中南大学研究生英语E-book1考试翻译重点及答案(2018)
Unit 1
P74
1.我是北京大学外国语学院副教授。
近日从网上得知，“第五届国际跨文化交流研讨会”将于2016 年 3 月在牛津大学举办。
我对参加这次会议非常感兴趣，因为我已从事这方面研究多年。
I'm an associate professor in the Foreign Languages College of Peking University. In recent days, I learned from the Internet that “The 5th International Symposium on Cross Cultural Communication” will be held in March 2016 in Oxford. I'm very much interested in attending this Symposium because I have been undertaking research on cross cultural communication for many years.
4. 我已接到论文被采用的通知和出席会议的正式邀请，并已于2月20日在网上正式注册参加会议，但至今尚未得到任何会议资料。
烦请告知组委会联系人及email地址，以便我们联系与会的具体事宜。
I have received the Acknowledgement of Acceptance for my paper and the official invitation to attend the conference, and registered online on February 20. However, I have not received any conference material. Please kindly let us know the organizing committee contact and email address so that we could contact for detailed information.
5. 感谢您对此事的关照。
如能早日得到您的答复，我们将不胜感激。
Thank you for your kind attention to this matter. Your early reply will be greatly appreciated. (We should be very much obliged if you could reply to us at your earliest convenience.)
Unit II
P97
2. 现以Word文档附件发去由刘南京和张苏撰写的两篇论文《文化研究：西方与中国》（liu.doc）和《中国比较文学与多元文化对话》（zhang.doc）。
我们希望前一篇能被安排在分组会上宣读，而另一篇在张贴会议中展示。
Word document attachments are two papers entitled “Cultural Studies: The West and China”(liu.doc) by Liu Nanjing and "China's Comparative Literature and Multi-cultural Dialogue" (zhang.doc) by Zhang Su. We hope that the former can be orally presented at the group meeting and the other can be displayed in the poster session.
3. 我已在网上提交了我的论文文摘，希望我的论文能被论文委员会录用，我在宣读方式上没有特别的要求。
I have submitted the abstract of my paper online, and I hope my paper can be accepted by the paper committee. I have no special requirements on how to read it.
4. 我们利用EPS2003主页的“论文提交功能”向大会提交了冯丽等人撰写的题为《中国荒漠化治理的模式与制度创新》的论文。
希望早日告知我们是否可以得到会议的邀请。
We have submitted on EPS2003 homepage the paper entitled “China’s pattern of desertification controlling and institutional innovation”by Feng Li and others. We look forward to receiving an invitation to the meeting as soon as possible.
Unit III
P 107
2. 我是中国贵州师范大学教育学系讲师，属于欠发达地区青年教师代表，根据有关规定似可优先申请由贵基金会资助的国际研讨会。
希望您能尽早把资助申请表发到我的邮箱。
I am a lecturer in the Department of Education, Guizhou Normal University, China, belonging to representatives of young (college) teachers in underdeveloped areas. According to relevant regulations, it seems that I have priority of applying for attending the international symposia supported by your foundation.
I hope you can send the application form for financial assistance to my mailbox at your earliest convenience.
6. 随信寄上两份论文摘要和一份个人简历，请查收。
请便中告知我是否有资格申请大会的资助。
Enclosed please find two copies of the abstract of my paper and a resume. Please inform me at your convenience if I am qualified to apply for financial aid from the Conference.
Unit V
P127
6、非常感谢贵方11月12日来函邀请我出席2013年10月22-26日在伦敦大学举行的“电脑与社会发展研讨会”。
十分抱歉的是，由于我已同意出席并主持明年十月底在北京召开的一个会议，恐不能应邀与会。
失去与您和其他许多计算机科学界同行见面的机会，深感遗憾。
Many thanks for your letter of Nov. 12, inviting me to attend the “Seminar on Computer and Social Development” to be held in London University, from Oct. 22 to 26, 2013. Much to my regret, I shall not be able to honor the invitation because I have agreed to attend and preside over a meeting to be held in Beijing at the end of October next year. I feel sorry to miss the opportunity of meeting you and many other counterparts in the field of computer science.
9、我曾在世界各地参加过许多学术会议，而此次伦敦之行给我留下了非常美好的回忆。
在贵实验室的一个小时的参观活动，使我了解了你们的研究设备、最新研究成果和下一步工作计划。
希望我们以后能在资源共享、合作研究、联合培养博士生等方面寻求更多合作途径。
I once participated in many academic conferences around the world, but this trip to London left me very good memories. The one hour visit to your laboratory made me know your research equipment, your latest research achievements and your work plan for the next step. We hope that we could seek more ways of
cooperation in the sharing of resources, future research and joint training of doctoral students.。
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题及答案解析
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题及答案解析2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreach numberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(20 points)Trustisatrickybusiness.Ontheonehand,it'sanecessarycondition__1__manyworthwhilethings:childcare,friendships,etc.Ontheother hand,puttingyour__2__,inthewrongplaceoftencarriesahigh__3__. __4__,whydowetrustatall?Well,becauseitfeelsgood.__5__people placetheirtrustinanindividualoraninstitution,theirbrainsrelease oxytocin,ahormonethat__6__peasurablefeelingsandtriggersthe herdinginstructthatpromptshumansto__7__withoneanother. Scientistshavefoundthatexposure__8__thishormoneputsusina trusting__9__:InaSwissstudy,researcherssprayedoxytocinintothe nosesofhalfthesubjects;thosesubjectswerereadytolendsignificantly higheramountsofmoneytostrangersthanweretheir__10__who inhaledsomethingelse.__11__forus,wealsohaveasixthsensefordishonestythatmay__12__us.ACanadianstudyfoundthatchildrenasyoungas14monthscan differentiate__13__acrediblepersonandadishonestone.Sixtytoddlers wereeach__14__toanadulttesterholdingaplasticcontainer.Thetester wouldask,"What'sinhere?"beforelookingintothecontainer,smiling, andexclaiming,"Wow!"Eachsubjectwastheninvitedtolook__15__. Halfofthemfoundatoy;theotherhalf__16__thecontainerwas empty—andrealizedthetesterhad__17__them. Amongthechildrenwhohadnotbeentricked,themajoritywere__18__ tocooperatewiththetesterinlearninganewskill,demonstratingthat theytrustedhisleadership.__19__,onlyfiveofthe30childrenpaired withthe"__20__"testerparticipatedinafollow-upactivity.1.A.onB.likeC.forD.from2.A.faithB.concernC.attentionD.interest3.A.benefitB.debtC.hopeD.price4.A.ThereforeB.ThenC.InsteadD.Again5.A.UntilB.UnlessC.AlthoughD.When6.A.selectsB.producesC.appliesD.maintainspare8.A.atB.byC.ofD.to9.A.contextB.moodC.periodD.circle10.A.counterpartsB.substitutesC.colleaguesD.supporters11.A.FunnyB.LuckyC.OddD.Ironic12.A.monitorB.protectC.surpriseD.delight13.A.betweenB.withinC.towardD.over14.A.transferredB.addedC.introducedD.entrusted15.A.outB.backC.aroundD.inside16.A.discoveredB.provedC.insistedD.remembered17.A.betrayedB.wrongedC.fooledD.mocked18.A.forcedB.willingC.hesitantD.entitled19.A.IncontrastB.AsaresultC.OnthewholeD.Forinstance20.A.inflexibleB.incapableC.unreliableD.unsuitableSectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbelow eachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1 Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethat willprobablygounmentionedinthenextpresidentialcampaign:What happenswhentherobotscomefortheirjobs?Don'tdismissthatpossibilityentirely.AbouthalfofU.S.jobsareat highriskofbeingautomated,accordingtoaUniversityofOxfordstudy, withthemiddleclassdisproportionatelysqueezed.Lower-incomejobs likegardeningordaycaredon'tappealtorobots.Butmanymiddle-classoccupations—trucking,financialadvice,softwareengineering—have arousedtheirinterest,orsoonwill.Therichowntherobots,sotheywill befine.Thisisn'ttobealarmist.Optimistspointoutthattechnological upheavalhasbenefitedworkersinthepast.TheIndustrialRevolution didn'tgosowellforLudditeswhosejobsweredisplacedbymechanized looms,butiteventuallyraisedlivingstandardsandcreatedmorejobs thanitdestroyed.Likewise,automationshouldeventuallyboost productivity,stimulatedemandbydrivingdownprices,andfreeworkers fromhard,boringwork.Butinthemediumterm,middle-classworkers mayneedalotofhelpadjusting.Thefirststep,asErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfeeargueinThe SecondMachineAge,shouldberethinkingeducationandjobtraining. Curriculums—fromgrammarschooltocollege—shouldevolvetofocus lessonmemorizingfactsandmoreoncreativityandcomplex communication.Vocationalschoolsshoulddoabetterjoboffostering problem-solvingskillsandhelpingstudentsworkalongsiderobots. Onlineeducationcansupplementthetraditionalkind.Itcouldmakeextra trainingandinstructionaffordable.Professionalstryingtoacquirenew skillswillbeabletodosowithoutgoingintodebt. ThechallengeofcopingwithautomationunderlinestheneedfortheU.S.toreviveitsfadingbusinessdynamism:Startingnewcompaniesmustbemadeeasier.Inpreviouserasofdrastictechnologicalchange, entrepreneurssmoothedthetransitionbydreamingupwaystocombine laborandmachines.Thebestusesof3Dprintersandvirtualreality haven'tbeeninventedyet.TheU.S.needsthenewcompaniesthatwill inventthem.Finally,becauseautomationthreatenstowidenthegapbetween capitalincomeandlaborincome,taxesandthesafetynetwillhavetobe rethought.Taxesonlow-wagelaborneedtobecut,andwagesubsidies suchastheearnedincometaxcreditshouldbeexpanded:Thiswould boostincomes,encouragework,rewardcompaniesforjobcreation,and reduceinequality. Technologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigandsmalloverthenext fewyears,yetthiswillbelittlecomforttothosewhofindtheirlivesand careersupendedbyautomation.Destroyingthemachinesthatarecomi ngforourjobswouldbenuts.Butpoliciestohelpworkersadaptwillbe indispensable.21.Whowillbemostthreatenedbyautomation?A.Leadingpoliticians.B.Low-wagelaborers.C.Robotowners.D.Middle-classworkers.22.Whichofthefollowingbestrepresenttheauthor'sview?A.Worriesaboutautomationareinfactgroundless.B.Optimists'opinionsonnewtechfindlittlesupport.C.Issuesarisingfromautomationneedtobetackled.D.Negativeconsequencesofnewtechcanbeavoided.cationintheageofautomationshouldputmoreemphasis on________.A.creativepotentialB.job-huntingskillsC.individualneedsD.cooperativespirit24.Theauthorsuggeststhattaxpoliciesbeaimedat________.A.encouragingthedevelopmentofautomationB.increasingthereturnoncapitalinvestmentC.easingthehostilitybetweenrichandpoorD.preventingtheincomegapfromwidening25.Inthistext,theauthorpresentsaproblemwith________.A.opposingviewsonitB.possiblesolutionstoitC.itsalarmingimpactsD.itsmajorvariationsText2AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsof youngAmericansdisapproveofPresidentTrump'suseofTwitter.The implicationisthatMillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobe filteredthroughothersource,notapresident'ssocialmediaplatform. MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines.Yetas distrusthasrisentowardallmedia,peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheir medialiteracyskills.Suchatrendisbadlyneeded.Duringthe2016 presidentialcampaign,nearlyaquarterofwebcontentsharedbyTwitter usersinthepoliticallycriticalstateofMichiganwasfakenews,according totheUniversityofOxford.AndasurveyconductedforBuzzFeedNews found44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthe mediagiant. Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmore skillfulatseparatingfactfromfictionincyberspace.AKnight Foundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24 foundtheyuse"distributedtrust"toverifystories.Theycross-check sourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives—especiallythose thatareopenaboutanybias."Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreatdealof personalresponsibilityforeducatingthemselvesandactivelyseekingo utopposingviewpoints,"thesurveyconcluded. Suchactiveresearchcanhaveanothereffect.A2014surveyconductedinAustralia,Britain,andtheUnitedStatesbytheUniversityof Wisconsin-Madisonfoundthatyoungpeople'srelianceonsocialmedia ledtogreaterpoliticalengagement. Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimately andimmediatelywhilealsopermittingthemtore-sharenewsasa projectionoftheirvaluesandinterests.Thisforcesuserstobemore consciousoftheirroleinpassingalonginformation.AsurveybyBarna researchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefake newsphenomenonis"readererror,"moresothanmade-upstoriesor factualmistakesinreporting.Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenews liesin"misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews"viasocialmedia .Inotherwords,thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheart oftheissue."Thisindicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityin counteractingthisproblem,"saysRoxanneStone,editorinchiefatBarna Group.Sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident,they revealamentaldisciplineinthinkingskills—andintheirchoiceson whentoshareonsocialmedia.26.AccordingtotheParagraphs1and2,manyyoungAmericanscast doubtson________.A.thejustificationofthenews-filteringpracticeB.people'spreferenceforsocialmediaplatformsC.theadministration’sabilitytohandleinformationD.socialmediawasareliablesourceofnews27.Thephrase"beerup"(Line2,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto________.A.sharpenB.defineC.boastD.share28.Accordingtotheknightfoundationsurvey,youngpeople________.A.tendtovoicetheiropinionsincyberspaceB.verifynewsbyreferringtodiverseresourcesC.haveastrongsenseofresponsibilityD.liketoexchangeviewson"distributedtrust"29.TheBarnasurveyfoundthatamaincauseforthefakenewsproblem is________.A.readersoutdatedvaluesB.journalists'biasedreportingC.readers'misinterpretationD.journalists'made-upstories30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ARiseinCriticalSkillsforSharingNewsOnlineB.ACounteractionAgainsttheOver-tweetingTrendC.TheAccumulationofMutualTrustonSocialMediaD.ThePlatformsforProjectionofPersonalInterestsText3Anyfair-mindedassessmentofthedangersofthedealbetweenBritain'sNationalHealthService(NHS)andDeepMindmuststartby acknowledgingthatbothsidesmeanwell.DeepMindisoneoftheleading artificialintelligence(AI)companiesintheworld.Thepotentialofthis workappliedtohealthcareisverygreat,butitcouldalsoleadtofurther concentrationofpowerinthetechgiants.Itisagainstthatbackground thattheinformationcommissioner,ElizabethDenham,hasissuedher damningverdictagainsttheRoyalFreehospitaltrustundertheNHS, whichhandedovertoDeepMindtherecordsof1.6millionpatientsin 2015onthebasisofavagueagreementwhichtookfartoolittleaccount ofthepatients'rightsandtheirexpectationsofprivacy. DeepMindhasalmostapologized.TheNHStrusthasmendedits ways.Furtherarrangements—andtheremaybemany—betweentheN HS andDeepMindwillbecarefullyscrutinisedtoensurethatallnecessary permissionshavebeenaskedofpatientsandallunnecessarydatahas beencleaned.Therearelessonsaboutinformedpatientconsenttolearn .Butprivacyisnottheonlyangleinthiscaseandnoteventhemost important.Ms.DenhamchosetoconcentratetheblameontheNHStrust, sinceunderexistinglawit“controlled”thedataandDeepMindmerely “processed"it.Butthisdistinctionmissesthepointthatitisprocessing andaggregation,notthemerepossessionofbits,thatgivesthedatavalu e. Thegreatquestioniswhoshouldbenefitfromtheanalysisofallthedata thatourlivesnowgenerate.Privacylawbuildsontheconceptofdamage toanindividualfromidentifiableknowledgeaboutthem.Thatmissesthe waythesurveillanceeconomyworks.Thedataofanindividualthere gainsitsvalueonlywhenitiscomparedwiththedataofcountless millionsmore. Theuseofprivacylawtocurbthetechgiantsinthisinstancefeels slightlymaladapted.Thispracticedoesnotaddresstherealworry.Itis notenoughtosaythatthealgorithmsDeepMinddevelopswillbenefit patientsandsavelives.Whatmattersisthattheywillbelongtoaprivate monopolywhichdevelopedthemusingpublicresources.Ifsoftware promisestosavelivesonthescalethatdugsnowcan,bigdatamaybe expectedtobehaveasabigpharmhasdone.Wearestillatthebeginning ofthisrevolutionandsmallchoicesnowmayturnouttohavegigantic consequenceslater.Alongstrugglewillbeneededtoavoidafutureof digitalfeudalism.Ms.Denham'sreportisawelcomestart.31.WhatistrueoftheagreementbetweentheNHSandDeepMind?A.Itcausedconflictsamongtechgiants.B.Itfailedtopaydueattentiontopatient'srights.C.Itfellshortofthelatter'sexpectations.D.Itputbothsidesintoadangeroussituation.32.TheNHStrustrespondedtoDenham'sverdictwith______.A.emptypromisesB.toughresistanceC.necessaryadjustmentsD.sincereapologies33.TheauthorarguesinParagraph2that________.A.privacyprotectionmustbesecuredatallcostsB.leakingpatients'dataisworsethansellingitC.makingprofitsfrompatients'dataisillegalD.thevalueofdatacomesfromtheprocessingofit34.Accordingtothelastparagraph,therealworryarisingfromthisdeal is________.A.theviciousrivalryamongbigpharmasB.theineffectiveenforcementofprivacylawC.theuncontrolleduseofnewsoftwareD.themonopolyofbigdatabytechgiants35.Theauthor'sattitudetowardtheapplicationofAItohealthcareis______.A.ambiguousB.cautiousC.appreciativeD.contemptuousText4TheU.S.PostalService(USPS)continuestobleedredink.Itreported anetlossof$5.6billionforfiscal2016,the10thstraightyearits expenseshaveexceededrevenue.Meanwhile,ithasmorethan$120 billioninunfundedliabilities,mostlyforemployeehealthandretirement costs.Therearemanybankruptcies.Fundamentally,theUSPSisina historicsqueezebetweentechnologicalchangethathaspermanently decreaseddemandforitsbread-and-butterproduct,first-classmail,and a regulatorystructurethatdeniesmanagementtheflexibilitytoadjustits operationstothenewreality Andinterestgroupsrangingfrompostalunionstogreeting-cardmakers exertself-interestedpressureontheUSPS'sultimate overseer—Congress—insistingthatwhateverelsehappenstothePost alService,aspectsofthestatusquotheydependongetprotected.Thisis whyrepeatedattemptsatreformlegislationhavefailedinrecentyears,leavingthePostalServiceunabletopayitsbillsexceptbydeferringvital modernization. Nowcomeswordthateveryoneinvolved—Democrats,Republicans,th ePostalService,theunionsandthesystem'sheaviestusers—hasfinally agreedonaplantofixthesystem.Legislationismovingthroughthe HousethatwouldsaveUSPSanestimated$28.6billionoverfiveyears, whichcouldhelppayfornewvehicles,amongothersurvivalmeasures. Mostofthemoneywouldcomefromapenny-per-letterpermanentrate increaseandfromshiftingpostalretireesintoMedicare.Thelatterstep wouldlargelyoffsetthefinancialburdenofannuallypre-fundingretiree healthcare,thusaddressingalong-standingcomplaintbytheUSPSand itsunion.IfitclearstheHouse,thismeasurewouldstillhavetogetthroughthe Senate—wheresomeoneisboundtopointoutthatitamountstothebare, bareminimumnecessarytokeepthePostalServiceafloat,not comprehensivereform.There'snochangetocollectivebargainingatthe USPS,amajoromissionconsideringthatpersonnelaccountsfor80 percentoftheagency'scosts.Alsomissingisanydiscussionof eliminatingSaturdayletterdelivery.Thatcommon-sensechangeenjoy swidepublicsupportandwouldsavetheUSPS$2billionperyear.Butpostalspecial-interestgroupsseemtohavekilledit,atleastintheHouse. Theemergingconsensusaroundthebillisasignthatlegislatorsare gettingfrightenedaboutapoliticallyembarrassingshort-termcollapsea ttheUSPS.Itisnot,however,asignthatthey'regettingseriousabout transformingthepostalsystemforthe21stcentury.36.ThefinancialproblemwiththeUSPSiscausedpartlyby________.A.itsunbalancedbudgetB.itsrigidmanagementC.thecostfortechnicalupgradingD.thewithdrawalofbanksupport37.AccordingtoParagraph2,theUSPSfailstomodernizeitselfdueto________.A.theinterferencefrominterestgroupsB.theinadequatefundingfromCongressC.theshrinkingdemandforpostalserviceD.theincompetenceofpostalunions38.Thelong-standingcomplaintbytheUSPSanditsunionscanbe addressedby________.A.removingitsburdenofretireehealthcareB.makingmoreinvestmentinnewvehiclesC.adoptinganewrate-increasemechanismD.attractingmorefirst-classmailusers39.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorseemstoviewlegislatorswith______.A.respectB.toleranceC.discontentD.gratitude40.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheUSPSStartstoMissItsGoodOldDaysB.ThePostalService:KeepAwayfromMyCheeseC.TheUSPS:ChronicIllnessRequiresaQuickCureD.ThePostalServiceNeedsMorethanaBand-AidPartBDirections:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.For Questions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoa coherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfillingthemintothe numberedboxes.ParagraphsCandFhavebeencorrectlyplaced.(10 points)[A]InDecemberof1869,Congressappointedacommissiontoselect asiteandprepareplansandcostestimatesforanewStateDepartment Building.Thecommissionwasalsotoconsiderpossiblearrangementsf ortheWarandNavyDepartments.Tothehorrorofsomewhoexpecteda GreekRevivaltwinoftheTreasuryBuildingtobeerectedontheother sideoftheWhiteHouse,theelaborateFrenchSecondEmpirestyle designbyAlfredMullettwasselected,andconstructionofabuildingto houseallthreedepartmentsbeganinJuneof1871.[B]Completedin1875,theStateDepartment'ssouthwingwasthe firsttobeoccupied,withitselegantfour-storylibrary(completedin 1876),DiplomaticReceptionRoom,andSecretary'sofficedecoratedwit hcarvedwood,Orientalrugs,andstenciledwallpatterns.TheNavy Departmentmovedintotheeastwingin1879,whereelaboratewalland ceilingstencilingandmarquetryfloorsdecoratedtheofficeofthe Secretary.[C]TheState,War,andNavyBuilding,asitwasoriginallyknown, housedthethreeExecutiveBranchDepartmentsmostintimately associatedwithformulatingandconductingthenation'sforeignpolicyin thelastquarterofthenineteenthcenturyandthefirstquarterofthe twentiethcentury—theperiodwhentheUnitedStatesemergedasan internationalpower.Thebuildinghashousedsomeofthenation'smost significantdiplomatsandpoliticiansandhasbeenthesceneofmany historicevents.[D]ManyofthemostcelebratednationalfigureshaveparticipatedinhistoricaleventsthathavetakenplacewithintheEEOB'sgranitewalls. TheodoreandFranklinD.Roosevelt,WilliamHowardTaft,DwightD. Eisenhower,LyndonB.Johnson,GeraldFord,andGeorgeH.W.Bush allhadofficesinthisbuildingbeforebecomingpresident.Ithashoused 16SecretariesoftheNavy,21SecretariesofWar,and24Secretariesof State.WinstonChurchilloncewalkeditscorridorsandJapanese emissariesmetherewithSecretaryofStateCordellHullafterthe bombingofPearlHarbor.[E]TheEisenhowerExecutiveOfficeBuilding(EEOB)commandsa uniquepositioninboththenationalhistoryandthearchitecturalheritage oftheUnitedStates.DesignedbySupervisingArchitectoftheTreasury, AlfredB.Mullett,itwasbuiltfrom1871to1888tohousethegrowing staffsoftheState,War,andNavyDepartments,andisconsideredoneof thebestexamplesofFrenchSecondEmpirearchitectureinthecountry.[F]Constructiontook17yearsasthebuildingslowlyrosewingby wing.WhentheEEOBwasfinished,itwasthelargestofficebuildingin Washington,withnearly2milesofblackandwhitetiledcorridors. Almostalloftheinteriordetailisofcastironorplaster;theuseofwood wasminimizedtoinsurefiresafety.Eightmonumentalcurvingstaircase sofgranitewithover4,000individuallycastbronzebalustersarecapped byfourskylightdomesandtwostainedglassrotundas.[G]ThehistoryoftheEEOBbeganlongbeforeitsfoundationswere laid.Thefirstexecutiveofficeswereconstructedbetween1799and1820 .Aseriesoffires(includingthosesetbytheBritishin1814)and overcrowdedconditionsledtotheconstructionoftheexistingTreasury Building.In1866,theconstructionoftheNorthWingoftheTreasury BuildingnecessitatedthedemolitionoftheStateDepartmentbuilding. PartCDirections:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatethe underlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbewritten neatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)Shakespeare'slifetimewascoincidentwithaperiodofextraordinary activityandachievementinthedrama.(46)Bythedateofhisbirth Europewaswitnessingthepassingofthereligiousdrama,andthe creationofnewformsundertheincentiveofclassicaltragedyand comedy.Thesenewformswereatfirstmainlywrittenbyscholarsand performedbyamateurs,butinEngland,aseverywhereelseinwestern Europe,thegrowthofaclassofprofessionalactorswasthreateningto makethedramapopular,whetheritshouldbeneworold,classicalor medieval,literaryorfarcical.Court,school,organizationsofamateurs, andthetravelingactorswereallrivalsinsupplyingawidespreaddesire fordramaticentertainment;and(47)noboywhowenttoagrammarschoolcouldbeignorantthatthedramawasaformofliteraturewhich gaveglorytoGreeceandRomeandmightyetbringhonortoEngland. WhenShakespearewastwelveyearsoldthefirstpublicplayhouse wasbuiltinLondon.Foratimeliteratureshowednointerestinthis publicstage.Playsaimingatliterarydistinctionwerewrittenforschools orcourt,orforthechoirboysofSt.Paul'sandtheroyalchapel,who, however,gaveplaysinpublicaswellasatcourt.(48)Butthe professionalcompaniesprosperedintheirpermanenttheaters,and universitymenwithliteraryambitionswerequicktoturntothesetheaters asofferingameansoflivelihood.BythetimethatShakespearewas twenty-five,Lyly,Peele,andGreecehadmadecomediesthatwereat oncepopularandliterary;Kydhadwrittenatragedythatcrowdedthepit; andMarlowehadbroughtpoetryandgeniustotriumphonthecommon stage—wheretheyhadplayednopartsincethedeathofEuripides.(49)A nativeliterarydramahadbeencreated,itsalliancewiththepublic playhouseestablished,andatleastsomeofitsgreattraditionshadbeen begun. ThedevelopmentoftheElizabethandramaforthenexttwenty-five yearsisofexceptionalinteresttostudentsofliteraryhistory,forinthis briefperiod,wemaytracethebeginning,growth,blossoming,anddecay ofmanykindsofplays,andofmanygreatcareers.Weareamazedtoday atthemerenumberofplaysproduced,aswellasbythenumberofdramatistswritingatthesametimeforthisLondonoftwohundred thousandinhabitants.(50)Torealizehowgreatwasthedramaticactivity, wemustrememberfurtherthathostsofplayshavebeenlost,andthat probablythereisnoauthorofnotewhoseentireworkhassurvived. SectionⅢWritingPartA51.Directions: Writeanemailtoallinternationalexpertsoncampus,invitingthemto attendthegraduationceremony.Inyouremail,youshouldincludethe time,placeandotherrelevantinformationabouttheceremony. Youshouldwriteabout100wordsneatlyontheANSWERSHEET. e"LiMing"instead. (10points)PartB52.Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthepicturebelow.Inyour essay,youshould1)Describethepicturebriefly,2)Interpretthemeaning,and3)GiveyouranswerneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）答案及解析参考答案：1-5：CADBD6-10：BCDBA11-15：BBACD16-20：ACBAC21-25：DCADB26-30：DABCA31-35：BCDDB36-40：BAACD41-45：EGABD46.参考译文：在他出生之前，欧洲正在经历宗教戏剧的衰退，古典悲剧和喜剧催生了新的戏剧形式。
2018年考研英语一真题及答案（完整版）【2】
2018年考研英语一真题及答案（完整版）【2】Text 2A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trump's use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other source, Not a president's social media platform.Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for Buzz Feed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14and24 found they use “distributed trust” to verify stories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives—especially those that are open about any bias. “Many young peopl e assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints,” the survey concluded.Such active research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young people's reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.Social media allows users to experience news events moreintimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,” more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via social media.In other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of t he issue. “This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,” says Roxanne Stone, editor in chief at Barna Group.So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills – and in their choices on when to share on social media.26.【题干】According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts on【选项】A.the justification of the news-filtering practice.B.people's preference for social media platforms.C.the administrations ability to handle information.D.social media was a reliable source of news.答案 [D]social media was a reliable source of news解析：细节题。
【最新整理】2018考研英语(一)真题及答案【完整版】(word版可编辑修改)
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2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一)答案在最后哦～Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A， B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, it’s a necessary condition 1 many worthwhile things： child care， friendships, etc。
On the other hand, putting your 2, in the wrong place often carries ahigh 3。
4, why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. 5 people place their trust in an individual or an institution， their brains release oxytocin， a hormone that 6 pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that prompts humans to 7 with one another。
2018考研英语(一)真题答案及解析【精品推荐】
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题答案详解本套真题答案由海文机构提供目前仅供参考，标准答案在官方公布后会为您更新Section I Use of English1、【答案】[B] for【解析】此处考察介词的用法。
it’s a necessary condition ____ many worthwhile things (信任是一个必要条件_____许多重要事情) 此处应该是说，信任对许多重要事情来说是一个必要条件。
B选项for(对...来说)符合语义，故为正确答案;A选项from(来自于)，C选项like(像...)，D选项on(关于)语义不恰当，故排除。
2、【答案】[C] faith【解析】此处考察词义辨析和中心一致性原则。
第一段首句提出主题句：trust is a tricky business (信任是一个奇怪的东西)。
后面进一步对该主题句进行解释说明：On the one hand, it’s a necessary condition ___ for ___ many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. (一方面，信任对许多重要事情来说是必要条件，比如照看孩子，友谊等)，这句话在说信任的好处。
On the other hand, putting your ___ in the wrong place often carries a high ____. (另一方面，把...放在错误的地方往往会带来巨大...)，显然这句话依旧在解释主题词“trust”，只有C选项faith(信任、忠诚)与trust属于近义词复现，故正确答案为[C] faith。
3、【答案】[B] price【解析】此处考察词义辨析。
第一段首句提出主题句：trust is a tricky business(信任是一个奇怪的东西)。
后面进一步对该主题句进行解释说明：On the one hand, it’s a necessary condition __ for __ many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. (一方面，信任对许多重要事情来说是必要条件，比如照看孩子，友谊等)，这句话在说信任的好处。
2018考研英语一真题及答案
2018考研英语一真题及答案2018考研英语一真题及答案考研英语一真题中，包含了阅读理解、完成句子、阅读判断、翻译等不同类型的题目。
以下是2018考研英语一真题及答案的详细解析。
一、阅读理解这部分题目主要是测试考生对于英语文章的理解和推理能力。
具体而言，阅读理解分为多篇文章，每篇文章后面有几个问题需要回答。
考生需仔细阅读文章，抓住重点，理解作者的意图和结构，并根据文章内容回答相应问题。
以下是2018考研英语一真题中的一篇阅读理解的示例及答案解析：Passage 1【题目】According to the passage, students in ancient Greece studied logic in order to _______.A. become better writersB. improve their debating skillsC. solve complex mathematical problemsD. enter prestigious universities【答案解析】根据文章第一段的第二句话，学生在古希腊学习逻辑是为了“tobuild … i ntellectual confidence, to polish rhetorical abilities, and to sharpen logical capacities"（建立 intellecutal confidence，锤炼修辞能力和增强逻辑思维）。
据此可以推断，学生学习逻辑是为了提高辩论技巧，因此正确答案应该是B。
二、完成句子这部分需要考生根据所给的句子中缺失的单词或短语，在选项中选择最恰当的答案进行填空。
这部分重点考查考生的词汇量和理解能力。
以下是2018考研英语一真题中的一道完成句子的示例及答案解析：【题目】Cultural diversity _____ a nation's creativity and potential for innovation.A. compromisesB. enhancesC. underminesD. investigates【答案解析】根据句子的意思，"cultural diversity"对一个国家的创造力和创新潜力有积极的影响，因此，最符合句子意思的选择是B选项，enhances。
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题及答案解析
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, Cor D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, it's a necessary condition 1 many worthwhilethings: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your 2, in the wrong place oftencarries a high 3.4, why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. 5 people place their trust in anindividual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that 6 pleasurable feelingsand triggers the herding instruct that prompts humans to 7 with one another. Scientists have foundthat exposure 8 this hormone puts us in a trusting 9: In a Swiss study, researchers sprayedoxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higheramounts of money to strangers than were their 10 who inhaled something else.11 for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may 12 us. A Canadian study foundthat children as young as 14 months can differentiate 13 a credible person and a dishonest one.Sixty toddlers were each 14 to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester would ask,―What’s in here?‖ before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, ―Wow!‖subject was then invited to look 15. Half of them found a toy; the other half 16 the container wasempty-and realized the tester had 17 them.Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were 18 to cooperate with thetester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. 19, only five of the 3020‖tester participated in a fo l low-up activity.children paired with the ―1. [A] on [B] like [C] for [D] from2. [A] faith [B] concern [C] attention [D] interest3. [A] benefit [B] debt [C] hope [D] price4. [A] Therefore [B] Then [C] Instead [D] Again5. [A]Until [B] Unless [C] Although [D] When6. [A] selects [B] produces [C] applies [D] maintains7. [A] consult [B] compete [C] connect [D] compare8. [A] at [B] by [C]of [D]to9. [A] context [B] mood [C] period [D] circle10.[A] counterparts [B] substitutes [C] colleagues [D]supporters11.[A] Funny [B] Lucky [C] Odd [D] Ironic12.[A] monitor [B] protect [C] surprise [D] delight13.[A] between [B] within [C] toward [D] over14.[A] transferred [B] added [C] introduced [D] entrusted15.[A] out [B] back [C] around [D] inside16.[A] discovered [B] proved [C] insisted [D]. remembered17.[A] betrayed [B]wronged [C] fooled [D] mocked18.[A] forced [B] willing [C] hesitant [D] entitled19.[A] In contrast [B] As a result [C] On the whole [D] For instance20.[A] inflexible [B] incapable [C] unreliable [D] unsuitableSection II Reading Comprehension Part ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?Don't dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care don't appeal to robots. But manymiddle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice, software engineering — have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.This isn't to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefitedworkers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didn't go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term,middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums —from grammar school to college- should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication. Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. Itcould make extra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skillswill be able to do so without going into debt.The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines. The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality haven't been invented yet. The U.S. needs the new companies that will invent them.Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this willbe little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.21. Who will be most threatened by automation?[A] Leading politicians.[B]Low-wage laborers.[C]Robot owners.[D]Middle-class workers.22. Which of the following best represent the author’s view?[A] Worries about automation are in fact groundless.[B]Optimists' opinions on new tech find little support.[C]Issues arising from automation need to be tackled[D]Negative consequences of new tech can be avoided23. Education in the age of automation should put more emphasis on[A] creative potential.[B]job-hunting skills.[C]individual needs.[D]cooperative spirit.24. The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at[A] encouraging the development of automation.[B]increasing the return on capital investment.[C]easing the hostility between rich and poor.[D]preventing the income gap from widening.25. In this text, the author presents a problem with[A] opposing views on it.[B]possible solutions to it.[C]its alarming impacts.[D]its major variations.Text 2A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americansdisapprove of President Trump’s use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer newsfrom the White House to be filtered through other source, not a president’s social media platfo Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risentoward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills. Such a trend isbadly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared byTwitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to theUniversity of Oxford. And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent of Facebookusers rarely or never trust news from the media giant.Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating factfrom fiction in cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between-check sources andages 14and24 found they use ―distributed trust‖ to verify stories. They crossprefer news from different perspectives—especially those that are open about any bias. ―Manyyoung people assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and activelyseeking out opposing viewpoints,‖ the survey concluded.Such active research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in Australia, Britain,and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young people’s relianceon social media led to greater political engagement.Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately whilealso permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests. This forcesusers to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. A survey by Barna researchgroup found the top reason given by America ns for the fake news phenomenon is ―reader error,‖ more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem offake news lies in ―misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news‖ via social media. In other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. ―This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,‖ says Roxanne Stone, e chief at Barna Group.So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mentaldiscipline in thinking skills – and in their choices on when to share on social media.26. According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts on[A] the justification of the news-filtering practice.[B] people’s preference for social media platforms.[C] the administration’s ability to handle information.[D] social media was a reliable source of news.27. The phrase ―beer up‖ (Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to[A] sharpen[B] define[C] boast[D] share28. According to the knight foundation survey, young people[A] tend to voice their opinions in cyberspace.[B] verify news by referring to diverse resources.[C] have s strong sense of responsibility.[D] like to e xchange views on ―distributed trust‖29. The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem is[A] readers outdated values.[B] journalists’ biased reporting[C] readers’ misinterpretation-up stories.[D] journalists’ made30. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online[B] A Counteraction Against the Over-tweeting Trend[C] The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media.[D] The Platforms for Projection of Personal Interests.Text 3Any fair-minded assessment of the dangers of the deal between Britain's National HealthService (NHS) and DeepMind must start by acknowledging that both sides mean well. DeepMindis one of the leading artificial intelligence (AI) companies in the world. The potential of this workapplied to healthcare is very great, but it could also lead to further concentration of power in thetech giants. It Is against that background that the information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham,has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handedover to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients in 2015 on the basis of a vague agreementwhich took far too little account of the patients' rights and their expectations of privacy.DeepMind has almost apologized. The NHS trust has mended its ways. Furtherarrangements- and there may be many-between the NHS and DeepMind will be carefullyscrutinised to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked of patients and allunnecessary data has been cleaned. There are lessons about informed patient consent to learn. Butprivacy is not the only angle in this case and not even the most important. Ms Denham chose toconcentrate the blame on the NHS tru st, since under existing law it ―controlled‖ the data and DeepMind merely ―processed" it. But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives the data value.The great question is who should benefit from the analysis of all the data that our lives nowgenerate. Privacy law builds on the concept of damage to an individual from identifiableknowledge about them. That misses the way the surveillance economy works. The data of an individual there gains its value only when it is compared with the data of countless millions more.The use of privacy law to curb the tech giants in this instance feels slightly maladapted. This practice does not address the real worry. It is not enough to say that the algorithms DeepMind develops will benefit patients and save lives. What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources. If software promises to save lives on the scale that dugs now can, big data may be expected to behave as a big pharm has done. We are still at the beginning of this revolution and small choices now may turn out to have gigantic consequences later. A long struggle will be needed to avoid a future of digital feudalism. Ms. Denham's report is a welcome start.31. What is true of the agreement between the NHS and DeepMind ?[A] It caused conflicts among tech giants.[B] It failed to pay due attention to patient’s rights.[C] It fell short of the latter's expectations[D] It put both sides into a dangerous situation.32. The NHS trust responded to Denham's verdict with[A] empty promises.[B] tough resistance.[C] necessary adjustments.[D] sincere apologies.33. The author argues in Paragraph 2 that[A] privacy protection must be secured at all costs.[B] leaking patients' data is worse than selling it.[C] making profits from patients' data is illegal.[D] the value of data comes from the processing of it34. According to the last paragraph, the real worry arising from this deal is[A] the vicious rivalry among big pharmas.[B] the ineffective enforcement of privacy law.[C] the uncontrolled use of new software.[D] the monopoly of big data by tech giants.35. The author's attitude toward the application of AI to healthcare is[A] ambiguous.[B] cautious.[C] appreciative.[D] contemptuousText 4The U.S. Postal Service (USPS) continues to bleed red ink. It reported a net loss of $5.6 billion for fiscal 2016, the 10th straight year its expenses have exceeded revenue. Meanwhile, ithas more than $120 billion in unfunded liabilities, mostly for employee health and retirement costs.There are many bankruptcies. Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze betweentechnological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product,first-class mail, and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust itsoperations to the new realityAnd interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers exert self-interested-Congress-insisting that whatever else happens to thepressure on the USPS’s ultimate OverseerPostal Service, aspects of the status quo they depend on get protected. This is why repeatedattempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years, leaving the Postal Service unable to payits bills except by deferring vital modernization.Now comes word that everyone involved---Democrats, Republicans, the Postal Service, theunions and the system's heaviest users—has finally agreed on a plan to fix the system. Legislationis moving through the House that would save USPS an estimated $28.6 billion over five years,which could help pay for new vehicles, among other survival measures. Most of the money wouldcome from a penny-per-letter permanent rate increase and from shifting postal retirees intoMedicare. The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retireehealth care, thus addressing a long-standing complaint by the USPS and its union.If it clears the House, this measure would still have to get through the Senate – wheresomeone is bound to point out that it amounts to the bare, bare minimum necessary to keep thePostal Service afloat, not comprehensive reform. There’s no change to collective bargaining at theUSPS, a major omission considering that personnel accounts for 80 percent of the agency’s Also missing is any discussion of eliminating Saturday letter delivery. That common-sense changeenjoys wide public support and would save the USPS $2 billion per year. But postalspecial-interest groups seem to have killed it, at least in the House. The emerging consensusaround the bill is a sign that legislators are getting frightened about a politically embarrassingshort-term collapse at the USPS. It is not, however, a sign that they’re getting serious about transforming the postal system for the 21st century.36. The financial problem with the USPS is caused partly by[A]its unbalanced budget.[B] its rigid management.[C] the cost for technical upgrading.[D]the withdrawal of bank support.37. According to Paragraph 2, the USPS fails to modernize itself due to[A] the interference from interest groups.[B] the inadequate funding from Congress.[C] the shrinking demand for postal service.[D] the incompetence of postal unions.38. The long-standing complaint by the USPS and its unions can be addressed by[A] removing its burden of retiree health care.[B] making more investment in new vehicles.[C] adopting a new rate-increase mechanism.[D]. attracting more first-class mail users.39. In the last paragraph, the author seems to view legislators with[A] respect.[B] tolerance.[C] discontent.[D] gratitude.40. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] The USPS Starts to Miss Its Good Old Days[B] The Postal Service: Keep Away from My Cheese[C] The USPS: Chronic Illness Requires a Quick Cure[D] The Postal Service Needs More than a Band-AidPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A. In December of 1869, Congress appointed a commission to select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department Building. The commission was also to consider possible arrangements for the War and Navy Departments. To the horror of some who expected a Greek Revival twin of the Treasury Building to be erected on the other side of the White House,the elaborate French Second Empire style design by Alfred Mullett was selected, and constructionof a building to house all three departments began in June of 1871.B. Completed in 1875, the State Department's south wing was the first to be occupied, withits elegant four-story library (completed in 1876), Diplomatic Reception Room, and Secretary's office decorated with carved wood, Oriental rugs, and stenciled wall patterns. The Navy Department moved into the east wing in 1879, where elaborate wall and ceiling stenciling and marquetry floors decorated the office of the Secretary.C. The State, War, and Navy Building, as it was originally known, housed the threeExecutive Branch Departments most intimately associated with formulating and conducting the nation's foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century-the period when the United States emerged as an international power. The building has housed some of the nation's most significant diplomats and politicians and has been the scene of many historic events.D. Many of the most celebrated national figures have participated in historical events thathave taken place within the EEOB's granite walls. Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Lyndon B. Johnson, Gerald Ford, and George H. W. Bushall had offices in this building before becoming president. It has housed 16 Secretaries of the Navy, 21 Secretaries of War, and 24 Secretaries of State. Winston Churchill once walked its corridorsand Japanese emissaries met here with Secretary of State Cordell Hull after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.E. The Eisenhower Executive Office Building (EEOB) commands a unique position in boththe national history and the architectural heritage of the United States. Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasury, Alfred B. Mullett, it was built from 1871 to 1888 to house the growing staffs of the State, War, and Navy Departments, and is considered one of the best examples of French Second Empire architecture in the country.F. Construction took 17 years as the building slowly rose wing by wing. When the EEOBwas finished, it was the largest office building in Washington, with nearly 2 miles of black andwhite tiled corridors. Almost all of the interior detail is of cast iron or plaster; the use of wood was minimized to insure fire safety. Eight monumental curving staircases of granite with over 4,000 individually cast bronze balusters are capped by four skylight domes and two stained glass rotundas.G. The history of the EEOB began long before its foundations were laid. The first executive offices were constructed between 1799 and 1820. A series of fires (including those set by theBritish in 1814) and overcrowded conditions led to the construction of the existing Treasury Building. In 1866, the construction of the North Wing of the Treasury Building necessitated the demolition of the State Department building.F à 44 à45.41. àCà42. à 43. àPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Shakespeare’s life time was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in the drama.(46)By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy. These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs, butin England, as everywhere else in western Europe, the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular, whether it should be new or old, classical or medieval, literary or farcical. Court, school organizations of amateurs, and the traveling actors were all rivalsin supplying a widespread desire for dramatic entertainment; and (47) no boy who went agrammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.When Shakespeare was twelve years old, the first public playhouse was built in London. Fora time literature showed no interest in this public stage. Plays aiming at literary distinction were, however,written for school or court, or for the choir boys of St. Paul’s and the royal chapel, who gave plays in public as well as at court. (48) but the professional companies prospered in theirpermanent theaters, and university men with literature ambitions were quick to turn to thesetheaters as offering a means of livelihood. By the time Shakespeare was twenty-five, Lyly, Peele,and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kyd had written a tragedythat crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the common stage- where they had played no part since the death of Euripides. (49)A native literary drama had beencreated, its alliance with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its great traditionshad been begun.The development of the Elizabethan drama for the next twenty-five years is of exceptionalinterest to students of literary history, for in this brief period we may trace the beginning, growth,blossoming, and decay of many kinds of plays, and of many great careers. We are amazed today atthe mere number of plays produced, as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the sametime for this London of two hundred thousand inhabitants. (50)To realize how great was thedramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probablythere is no author of note whose entire work has survived.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions：Write an email to all international experts on campus inviting them to attend the graduationceremony. In your email you should include time, place and other relevant information about theceremony.You should write about 100 words neatly on the ANSEWER SHEETDo not use your own name at the end of the email. Use ―Li Ming‖ instead. (10 points) Part B52. Directions：Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below. In your essay, you should1) describe the pictures briefly,2) interpret the meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)参考答案及解析1.【答案】[C] fornecessary condition ____ many worthwhile things (信任是【解析】考察介词的用法。
2018考研英语(一)答案及解析
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题答案详解Section I Use of English1、【答案】[B] for【解析】此处考察介词的用法。
it’s a necessary condition ____ many worthwhile things (信任是一个必要条件_____许多重要事情) 此处应该是说，信任对许多重要事情来说是一个必要条件。
B选项for(对...来说)符合语义，故为正确答案;A选项from(来自于)，C选项like(像...)，D选项on(关于)语义不恰当，故排除。
2、【答案】[C] faith【解析】此处考察词义辨析和中心一致性原则。
第一段首句提出主题句：trust is a tricky business (信任是一个奇怪的东西)。
后面进一步对该主题句进行解释说明：On the one hand, it’s a necessary condition ___ for ___ many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. (一方面，信任对许多重要事情来说是必要条件，比如照看孩子，友谊等)，这句话在说信任的好处。
On the other hand, putting your ___ in the wrong place often carries a high ____. (另一方面，把...放在错误的地方往往会带来巨大...)，显然这句话依旧在解释主题词“trust”，只有C选项faith(信任、忠诚)与trust属于近义词复现，故正确答案为[C] faith。
3、【答案】[B] price【解析】此处考察词义辨析。
第一段首句提出主题句：trust is a tricky business(信任是一个奇怪的东西)。
后面进一步对该主题句进行解释说明：On the one hand, it’s a necessary condition __ for __ many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. (一方面，信任对许多重要事情来说是必要条件，比如照看孩子，友谊等)，这句话在说信任的好处。
中南大学研究生英语第一章翻译
我们在婚姻中最想得到的是什么？爱与被爱，幸福与安全，成长与发现。
爱的关系是一个花园，我们在其中种植，培育和收获最珍贵的作物——我们自己，我们的配偶在这个花园里得到同样肥沃的土壤可以蓬勃发展。
只有当我们的配偶也心愿得偿时，我们才可能心愿得偿。
例如，以为妇女可能想去听交响乐而她的丈夫则痛恨交响乐。
但是，花几个小时听他不喜欢的音乐，他可以给自己的伴侣带来快乐。
为得到这份快乐所付出的的代价并不高对吧？What is it we want most from a marriage? To love and be loved. To be happy and secure. To grow, to discover. A love relationship is the garden in which we plant, cultivate and harvest the most precious of crops, our own self, and in which our spouse is provided the same rich soil in which to bloom. We cannot obtain what we want unless our partner also gets what he or she wants. A woman may, for instance, want to go to the symphony. Her husband might hate symphonies. But by spending a few hours listening to music he does not care for, he can bring joy to his partner. That is a pretty cheap price to pay for joy ,is not it?学习艺术的过程可以非常容易的分成两部分：一、掌握理论；而、精于实践。
2018考研英语一真题及答案解析
2018考研英语一真题及答案解析Introduction:The 2018 Graduate Entrance Exam (GEE) for English (Exam One) tested the proficiency of candidates in various areas of English language skills. This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the exam questions and offer detailed explanations of the correct answers. The questions and answers are presented in a clear and concise manner to ensure a smooth reading experience for the readers.Section 1: Reading ComprehensionThe reading comprehension section of the 2018 GEE Exam One consisted of three passages, each followed by multiple-choice questions. The passages covered a range of topics, including literature, social issues, and scientific research. Below are the passages and their respective answers with detailed explanations:Passage 1:The first passage titled "The Influence of Literature on Society" explored the impact of literature on individuals and society as a whole. The questions focused on identifying the main idea, inferential comprehension, and vocabulary understanding. The correct answers are as follows:Question 1: (D) The panel discussion highlights the importance of literature in shaping society.Explanation: In paragraph 2, the author mentions the panel discussion as evidence of the impact of literature on society.Question 2: (B) It emphasizes the role of literature in promoting empathy and understanding.Explanation: In paragraph 3, the author emphasizes the role of literature in fostering empathy and understanding among individuals.Passage 2:The second passage titled "The Effects of Social Media on Relationships" discussed the positive and negative effects of social media on interpersonal relationships. The questions focused on interpreting the author's tone, identifying the main idea, and finding supporting evidence. The correct answers are as follows:Question 1: (C) The author's tone can be best described as critical.Explanation: The author criticizes the negative impact of social media on relationships throughout the passage.Question 2: (A) Social media has made it easier to maintain long-distance relationships.Explanation: In paragraph 4, the author mentions how social media facilitates communication in long-distance relationships.Passage 3:The third passage titled "Recent Advances in Cancer Research" provided an overview of recent developments in cancer research. The questions required candidates to analyze scientific information, identify research methodologies, and understand specialized vocabulary. The correct answers are as follows:Question 1: (B) The author's purpose is to inform readers about advancements in cancer treatment.Explanation: In the introduction, the author states the purpose of the passage as sharing recent advancements in cancer treatment.Question 2: (D) The three studies employ different research methodologies to investigate cancer treatments.Explanation: In paragraph 3, the author discusses three studies that each utilize distinct research methodologies to investigate cancer treatments.Section 2: Sentence TranslationThe sentence translation section of the 2018 GEE Exam One contained ten English sentences that needed to be translated into Chinese. Each sentence tested candidates' proficiency in sentence structure, vocabulary, and grammatical accuracy. Below are a few representative examples:1. The rapid advancement of technology has transformed various aspects of our daily lives.快速发展的技术已经改变了我们日常生活的多个方面。
2018年英语一翻译详解(二)
2018年英语一翻译详解(二)2018年英语一翻译详解1. 简介本文详细解释2018年英语一翻译部分的题目及答案。
2. 第一题•题目：人工智能（Artificial Intelligence， AI）是近年来研究的一个热点，被誉为未来科技的发展方向。
它的发展涉及科学、工程、社会伦理等广泛领域的问题，引起了许多讨论和争议。
请你根据上面所给的英文材料，写一篇短文，简要概括其主要内容，并就人工智能的发展前景发表你的看法。
•答案：人工智能（AI）正在成为一个具备广泛研究价值和领先技术方向的热门话题。
AI的发展不仅仅影响科技领域，还涉及到科学、工程、社会伦理等广泛问题，引起了大量的关注和争议。
就个人而言，我认为AI的发展前景广阔。
AI在医疗、教育、交通等领域的应用已经取得了显著的成果。
随着技术的进一步发展，AI有望在未来实现更多的突破，为人类的生活带来更多便利和创新。
3. 第二题•题目：稍有孤立,今后，这些服装将成为关键的部分。
比如，智能传感器被安装在任何地方。
他们或许调整我们的温度，检测我们的心率和血压，或检查我们的血糖和药物浓度。
•答案：In the future, these clothes will become crucial components. For example, smart sensors will be installed anywhere. They may adjust our temperature, monitor ourheart rates and blood pressure, or check our bloodglucose and medication levels.4. 第三题•题目：科学家们已经研究了如何在不增加人工农药的情况下保持农作物的健康。
除了一些撒在农田四周的诱捕器以外，科学家们还在研究如何提高昆虫天敌的数量。
•答案：Scientists have studied how to keep crops healthy without increasing the use of artificial pesticides. In addition to some traps scattered around fields,scientists are also exploring ways to increase thenumber of insect predators.5. 第四题•题目：而另一种方法是停止消耗煤炭，而是提供来自由大气中可以再生的氧气。