Railway transport道路安全Road safety道路交通工程Road traffic engineering 道路运输Road transport道路Roads城市交通Urban traffic车辆检验Vehicle inspection水上运输Water transportation渔轮Fishing vessels内河运输Inland water transport内陆水道Inland waterways国际水道International watercourses 海运Maritime transport航运的危害Navigational hazards油轮Oil tankers港口Ports潜水艇Submarines12、能ENERGY能源Energy sources动物粪便作燃料Animal dung as fuel 沼气Biogas生物量Biomass生物质能Biomass energy木炭Charcoal煤Coal原油Crude oil能源资源Energy resources浓缩铀Enriched uranium矿物燃料Fossil fuels燃料酒精Fuel alcohol薪柴Fuel wood地热能Geothermal energy碳氢化合物Hydrocarbon compounds 烃Hydrocarbons水电Hydroelectric power液化气Liquefied gas甲烷Methane天然气Natural gas可再生能源Renewable energy sources不可再生能源Non-renewable energy resources 无污染能源Non-polluting energy sources核能Nuclear energy核燃料Nuclear fuels油类Oils油页岩Oil shales泥炭、泥煤Peat汽油Petrols从废料中提取的燃料Refuse derived fuels太阳能Solar energy焦油砂Tar sands海洋热能Thermal sea power潮汐能Tidal energy铀Uranium波浪能Wave energy风能Wind energy能源过程Energy processes煤气化Coal gasification煤液化Coal liquefaction电力Electric power发电厂Electric power plants蓄电装置Electrical storage devices能源保护Energy conservation能源转换Energy conversion能源效率Energy efficiency能源政策Energy policy能源生产Energy production能源利用Energy use能源利用方式Energy utilization patterns气体液化Gas liquefaction照明Lighting天然气勘探Natural gas exploration核能利用Nuclear energy uses核电站Nuclear power plants近海石油钻探Offshore oil drilling石油勘探Oil exploration日照加热Solar heating13、环境化学ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 无机物质Inorganic substances酸Acids氧化铝Alumina氯Chlorine盐酸Hydrochloric acid硫化氢Hydrogen sulphide硫酸盐Sulphates硫酸Sulphuric acid光化学试剂Photochemical agents光化学效应Photochemical effects有机物质Organic substances有机硅化合物Organosilicon compounds酚Phenols外激素，信息素Pheromones植物油Vegetable oils生物化学过程Biochemical processes 酸化Acidification 需氧过程Aerobic processes厌氧过程Anaerobic processes生物降解Biodegradation脱氮作用Denitrification富营氧化Eutrophication杀虫剂的相互作用Interaction of pesticides电离辐射Ionizing radiation代谢(作用)，新陈代谢(作用) Metabolism固氮Nitrogen fixation非电离辐射Non-ionizing radiation光合作用Photosynthesis物理,化学过程Physico-chemical processes放射性Radioactivity毒性Toxicity污染POLLUTION污染物Pollutants气溶胶，气雾剂Aerosols农业废物Agricultural wastes石棉Asbestos商业噪音Commercial noise混合污染Composite pollution作物废物Crop waste二恶英Dioxins农家场院废物Farmyard waste火、火灾Fire危险物质Hazardous substances危险废物Hazardous wastes重金属Heavy metals医院废物Hospital wastes工业废水Industrial effluents工业排放物Industrial emissions工业烟尘Industrial fumes工业噪声Industrial noise无机污染物Inorganic pollutants铅污染Lead contamination液体废物Liquid wastes丢弃物，废气物Litter汞污染Mercury contamination微污染物Micropollutants采矿废物Mining wastes机动车辆排放物Motor vehicle emissions城市废物Municipal waste氮氧化物Nitrogen oxides噪声污染Noise pollution恶臭公害Odour nuisance有机物污染Organic pollutants难降解有机污染物Persistent organic pollutants 有机溶剂Organic solvents有机卤化物Organohalogen compounds医药废物Pharmaceutical wastes塑料废物Plastic wastes多氯联苯Polychlorinated biphenyls聚合物废物Polymer wastes放射性物质Radioactive substances氡Radon橡胶废物Rubber waste锯屑Sawdust污水Sewage屠宰场废物Slaughterhouse waste固体废物Solid wastes热污染Thermal pollution有毒物质Toxic substances有毒废物Toxic waste毒素Toxins痕量元素Trace elements痕量物质Trace materials交通噪音Traffic noise废物，垃圾Trash废热Waste heat木材废料Wood waste对流层臭氧Tropospheric ozone污染源Pollution sources生物武器Biological weapons水泥工业Cement industry化学武器Chemical weapons烟囱Chimneys冷却水Cooling waters机动车辆Motor vehicles摩托车Motorcycles核武器Nuclear weapons海洋倾倒Ocean dumping石油泄漏Oil spills废金属Scrap metals挖掘堆积Excavation heaps污染治理Pollution abatement隔音Acoustic insulation化学污染清除Chemical decontamination燃料脱硫Desulphurization of fuels过滤器Filters噪音治理Noise abatement污染治理设备Pollution abatement equipment 污染控制技术Pollution control technology辐射防护Radiation protection洗涤器Scrubbers分离器Separators防烟Smoke prevention废物最少化Waste minimization废物Wastes电池处理Battery disposal废物的化学处理Chemical treatment of waste处置场所Disposal sites废物焚烧Incineration of waste矿山回填Mine filling残油回收Oil residue recuperation放射性废物管理Radioactive waste management 回收的材料Recycled materials回收Recycling材料再利用Reuse of materials卫生填埋Sanitary landfills海洋排泄口Sea outfall化粪池Septic tanks污水处置Sewage disposal污水处理系统Sewage treatment systems固体废物处置Solid waste disposal废物同化处置Waste assimilation capacities废物转化技术Waste conversion techniques废物处置Waste disposal废物土地处置Waste disposal in the ground废物处置税Waste disposal taxes废物回收Waste recovery废物利用Waste use水的再利用Water reuse14、人体健康HUMAN HEALTH污染物的危害Hazards of pollutants在人体组织中的积累Accumulation in body tissues镉污染Cadmium contamination环境健康危害Environmental health hazards人体接触污染物Human exposure to pollutants污染物的长期效应Long-term effects of pollutants核安全Nuclear safety污染物的影响Pollutant effects污染风险Pollution risk辐射效应Radiation effects药物的副作用Side effects of pharmaceutical drugs有毒物质的协同效应Synergistic effects of toxic substances 与环境有关的疾病Environmentally related diseases致癌物Carcinogens南美锥虫病Chagas'' disease人类的疾病Human diseases免疫疾病Immunological diseases婴儿死亡率Infant mortality疟疾Malaria盘尾丝虫病Onchocerciasis病原生物体Pathogenic organisms辐射病Radiation sickness血吸虫病Schistosomiasis人类疾病传染媒介Vectors of human diseases工作环境Working environment人机工程学Ergonomics职业健康Occupational health职业安全Occupational safety振动Vibration营养与保健Nutrition and health care过敏素Allergens基本食物要求Basic food requirements食品Food食品添加剂Food additives食用色素Food colourants食品污染Food contamination保健Health care卫生设施Health facilities高蛋白食品High protein foods医院Hospitals营养不良Malnutrition医疗Medical treatment药用植物Medicinal plants营养Nutrition食品的营养价值Nutritive value of food毒物Poisons吸烟Smoking主食Staple foods传统保健Traditional health care15、灾难DISASTERS灾难现象Catastrophic phenomena生物体的意外释放Accidental release of organisms 雪崩Avalanches旋风Cyclones沙漠蝗虫Desert locusts地震Earthquakes环境事故Environmental accidents流行病Epidemics洪水Floods飓风Hurricanes山崩Landslides人为灾难Human-made disasters核事故Nuclear accidents放射性污染Radioactive contamination释放Release地震海浪Seismic sea waves泄漏Spillage暴风雨Storms台风Typhoons应急减灾措施Emergency relief measures灾难清理作业Disaster clean-up operations防灾准备Disaster preparedness防灾Disaster prevention灾难救援Disaster relief流离失所人员Displaced persons紧急救援Emergency relief应急避难所Emergency shelter环境应急计划Environmental contingency planning 防洪Flood control放射性污染清除Radioactive decontamination临时住房Temporary housing临时避难所Temporary shelter生境破坏Habitat destruction陆地活动Land-based activities自然改变Physical alterations16、监测MONITORING环境监测Environmental monitoring生物指标Biological indicators生态标志Ecolabelling污染物鉴别Identification of pollutants噪声监制Noise monitoring污染物分析Pollutant analysis污染物分布Pollutant distribution污染物浓度Pollutant levels污染物监测Pollutant monitoring污染物路径Pollutant pathways污染物来源鉴别Pollutant source identification 污染监测Pollution monitoring辐射监测Radiation monitoring交通监测Traffic monitoring监测数据Monitoring data空气质量管理Air quality management大气监测Atmospheric monitoring本底监测Baseline monitoring环境标准Environmental criteria环境评价Environmental assessment部门评价Sectoral assessment环境统计Environmental statistics森林资源评估Forest resource assessment洪水监测Freshwater monitoring工业生产统计Industrial production statistics长期预报Long-term forecasting长期趋势Long-term trends海洋监测Marine monitoring监测基准Monitoring criteria污染基准Pollution criteria污染标准Pollution norms质量控制Quality control水盾Water quality天气监测Weather monitoring天气预报Weather prediction野生生物种群统计Wildlife population statistics 监测技术Monitoring techniques分析设备Analytical equipment大气模型Atmospheric models自动检测Automatic detection测量仪器的标定Calibration of measuring equipment 色谱分析Chromatographic analysis气象色谱法Gas chromatography模型制作，模型设计Modelling监测仪器Monitoring equipment放射性示踪技术Radioactive tracer techniques采样技术Sampling techniques模拟Simulation河道观测Stream measurement毒理测定Toxicological testing报警系统Warning systems监测系统Monitoring systems17、环境法ENVIRONMENTAL LAW国内立法National legislation农业立法Agricultural legislation污染防治激励措施Antipollution incentives环境犯罪Environmental crimes环境激励措施Environmental incentives环境责任Environmental liability环境过失Environmental misconduct环境质量标准Environmental quality standards环境补贴Environmental subsidies林业立法Forestry legislation健康立法Health legislation住房立法Housing legislation工业立法Industrial legislation对破坏环境的惩罚Penalties for environmental damage 污染者付费原则Polluter-pays principle污染控制法规Pollution control regulations污染责任Pollution liabilities公众对土地的获取Public access to land法规控制Regulatory control国际环境关系International environmental relations入海通道Access to the sea双边协定Bilateral conventions环境安全Environmental security环境破坏行为Environmental vandalism环境冲突Environmental warfare危险废物的出口Export of hazardous wastes全球性公约Global conventions国际标准化International standardization国际贸易International trade国际性重要的失态系统Internationally important ecosystems海洋事故的责任Liability for marine accidents核破坏的责任Liability for nuclear damages军事活动Military activity事先知情同意Prior informed consent危险废物运输的事先通告Prior notification for hazardous waste transport 区域性公约Regional conventions技术转让Technology transfer贸易避垒Trade barriers越境污染Trans-frontier pollution危险物质的运输Transport of hazardous materials18、环境信息ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION信息基础设施Information infrastructure图书馆Library信息中心Information centre数据中心Data centre培训中心Training centre因特网服务提供商Internet service provider信息网络Information networks环境术语Environmental terminology电子信息网络Electronic information network广域网Wide area network因特网Internet万维网World Wide Web主页Homepage超文本Hypertext公告牌系统Bulletin board system新闻组Newsgroup邮寄清单Mailing list电子函件Electronic mail信息技术Information technology多媒体技术Multimedia technology遥感中心Remote sensing centre地理信息系统实验室GIS laboratory环境意识Environmental awareness公共信息Public information新闻发布Press release视听演示Audio-visual presentation信息工具包Information kit录象Video展示Exhibit照片Photograph新闻通讯Newsletter广播节目Radio programme电视节目Television programme环境教育Environmental education环境培训Environmental training公共关系Public relations联络渠道Communication channels信息系统Information systems文献目录信息系统Bibliographic information system文献目录信息Bibliographic information技术信息Technical information本地知识Indigenous knowledge信息查询系统Referral information system供查询的信息Referral information统计信息系统Statistical information system统计信息Statistical information术语Terminology同义词Thesaurus分类Classification图书馆服务Library services查阅服务Reference service文件编索引Indexing of document文件出错document lending图书馆之间的借贷Inter-library loan信息的选择性传播Selective dissemination of information 光盘只读存储查询服务CD-ROM search service因特网查询服务Internet search service信息服务Information services在线服务On-line services信息交流中心Information clearing-house数据处理Data processing数据收集Data collection数据记录技术Data recording techniques信息处理Information processing专家系统Expert system决策支持系统Decision-support system软件开发Software development数据库Database相关数据库Relational database信息交换Information exchange与地学有关的信息Geo-referenced information遥感Remote sensing多谱线扫描器Multispectral scanner分辨率Resolution像素Pixel谱带Spectral bands红外线Infrared紫外线Ultraviolet雷达Radar轨迹Path景物确认Scene identification图象处理数字系统Image processing digital systems数字图象处理技术Digital image processing techniques 图象识别Pattern recognition镶嵌图案Mosaics图象滤光Image filtering图象增强Image enhancement几何修正Geometric corrections影像配准Image registration图象分类Image classification受监视的图象分类Supervised image classification未被监视的图象分类Unsupervised image classification 彩色组成Colour composition大气修正Atmospheric corrections地理信息系统Geographic information systems地理信息系统的数字系统GIS digital systems地理信息系统的数字格式GIS digital formats矢量Vector点Point线Lines多边形Polygons光栅Raster属性Attributes地理信息系统的数字技术GIS digital techniques内插Interpolation布网格Gridding光栅到矢量Raster to vector矢量到光栅Vector to raster边界Boundaries国家边界National boundaries次国家边界Sub-national boundaries行政边界Administrative boundaries与地理相关的数据Geo-referenced data地理投影Geographical projections坐标系统Coordinate system纬度Latitude经度Longitude19、联合国United Nations政府间的Intergovernmental政府的Governmental工业的或商业的Industrial or commercial非政府组织Non-governmental organization专业团体Professional society学术的Academic进入术语Terms of access协商费用Charges negotiable按回收成本为基础Cost recovery basis固定的收费时间表Fixed schedule of charges一般情况下免费Normally without charge在交换的基础上On exchange basis20、学科SUBJECT DISCIPLINES科目Subjects 声学Acoustics农业生态学Agricultural ecology 农业经济学Agricultural economics农业工程Agricultural engineering 农业林学Agroforestry分析化学Analytical chemistry 动物生态学Animal ecology动物遗传学Animal genetics 畜牧学Animal husbandry动物生理学Animal physiology 建筑学Architecture大气物理学Atmospheric physics 细菌学Bacteriology生物化学Biochemistry 生物气候学Bioclimatology生物地球化学Biogeochemistry 生物学Biology植物学Botany 心脏病学Cardiology制图学Cartography 化学工程Chemical engineering化学海洋学Chemical oceanography 土木工程Civil engineering气候学Climatology 细胞学Cytology电气工程Electrical engineering 内分泌学Endocrinology流行病学Epidemiology 河口生物学Estuarine biology河口海洋学Estuarine oceanography 食品科学Food science林学Forestry 淡水生物学Freshwater biology遗传工程学Genetic engineering 遗传学Genetics地质学Geology 地貌学Geomorphology地球物理学Geophysics 工艺地质学Geotechnology冰川学Glaciology 血液学Haematology园艺学Horticulture 人体生物学Human biology人体生理学Human physiology 水文地理学Hydrography水文学Hydrology 溶液培养学Hydroponics免疫学Immunology 无机化学Inorganic chemistry湖沼学，淡水生物学Limnology 海洋生物学Marine biology船舶工程Marine engineering 海洋地质学Marine geology材料科学Materials science 机械工程学Mechanical engineering 气象学Meteorology 微生物学Microbiology微气候学Microclimatology 采矿工程Mining engineering。
[整理]专业英语词汇(气象工程).
主题词表English Chinese01. 大气atmospheric science 大气科学meteorology 气象学theoretical meteorology 理论气象学mesometeorology 中尺度气象学micrometeorology 微气象学physical meteorology 物理气象学atmosphere 大气evolution of atmosphere 大气演化atmospheric impurity 大气杂质atmospheric suspended matter 大气悬浮物atmospheric diffusion 大气扩散atmospheric composition 大气成分atmospheric ion 大气离子atmospheric mass 大气质量air quality 大气品位atmospheric density 大气密度atmospheric subdivision 大气分层homosphere 均质层heterosphere 非均质层homopause 均质层顶significant level 特性层standard [pressure] level 标准层isothermal layer 等温层lower atmosphere 低层大气middle atmosphere 中层大气upper atmosphere 高层大气troposphere 对流层tropopause 对流层顶stratosphere 平流层stratopause 平流层顶mesosphere 中间层mesopause 中间层顶thermosphere 热层exosphere 外[逸]层ionosphere 电离层magnetosphere 磁层magnetopause 磁层顶chemosphere 光化层chemopause 光化层顶ozonosphere 臭氧层free atmosphere 自由大气planetary atmosphere 行星大气standard atmosphere(reference atmosphere) 标准大气（参考大气）homogeneous atmosphere 均质大气isothermal atmosphere 等温大气polytropic atmosphere 多元大气scale height 大气标高meteorological element 气象要素air temperature 气温wet-bulb temperature 湿球温度dry-bulb temperature 干球温度temperature profile 温度廓线atmospheric pressure 气压standard atmosphere pressure 标准大气压station pressure 本站气压sea-level pressure 海平面气压pressure gradient 气压梯度barometric height formula 压高公式pressure gradient force 气压梯度力Coriolis force 科里奥利力water vapor 水[蒸]汽transfer of water vapor 水汽输送water vapor profile 水汽廓线water vapor pressure 水汽压humidity 湿度relative humidity 相对湿度absolute humidity 绝对湿度specific humidity 比湿mixing ratio 混合比dew point [temperature] 露点(温度) depression of the dew point （温度）露点差super-saturated air 过饱和空气saturation specific humidity 饱和比湿saturation vapor pressure 饱和水汽压psychrometric formula 测湿公式saturation deficit 饱和差international cloud atlas 国际云图cloud 云low cloud 低云middle cloud 中云high cloud 高云cloud base 云底cloud top 云顶cloud ceiling 云幂cloud amount 云量total cloud cover 总云量cloud with vertical development 直展云cloud height 云高-------------cloud genera 云属cloud etage 云族cloud species 云种cloud variety 云类cloud form 云状cirrus, Ci 卷云cirrus fibratus, Ci fib 毛卷云cirrus spissatus, Ci spi 密卷云cirrus uncinus, Ci unc 钩卷云cirrostratus, Cs 卷层云cirrostratus fibratus, Cs fib 毛卷层云cirrostratus nebulosus, Cs neb 薄幕卷层云cirrocumulus, Cc 卷积云altocumulus, Ac 高积云altocumulus translucidus, Ac tr 透光高积云altocumulus opacus, Ac op 蔽光高积云altocumulus lenticularis, Ac len 荚状高积云altocumulus cumulogenitus, Ac cug 积云性高积云altocumulus floccus 絮状高积云altocumulus castellanus, Ac cas 堡状高积云altostratus, As 高层云altostratus translucidus, As tr 透光高层云altostratus opacus, As op 蔽光高层云cumulus, Cu 积云cumulus humilis, Cu hum 淡积云cumulus mediocris, Cu med 中展积云cumulus fractus, Cu fra 碎积云cumulus congestus, Cu con 浓积云cumulonimbus, Cb 积雨云cumulonimbus calvus, Cb cal 秃积雨云cumulonimbus capillatus, Cb cap 鬃积雨云stratocumulus, Sc 层积云stratocumulus translucidus, Sc tr 透光层积云stratocumulus opacus, Sc op 蔽光层积云stratocumulus cumulogenitus, Sc cug 积云性层积云stratocumulus castellanus, Sc cas 堡状层积云stratocumulus lenticularis, Sc len 荚状层积云stratus, St 层云stratus fractus, St fra 碎层云nimbostratus, Ns 雨层云stratiform cloud 层状云cumuliform cloud 积状云fracto-nimbus,Fn 碎雨云chaotic sky 混乱天空cold cloud 冷云warm cloud 暖云ice cloud 冰云water cloud 水云hail cloud [冰]雹云wind 风wind direction 风向wind speed, wind velocity 风速maximum wind speed 最大风速extreme wind speed 极大风速wind speed profile 风速廓线horizontal wind vector 水平风矢量wind force 风力wind force scale 风级Beaufort [wind] scale 蒲福风级calm 0级风light air 1级风light breeze 2级风gentle breeze 3级风moderate breeze 4级风fresh breeze 5级风strong breeze 6级风near gale 7级风gale 8级风strong gale 9级风storm 10级风violent storm 11级风hurricane 12级风gust 阵风local wind 地方性风surface wind 地面风foehn 焚风mountain-valley breeze 山谷风sea-land breeze 海陆风on-shore wind 向岸风off-shore wind 离岸风gorge wind 峡谷风slope wind 坡风glacier breeze 冰川风drainage wind 流泄风visibility 能见度effective visibility 有效能见度visual range of light 灯光能见距离surface visibility 地面能见度horizontal visibility 水平能见度vertical visibility 垂直能见度slant visibility 倾斜能见度meteor 大气现象-------------weather phenomenon 天气现象clear sky 晴天partly cloudy 少云cloudy 多云overcast 阴天blue of the sky 天空蓝度apparent form of the sky 天穹形状state of ground 地面状态sky condition 天空状况precipitation 降水amount of precipitation 降水量precipitation intensity 降水强度showery precipitation 阵性降水convective precipitation 对流性降水non-convective precipitation 非对流性降水orographic precipitation 地形降水rain 雨rain virga 雨幡rain drop 雨滴rain shadow 雨影glaze 雨凇rain day 雨日rainfall [amount] 雨量continuous precipitation 连续性降水intermittent precipitation 间歇性降水showery rain 阵雨freezing rain 冻雨drizzle 毛毛雨light rain 小雨moderate rain 中雨heavy rain 大雨torrential rain 暴雨local precipitation 地方性降水orographic rain 地形雨storm 风暴sandstorm, duststorm 沙[尘]暴hail storm 雹暴haze 霾haze aloft 高空霾dust 浮尘blowing sand 高吹沙drifting sand 低吹沙dew 露frost 霜frost point 霜点first frost 初霜latest frost 终霜tornado 龙卷dust devil 尘卷风squall 飑snow 雪snow virga 雪幡sleet 雨夹雪showery snow 阵雪snow crystal 雪晶snowflake 雪花snow grains 米雪snowstorm 雪暴driven snow 吹雪drifting snow 低吹雪blowing snow 高吹雪snow cover 积雪snowfall [amount] 雪量snow depth 雪深snow day 雪日icing 积冰wire icing 电线积冰hail 冰雹hailstone 雹块ice pellet 冰丸thunder 雷thunderstorm 雷暴thunder shower 雷阵雨orographic thunderstorm 地形雷暴thunderstorm cell 雷暴单体atmospherics 天电lightning 闪电lightning channel 闪电通道forked lightning 叉状闪电sheet lightning 片状闪电ball lightning 球状闪电streak lightning 条状闪电pearl-necklace lightning 串珠状闪电fog 雾mist 轻雾wet fog 湿雾sea fog 海雾ice fog 冰雾frontal fog 锋面雾advection fog 平流雾radiation fog 辐射雾advection-radiation fog 平流辐射雾-------------mixing fog 混合雾evaporation fog 蒸发雾supercooled fog 过冷却雾ground fog 地面雾upslope fog 上坡雾air-mass fog 气团雾tropical air fog 热带气团雾rime 雾凇graupel 霰percentage of sunshine 日照百分率sunshine duration 日照时数duration of possible sunshine 可照时数02. 大气探测atmospheric sounding and observing 大气探测meteorological observation 气象观测synoptic observation 天气观测synoptic hour 天气观测时间principal synoptic observation 基本天气观测intermediate synoptic observation 辅助天气观测surface observation 地面观测visual observation 目测background pollution observation 本底污染观测field observation 外场观测conventional observation 常规观测non-conventional observation 非常规观测ship observation 船舶观测fixed point observation 定点观测space-based observation 空基观测ground-based observation 地基观测mountain observation 山地观测sounding 探空upper air observation 高空观测auxiliary ship observation, ASO 辅助船舶观测aircraft sounding 飞机探测rocket sounding 火箭探测radio sounding 无线电探空captive balloon sounding 系留气球探测pilot balloon observation 测风气球观测radiowind observation 无线电测风观测standard time of observation 标准观测时间actual time of observation 实际观测时间observational frequency 观测次数observational error 观测误差supplementary observation 补充观测autographic records 自记记录surface data 地面资料upper air data 高空资料barometer level 气压表高度pressure reduction 气压换算barometric correction 气压订正international synoptic code 国际[天气]电码network of meteorological station 气象台站网observation site 观测场meteorological platform 气象观测平台ocean weather station 海洋气象站fixed ship station 固定船舶站mobile ship station 移动船舶站mountain observation station 高山[观]测站automatic meteorological station 自动气象站meteorological instrument 气象仪器screen,instrument shelter 百叶箱thermometer 温度表telethermometer 遥测温度表thermograph 温度计geothermometer 地温表surface geothermometer 地面温度表angle geothermometer 曲管地温表tube-typed geothermometer 直管地温表grass thermometer 草温表maximum thermometer 最高温度表minimum thermometer 最低温度表mercury thermometer 水银温度表Lyman-αhygrometer 莱曼-α湿度表bimetallic thermograph 双金属片温度计barograph 气压计aneroid barograph 空盒气压计mountain barograph 高山气压计barometer 气压表aneroid barometer 空盒气压表ship-barometer 船用气压表mountain barometer 高山气压表pressure altimeter 气压测高表normal barometer 标准气压表national standard barometer 国家标准气压表regional standard barometer 区域标准气压表absolute standard barometer 绝对标准气压表microbarograph 微压计mercury barometer 水银气压表Fortin barometer 福丁气压表Kew pattern barometer 寇乌气压表hygrograph 湿度计hygrometer 湿度表-------------psychrometer 干湿表aspirated psychrometer 通风干湿表standard aspirated psychrometer 标准通风干湿表whirling psychrometer, sling psychrometer 手摇干湿表Assmann psychrometer 阿斯曼干湿表dew-point hygrometer 露点湿度表hair hygrometer 毛发湿度表hair hygrograph 毛发湿度计black and white bulb thermometer 黑白球温度表barothermograph 气压温度计dry-bulb thermometer 干球温度表wet-bulb thermometer 湿球温度表sunshine recorder 日照计Jordan sunshine recorder 乔唐日照计Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder 康培尔-司托克日照计pyrheliometer 直接辐射表pyranometer 总辐射表sky radiometer diffusometer 天空辐射表albedometer 反照率表pyranometer 净辐射表pilot-balloon plotting board 测风绘图板hail-rain separator 雹雨分离器evaporograph 蒸发计evaporation pan 小型蒸发器evaporation tank 大型蒸发器standard pan 标准蒸发器ceiling projector 云幂灯visibility meter,visiometer 能见度表raingauge 雨量器pluviograph,recording raingauge 雨量计accumulative raingauge 累计雨量器tilting bucket raingauge 翻斗[式]雨量计electric conductivity raingauge 水导[式]雨量计siphon rainfall recorder 虹吸[式]雨量计rainfall intensity recorder 雨强计telemetering pluviograph 遥测雨量计wind vane 风向标anemometer 风速表contact anemometer 电接风速表cup anemometer 转杯风速表propeller anemometer 螺旋桨[式]风速表anemorumbometer 风向风速表hot-wire anemometer 热线风速表strong wind anemograph 强风仪navaid wind-finding 导航测风laser ceilometer 激光云幂仪anemograph 风速计radio theodolite 无线电经纬仪aerological theodolite 测风经纬仪radiosonde 无线电探空仪dropsonde 下投式探空仪constant level balloon 定高气球ultrasonic anemometer 超声测风仪ceiling balloon 云幂气球meteorological aircraft 气象飞机snow scale,snow depth scale 量雪尺weighting snow-gauge 称雪器drosometer, dewgauge 测露表frozen soil apparatus 冻土器sonde 探空仪profiler 廓线仪meteorological rocket 气象火箭sounding rocket 探空火箭weather radar 天气雷达meteorological radar 气象雷达lidar 激光雷达sodar, acoustic radar 声[雷]达Doppler radar 多普勒天气雷达incoherent radar 非相干雷达radar network composite 雷达组网radar sounding 雷达探空windfinding radar 测风雷达Doppler sodar 多普勒声达Doppler lidar 多普勒激光雷达MST radar MST雷达UHF Doppler radar 超高频雷达VHF radar 甚高频雷达coherent memory filter,CMF 相干存储滤波器radar rainfall integrator 雷达雨量积分器range velocity display, RVD 距离速度显示velocity azimuth display, V AD 速度方位显示constant altitude plan position indicator, CAPPI 等高平面位置显示器plan postion indicator, PPI 平面位置显示器plan shear indicator, PSI 平面切变显示器velocity azimuth range display, V ARD 速度方位距离显示radarsonde 雷达测风仪atmospheric remote sensing 大气遥感inverse technique 反演法temperature retrieval 温度反演inversion of satellite sounding 卫星探测反演meteorological satellite 气象卫星-------------NIMBUS 雨云卫星NOAA 诺阿卫星polar-orbiting meteorological satellite 极轨气象卫星TIROS 泰罗斯卫星TIROS-N 泰罗斯-N卫星ESSA 艾萨卫星ITOS 艾托斯卫星geostationary meteorological satellite,GMS 地球静止气象卫星meteorological satellite ground station 气象卫星地面站microwave radiometer 微波辐射仪high resolution interferometric sounder 高分辨[率]干涉探测器high resolution infrared radiation sounder, HRIRS 高分辨[率]红外辐射探测器scanning radiometer, SR 扫描辐射仪very high resolution radiometer, VHRR 甚高分辨率辐射仪vertical temperature profile radiometer 温度垂直廓线辐射仪data collection platform, DCP 资料收集平台automatic picture transmission, APT 自动图象传输high resolution picture transmission, HRPT 高分辨[率]图象传输high resolution facsimile, HR-FAX 高分辨率[云图]传真low resolution facsimile, LR-FAX 低分辨率[云图]传真delay picture transmission, DPT 延时图象传输direct read-out ground station 直读式地面站weather facsimile, WEFAX 天气图传真synoptic data 天气资料non-synoptic data 非天气资料real time data 实时资料non-real time data 非实时资料stretched data 时展资料sub-satellite point [卫星]星下点temporal resolution 时间分辨率spatial resolution 空间分辨率full resolution 全分辨率radiation transfer equation 辐射传输方程atmospheric transmission model 大气传输模式03. 大气物理学atmospheric physics 大气物理[学]cloud physics 云物理学precipitation physics 降水物理学cloud dynamics 云动力学middle atmospheric physics 中层大气物理学aeronomy 高空大气学aerology 高空气象学radio meteorology 无线电气象学boundary layer meteorology 边界层气象学boundary layer climate 边界层气候atmospheric boundary layer 大气边界层air-sea interface 海气界面air-sea exchange 海气交换tracer diffusion experiment 示踪扩散实验surface layer 近地层surface roughness 地面粗糙度atmospheric duct 大气波导advection 平流convection 对流free convection 自由对流forced convection 强迫对流convection cell 对流单体Benard cell 贝纳胞Benard convection 贝纳对流convection model 对流模式updraught 上曳气流downdraught 下曳气流transitional flow 过渡气流dry deposition 干沉降wet deposition 湿沉降aerosol 气溶胶aerosol particle size distribution 气溶胶粒子谱aqueous aerosol 湿气溶胶stratospheric aerosol 平流层气溶胶hail generation zone 冰雹生成区conical hail 锥形冰雹hail embryo 雹核hail lobe 雹瓣hail pellet 雹粒cumulonimbus model 积雨云模式condensation process 凝结过程cloud condensation nuclei, CCN 云凝结核artificial nucleation 人工成核作用cloud top temperature 云顶温度ice-water mixed cloud 冰水混合云cloud structure 云结构cloud particle sampler 云滴采样器cloud droplet-size distribution 云滴谱cloud droplet collector 云滴谱仪raindrop size distribution 雨滴谱drop-size distribution parameter 滴谱参数disdrometer, raindrop disdrometer 雨滴谱仪fog-drop 雾滴-------------cloud droplet 云滴supercooled cloud droplet 过冷云滴drop spectrum 滴谱collision 碰撞coagulation 碰并ice crystal 冰晶ice needle 冰针ice nucleus 冰核ice point 冰点condensation 凝结evaporation 蒸发potential evaporation 潜在蒸发solidification 凝固deposition 凝华sublimation 升华freezing 冻结freezing nucleus 冻结核condensation nucleus 凝结核salt nucleus 盐核cloud chamber 云室combustion nucleus 燃烧核deposition nucleus 凝华核weather modification 人工影响天气target area 目标区cloud dissipation 消云salt-seeding 盐粉播撒frost prevention 防霜cloud seeding 播云cloud seeding agent 播云剂artificial precipitation 人工降水hail suppression 防雹fog dissipation 消雾dynamic cloud seeding 动力播云radar meteorology 雷达气象学meteorological radar equation 气象雷达方程radar meteorological observation 雷达气象观测radar reflectivity factor 雷达反射率因子radar equivalent reflectivity factor 雷达等效反射率因子weather echo 天气回波cloud echo 云回波echo wall 回波墙superrefraction echo 超折射回波second trip echo 二次回波incoherent echo 非相干回波coherent echo 相干回波ground echo 地物回波clear air echo 晴空回波convective echo 对流回波whirling echo 涡旋状回波spiral rain-band echo 螺旋雨带回波layered echo 层状回波banded echo 带状回波hook echo 钩状回波weak echo vault 弱回波穹窿precipitation echo 降水回波angel echo 异常回波elevated echo 雨幡回波cell echo 单体回波supercell 超级单体multiple-cell echo 多单体回波echo complex 回波复合体cloud top height, CTH 云顶高度echo depth 回波厚度echo character 回波特征echo analysis 回波分析echo distortion 回波畸变radar reflectivity 雷达反射率superrefraction 超折射negative refraction 负折射tropospheric refraction 对流层折射beam filling coefficient 波束充塞系数range bin 距离库range averaging 距离平均azimuth averaging 方位平均range resolution 距离分辨率azimuth resolution 方位角分辨率number of range samples 距离采样数coherent-video signal 相干视频信号quantized signal 量化信号depolarization ratio 退偏振比rotation band 转动谱带Doppler velocity 多普勒速度range ambiguity 距离模糊maximum unambiguous range 最大不模糊距离velocity ambiguity 速度模糊realtime display 实时显示pattern recognition technique 图形识别技术tracking radar echoes by correlation,TREC 雷达回波相关跟踪法thunderstorm monitoring 雷暴监测gray scale 灰[色标]度cloud attenuation 云衰减-------------precipitation attenuation 降水衰减range attenuation 距离衰减echo synthetic chart 回波综合图iso-echo contour 等回波线normalized echo intensity 归一化回波强度isolated cell 孤立单体weak cell 弱单体satellite meteorology 卫星气象学satellite sounding 卫星探测cloud cluster 云团satellite cloud picture 卫星云图sectorized cloud picture 分区云图picture mosaic 拼图image processing 图象处理distortion correction 畸变校正infrared cloud picture 红外云图visible cloud picture 可见光云图nulti-spectral image, MSI 多波段图象microwave image 微波图象image resolution 图象分辨率digitized cloud map 数字化云图enhanced cloud picture 增强云图false-color cloud picture 假彩色云图pseudo-color cloud picture 伪彩色云图full-disc cloud picture 全景圆盘云图nephanalysis 云[层]分析图brightness temperature 亮度温度cloud coverage 云覆盖区cloud street 云街cloud line 云线spiral cloud band 螺旋云带monsoon cloud cluster 季风云团tropical cloud cluster 热带云团squall cloud 飑线云shield cloud 盾状云open [cloud] cells 开口型细胞状云close [cloud] cells 封闭型细胞状云cellular pattern 细胞状云cloud system 云系comma cloud system 逗点云系banded cloud system 带状云系vortex cloud system 涡旋云系jet stream cloud system 急流云系satellite derived wind 卫星云迹风satellite cloud picture analysis 卫星云图分析limb scanning method 临边扫描法limb retrieval 临边反演occultation method 掩星法backscatter ultraviolet technique 紫外辐射后向散射法linear inversion 线性反演water vapor retrieval 水汽反演humidity retrieval 湿度反演limb brightening 临边增亮limb darkening 临边变暗sun glint 日照亮斑atmospheric radiation 大气辐射solar radiation 太阳辐射solar constant 太阳常数monochromatic radiation 单色辐射outgoing long-wave radiation, OLR 向外长波辐射visible light 可见光radiation balance 辐射平衡global radiation 总辐射direct radiation 直接辐射effective radiation 有效辐射scattered radiation 散射辐射diffuse radiation 漫射辐射sky radiation 天空辐射upward [tatal] radiation 向上[全]辐射downward [total] radiation 向下[全]辐射incoming radiation 入射辐射equivalent clear column radiance 等效晴空辐射率atmospheric transmissivity 大气透射率Van Allen radiation belt 范艾伦辐射带albedo of the earth-atmosphere system 地气系统反照率albedo of underlying surface 下垫面反照率earth radiation belt 地球辐射带nocturnal radiation 夜间辐射atmospheric counter radiation 大气逆辐射radiance 辐射率irradiation 辐照irradiance 辐照度reflected radiation 反射辐射albedo 反照率band model 带模式statistical band model 统计带模式regular band model 规则带模式random Elsasser band model 随机爱尔沙色带模式strong-line approximation 强线近似weak-line approximation 弱线近似planetary temperature 行星温度atmospheric attenuation 大气衰减-------------atmospheric absorption 大气吸收atmospheric window 大气窗[atmospheric] absorptivity [大气]吸收率non-scattering atmosphere 无散射大气extinction coefficient 消光系数atmospheric radioactivity 大气放射性atmospheric optics 大气光学atmospheric optical spectrum 大气光谱atmospheric refraction 大气折射atmospheric optical mass 大气光学质量primary scattering 一次散射Mie scattering 米散射multiple scattering 多次散射Rayleigh scattering 瑞利散射volume scattering function 体散射函数forward scattering 前向散射backscattering 后向散射scattering cross-section 散射截面backscattering cross-section 后向散射截面one-way attenuation 单程衰减two-way attenuation 双程衰减scattering coefficient 散射系数attenuation coefficient 衰减系数attenuation cross-section 衰减截面absorption cross-section 吸收截面atmospheric polarization 大气偏振night-sky light 夜天光sky brightness, sky luminance 天空亮度atmospheric optical thickness, atmospheric optical depth 大气光学厚度[atmospheric] transparency [大气]透明度atmospheric optical phenomena 大气光学现象atmospheric turbidity 大气浑浊度turbidity factor 浑浊因子mirage 蜃景twilight 曙暮光aurora australis 南极光aurora borealis 北极光anthelion 反日parhelion 假日paraselene 假月46°halo 46度晕22°halo 22度晕solar halo 日晕lunar halo 月晕solar corona 日华lunar corona 月华rainbow 虹secondary rainbow 霓halo 晕corona 华twilight colors 霞airglow 气辉aurora 极光glory 宝光[环]atmospheric electricity 大气电学fair weather electric field 晴天电场air discharge 空中放电cloud-to-cloud discharge, intercloud discharge 云标放电cloud discharge 云放电cloud-to-ground discharge 云地[间]放电ionospheric storm 电离层暴ionospheric sudden disturbance 电离层突扰magnetic storm 磁暴atmospheric electric conductivity 大气电导率atmospheric acoustics 大气声学acoustic sounding 声学探测04. 大气化学atmospheric chemistry 大气化学atmospheric photochemistry 大气光化学atmospheric photolysis 大气光解作用atmospheric ozone 大气臭氧atmospheric trace gas 大气痕量气体photochemical reaction 光化反应photochemical smog 光化烟雾precipitation chemistry 降水化学threshold temperature of ice nucleation 成冰阈温05. 动力气象学dynamic meteorology 动力气象学atmospheric thermodynamics 大气热力学sensible heat 感热latent heat 潜热reversible adiabatic process 可逆绝热过程irreversible adiabatic process 不可逆绝热过程moisture inversion 逆湿thermodynamic equation 热力学方程temperature inversion 逆温turbulence inversion 湍流逆温surface inversion 地面逆温radiation inversion 辐射逆温capping inversion 覆盖逆温subsidence inversion 下沉逆温-------------frontal inversion 锋面逆温inversion layer 逆温层isentropic chart 等熵面图tephigram 温熵图T-ln p diagram 温度-对数压力图temperature gradient 温度梯度temperature advection 温度平流adiabatic ascending 绝热上升adiabatic sinking 绝热下沉adiabatic cooling 绝热冷却adiabatic heating 绝热增温pseudo-adiabatic process 假绝热过程diabatic process 非绝热过程convective condensation level, CCL 对流凝结高度mixing condensation level 混合凝结高度temperature lapse rate 气温直减率dry adiabatic lapse rate 干绝热直减率moist adiabatic lapse rate 湿绝热直减率condensation level, CL 凝结高度condensation efficiency 凝结效率thermal stratification 热力层结equivalent temperature 相当温度virtual temperature 虚温dry adiabatic process 干绝热过程moist adiabatic process 湿绝热过程adiabatic diagram 绝热图pseudo-adiabatic diagram 假绝热图pseudo-adiabatic lapse rate 假绝热直减率potential temperature 位温pseudo-equivalent potential temperature 假相当位温wet-bulb potential temperature 湿球位温wet-bulb pseudo potential temperature 假湿球位温wet-bulb pseudo-temperature 假湿球温度atmospheric dynamics 大气动力学equation of motion 运动方程continuity equation 连续方程equation of state 状态方程vorticity equation 涡度方程divergence equation 散度方程hydrostatic equation 流体静力方程ω-equation ω方程perturbation equation 扰动方程thermal wind equation 热成风方程moisture [conservation] equation 水汽守恒方程advective equation 平流方程balance equation 平衡方程baroclinic process 斜压过程Reynolds stress 雷诺应力meteorological wind tunnel 气象风洞equivalent barotropic atmosphere 相当正压大气hydrostatic adjustment process 静力适应过程geostrophic adjustment 地转适应available potential energy 有效位能enstrophy 涡动拟能geopotential meter 位势米geopotential height 位势高度inertial instability 惯性不稳定free convection level 自由对流高度[atmospheric] stability [大气]稳定度[atmospheric] instability [大气]不稳定度static stability 静力稳定度index of stability 稳定度指数absolute stability 绝对稳定absolute instability 绝对不稳定neutral stability 中性稳定conditional instability 条件[性]不稳定inertial stability 惯性稳定度convective instability 对流不稳定convective stability 对流[性]稳定度atmospheric disturbance 大气扰动nonlinear instability 非线性不稳定[性]conditional instability of the second kind, CISK 第二类条件[性]不稳定shearing instability 切变不稳定barotropic instability 正压不稳定baroclinic instability 斜压不稳定latent instability 潜在不稳定conservation of potential vorticity 位涡守恒tendency equation 倾向方程z-coordinate z坐标p-coordinate p坐标σ-coordinate σ坐标θ-coordinate 位温坐标hybrid coordinate 混合坐标convergence 辐合divergence 辐散divergence 散度horizontal divergence 水平散度steering flow 引导气流vorticity 涡度relative vorticity 相对涡度absolute vorticity 绝对涡度-------------planetary vorticity 行星涡度β-plane β平面conservation of absolute vorticity 绝对涡度守恒geostrophic vorticity 地转涡度cyclonic vorticity 气旋性涡度anticyclonic vorticity 反气旋涡度shearing vorticity 切变涡度curvature vorticity 曲率涡度potential vorticity 位势涡度eddy conductivity 涡动传导率eddy viscosity 涡动粘滞率friction velocity 摩擦速度eddy shearing stress 涡动切应力atmospheric wave 大气波动adjustment of longwave 长波调整inertia wave 惯性波baroclinic wave 斜压波barotropic wave 正压波gravity wave 重力波inertia-gravity wave 惯性重力波internal gravity wave 重力内波external gravity wave 重力外波gravity wave drag 重力波拖曳drag coefficient 拖曳系数orographic drag 地形拖曳orographic wave 地形波lee wave 背风波Helmholtz wave 赫姆霍兹波Kelvin wave 开尔文波Lamb wave 兰姆波Rossby wave 罗斯贝波stationary wave 定常波transient wave 瞬变波solitary wave 孤立波progressive wave 前进波retrograde wave 后退波shearing wave 切变波mixed Rossby-gravity wave 混合罗斯贝重力波ultra-long wave 超长波atmospheric noise 大气噪声Prandtl number 普朗特数Rayleigh number 瑞利数Reynolds number 雷诺数Richardson number 里查森数Froude number 弗劳德数Rossby number 罗斯贝数rotating dishpan experiment 转盘实验Hadley regime 哈得来域Rossby regime 罗斯贝域mixing layer 混合层non-divergence level 无辐散层cyclostrophic wind 旋衡风gradient wind 梯度风countergradient wind 反梯度风subgradient wind 次梯度风supergradient wind 超梯度风thermal wind 热成风veering wind 顺转风backing wind 逆转风wind shear 风切变geostrophic wind 地转风antitriptic wind 摩擦风subgeostrophic wind 次地转风supergeostrophic wind 超地转风ageostrophic wind 非地转风isallobaric wind 变压风jet stream 急流northern branch jet stream 北支急流southern branch jet stream 南支急流basic flow 基本气流subtropical jet stream 副热带急流axis of jet stream 急流轴streamline 流线westerly jet 西风急流convective cloud 对流云deep convection 深对流shallow convection 浅对流line convection 线对流Ekman flow 埃克曼流thermal convection 热对流moist convection 湿对流cumulus convection 积云对流mesoscale convective system, MCS 中尺度对流系统warm advection 暖平流cold advection 冷平流upward flow 上升气流downward flow 下沉气流convective adjustment 对流调整convective parameterization 对流参数化mesoscale convective complex, MCC 中尺度对流复合体geostrophic motion 地转运动quasi-geostrophic motion 准地转运动-------------semi-geostrophic motion 半地转运动ageostrophic motion 非地转运动irrotational motion 无旋运动nondivergent motion 无辐散运动baroclinic atmosphere 斜压大气barotropic atmosphere 正压大气baroclinic mode 斜压模态barotropic mode 正压模态normal mode 正规模态Ekman layer 埃克曼层Ekman spiral 埃克曼螺线atmospheric circulation 大气环流meridional circulation 经向环流zonal circulation 纬向环流Hadley cell 哈得来环流Walker cell 沃克环流direct circulation 直接环流indirect circulation 间接环流[圈]trade-wind circulation 信风环流circulation cell 环流圈local circulation 局地环流three-cell [meridional] circulation 三圈经向环流circulation index 环流指数high index 高指数low index 低指数index cycle 指数循环circulation theorem 环流定理Kelvin's theorem of circulation 开尔文环流定理Bjerknes circulation theorem 皮叶克尼斯环流定理cross-equatorial flow 越赤道气流adjustment of circulation 环流调整mesospheric circulation 中间层环流large-scale circulation 大尺度环流atmospheric center of action 大气活动中心stratospheric sudden warming 平流层爆发[性]增温atmospheric turbulence 大气湍流eddy 涡旋flux 通量turbulent flux 湍流通量isotropic turbulence 各向同性湍流mixing length 混合长K theory of turbulence 湍流[WTHZ]K[WT][HT5H]理论Prandtl mixing-length theory 普朗特混合长理论turbulent boundary layer 湍流边界层laminar boundary layer 层流边界层turbulence spectrum 湍流谱turbulence energy 湍流能量turbulent exchange 湍流交换turbulent diffusion 湍流扩散Eliassen-Palm flux EP通量lateral mixing 侧向混合chaos 混沌numerical weather prediction, NWP 数值天气预报model output statistic prediction, MOS prediction 模式输出统计预报equivalent barotropic model 相当正压模式quasi-geostrophic model 准地转模式filtered model 过滤模式adiabatic model 绝热模式primitive equation model 原始方程模式mesoscale model 中尺度模式scaling 尺度分析synoptic scale 天气尺度planetary scale 行星尺度meso scale 中尺度meso-αscale α中尺度meso-βscale β中尺度meso-γscale γ中尺度spectral model 谱模式movable fine-mesh model 可移动细网格模式semi-implicit scheme 半隐式格式conservation scheme 守恒格式finite difference model 差分模式upstream scheme 迎风差格式computational instability 线性计算不稳定perturbation method 小扰动法energy cascade 能量串级objective analysis 客观分析physical mode 物理模[态]computational mode 计算模[态]model resolution 模式分辨率skill score 技巧分subgrid scale parameterization 次网格尺度参数化normal mode initialization 正规模[态]初值化dynamic initialization 动力初值化static initialization 静力初值化four-dimensional data assimilation 四维资料同化rigid boundary condition 刚体边界条件spongy boundary condition 海绵边界条件first guess 初估值time smoothing 时间平滑space smoothing 空间平滑-------------。
中译英大气科学翻译_英译中大气科学翻译术语_专联译盟网
低层大气
lower atmosphere
堡状层积云
stratocumulus castellanus Sc cas
中层大气
middle atmosphere
荚状层积云
stratocumulus lenticularis Sc len
海陆风
sealand breeze
比湿
specific humidity
向岸风
onshore wind
混合比
mixing ratio
离岸风
offshore wind
露点
dew point
峡谷风
gorge wind
露点差
depression of the dew point
坡风
slope wind
过饱和空气
大气科学
atmospheric science
卷积云
cirrocumulus Cc
气象学
meteorology
高积云
altocumulus Ac
理论气象学
theoretical meteorology
透光高积云
altocumulus translucidus Ac tr
中尺度气象学
mesometeorology
有效能见度
effective visibility
饱和差
saturation deficit
灯光能见距离
visual range of light
国际云图
international cloud atlas
地面能见度
surface visibility