离散数学双语专业词汇表
数学专业英语词汇（F）
数学专业英语词汇（F）f distribution f分布f ratio 方差比f space f空间f test f检定face 面face centered 面心的face centered cubic 面心立方体的face of a polyhedron 多面体面face operator 面算子factor 因子factor analysis 因子分析factor combination 因子组合factor group 商群factor groupoid 商广群factor loading 因子载荷factor matrix 因子矩阵factor model 因子模型factor module 商模factor of a polynomial 多项式的因子factor of proportionality 比例系数factor out 提出撰因子factor ring 商环factor set 商集factor space 商空间factor system 因子组factor theorem 因子定理factorability 因子可分解性factorable 可因子分解的factorial 阶乘factorial cumulant 阶乘累积量factorial design 因子设计factorial experiment 析因实验factorial notation 阶乘记号factorial of an integer 整数的阶乘factorial polynomial 阶乘多项式factorial series 阶乘级数thermocouple pyrometer 热电偶高温计factoring 因式分解factorizable 可因子分解的factorization 因式分解factorization method 因子分解方法factorization theorem 因子分解定理factorize 因子分解fair game 适当对策faithful anti representation 一一反表示faithful functor 一一的函子faithful module 一一的模faithful representation 一一表示faithfully flat ring 一一平坦环false 假的false conclusion 假结论family 族family of curves 曲线族family of elements 元素族family of functions 函数族family of orthogonal curves 正交曲线族family of planes 平面族family of sets 集族family of solutions 解族family of surfaces 曲面族fan 扇形farey series 法雷级数fast fourier transformation 快速傅里叶变换fatou lemma 法都引理favorable case 有利情形favorable event 有利事件feasible base 可行基feasible constraint 可行约束feasible control 可行控制feasible direction 可行方向feasible point 可行点feasible region 可行区域feasible restriction 可行约束feasible solution 可行解feeble solution 弱解fermat last theorem 费马最后定理fermat number 费马数fermat spiral 费马螺线fermat theorem 费马定理feynman integral 费曼积分fiber 纤维fiber bundle 纤维丛fiber map 纤维映射fiber preserving mapping 保纤映射fiber space 纤维空间fibonacci number 斐波那契数fibring 纤维空间fiducial distribution 置信分布fiducial estimation 置信估计fiducial inference 置信推理fiducial limit 置信限fiducial probability 置信概率fiducial region 置信区域field 域;场field of algebraic functions 代数函数域field of constants 常数域field of definition 定义域field of events 事件场field of extremals 极值曲线场field of forces 力场field of numbers 数域field of rational functions 有理函数域field of rationals 有理数域field of real numbers 实数域field of scalars 系数域field of sets 集域field theory 域论;场论figure 图形filter 滤子filter base 滤子基filtered category 滤子化范畴filtered degree 滤子化次数filtered group 过滤群filtering 过滤filtration 过滤final decision 最后判决final functor 尾函子final state 终态final topology 终拓扑fine sheaf 强层fine topology 细拓扑fineness 细度finer topology 较细拓扑finish time 终止时间finite automaton 有限自动机finite base 有限基finite cardinal 有限基数finite constructibility 有限可构成性finite continued fraction 有限连分数finite cyclic group 有限循环群finite definability 有限可定义性finite difference approximation 有限差分逼近finite difference equation 有限差分方程finite dimensional 有限维的finite dimensional extension field 有限维扩张域finite dimensional operator 有限维算子finite discontinuity 有限不连续性finite element method 有限元法finite equation 有限方程finite extension 有限维扩张域finite field 有限域finite function 有限函数finite game 有限对策finite group 有限群finite induction 有限归纳法finite mathematics 有限数学finite measure 有限测度finite model 有限模型finite multiplier 有限乘数finite nilpotent group 有限幂零群finite number plane 有限数平面finite ordinal number 有限序数finite part 有限部分finite partition 有限划分finite point 有限点finite presentation 有限表示finite progression 有限级数finite quantity 有限量finite sequence 有限序列finite series 有限级数finite set 有限集finite sum 有限和finite valued function 有限值函数finitely additive 有限加性的finitely additive measure 有限加性测度finitely cocomplete category 有限共完全范畴finitely complete category 有限完全范畴finitely generatable vector space 有限可生成向量空间finitely generated abelian group 有限生成阿贝耳群finitely generated algebra 有限生成代数finitely generated extension field 有限生成扩张域finitely generated group 有限生成群finitely generated ideal 有限生成理想finitely generated module 有限生成模finitely presented 有限出现的finitely presented group 有限出现群finitely representable 有限可表示的finitely valued function 有限值函数finiteness 有限性finiteness principle 有限性原理finiteness theorem 有限性原理finsler manifold 芬斯莱廖first approximation 首次近似first axiom of countability 第一可数性公理first boundary condition 狄利克雷边界条件first boundary value problem 狄利克雷问题first class 第一类first comparison test 第一比较检验first derivative 一阶导数first fundamental form 第一基本形式first fundamental form of surface 曲面的第一基本形式first integral 初积分first isomorphism theorem 同态定理first mean value theorem 平均值定理first obstruction 第一障碍类first order theory 一阶理论first quadrant 第一象限first quartile 第一四分位数first term 首项first theorem of the mean 第一平均值定理fisher z distribution 费歇耳z分布fitted curve 拟合曲线fitting 拟合five color theorem 五色定理five figure 五位数的five point finite difference scheme 五点有限差分格式five sided 五面的fix 固定fixed element 不变元fixed error 偏倚fixed point 定点fixed point calculation 定点计算fixed point method 不动点法fixed point of mapping 映射的不动点fixed point representation 定点表示法fixed point theorem 不动点定理fixed sample 固定样本fixed vector 固定向量flabby resolution 松弛分解flabby sheaf 散射层flag 旗flag manifold 旗廖flat morphism 平坦射flat point 平坦点flat space 平坦空间flat surface 平面flatness 平坦性flecnode 拐结点flex 拐点floating point 浮点floating point calculation 浮点记数法floating point notation 浮点记数法floating point representation 浮点记数法flow 流flow line 吝flow of scalar field 纯量场的流flow problem 潦题fluctuation 起状fluent 变数fluid 铃fluid dynamics 铃动力学fluid mechanics 铃力学flux 量flux of the vector 量fluxion 导数focal axis 焦轴focal chord 焦弦focal circle 焦圆focal conic 焦点圆锥曲线focal distance 焦距focal length 焦距focal line 焦线focal plane 焦平面focal point 焦点focal radius 焦半径focal strip 焦带focal surface 焦曲面focus 焦点focus of a parabola 抛物线的焦点fold singularity 折奇性folding 卷积foliated manifold 叶状廖foliation 叶状结构folium 叶形线folium of descartes 笛卡儿叶形线follow 跟foot 垂足foot of a perpendicular 垂足force 力force function 力函数force of gravity 重力force of inertia 惯性力force polygon 力的多角形force triangle 力三角形force vector 力向量forced oscillation 受迫振动forced vibration 受迫振动forcing method 力迫法forecasting 预报form 形式formal 形式的formal derivative 形式导数formal language 形式语言formal logic 形式逻辑formal model 形式模型formal power series 形式幂级数formal system 形式系统formally real field 形式实域formation 形成formation rule 形成规则formless 无形状的formula 公式formula language 公式语言formula of computation 计算公式formula of propositional logic 命题逻辑公式formulate 公式化formulation 用公式表示forward difference 前向差分forward difference operator 前向差分算子forward difference quotient 前向差商forward solution 前向解法foundation 基础foundation of geometry 几何基础foundations of geometry 几何基础foundations of mathematics 数学基础four address 四地址的four address instruction 四地址指令four color conjecture 四色猜想four color problem 四色问题four color theorem 四色定理four digit 四位的four dimensional 四维的four dimensionality 四维性four fold table 四重表four vector 四元向量four vertex theorem 四顶点定理fourier analysis 傅里叶分析fourier analyzer 傅里叶分析仪fourier bessel series 傅里叶贝塞耳级数fourier bessel transformation 汉克尔变换fourier coefficient 傅里叶系数fourier cosine transform 傅里叶余弦变换fourier expansion 傅里叶展开fourier integral 傅里叶积分fourier integral equation 傅里叶积分方程fourier integral theorem 傅里叶积分定理fourier kernel 傅里叶核fourier series 傅里叶级数fourier sine transform 傅里叶正弦变换fourier synthesis 傅里叶综合法fourier transform 傅里叶变换fourierstieltjes transform 傅里叶斯蒂尔吉斯变换fractal 分形fractal dimension 分形维数fraction 分数fraction in lowest terms 最简分数fractional derivative 分数导数fractional equation 分数方程fractional exponent 分式指数fractional function 分数函数fractional ideal 分式理想fractional integral 分数次积分fractional number 分数fractional part 分数部分fractional rational function 分数有理函数fractional replication 分数配置fractionary ideal 分式理想frame 架frechet derivative 弗雷谢导数frechet differentiable function 弗莱谢可微函数frechet differential 弗雷谢微分frechet space f空间fredholm alternative 弗雷德霍姆择一fredholm alternative theorem 弗雷德霍姆择一定理fredholm determinant 弗雷德霍姆行列式fredholm integral equation 弗雷德霍姆积分方程fredholm operator 弗雷德霍姆算子fredholm point 弗雷德霍姆点fredholm radius 弗雷德霍姆半径fredholm type integral equation 弗雷德霍姆型积分方程free decision variable 自由决策变量free end 自由端free group 自由群free groupoid 自由广群free index 自由指标free liberty 自由可动性free mobility 自由可动性free monoid 自由独异点free optimization problem 自由最优化问题free product 自由积free semigroup 自由半群free subscript 自由添标free ultrafilter 自由超滤子free variable 自由变量free vector 自由向量frequency 频率frequency curve 频率曲线frequency diagram 频率图frequency distribution 频率分布frequency function 频率函数frequency polygon 频数多边形frequency theory of probability 概率的频率论fresnel integral 菲涅耳积分friction 摩擦frobenius algebra 弗罗宾尼斯代数frobenius automorphism 弗罗宾尼斯自同构frobenius group 弗罗宾尼斯群front 前面frontier 边界frontier point 边界点frustum of a paraboloid 平截头抛物面体frustum of cone 平截头圆锥体frustum of pyramid 截棱锥fubini theorem 富比尼定理fuchsian function 富克斯函数fuchsian group 富克斯群fulcrum 支点full inhomogeneous lorentz group 完全非齐次洛伦茨群full line 实线full linear group 全线性群full solid angle 完全立体角full subcategory 完全子范畴full unimodular group 完全幺模群fully faithful 完全一一的fully faithful functor 完全一一函子fully normal space 仿紧空间fully reducible star body 完全可约星形体fully transitive group 全可迁群function 函数function algebra 函数代数function chart 函数尺function code 操纂function constant 函数常数function continuous on the right 右连续函数function field 函数域function of bounded variation 有界变差函数function of class 类函数function of complex variable 复变函数function of confluent type 合镣函数function of function 合成函数function of n variables n元函数function of one variable 一元函数function of several real variables 多实元函数function of several variables 多元函数function of third order 三阶函数function of unbounded variation 无界变差函数function representation 函数表示function sequence 函数序列function series 函数级数function space 函数空间function symbol of n arguments n变数函数符号function theoretic 函数论的function theoretic null set 函数论的零集function theory 函数论function value 函数值function variable 函数变数functional 泛函functional analysis 泛函分析functional calculus 函项演算functional constant 函数常数functional dependence 函数相关functional determinant 函数行列式functional differential equation 泛函微分方程functional equation 函数方程functional expression 函数式functional matrix 函数矩阵functional relation 函数关系functional scale 函数尺functional space 函数空间functional symbol 函数符号functional transformation 泛函变换functionelement 函数元素functor 函子fundamental 基本的fundamental class 基本类fundamental cocycle 基本上循环fundamental conjunction 基本合取fundamental constants 基本常数fundamental curve 基本曲线fundamental cycle 基本闭链fundamental determinant 基本行列式fundamental discriminant 基本判别式fundamental domain 基本域fundamental element 基本元素thermocouple pyrometer 热电偶高温计fundamental equations 基本方程fundamental form 基本形式fundamental formulae 基本公式fundamental frequency 基频fundamental function 特寨数fundamental group 基本群fundamental groupoid 基本广群fundamental homology class 基本同掂fundamental identity 基本恒等式fundamental invariant 基本不变量fundamental law 基本律fundamental lemma 基本引理fundamental lemma of calculus of variation 变分法的基本引理fundamental matrix 基本矩阵fundamental net 基本有向点族fundamental parallelepipedon 基本平行六面体fundamental period 基本周期fundamental period parallellogram 基本周期平行四边形fundamental period parallelogram 原始周期平行四边形fundamental point 基本点fundamental polygon 基本多角形fundamental sequence 柯悟列fundamental set 基本集fundamental solution 基本解fundamental surface 基本曲面fundamental system of solutions 基本解组fundamental tensor 基本张量fundamental tetrahedron 基本四面体fundamental theorem 基本定理fundamental theorem of algebra 代数基本定理fundamental theorem of calculus 微积分基本定理fundamental transformation 基本变换fundamental unit 基本单位fundamentals 原理fuzzy set 模糊集。
《离散数学》双语教学 第一章 真值表,逻辑和证明
《离散数学》双语教学第一章真值表，逻辑和证明《离散数学》双语教学第一章真值表，逻辑和证明CHAPTER 1TRUTH TABLES, LOGIC, AND PROOFSGlossarystatement, proposition:命题 logical connective:命题联结词compound statement:复合命题 propositional variable:命题变元negation:否定(式)truth table:真值表conjunction:合取 disjunction:析取 propositional function:命题公式fallacy: 谬误syllogism:三段论universal quantification:全称量词化 existential quantification:存在量词化 hypothesis(premise): 假设～前提～前件 conditional statement, implication:条件式～蕴涵式 consequent, conclusion:结论～后件 converse:逆命题contrapositive:逆否命题biconditional, equivalence:双条件式～等价(逻辑)等价的 logically equivalent:contingency:可满足式tautology:永真式(重言式)contradiction, absurdity:永假(矛盾)式 logically follow:是…的逻辑结论 argument:论证axioms:公理第 1 页共 47 页 2010-12-27《离散数学》双语教学第一章真值表，逻辑和证明 postulate:公设rules of reference:推理规则modus ponens:肯定律 modus tollens:否定律reductio ad absurdum:归谬律proof by contradiction:反证法counterexample:反例 minterm:极小项disjunctive normal form:主析取范式maxterm:极大项conjunctive normal form:主合取范式第 2 页共 47 页 2010-12-27《离散数学》双语教学第一章真值表，逻辑和证明本章内容及教学要点:1.1 Statements and Connectives教学内容:statements(propositions)～compound statement～connectives:negation～conjunction～disjunction～truth tables 1.2 Conditional Statements教学内容:implications(conditional statements)～biconditional～equivalent～and quantifications1.3 Equivalent Statements教学内容:logical equivalence～converse～inverse～contrapositive～tautology～contradiction(absurdity)～contingency～properties of logical connectives1.4 Axiomatic Systems: Arguments and Proofs教学内容:rules of reference～augument～valid argument～hypotheses～premises～law of detachment(modus ponens)～syllogism～modus tollens～addition～proof by contradiction 1.5 Normal Forms教学内容:minterm～disjunctive normal form～maxterm～conjunctive normal form定理证明及例题解答第 3 页共 47 页 2010-12-27《离散数学》双语教学第一章真值表，逻辑和证明Logic, developed by Aristotle, has been used through the centuries in the development of many areas of learning including theology, philosophy, and mathematics. It is the foundation on which the whole structure of mathematics is built. Basically it is the science of reasoning, which may allow us to determine statements about mathematics whether are true or false based on a set of basic assumptions called axioms. Logic is also used in computer science to construct computer programs and to show that programs do what they are designed to do.逻辑学是研究人的思维形式的科学. 而数理逻辑是逻辑学的一个重要分支～是用数学形式化的方法研究思维规律的一门学科. 由于它使用了一套符号来简洁地表达出各种推理的逻辑关系～故它又称符号逻辑.数理逻辑用数学方法研究推理、利用符号体系研究推理过程中前提和结论之间的关系. 数理逻辑的主要内容:逻辑演算(L和L)、公理化集合论、模型论、S p构造主义与证明论. 数理逻辑在电子线路、机器证明、自动化系统、编译理论、算法设计方法方面有广泛的应用.The rules of logic specify the meaning of mathematicalstatements. Logic is the basis of all mathematical reasoning, and it has practical applications to the design of computing machines, to system specifications, to artificial intelligence(AI), to computer programming, to programming languages, and to other areas of computer science, as well as to many other fields of study.第 4 页共 47 页 2010-12-27《离散数学》双语教学第一章真值表，逻辑和证明1.1 Statements and Connectivess(命题和联结词)命题逻辑研究的对象是命题及命题之间的逻辑关系.Propositions are the basic building blocks of logic. Many mathematical statements are constructed by combining one or more propositions.定义1.1.1 A proposition is a statement or declarative sentence that is either true or false, but not both,命题是一个非真即假的陈述句,.因此不能判断真假的陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句都不是命题.,1, The true or false value assigned to a statement is called its truth value; (一个命题的真或假称为命题的真值. 真用T或1表示～假用F或0表示),2, 一个陈述句有真值与是否知道它的真假是两回事.例1.1.1 判断下列语句是不是命题,若是～给出命题的真值: (1) 陕西师大不是一座工厂.(2) 你喜欢唱歌吗,(3) 给我一块钱吧:(4) 我不是陕西师大的学生.(5) 我正在说谎.Logical connectives(命题联结词)数理逻辑的特点是并不关心具体某个命题的真假～而是将逻辑推理变成类似数学演算的形式化过程, 关心的是命题之间的关联性. 因此需要进行命题符号化.命题联结词的作用是为了将简单命题组合成复合命题.We will now introduce the logical connectives that are used to form new propositions from existing propositions. And once truth values have been assigned to simple propositions, we can progress to more complicated compound statements.A statement that contains no connectives is called a simple第 5 页共 47 页 2010-12-27《离散数学》双语教学第一章真值表，逻辑和证明statement. We will use p,q,r…to represent simple statements(简单命题就是简单陈述句～用字母p,q,r…(或带下标)表示),Sometimes, the letters p,q,r,s,…are used to denote propositional variables that can be replacedby statements(命题变元:可以用命题代替的变元).A statement that contains logical connectives(命题联结词) is called compound statements(复合命题). In general, a compound statement may have many component parts, each of which is itself a statement, represented by some propositional variable. The truth of a compound proposition is determined by the truth or falsity of the component parts.propositional constant(命题常元):T(1)或F(0)～或者表示一个确定的命题,propositional variable(命题变元):可用一个特定的命题取代。
数学专业词汇英汉对照汇编
数学专业词汇英汉对照汇编数学英汉词汇AAbelian group 阿贝尔群abscissa axis 横轴absolute continuity 绝对连续absolute convergence 绝对收敛absolute value 绝对值abstract algebra 抽象代数addition 加法affine 仿射Aleph-zero 阿列夫零algebra topology 代数拓扑algorithm 算法almost everywhere ⼏乎处处almost surely ⼏乎必然alternative 互斥性analogy 类似analytic expression 解析式anomalous 反常的apex 顶点approximate calculation 近似计算associative law 结合律asymmetric line 渐近线axiom of choice 选择公理axis of abscissas 横坐标轴axis of imaginary 虚轴axis of real 实轴Bbase number 底数base of logarithmic function 对数函数的底base vectors 基向量basic element 基元素bijection 双射bilinear 双线性binary ⼆元的binomial ⼆项式biunivocal ⼀对⼀的bondage 约束boundary compact space 有界紧空间boundary condition 边界条件bounded continuous function有界连续函数bounded interval 有界区间brace ⼤括号Ccalculus of proposition 命题演算canonical form 标准型cardinal number of set 集的基数Cartesian product 笛卡尔积catalog ⽬录category of a space 空间的筹数causality 因果律center of compression 压缩中⼼central limit theorem 中⼼极限定理certain event 必然事件characteristic equation 特征⽅程characteristic value 特征值chart 图check procedure 检验步骤circumscribed 外切的class field 类域closure axioms 闭包公理cluster point 聚点丛点coefficient of autocorrelation ⾃相关系数coefficient of regression 回归系数cofactor of a determinant ⾏列式的余⼦式cohomology 上同调collinear 共线column matrix 列矩阵column rank 列秩common factor 公因⼦commutative law 交换律commutative law of addition 加法交换律commutative law of multiplication乘法交换律compact convex set 紧凸集complement of a set 集的余集complement law 补余律complete matrix space 完备度量空间complete orthogonal system 完全正交系complex analysis 复分析complex conjugate 复共轭complex field 复数域compound function 复合函数concave 凹的conclusion 结论condition 条件conditional of inequality 条件不等式conditional of equivalence 等价条件conditional of integrability 可积条件conditional convergence 条件收敛confidence interval 置信区间conjugate 共轭connectivity 连通性consistency principle ⼀致原则constant factor 常数因⼦construction 作图构造continuous function 连续函数contradiction ⽭盾contrary propositions 相反命题convergence almost everywhere⼏乎处处收敛convergence in measure 依测度收敛convergence rate 收敛速度convergence region 收敛区域converse proposition 逆命题convex closure 凸包coplanar 共⾯cosine law 余弦定律countable additivity 可列可加性critical point 临界点Ddecision theory 决策论degenerate quadratic form 退化⼆次型dense 稠密derivate 导数differential 微分dimensionality 维数discriminant 判别式disjoint 不相交的distributive law 分配率divergent infinite series 发散⽆穷级数double integral ⼆重积分dual operations 对偶运算Eefficiency estimation 有效估计eigenelement 本征元素elementary event 基本事件endomorphism ⾃同态envelope 包络equivalence class 等价类equivalent relation 等价关系even number 偶数existence and uniqueness 存在且唯⼀性expansion in series 级数展开exponent 指数extreme point 极值点Ffeasible solution 可⾏解finite additivity 有限可加性fraction 分数frequency 频率fundamental assumption 基本假定fuzzy 模糊game theory 对策论general remark ⼀般说明generalized derivatives ⼴义导数geometric significance ⼏何意义global convergence 全局收敛Hharmonic analysis 调和分析harmonics 调和函数homology 同调homotopy 同伦homomorphism 同态hyperbolic plane 双曲平⾯hypothesis 假设Iideal 理想identical element 单位元identity law 同⼀律illustrate 说明阐释implicit function 隐函数in like manner 同理in the large 全局的in the small 局部的inclusion of sets 集的包含关系incompatible 互斥的不相容的independence test 独⽴性检验independent variable ⾃变量induction 归纳法归纳infinite ⽆穷⼤integral calculus 积分学integral divisor 整因⼦integrate 积分interior mapping 开映射inverse of matrix 矩阵的逆irrational root ⽆理根irreducible fraction 不可约分数irreducible polynomial 不可约多项式isolated point 孤⽴点isometric 等距的iteration method 迭代法Jjoint 连接jump discontinuity 跳跃不连续性Kkernel 核knee 拐点known quantity 已知量large by comparison 远⼤于latent vector 特征向量law of association 结合律law of causality因果律law of commutation 交换律law of contradiction ⽭盾律law of distribution 分配律law of mean 中值定理leader ⾸项limited function 有界函数linear dependence 线性相关logarithm 对数lower bound 下界Mmapping space 映射空间marginal value 临界值measure 测度metric space 度量空间monotone 单调multinomial 多项式multiplication 乘法mutual correlation 互相关mutually conjugate 相互共轭的mutually disjoint 互不相交的mutually inverse 互逆的mutually prime 互素的Nnatural logarithm ⾃然对数negate 取否定negative index 负指数negate proposition 否定命题nest of intervals 区间套neutral element 零元nonhomogeneous differential equation⾮齐次微分⽅程nonlinear boundary value problem⾮线性边值问题non-vanishing vector ⾮零向量normal space 正规空间normalized form标准型n-th power n次幂numerical analysis 数值分析Oobjective function ⽬标函数oblique line 斜线odd number 奇数odd symmetry 奇对称odevity 奇偶性one degree of freedom ⼀个⾃由度onto mapping ⾃⾝映射open covering 开覆盖opposite sign 异号optimal solution 最优解optimize 最优化order of infinity ⽆穷⼤的解ordered pair 有序偶ordinary differential equation常微分⽅程ordinary solution 通常解ordinate 纵坐标oriented circle 有向圆oriented segment 有向线段orthogonal 正交orthonormal basis 标准正交基outer measure 外测度overfield 扩张域overview 概述Ppairwise orthogonal 两两正交parabolic asymptotes 渐进抛物线parabolic curve 抛物曲线parallel 平⾏线parametric equation 参数⽅程parity 奇偶性partial sum 部分和passive 被动的path curve 轨线periodicity 周期性permutation 排列perpendicular line 垂直线piecewise 分段的plus 加point of intersection 交点population 总体的positive definite quadratic form 正定⼆次型positive number 正数potential 位势power formula 乘⽅公式prime ideal 素理想prime ring 素环primitive equation 本原⽅程primitive term 原始项principal factor method 主因⼦法principal minor 主⼦式principal of the point of accumulation聚点定理prior estimate 先验估计probability curve 概率曲线probability distribution 概率分布process of iteration 迭代法proper polynomial 特征多项式proper subset 真⼦集pure imaginary 纯虚数QQED(quod erat demonstrandum) 证毕quadrant 象限quadratic ⼆次quadratic equation with one unknown⼀元⼆次⽅程quadratic root 平⽅根qualitative analysis 定性分析quantitative analysis 定量分析quarter 四分之⼀queue discipline 排队规则quotation 引⽤引证quotient group 商群Rradial deviation 径向偏差radian 弧度radical sign 根号radius of a circle 圆的半径radius of convergence 收敛半径radius of curvature 曲率半径radix point ⼩数点random distribution 随机分布random sampling distribution 随机抽样分布randomness test 随机性检验rang of distribution 分布域rang of points 点列rank of linear mapping 线性映射的秩rank of quadratic form ⼆次型的秩rarefaction 稀疏rational proper fraction 有理真分式rationalizing denominators 有理化分母raw data 原始数据real analytic function 实解析函数real axis 实轴real variable function 实变函数reasoning by analogy 类⽐推理相似推理reciprocal 倒数reciprocal automorphism 反⾃同构reciprocal ratio 反⽐rectangular coordinates 直⾓坐标recurrence formula 递推公式recurrence relations 关系recursive function 递归函数reduction of a fraction 约分reduction to a common denominator 通分reduction to absurdity 反证法reference system 参考系reflection 反射region convergence 收敛区域regression analysis 回归分析regular function 正则函数rejection region 拒绝域relation of equivalence 等价关系relative error 相对误差relative minimum 相对极⼩值repeated integral 累积分residue class 剩余类resolution 分解reverse theorem 逆定理reversible transformation 可逆变换rigorous upper bound 严格的上界rotation axis 旋转轴roundoff error 舍⼊误差Ssample average 样本均值satisfy 满⾜scalar multiplication 数乘secondary ⼆次的辅助的次级的section 截⾯截线截点sectionally smooth 分段光滑self-conjugate subgroup 正规⼦群self-evident 显然不证⾃明semi-closure 半闭sensitivity 灵敏度separability 可分性sequence 序列series 级数series expansion 级数展开series of positive terms 正项级数shaded region 阴影区域significance level 显著性⽔平significant digits 有效数字similarity isomorphic 相似同构的simply connected region 单连通区域simulated data 模拟数据simultaneous inequalities 联⽴不等式sine curve 正弦曲线singular element 奇元素退化元素skew matrices 斜对称矩阵solid figure ⽴体形spanning set ⽣成集spherical neighborhood 球形领域stability condition 稳定性条件standard deviation 标准差stationary curve 平稳曲线statistical dependence 统计相关stochastic allocation 随机分配subadditivity 次可加性subbasis ⼦基subsequence ⼦列subtotalling 求部分和successive approximation 逐次逼近法sufficient and necessary condition 充要条件supplementary set 补集surface 曲⾯surplus variable 剩余变量symbolic function 符号函数symmetric center 对称中⼼symmetry transformation 对称变换synchronism 同步synthetic proof 综合证明Ttable of random numbers 随机数表tangent line 切线tends to infinity 趋于⽆穷term by term differentiation 逐项微分terminal check 最后校验termwise integration 逐项积分totally bounded 完全有界的transcendental equation 超越⽅程transposition 转置transverse surface 横截⾯triangle computations 三⾓形解法trisection 三等分Uultimate 最后的最终的极限unbiased estimation ⽆偏估计unconditional stability ⽆条件稳定uniform boundness ⼀致有界unilateral limits 单侧极限unique solution 唯⼀解universal proposition 全称命题unordered ⽆序的unreduced 不可约的untrivial solution ⾮零解upper integral 上积分Vvalid 有效真确valuation 赋值variance ⽅差偏差vector of unit length 单位向量velocity-time graph 速度-时间图verify 检验校验versal 通⽤的vertex 极点顶vertical 垂直的vibration 震动visual proof 图像证明直观证明volume 体积Wwave form 波形weak boundary condition 弱边界条件weighted arithmetic mean 加权算术平均whole number 整数Xx-axis x轴x-component x分量x-coordinate x坐标x-direction x⽅向Yyield estimation 合格率估计Zzero correlation 零相关zero divisor 零因⼦zone of preference for acceptance 合格域zoom up 放⼤。
离散数学双语专业词汇表
《离散数学》双语专业词汇表Abelia n group :交换（阿贝尔）群absorption property 吸收律acyclic：无（简单）回路的adjace nt vertices 令B接结点adjace nt vertices 令B接结点adjace nt vertices 令B接结点algorithm verification ：算法证明algorithm :算法alphabe t字母表alternating group：交替群an alogous类似的analysis of algorithm 算法分析antisymmetric 反对称的approach 方法，方式argument 自变量associative 可结合的associative 可结合的asymmetric 非对称的backtracking 回溯base 2 exponential function 以2 为底的指数函数basic step 基础步biconditional, equivalence 双条件式，等价bijection, one-to-one correspondence 双射，一一对应binary operation on a set A 集合 A 上的二元运算binary operation 二元运算binary relation 二元关系（complete） binary tree （完全）二元（叉）树bland meats 未加调料的肉block, cell 划分块，单元Boolean algebra 布尔代数Boolea n fun cti on：布尔函数Boolea n matrix :布尔矩阵Boolean polynomial, Boolean expression 布尔多项式（表达式）Boolean produc t 布尔乘积bounded lattice 有界格brace：花括号bridge：桥，割边by con ve ntio n：按常规，按惯例cancellation property：消去律capacity :容量cardi nality :基数，势category：类别，分类cate nation：合并，拼接ceili ng fun ction :上取整函数certain even：t 必然事件characteristic equation 特征方程characteristic function：特征函数chromaticnumber of G: G 的色数chromatic poly no mial:着色多项式circuitdesig n：线路设计circuit :回路closed under the operation 运算对…是圭寸闭的closed with respect to 对… 是圭寸闭的closure：闭包collision ：冲突coloring graphs：图的着色colum n：列combi natio n：组合com mon divisor：公因子commutative：可交换的commutative：可交换的commuter：经常往来于两地的人comparable可比较的compatible with :与… 相容compatible:相容的complement of B with respect to A：A 与B 的差集compleme nt:补元complementary relation：补关系complete graph 完全图complete match 完全匹配complete n-tree 完全n-元树component sentence 分句comp onen：分图compositi on：复合compositio n：关系的复合compound statement 复合命题con diti onal stateme nt, implicatio n：条件式，蕴涵式congruenee relation 同余关系con grue nt to：与…同余conjecture :猜想conju nctio n：合取connected连通的conn ected连通的connection 连接connectivity relation 连通性关系consecutively 相继地consequent, conclusion 结论，后件constructive proof 构造性证明contain（in）包含（于）contingency 可满足式contradiction, absurdity 永假（矛盾）式contrapositive 逆否命题conv ersatio n of flow :流的守恒converse逆命题conversely:相反地coordi nate :坐标coset: 陪集countable(uncountable:) 可数(不可数) counterexample 反例coun ti ng：计数criteria :标准，准贝U custom :惯例cut:害U cycle :回路cyclic permutatio n：循环置换，轮换de Morgan ' s laws德摩根律declarative sentence 陈述句degree of a vertex 结点的度depot：货站，仓库descendant 后代diagonal matrix:对角阵die :骰子digraph:有向图dime nsion：维(数) direct flight :直飞航班discipli ne：学科disconnected不连通的discrete graph(null graph) 零图disjoint sets：不相交集disjunction：析取dista nee距巨离distinguish 区分distributive lattice 分配格distributive :可分配的distributive :可分配的divisio n :除法dodecahedron 正十二面体domai n：定义域doubly linked l i st ：双向链表dual：对偶edge 边edge 边element, member 成员，元素empty relation 空关系empty sequence(string) 空串empty set 空集end point 端点entry(element) 元素equally likely 等可能的，等概率的equivalence class 等价类equivalent relation 等价关系Euclidian algorithm 欧几里得算法，辗转相除法Euler path(circuit) 欧拉路径(回路) event 事件everywhere defined 处处有定义的excess capacity 增值容量existence proof 存在性证明existential quantification 存在量词化expected value 期望值explicit 显式的extensively 广泛地，全面地extremal element 极值元素factor 因子factorial 阶乘finite （infinite） set ：有限（无限）集finite group :有限（阶）群floor function :下取整函数free semigroup gen erated by A 由A 生成的自由半群frequency of occurrenee 出现次数（频率） fun cti on, mapp ing, tran sformatio n：函数，映射，变换GCD（greatest com mon divisor）：最大公因子gen de：性另generalize：推广generic elemen：t 任一元素graduate schoo：l 研究生院graph：（无向）图graph：无向图greatest（least） element 最大（小）元greedy algorithm :贪婪算法group：群growth of function ：函数增长Hamiltonian path（circuit）:哈密尔顿路径（回路） hashi ng function：杂凑函数Hasse diagram 哈斯图height：树高homomorphic image：同态像homomorphism：同态hypothesis：假设，前提，前件idempote nt：等幕的idempote nt：幕等的identity function on A： A 上的恒等函数ide ntity（eleme nt）:么（单位）元iden tity :么元，单位元impossibleeve n t不可能事件in clusio n-exclusio n prin ciple :容斥原理in-degree 入度in direct method:间接证明法induction step :归纟内步in formal brand:不严格的那种inorder search 中序遍历in tersectio n：交intuitively ：直觉地in verse：逆关系in verse：逆元in verse：逆元inverter：反向器invertible function ：可逆函数invo luti on property:对合律irreflexive ：反自反的isolated vertex：孤立结点isomorphism :同构isomorphism :同构join ：，保联，并join :并Karnaugh map：卡诺图Kernel:同态核key:键Klein 4 group: Klein 四元群Konisberg Bridge problem：哥尼斯堡七桥问题Kruskal 's algorith: mKruskal 算法labeled digraph标记有向图lattice :格LCM(least common multiple):最小公倍数leaf(leave)：叶结点least upper(greatest lower) bound 上(下)确界level：层，lexicographic order：字典序likelihood ：可能性lin ear array(list):线性表lin ear graph:线性图linear homogeneous relation of degree ：k k 阶线性齐次关系lin ear order(total order):线序，全序linearly ordered set, chain 线(全)序集，链lin ked list :链表lin ked-list represe ntatio n：链表表示logarithm function to the base n 以n 为底的对数logical connective：命题联结词logically equivalent： (逻辑)等价的logically follow :是…的逻辑结论logicia n：逻辑学家loop:自回路lower order：低阶mai n diag on a：主对角线map-colori ng problem: 地图着色问题match ing fun cti on：匹配函数matching problems 匹配问题mathematical structure(system) 数学结构(系统)matrix :矩阵maximal match :最大匹酉己maximal(minimal) element :极大(小)元maximum flow:最大流mee t保交，交mee t 交minimal spanning tree：最小生成树mi nterm:极小项modular lattice :模格modulus：模modus ponens：肯定律modus toile ns：否定律mo noid :含么半群，独异点multigraph:多重图multiple :倍数multiplicati on table:运算表multi-valued function ：多值函数mutually exclusive:互斥的，不相交的n atural homomorphism :自然同态nearest neighbo:r 最邻近结点n egati on：否定（式）normal subgroup正规（不变）子群n otatio n：标记notio n：概念n-tree：n-元树n-tuple：n-元组odd（even） permutation 奇（偶）置换offspring：子女结点one to one 单射，一对一函数on to：至U上函数，满射operation on sets 集合运算optimal soluti on：最佳方法or（and, not）gate 或（与，非）门order of a group: 群的阶order relati on：序关系ordered pair: 有序对，序偶ordered tree 有序树ordered triple :有序三元组ordinance 法规out-degree 出度pare nt：父结点partial order：偏序关系partially ordered set, pose：t 偏序集partition, quotient se t 划分，商集path：路径path：通路，路径permutatio n：置换，排列pictorially ：以图形方式pige on hole prin ciple :鸽巢原理planar graph：（可）平面图plausible：似乎可能的pointer：指针Polish form：（表达式的）波兰表示polyno mial:多项式positional bi nary tree：位置二元（叉）树positional tree：位置树postorder search 后序遍历power se：幕集predicate：谓词preorder search 前序遍历prerequisite：预备知识prescribe：命令，规定Prim 's algorithmPrim 算法prime：素（数）principle of mathematical induction：（第一）数学归纳法probabilistic :概率性的probability（theory）:概率（论） product partial order：积偏序product set, Caretesian se：t 叉积，笛product:积proof by con tradict ion ：反证法proper colori ng：正规着色propositi onal fun cti on ：命题公式propositi onal variable :命题变元pseudocode 伪码（拟码）pump ing stati on：抽水站quantifier：量词quotie nt group :商群random acces：s 随机访问random selection （choose an object at random：）随机选择range：值域rational number：有理数reachability relatio n：可达性关系reasoning 推理recreational area 游乐场所recursive :递归recycle：回收，再循环reflexive closure :自反闭包reflexive:自反的regular expression 正则表达式regular graph 正规图，正则图relatio n：关系relati on ship :关系relay statio n：转送站remainder：余数representation 表示restrictio n :限希9 reverse Polish form （表达式的）逆波兰表示（left） right coset：（左）右陪集root:根，根结点rooted tree （有）根树row：行R-relative set：R 相关集rules of referenee 推理规贝Urunning time :运行时间same orde r 同阶sample space样本空间semigroup :半群sensible：有意义的sensible有意义的seque nee 序歹U sequential access 顺序访问set eorresp onding to a seque nee 对应于序列的集合set inelusion(eontainment) 集合包含set 集合siblings 兄弟结点simple eyele 简单回路simple path(eireuit) 基本路径(回路) simple path 简单路径(通路) sink 汇sophistieated 复杂的souree 源spanning tree 生成树，支撑树square matrix 方阵statement, proposition 命题storage eell 存储单元string 串，字符串strong induetion 第二数学归纳法subgraph 子图subgroup 子群sublattiee 子格submonoid 子含么半群subseript 下标subsemigroup 子半群subse t子集substituti on：替换subtree 子树summarize 总结，概括symmetric closure：对称闭包symmetric differe nee：对称差symmetric group:对称群symmetric: 对称的tacitly ：默认tautology:永真（重言）式tedious：冗长乏味的termi nology :术语the capacity of a cu：割的容量topological sort ing：拓扌卜排序transitive closure：传递闭包tran sitive:传递的transport network：运输网络tran spositi on：对换traverse 遍历，周游tree searchi ng树的搜索（遍历）tree：树truth table：真值表TSP（traveling salesperson problem）货郎担问题unary operation：一元运算undirected edge 无向边undirected edge 无向边un directed tree 无向树union 并unit element 么（单位）元universal quantification 全称量词化universal set 全集upper(lower) boun d:上(下)界value of a flow:流的值value, image：值，像，应变量Venn diagram：文氏图verbally:用言语vertex(vertices)：结点vertex(vertices)：结点，顶点virtually :几乎Warshal ' s algorithnWarshall 算法weight：权weight ：Wweighted graph：(赋)权图well-defined：良定，完全确定word:词zero elemen：t 零元。
常用离散数学名词中英文对照
常用离散数学名词中英文对照集合：set元素：element严格定义:well defined成员:member外延原理:principle of extension泛集(全集):universal set空集:empty set(null set)子集:subset文氏图:venn diagram并:union交:intersection相对补集:relative complement绝对补集:absolute complement补集:complement对偶性:duality幂等律:idempotent laws组合律:associative laws交换律:commutative laws分配律:distributive laws同一律:identity laws对合律:involution laws求补律:complement laws对偶原理:principle of duality有限集:finite set计算原理:counting principle类:class幂集:power set子类:subclass子集合:subcollection命题:proposition命题计算:proposition calculus语句:statement复合:compound子语句:substatement合取:conjunction析取:disjuction否定:negation真值表:truth table重言式:tautology矛盾:contradiction逻辑等价:logical equivalence命题代数:algebra of propositions 逻辑蕴涵:logicalimplication关系:relation有序对:ordered pair划分:parti-on偏序:partial order整除性:divisibility常规序:usual order上确界:supremum下确界:infimum上(下)界:upper(lower) bound乘积集:product set笛卡儿积:cartesian product笛卡儿平面:cartesian plane二元关系:binary relation定义域:domain值域:range相等:equality恒等关系:identity relation全关系:universal ralation空关系:empty ralation图解:graph坐标图:coordinate diagram关系矩阵:matrix of the relation 连矢图:arrow diagram有向图:directed graph逆关系:inverse relation转置:transpose复合:composition自反:reflexive对称的:symmetric反对称的:anti-symmetric可递的:transitive等价关系:equivalence relation半序关系:partial ordering relation 函数:function映射:mapping变换:transformation像点:image象:image自变量:independent variable因变量:dependent variable函数图象:graph of a function合成函数:composition function可逆函数:invertible function一一对应:one to one correspondence 内射:injective满射:surjective双射:bijective基数度:cardinality基数:cardinal number图论:graph theory多重图:multigraphy顶点:vertix(point,node)无序对:unordered pair边:edge相邻的adjacent端点:endpoint多重边:multiple edge环:loop子图:subgraph生成子图:generated subgraph平凡图:trivial graph入射:incident孤立点:isolated vertex连通性:connectivity通路:walk长度:length简单通路:chain(trail)圈:path回路:cycle连通的:connected连通分支:connected component距离:distance欧拉图:eulerian graph欧拉链路:eulerian trail哈密顿图:hamilton graph哈密顿回路:hamilton cycle货郎行程问题:traveling salesman完全图:complete graph正则图:regular graph偶图:bipartive graph树图:tree graph加权图:labeled graph同构图:isomorphic graph同构:isomorphism同胚的:homeomorphic平面图:planar graph着色问题:colortion区域:region地图:map非平面图:nonplanargraph着色图:colored graphs顶点着色:vertex coloring色散:chromatic number四色原理:four color theorem对偶地图:dual map退化树:degenerate tree生成树:spanning tree有根树:rooted tree根:root水平(深度):level(depth)叶子:leaf分支:branch有序有根树:ordered rooted tree二元运算符:binary operational symbol半群:semigroup单位元素:identity element右(左)单位元素:right(left) identity左(右)消去律:left(right) cancellation law) 逆:inverse并列:juxtaposition有限群:finite group正规子群:normal subgroup非平凡子群:nontrivial subgroup循环群:cyclic group环:ring整环:integral domain域:field交换环:commutative ring加性环:additive group汇合:meet格:lattice有界格:bounded lattice分配格:distributeve lattice补格:complemented lattice表示定理:representation theorem。
离散数学双语专业词汇表
《离散数学》双语专业词汇表set：集合subset：子集element, member：成员，元素well-defined：良定，完全确定brace：花括号representation：表示sensible：有意义的rational number：有理数empty set：空集Venn diagram：文氏图contain(in)：包含（于）universal set：全集finite (infinite) set：有限（无限）集cardinality：基数，势power set：幂集operation on sets：集合运算disjoint sets：不相交集intersection：交union：并complement of B with respect to A：A与B的差集symmetric difference：对称差commutative：可交换的associative：可结合的distributive：可分配的idempotent：等幂的de Morgan’s laws：德摩根律inclusion-exclusion principle：容斥原理sequence：序列subscript：下标recursive：递归explicit：显式的string：串，字符串set corresponding to a sequence：对应于序列的集合linear array(list)：线性表characteristic function：特征函数countable(uncountable)：可数（不可数）alphabet：字母表word：词empty sequence(string)：空串catenation：合并，拼接regular expression：正则表达式division：除法multiple：倍数prime：素（数）algorithm：算法common divisor：公因子GCD(greatest common divisor)：最大公因子LCM(least common multiple)：最小公倍数Euclidian algorithm：欧几里得算法，辗转相除法pseudocode：伪码（拟码）matrix：矩阵square matrix：方阵row：行column：列entry(element)：元素diagonal matrix：对角阵Boolean matrix：布尔矩阵join：并meet：交Boolean product：布尔乘积mathematical structure(system)：数学结构（系统）closed with respect to：对…是封闭的binary operation：二元运算unary operation：一元运算identity：么元，单位元inverse：逆元statement, proposition：命题logical connective：命题联结词compound statement：复合命题propositional variable：命题变元negation：否定（式）truth table：真值表conjunction：合取disjunction：析取quantifier：量词universal quantification：全称量词化propositional function：命题公式predicate：谓词existential quantification：存在量词化converse：逆命题conditional statement, implication：条件式，蕴涵式consequent, conclusion：结论，后件contrapositive：逆否命题hypothesis：假设，前提，前件biconditional, equivalence：双条件式，等价logically equivalent：（逻辑）等价的contingency：可满足式tautology：永真(重言)式contradiction, absurdity：永假(矛盾)式logically follow：是…的逻辑结论rules of reference：推理规则modus ponens：肯定律m odus tollens：否定律indirect method：间接证明法proof by contradiction：反证法counterexample；反例basic step：基础步principle of mathematical induction：（第一）数学归纳法induction step：归纳步strong induction：第二数学归纳法relation：关系digraph：有向图ordered pair：有序对，序偶product set, Caretesian set：叉积，笛partition, quotient set：划分，商集block, cell：划分块，单元domain：定义域range：值域R-relative set：R相关集vertex(vertices)：结点，顶点edge：边in-degree：入度out-degree：出度path：通路，路径cycle：回路connectivity relation：连通性关系reachability relation：可达性关系composition：复合reflexive：自反的irreflexive：反自反的empty relation：空关系symmetric：对称的asymmetric：非对称的antisymmetric：反对称的graph：无向图undirected edge：无向边adjacent vertices：邻接结点connected：连通的transitive：传递的equivalent relation：等价关系congruent to：与…同余modulus：模equivalence class：等价类linked list：链表storage cell：存储单元pointer：指针complementary relation：补关系inverse：逆关系closure：闭包symmetric closure：对称闭包reflexive closure：自反闭包composition：关系的复合transitive closure：传递闭包Warshal’s algorithm：Warshall算法function, mapping, transformation：函数，映射，变换argument：自变量value, image：值，像，应变量labeled digraph：标记有向图identity function on A：A上的恒等函数everywhere defined：处处有定义的onto：到上函数，满射one to one：单射，一对一函数bijection, one-to-one correspondence：双射，一一对应invertible function：可逆函数floor function：下取整函数ceiling function：上取整函数Boolean function：布尔函数base 2 exponential function：以2为底的指数函数logarithm function to the base n：以n为底的对数hashing function：杂凑函数key：键growth of function：函数增长same order：同阶lower order：低阶running time：运行时间permutation：置换，排列cyclic permutation：循环置换，轮换transposition：对换odd(even) permutation：奇（偶）置换order relation：序关系partial order：偏序关系partially ordered set, poset：偏序集dual：对偶comparable：可比较的linear order(total order)：线序，全序linearly ordered set, chain：线（全）序集，链product partial order：积偏序lexicographic order：字典序Hasse diagram：哈斯图topological sorting：拓扑排序isomorphism：同构maximal(minimal) element：极大(小)元extremal element：极值元素greatest(least) element：最大(小)元unit element：么(单位)元zero element：零元upper(lower) bound：上(下)界least upper(greatest lower) bound：上(下)确界lattice：格join：，保联，并meet：保交，交sublattice：子格absorption property：吸收律bounded lattice：有界格distributive lattice：分配格complement：补元modular lattice：模格Boolean algebra：布尔代数involution property：对合律Boolean polynomial, Boolean expression：布尔多项式（表达式）or(and, not) gate：或(与，非)门inverter：反向器circuit design：线路设计minterm：极小项Karnaugh map：卡诺图tree：树root：根，根结点rooted tree：（有）根树level：层，parent：父结点offspring：子女结点siblings：兄弟结点height：树高leaf(leave)：叶结点ordered tree：有序树n-tree：n-元树complete n-tree：完全n-元树(complete) binary tree：(完全)二元(叉)树descendant：后代subtree：子树positional tree：位置树positional binary tree：位置二元(叉)树doubly linked list：双向链表tree searching：树的搜索（遍历）traverse：遍历，周游preorder search：前序遍历Polish form：（表达式的）波兰表示inorder search：中序遍历postorder search：后序遍历reverse Polish form：（表达式的）逆波兰表示linked-list representation：链表表示undirected tree：无向树undirected edge：无向边adjacent vertices：邻接结点simple path：简单路径（通路）simple cycle：简单回路acyclic：无（简单）回路的spanning tree：生成树，支撑树Prim’s algorithm：Prim算法minimal spanning tree：最小生成树weighted graph：（赋）权图weight：树distance：距离nearest neighbor：最邻近结点greedy algorithm：贪婪算法optimal solution：最佳方法Kruskal’s algorithm：Kruskal算法graph：(无向)图vertex(vertices)：结点edge：边end point：端点relationship：关系connection：连接degree of a vertex：结点的度loop：自回路path：路径isolated vertex：孤立结点adjacent vertices：邻接结点circuit：回路simple path(circuit)：基本路径(回路) connected：连通的disconnected：不连通的component：分图discrete graph(null graph)：零图complete graph：完全图regular graph：正规图，正则图linear graph：线性图subgraph：子图Euler path(circuit)：欧拉路径(回路) Konisberg Bridge problem：哥尼斯堡七桥问题ordinance：法规recycle：回收，再循环bridge：桥，割边Hamiltonian path(circuit)：哈密尔顿路径(回路)dodecahedron：正十二面体weight：权TSP(traveling salesperson problem)：货郎担问题transport network：运输网络capacity：容量maximum flow：最大流source：源sink：汇conversation of flow：流的守恒value of a flow：流的值excess capacity：增值容量cut：割the capacity of a cut：割的容量matching problems：匹配问题matching function：匹配函数compatible with：与…相容maximal match：最大匹配complete match：完全匹配coloring graphs：图的着色proper coloring：正规着色chromatic number of G：G的色数map-coloring problem：地图着色问题conjecture：猜想planar graph：(可)平面图bland meats：未加调料的肉chromatic polynomial：着色多项式binary operation on a set A：集合A上的二元运算closed under the operation：运算对…是封闭的commutative：可交换的associative：可结合的idempotent：幂等的distributive：可分配的semigroup：半群product：积free semigroup generated by A：由A生成的自由半群identity(element)：么（单位）元monoid：含么半群，独异点subsemigroup：子半群submonoid：子含么半群isomorphism：同构homomorphism：同态homomorphic image：同态像Kernel：同态核congruence relation：同余关系natural homomorphism：自然同态group：群inverse：逆元quotient group：商群Abelian group：交换（阿贝尔）群cancellation property：消去律multiplication table：运算表finite group：有限（阶）群order of a group：群的阶symmetric group：对称群subgroup：子群alternating group：交替群Klein 4 group：Klein四元群coset：陪集(left) right coset：(左)右陪集normal subgroup：正规(不变)子群prerequisite：预备知识virtually：几乎informal brand：不严格的那种notation：标记sensible：有意义的logician：逻辑学家extensively：广泛地，全面地commuter：经常往来于两地的人by convention：按常规，按惯例dimension：维(数) compatible：相容的discipline：学科reasoning：推理declarative sentence：陈述句n-tuple：n-元组component sentence：分句tacitly：默认generic element：任一元素algorithm verification：算法证明counting：计数factorial：阶乘combination：组合pigeonhole principle：鸽巢原理existence proof：存在性证明constructive proof：构造性证明category：类别，分类factor：因子consecutively：相继地probability(theory)：概率(论) die：骰子probabilistic：概率性的sample space：样本空间event：事件certain event：必然事件impossible event：不可能事件mutually exclusive：互斥的，不相交的likelihood：可能性frequency of occurrence：出现次数(频率) summarize：总结，概括plausible：似乎可能的equally likely：等可能的，等概率的random selection(choose an object at random)：随机选择terminology：术语expected value：期望值backtracking：回溯characteristic equation：特征方程linear homogeneous relation of degree k：k阶线性齐次关系binary relation：二元关系prescribe：命令，规定coordinate：坐标criteria：标准，准则gender：性别graduate school：研究生院generalize：推广notion：概念intuitively：直觉地verbally：用言语approach：方法，方式conversely：相反地pictorially：以图形方式restriction：限制direct flight：直飞航班tedious：冗长乏味的main diagonal：主对角线remainder：余数random access：随机访问sequential access：顺序访问custom：惯例polynomial：多项式substitution：替换multi-valued function：多值函数collision：冲突analysis of algorithm：算法分析sophisticated：复杂的set inclusion(containment)：集合包含distinguish：区分analogous：类似的ordered triple：有序三元组recreational area：游乐场所multigraph：多重图pumping station：抽水站depot：货站，仓库relay station：转送站。
数学专业名词中英词汇
axis of revolution 旋转轴 axis of rotation 旋转轴 axis of symmetry 对称轴 back substitution 回代 bar chart 棒形图；条线图；条形图；线条图 base （1）底；（2）基；基数 base angle 底角 base area 底面 base line 底线 base number 底数；基数 base of logarithm 对数的底 basis 基 Bayes' theorem 贝叶斯定理 bearing 方位（角）；角方向（角） bell-shaped curve 钟形图 belong to 属于 Bernoulli distribution 伯努利分布 Bernoulli trials 伯努利试验 bias 偏差；偏倚 biconditional 双修件式; 双修件句 bijection 对射; 双射; 单满射 bijective function 对射函数; 只射函数 billion 十亿 bimodal distribution 双峰分布 binary number 二进数 binary operation 二元运算 binary scale 二进法 binary system 二进制 binomial 二项式 binomial distribution 二项分布 binomial expression 二项式 binomial series 二项级数 binomial theorem 二项式定理 bisect 平分；等分 bisection method 分半法；分半方法 bisector 等分线 ；平分线 Boolean algebra 布尔代数 boundary condition 边界条件 boundary line 界（线）；边界 bounded 有界的 bounded above 有上界的；上有界的 bounded below 有下界的；下有界的 bounded function 有界函数 bounded sequencet 括号 breadth 阔度 broken line graph 折线图 calculation 计算 calculator 计算器；计算器 calculus (1) 微积分学; (2) 演算 cancel 消法；相消 canellation law 消去律 canonical 典型; 标准 capacity 容量 cardioid 心脏 Cartesian coordinates 笛卡儿坐标 Cartesian equation 笛卡儿方程 Cartesian plane 笛卡儿平面 Cartesian product 笛卡儿积 category 类型；范畴 catenary 悬链 Cauchy sequence 柯西序列 Cauchy's principal value 柯西主值 Cauchy-Schwarz inequality 柯西 - 许瓦尔兹不等式 central limit theorem 中心极限定理 central line 中线 central tendency 集中趋 centre 中心；心 centre of a circle 圆心 centre of gravity 重心 centre of mass 质量中心 centrifugal force 离心力 centripedal acceleration 向心加速度 centripedal force force 向心力 centroid 形心；距心 certain event 必然事件 chain rule 链式法则 chance 机会 change of axes 坐标轴的变换 change of base 基的变换 change of coordinates 坐标轴的变换 change of subject 主项变换 change of variable 换元；变量的换 characteristic equation 特征(征)方程 characteristic function 特征(征)函数 characteristic of logarithm 对数的首数; 对数的定位部 characteristic root 特征(征)根
数学专业英语词汇大全
数学专业英语词汇大全Aa priori bound 先验界限a priori distribution 先验分布a priori probability 先验概率a summable a可和的abacus 算盘abbreviate 略abbreviation 简化abel equation 阿贝耳方程abel identity 阿贝耳恒等式abel inequality 阿贝耳不等式abel summation method 阿贝耳求和法abelian algebra 阿贝耳代数abelian differential 阿贝耳微分abelian equation 阿贝耳方程abelian extension 阿贝耳扩张abelian function 阿贝耳函数abelian function field 阿贝耳函数域abelian functor 阿贝耳函子abelian group 交换群abelian groupoid 阿贝耳广群abelian integral 阿贝耳积分abelian summation 阿贝耳求和法abelian theorem 阿贝耳定理abelian variety 阿贝耳簇abridge 略abridged notation 简算记号abscissa 横坐标abscissa of absolute convergence 绝对收敛坐标abscissa of summability 可和性坐标abscissa of uniform convergence 一致收敛横坐标absolute 绝对形absolute address 绝对地址absolute class field 绝对类域absolute coding 绝对编码absolute cohomology 绝对上同调absolute conic 绝对二次曲线absolute convergence 绝对收敛absolute curvature vector 绝对曲率向量absolute deviation 绝对偏差absolute differential calculus 绝对微分学absolute error 绝对误差absolute extremes 绝对极值absolute extremum 绝对极值absolute frequency 绝对频率absolute geometry 绝对几何absolute homology group 绝对同岛absolute homotopy group 绝对同伦群absolute inequality 绝对不等式absolute instability 绝对不稳定性absolute maximum 绝对极大值absolute minimum 绝对极小值absolute moment 绝对矩absolute neighborhood 绝对邻域absolute neighborhood retract 绝对邻域收缩核absolute norm 绝对范数absolute number 不名数absolute parallelism 绝对平行性absolute quadric 绝对二次曲面absolute ramification index 绝对分歧指数absolute rotation 绝对旋转absolute singular homology group 绝对奇异同岛absolute space 绝对空间absolute space time 绝对时空absolute stability 绝对稳定性absolute term 常数项absolute unit 绝对单位absolute value 绝对值absolute value sign 绝对值符号absolute velocity 绝对速度absolutely additive measure 完全加性测度absolutely compact set 绝对紧集absolutely complete system 绝对完备系absolutely continuous 绝对连续的absolutely continuous distribution 绝对连续分布absolutely continuous function 绝对连续函数absolutely continuous measure 绝对连续测度absolutely continuous part 绝对连续部分absolutely continuous transformation 绝对连续变换absolutely convergent 绝对收敛的absolutely convergent integral 绝对收敛积分absolutely convergent series 绝对收敛级数absolutely convex hull 绝对凸包absolutely discontinuous function 绝对不连续函数absolutely integrable 绝对可积的absolutely irreducible character 绝对不可约特征absolutely irreducible representation 绝对不可约表示absolutely irreducible variety 绝对不可约簇absolutely normal number 绝对范数absolutely prime ideal 绝对素理想absolutely semisimple algebra 绝对半单代数absolutely simple group 绝对单群absolutely summable sequence 绝对可和序列absolutely unbiased estimator 绝对无偏估计量absolutely unramified extension 绝对非分歧扩张absorbing barrier 吸收障碍absorbing medium 吸收媒体absorbing set 吸收集absorbing state 吸收态absorption 吸收absorption coefficient 吸收系数absorption curve 吸收曲线absorption factor 吸收因数absorption index 吸收指数absorption law 吸收律absorption probability 吸收概率abstract 抽象的abstract algebra 抽象代数abstract algebraic geometry 抽象代数几何abstract automaton 抽象自动机abstract category 抽象范畴abstract code 理想码abstract complex 抽象复形abstract group 抽象群abstract interval function 抽象区间函数abstract mathematics 抽象数学abstract number 不名数abstract ordered simplicial complex 抽象有序单纯复形abstract simplex 抽象单形abstract simplicial subcomplex 抽象单子复形abstract space 抽象空间abstraction 抽象abstraction operator 抽象算子absurd 谬论的absurdity 谬论abundance ratio 丰度比abundant number 过剩数accelerated motion 加速运动acceleration 加速度acceleration of convergence 收敛性的加速acceleration of gravity 重力加速度acceptable quality level 合格质量水平acceptance 肯定acceptance inspection 接受检查acceptance limit 接受界限acceptance line 接受线acceptance number 接受数acceptance probability 接受概率acceptance region 接受区域acceptance zone 接受带access 存取access speed 存取速度access time 存取时间accessibility 可达性accessible boundary point 可达边界点accessible ordinal number 可达序数accessible point 可达点accessible set 可达集accessible vertex 可达顶点accessory extremal 配连极值accidental 偶然的accidental coincidence 偶然符合accidental error 随机误差accommodation 第accumulated error 累积误差accumulating point 聚点accumulation 累积accumulation point 聚点accumulator 累加器存储器accuracy 准确性accuracy grade 准确度accuracy of measurement 测量精确度accuracy rating 准确度acnod 孤点acount 计算action integral 酌积分action variable 酌变量active restriction 有效限制actual 真实的actual infinity 实无穷acute 尖锐的acute angle 锐角acute angled triangle 锐角三角形acute triangle 锐角三角形acuteness 锐度acyclic 非循环的acyclic complex 非循环复形acyclic graph 环道自由图acyclic model theorem 非循环模型定理ad infinitum 无穷地adams circle 阿达姆斯圆adams extrapolation method 阿达姆斯外插法adaptability 适应性adaptation 适应adapted basis 适应基add 加added circuit 加法电路addend 加数adder 加法器addition 加法addition formulas 加法公式addition sign 加号addition system 加法系addition table 加法表addition theorem 加法定理addition theorem of probability 概率的加法定理additional 加法的additional code 附加代码additional condition 附加条件additional error 附加误差additive 加法的additive category 加性范畴additive class 加性类additive functional 加性泛函数additive functional transformation 加性泛函变换additive group 加法群additive interval function 加性区间函数additive inverse element 加性逆元素additive number theory 堆垒数论additive operator 加性算子additive process 加性过程additive relation 加性关系additive separable 加法可分的additive theory of numbers 堆垒数论additive valuation 加法赋值additively commutative ordinal numbers 加性交换序数additivity 加法性address 地址address part 地址部分address register 地址寄存器addressing 指定箱位adele 阿代尔adele group 阿代尔群adequate 适合的adherent point 触点adhesion 附着adjacency 邻接adjacency matrix 邻接矩阵adjacent angles 邻角adjacent edge 邻棱adjacent side 邻边adjacent supplementary angles 邻角adjacent vertex 邻顶adjoint boundary value problem 伴随边值问题adjoint determinant 伴随行列式adjoint difference equation 伴随差分方程adjoint differential equation 伴随微分方程adjoint differential expression 伴随微分式adjoint form 伴随形式adjoint function 伴随函数adjoint functor 伴随函子adjoint graph 导出图adjoint group 伴随群adjoint hilbert problem 伴随希耳伯特问题adjoint integral equation 伴随积分方程adjoint kernel 伴随核adjoint linear map 伴随线性映射adjoint matrix 伴随阵adjoint operator 伴随算子adjoint process 伴随过程adjoint representation 伴随表示adjoint space 伴随空间adjoint surface 伴随曲面adjoint system 伴随系adjoint system of differential equations 微分方程的伴随系adjoint transformation 伴随算子adjoint vector 伴随向量adjunct 代数余子式adjunction 附加adjunction of an identity element 单位元的附加adjustable point 可胆点adjustment 蝶admissibility limit 容许界限admissible 容许的admissible category 容许范畴admissible chart 容许图admissible control 可行控制admissible decision function 容许判决函数admissible decision rule 容许判决函数admissible deformation 容许形变admissible domain 容许区域admissible function 容许函数admissible homomorphism 容许同态admissible hypothesis 容许假设admissible lifting 容许提升admissible map 容许映射admissible sequence 容许序列admissible space 容许空间admissible strategy 容许策略admissible subgroup 容许子群admissible test 容许检定admissible value 容许值affine algebraic set 仿射代数集affine collineation 仿射直射变换affine connection 仿射联络affine coordinates 平行坐标affine curvature 仿射曲率affine differential geometry 仿射微分几何学affine distance 仿射距离affine figure 仿射图形affine function 仿射函数affine geometry 仿射几何学affine group 仿射群affine group scheme 仿射群概型affine isothermal net 仿射等温网affine length 仿射长度affine line 仿射直线affine normal 仿射法线affine parameter 仿射参数affine principal curvature 仿射助率affine rational transformation 仿射有理变换affine space 仿射空间affine sphere 仿射球面affine surface 仿射曲面affine transformation 仿射变换affine variety 仿射簇affinely connected manifold 仿射连通廖affinely connected space 仿射连通空间affinity 仿射变换affirmation 肯定affirmative proposition 肯定命题affix 附标after effect 后效酌aggregate 集aggregation 聚合agreement 一致air coordinates 空间坐标airy function 亚里函数airy integral 亚里积分aitken interpolation 艾特肯插值aitken interpolation formula 艾特肯插值公式albanese variety 阿尔巴内斯簇aleph 阿列夫aleph zero 阿列夫零alexander cohomology module 亚历山大上同担alexander cohomology theory 亚历山大上同帝alexander matrix 亚历山大阵alexander polynomial 亚历山大多项式algebra 代数学algebra of events 事件场algebra of logic 逻辑代数algebra of tensors 张量代数algebra over k 环k上的代数algebraic 代数的algebraic adjunction 代数的附加algebraic affine variety 仿射代数集algebraic algebra 代数的代数algebraic branch point 代数分歧点algebraic calculus 代数计算algebraic closure 代数闭包algebraic closure operator 代数闭包算子algebraic complement 代数余子式algebraic cone 代数锥algebraic correspondence 代数对应algebraic curve 代数曲线algebraic equation 代数方程algebraic expression 代数式algebraic extension 代数扩张algebraic form 代数形式algebraic fraction 代数分式algebraic function 代数函数algebraic function field 代数函数域algebraic geometry 代数几何学algebraic group 代数群algebraic hull 代数包algebraic hypersurface of the seconed order 二阶代数超曲面algebraic integer 代数整数algebraic irrational number 代数无理数algebraic lie algebra 代数的李代数algebraic logic of pocket calculator 袖珍计算机的代数逻辑algebraic multiplicity 代数重度algebraic number 代数数algebraic number field 代数数域algebraic number theory 代数数论algebraic operation 代数运算algebraic polynomial 代数多项式algebraic singularity 代数奇点algebraic space 代数空间algebraic spiral 代数螺线algebraic structure 代数结构algebraic sum 代数和algebraic surface 代数曲面algebraic system 代数系algebraic variety 代数簇algebraically closed field 代数闭域algebraically dependent elements 代数相关元algebraically equivalent 代数等价的algebraically independent elements 代数无关元algebraization 代数化algebro geometric 代数几何的algebroid function 代数体函数algebroidal function 代数体函数algorithm 算法algorithm of division 辗转相除法algorithm of euclid 欧几里得算法algorithm theory 算法论algorithmic language 算法语言algorithmization 算法化aligned systematic sampling 列系统抽样alignment chart 列线图aliquot part 整除部分alligation 混合法allocation problem 配置问题allowable 容许的allowable defects 容许靠allowable error 容许误差allowance 允许almost all 几乎处处almost bounded function 殆有界函数almost certain convergence 几乎必然收敛almost complex manifold 殆复廖almost convergent sequence 殆收敛序列almost equivalent 殆等价almost everywhere 几乎处处almost impossible event 殆不可能事件almost invariant set 殆不变集almost periodic function 殆周期函数almost periodicity 殆周期性almost significant 殆显著的alpha capacity 容量alpha limit set 极限集alphabetical 字母的alphanumeric 字母数字式alphanumeric representation of information 信息的字母数字表示alternate angles 错角alternating chain 交错链alternating differential form 外微分形式alternating differential of differential form 微分形式的交错微分alternating direction method 交替方向法alternating form 交错形式alternating function 反对称函数alternating group 交错群alternating harmonic series 莱布尼兹级数alternating knot 交错纽结alternating matrix 交错矩阵alternating method 交错法alternating product 外积alternating sequence 交错序列alternating series 交错级数alternating series test 交错级数检验alternating sum 交错和alternating tensor 交错张量alternating tensor density 交错张量密度alternating tree 交错树alternation 交错alternative 交错;择一alternative algebra 交错代数alternative field 交错域alternative hypothesis 择一假设alternative normal form 析取范式alternative proposition 选言命题altitude 高度altitude theorem 高度定理amalgamated product 融合积amalgamated subcategory 融和子范畴amalgamation 合并ambient space 环绕空间ambiguous point 歧点amicable numbers 亲和数amount 量amphicheiral knot 双向纽结ample divisor 丰富除子amplitude 振幅;角amplitude of a complex number 复数角analog computer 模拟计算机analogous 类似的analogue display 相似表示analogue method 相似法analogy 类似analysis 数学分析analysis of time series 时间序列分析analysis of variance 方差分析analytic 分析的analytic arc 解析弧analytic completion 解析开拓analytic continuation 解析开拓analytic curve 解析曲线analytic dynamics 分析动力学analytic expression 解析式analytic function 分析函数analytic function of several variables 多元解析函数analytic geometry 分析几何学analytic index 解析指数analytic manifold 解析廖analytic method 解析法analytic prime number theory 解析素数论analytic proof 解析证明analytic proposition 解析命题analytic set 解析集analytic space 解析空间analytic transformation 解析变换analytical differential 解析微分analytical geometry 分析几何学analytical hierarchy 解析分层analytical mapping 全纯映射analytical transformation 全纯映射analytically continuable 可解析开拓的analytically independent 解析无关的analytically irreducible variety 解析不可约簇analytically representable function 解析可表示的函数anastigmatic 去象散的anchor ring 环面ancillary statistic 辅助统计量and circuit 与电路andre permutation 安得列置换andre polynomial 安得列多项式anger function 安格尔函数angle 角angle at center 圆心角angle between chord and tangent 弦和切线的角angle function 角函数angle of 落后角angle of advance 超前角angle of attack 迎角angle of contact 接触角angle of contingence 切线角angle of declination 俯角angle of diffraction 衍射角angle of incidence 入射角angle of inclination 斜角angle of intersection 相交角angle of lead 超前角angle of reflection 反射角angle of refraction 折射角angle of rotation 旋转角angle of torsion 挠率角angle preserving 保角的angle preserving map 保角映象angular 角的angular acceleration 角加速度angular coefficient 角系数angular coordinates 角坐标angular correlation 角相关angular derivative 角微商angular dispersion 角色散angular displacement 角位移angular distance 角距angular distribution 角分布angular domain 角域angular excess 角盈angular frequency 角频率angular magnification 角放大率angular measure 角测度angular metric 角度量angular momentum 角动量angular momentum conservation law 角动量守恒律angular motion 角运动angular neighborhood 角邻域angular transformation 角变换angular unit 角的单位angular velocity 角速度anharmonic oscillation 非低振动anharmonic ratio 交比anisotropic 蛤异性的anisotropic body 蛤异性体anisotropy 蛤异性annihilator 零化子annular 环annulator 零化子annulus 圆环anomalous magnetic moment 反常磁矩anomalous propagation 反常传播anomalous scattering 反常散射anomaly 近点角antecedent 前项anti automorphism 反自同构anti hermitian form 反埃尔米特形式anti isomorphic lattice 反同构格anti isomorphism 反同构anti position 反位置anti reflexiveness 反自反性anti semiinvariant 反半不变量antianalytic function 反解析函数antichain 反链anticlockwise 逆时针的anticlockwise revolution 逆时针回转anticlockwise rotation 逆时针回转anticoincidence 反重合anticoincidence method 反重法anticommutation 反交换anticommutative 反交换的anticommutativity 反交换性anticommutator 反换位子antiderivative 不定积分的antiholomorphic 反全纯的antihomomorphism 反同态antiisomorphy 反同构antilinear 反线性的antilinear mapping 反线性映射antilinear transformation 反线性变换antilogarithm 反对数antimode 反方式antimodule 反模antinode 反结点antinomy 二律背反antiorder homomorphism operator 反序同态算子antiordered set 反有序集合antiparallel 逆平行的antiplane 反平面antipodal map 对映映射antipodal point 对映点antipodal set 对映集antipode 对映点antipoints 反点antiradical 反根式antiresonance 反共振antisymmetric 反对称的antisymmetric function 反对称函数antisymmetric matrix 反对称矩阵antisymmetric relation 反对称关系antisymmetric tensor 反对称张量antisymmetrical state 反对称态antithesis 反题antitone mapping 反序映射antitone sequence 反序列antitonic function 反序函数antitonicity 反序性antitony 反序性antitrigonometric function 反三角函数antiunitary 反酉的aperiodic damping 非周期衰减aperiodic motion 非周期运动aperiodicity 非周期性aperture ratio 口径比apex 顶点apex angle 顶角apical angle 顶角apolar 非极性的apolarity 从配极性apothem 边心距apparent error 貌似误差apparent force 表观力apparent motion 表观运动apparent orbit 表观轨迹apparent singularity 貌似奇性application 应用applied mathematics 应用数学applied mechanics 应用力学approach 接近approach infinity 接近无穷大approximability 可逼近性approximable 可逼近的approximate 近似的;使近似approximate calculation 近似计算approximate construction 近似准approximate continuity 近似连续性approximate derivative 近似导数approximate differentiability 近似可微性approximate differential 近似微分approximate formula 近似公式approximate integration 近似积分approximate limit 近似极限approximate lower semi continuity 近似下半连续性approximate method 近似法approximate number 近似数approximate partial derivative 近似偏导函数approximate partial derived function 近似偏导函数approximate partial differential 近似偏微分approximate solution 近似解approximate total differentiability 近似全可微性approximate total differential 近似全微分approximate upper semi continuity 近似上半连续性approximate value 近似值approximate value in excess 过剩近似值approximately equal 近似等于approximately semicontinuous 近似半连续的approximation 逼近approximation by excess 过剩逼近approximation calculus 近似计算approximation error 近似误差approximation function 逼近函数approximation in excess 过剩逼近approximation method 近似法approximation methods in physics 物理学中的逼近法approximation theorem 逼近定理approximation theory 逼近理论arbitrarily small 任意小arbitrary 任意的arbitrary constant 任意常数arbitrary element 任意元素arbitrary parameter 任意参数arbitrary small number 任意小数arc 弧arc component 弧分量arc cosecant 反余割arc cosine 逆余弦arc cotangent 逆余切arc hyperbolic function 反双曲函数arc length 弧长arc of a circle 圆弧arc secant 反正割arc set 弧集arc sine 逆正弦arc sine distribution 反正弦分布arc sine law 反正弦定律arc sine transformation 反正弦变换arc tangent 反正切arch 拱形archaeometry 考古测量学archimedean 阿基米德性的archimedean group 阿基米德群archimedean semigroup 阿基米德半群archimedean space 阿基米德空间archimedean total order 阿基米德全序archimedean valuation 阿基米德赋值archimedes axiom 阿基米德公理archimedes spiral 阿基米德螺线archimedically ordered field 阿基米德有序域archimedically ordered number field 阿基米德有序数域arcwise connected set 弧连通集arcwise connected space 弧连通空间arcwise connectedness 弧连通性are 公亩area 面积area function 面积函数area of a circle 圆面积area preserving mapping 保面积映射areal coordinates 重心坐标areal derivative 面积导数areal element 面积元素areal integral 面积分areal velocity 面积速度argand plane 复数平面argument 自变数;辐角argument function 辐角函数argument of a function 函数的自变数argument principle 辐角原理argumentation 论证aristotelian logic 亚里斯多德逻辑学arithmetic 算术arithmetic al function 数论函数arithmetic difference 算术差arithmetic division 算术除法arithmetic element 运算元素arithmetic expression 算术表达式arithmetic function 数论函数arithmetic genus 算术狂arithmetic geometric mean 算术几何平均arithmetic geometric series 算术几何级数arithmetic logic of pocket calculator 袖珍计算机的算术逻辑arithmetic mean 算术平均arithmetic number 正实数arithmetic of algebraic number fields 代数数域的数论arithmetic of algebras 代数的数论arithmetic of local fields 局部域的数沦arithmetic operation 算术操作算术运算arithmetic progression 算术级数arithmetic subgroup 算术子群arithmetic unit 运算元素arithmetical hierarchy 算术谱系arithmetical predicate 算术谓词arithmetical triangle 帕斯卡三角形arithmetics 算术arithmetization 算术化arithmometer 四则计算机arrangement 排列array 排列arrow 射artificial variable 人工变量artificial variable method 人工变量法artin conductor 阿廷前导子artin conjecture 阿廷猜想artin reciprocity law 阿廷互反禄artinian module 阿丁模artinian ring 阿丁环ascending 上升的ascending chain condition 升链条件ascending difference 后向差分ascending power series 升幂级数ascending powers 升幂ascending sequence 递升序列aspherical space 非球面空间asphericity 非球面牲assemblage 集assembler 汇编assertion sign 断定号assignable cause 可指定的原因assignment problem 配置问题associate equation 相伴方程associated equation 相伴方程associated fiber bundle 相伴的纤维丛associated form 连带形式associated function 连带函数associated graded module 相伴分次模associated graded ring 形式环associated homogeneous equation 相伴齐次方程associated homogeneous system 相伴齐次组associated laguerre polynomial 连带的拉盖尔多项式associated legendre function 相伴勒让德函数associated legendre polynomial 连带的勒让德多项式associated minimal surface 相伴极小曲面associated power series 相伴幂级数associated prime ideal 相伴素理想associated radius of convergence 相伴收敛半径associated space 相伴空间associated spherical harmonic 相伴球面低associated surface 连带曲面associated system 相伴系associated undirected graph 相伴无向图association 结合associative algebra 结合代数associative law 结合律associative law for series 级数的结合律associativity 结合性assume 假定assumption 假定assumption formula 假定公式asterisk 星号asteroid 星形线asymmetric 非对称的asymmetric relation 非对称关系asymmetric variety 非对称簇asymmetrical 非对称的asymmetrical graph 恒等图asymmetry 非对称性asymptote 渐近线asymptote of curve 曲线的渐近线asymptotic 浙近的asymptotic behavior 渐近状态asymptotic circle 渐近圆asymptotic cone 渐近锥面asymptotic convergence 渐近收敛asymptotic curvature 渐近曲率asymptotic curve 渐近曲线asymptotic density 渐近密度asymptotic direction 渐近方向asymptotic efficiency 渐近效率asymptotic expansion 渐近展开asymptotic formula 渐近公式asymptotic line 渐近线asymptotic mean value 渐近平均值asymptotic minimal basis 渐近极小基asymptotic order 渐近阶asymptotic path 渐近路线asymptotic plane 渐近平面asymptotic point 渐近点asymptotic rate of convergence 渐近收敛速度asymptotic series 渐近级数asymptotic solution 渐近解asymptotic stability 渐近稳定性asymptotic surface 渐近曲面asymptotic unbiased estimator 渐近无偏估计量asymptotic value 渐近值asymptotically efficient estimator 渐近有效估计量asymptotically equal 渐近相等asymptotically equal sequence 渐近相等序列asymptotically equivalent function 渐近等价函数asymptotically normal distribution 渐近正态分布asymptotically normally distributed 渐近正规分布的asymptotically stable 渐近稳定的asymptotically stable solution 渐近稳定解asynchronous computer 异步计算机atiyah singer index theorem 阿蒂亚辛格指数定理atlas 坐标邻域系atom 原子atomic element 原子元素atomic formula 原子公式atomic lattice 原子格atomic proposition 原子命题atomicity 原子性attaching map 接着映射attenuation 衰减attenuation constant 衰减常数attenuation factor 衰减因数attenuator 衰减器attraction 引力attractive force 引力attractor 吸引区attribute 属性augend 被加数augmentation 扩张augmentation preserving map 增广保存映射augmented complex 扩张复形augmented matrix 增广矩阵austausch 交换autocorrelation 自相关autocorrelation coefficient 自相关系数autocorrelation function 自相关函数autocorrelogram 自相关图autocovariance 自协方差autocovariance function 自协方差函数autodistributivity 自分配性automata 自动机automatic check 自动检验automatic coding 自动编码automatic computation 自动计算automatic computer 自动计算机automatic control 自动控制automatic control system 自动控制系统automatic control theory 自动控制理论automatic programming 自动程序设计automatic testing 自动检验automation 自动化automaton 自动机automaton graph 自动机图automorphic form 自守形式automorphic function 自守函数automorphism 自同构automorphism group 自同构群autonomous system 自治系统autoparallel curve 自平行曲线autoregression 自回归autoregression equation 自回归方程autoregressive process 自回归过程autoregressive transformation 自回归变换auxiliary 辅助的auxiliary angle 辅助角auxiliary circle 辅助圆auxiliary equation 相伴齐次方程auxiliary function 辅助函数auxiliary line 辅助线auxiliary variable 辅助变数average 平均值average deviation 平均偏差average error 平均误差average life 平均寿命average outgoing quality 平均出厂质量average outgoing quality limit 平均出厂质量极限average quality protection 平均品质保护average sample number 平均样本数average speed 平均速度average term 普通项average time 平均时间average value 平均值averaging 取平均数averaging method 平均法averaging operator 平均算子axes of coordinates 座标轴axial 轴的axial symmetry 轴对称axial vector 轴向量axially symmetric flow 轴对称流axialsymmetric vector field 轴对称向量场axiom 公理axiom of accessibility 可达性公理axiom of addition 加法公理axiom of choice 选择公理axiom of completeness 完备性公理axiom of comprehension 概括公理axiom of constructibility 可构成性公理axiom of constructivity 可构成性公理axiom of continuity 连续公理axiom of extensionality 外延性公理axiom of infinity 无穷性公理axiom of power set 幂集公理axiom of reducibility 可化归性公理axiom of regularity 正则性公理axiom of subsets 子集公理axiom of substitution 替换公理axiom of sum set 并集公理axiom of the empty set 空集公理axiom of union 并集公理axiom scheme 公理格式axiomatic 公理的axiomatic method 公理法axiomatic set theory 公理论的集论;公理集合论axiomatic system 公理系统axiomatics 公理学axiomatization 公理化axiomatize 公理化axioms of congruence 叠合公理axioms of continuity 连续公理axioms of denumerability 可数公理axioms of incidence 关联公理axioms of order 次序公理axis 轴axis of a cone 锥轴axis of abscissas 横坐标轴axis of absolute convergence 绝对收敛轴axis of affinity 仿射轴axis of convergence 收敛轴axis of coordinate 坐标轴axis of curvature 曲率轴axis of ordinates 纵坐标轴axis of projection 射影轴axis of reals 实轴axis of revolution 回转轴axis of rotation 回转轴axis of symmetry 对称轴axisymmetric 轴对称的axonometric perspective 轴测投影法axonometric projection 轴测投影法axonometry 轴测法azimuth 方位角azimuthal 方位角的Bb measurability b可测性b measurable function 波莱尔可测函数babylonian numerals 巴比伦数字back substitution 逆计算backward difference 后向差分backward difference operator 后向差分算子backward difference quotient 后向差商backward solution 后向解法baire function 贝利函数baire measure 贝利测度baire set 贝利集baire space 贝利空间baire theorem 贝利定理balance 平衡balanced category 平衡范畴balanced functor 平衡函子balanced hypergraph 平衡超图balanced neighborhood 平衡邻域balanced sample 平衡样本balanced set 平衡集balancing method 平衡法balayage 扫除ball 球ballistic curve 弹道banach algebra 巴拿赫代数banach lie group 巴拿赫李群banach space 巴拿赫空间band 带band chart 带状图band matrix 带状矩阵bar construction 棒构成bar diagram 条线图bar graph 条线图barrel 桶集barrel shape 桶型barrelled space 桶型空间barrier 闸barycenter 重心barycenter of a simplex 单形的重心barycentric 重心的barycentric complex 重心复形barycentric coordinates 重心坐标barycentric mapping 重心映射barycentric subdivision 重心重分base 底base angle 底角base line 底线base number 底数base of logarithms 对数的底base point 基点base register 基址寄存器变址寄存器base space 底空间base vector 基向量basic 基础的basic block 基本块basic field 基域basic form 基本形式basic point 基础点basic representation 基本表示basic ring 基环basic solution 基本解basic symbol 基本符号basic variable 基本变量basis 基basis for cohomology 上同爹basis for homology 同爹basis of linear space 线性空间的基basis of vector space 向量空间的基basis replacement procedure 基替换过程basis theorem of hilbert 希耳伯特基定理basis vector 基本向量batch processing 成批处理bayes decision function 贝叶斯判定函数bayes formula 贝叶斯公式bayes postulate 贝叶斯公设bayes solution 贝叶斯解behavior 行为behavior strategy 行为策略bellman principle 贝尔曼原理beltrami equation 贝尔特拉米方程bending point 转向点bergman metric 伯格曼度量bernoulli equation 伯努利方程bernoulli inequality 伯努利不等式bernoulli method 伯努利法bernoulli number 伯努利数bernoulli polynomial 伯努利多项式bernoulli trials 伯努利试验bernoullian polynomial 伯努利多项式bernstein inequality 伯思斯坦不等式bernstein polynomial 伯思斯坦多项式bertrand curves 柏特龙曲线bertrand paradox 柏特龙悖论bessel equation 贝塞耳方程bessel function 贝塞耳函数bessel function of the second kind 第二类贝塞耳函数bessel function of the third kind 第三类贝塞耳函数bessel inequality 贝塞耳不等式bessel integral 贝塞耳积分best approximation 最佳逼近best estimator 最佳估计量best test 最佳检验best uniform approximation 最佳一致逼近beta distribution 分布beta function 函数betti group 贝蒂群betti number 贝蒂数between group variance 群间方差biadditive 双加法的biangular 双角的bias 偏倚biased estimator 有偏估计量biased sample 有偏样本biased statistics 有偏统计量biased test 有偏检验biaxial 双轴的biaxial spherical harmonic function 双轴球面低函数bicartesian square 双笛卡儿方bicharacteristic 双特征bicompact 紧bicompact set 紧集bicompact space 列紧空间bicompact transformation group 列紧变换群。
specialization离散数学
specialization离散数学
离散数学（Discrete mathematics）是研究离散量的结构及其相互关系的数学学科，是现代数学的一个重要分支。
离散的含义是指不同的连接在一起的元素，主要是研究基于离散量的结构和相互间的关系，其对象一般是有限个或可数个元素。
离散数学在各学科领域，特别在计算机科学与技术领域有着广泛的应用，同时离散数学也是计算机专业的专业课程，如程序设计语言、数据结构、操作系统、编译技术、人工智能、数据库、算法设计与分析、理论计算机科学基础等必不可少的先行课程。
通过离散数学的学习，不但可以掌握处理离散结构的描述工具和方法，为后续课程的学习创造条件，而且可以提高抽象思维和严格的逻辑推理能力，为将来参与创新性的研究和开发工作打下坚实的基础。
离散数学中文—英文名词对照表
succedent
well-formed formula (wff)
magic
circuit
t
k
prime to each other
characteristic of ring
minimal polynomial
order
product
simple graph simple proposition (atomic proposition)
Euler 函数
Euler 迹
Euler 数
Euler 图
Euler 特征
二元关系
二分图
反演
赋值
复合运算
复合（分子）命题
覆盖
分配格
个体变元
格
格同态
公因子
割边
割点
Hamilton 圈
Hamilton 图
Hamilton 路
环
后件
合式公式(wff)
幻方
回路
t
k
互素
环的特征
极小多项式
阶
积
简单图 简单（原子）命题
离散数学中文—英文名词对照表
中文
英文
群(交换群) 半群 悖论 定理 代数 函数 同态 格 伴随 标准满态射 闭包 补图(子图的余) 补元 边色数 边着色 边连通度 边覆盖 边覆盖数 边割集 边集 边独立数 不动点 包含与排斥原理 包含关系 不变因子 本原元 本原多项式 并(并集) 并运算 存在量词 存在推广规则 存在指定规则 出弧
迹
基
Euler function
Euler trail
Euler number
Euler gralation
bipartite graph
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《离散数学》双语专业词汇表Abelian group：交换（阿贝尔）群absorption property：吸收律acyclic：无（简单）回路的adjacent vertices：邻接结点adjacent vertices：邻接结点adjacent vertices：邻接结点algorithm verification：算法证明algorithm：算法alphabet：字母表alternating group：交替群analogous：类似的analysis of algorithm：算法分析antisymmetric：反对称的approach：方法，方式argument：自变量associative：可结合的associative：可结合的asymmetric：非对称的backtracking：回溯base 2 exponential function：以2为底的指数函数basic step：基础步biconditional, equivalence：双条件式，等价bijection, one-to-one correspondence：双射，一一对应binary operation on a set A：集合A上的二元运算binary operation：二元运算binary relation：二元关系(complete) binary tree：(完全)二元(叉)树bland meats：未加调料的肉block, cell：划分块，单元Boolean algebra：布尔代数Boolean function：布尔函数Boolean matrix：布尔矩阵Boolean polynomial, Boolean expression：布尔多项式（表达式）Boolean product：布尔乘积bounded lattice：有界格brace：花括号bridge：桥，割边by convention：按常规，按惯例cancellation property：消去律capacity：容量cardinality：基数，势category：类别，分类catenation：合并，拼接ceiling function：上取整函数certain event：必然事件characteristic equation：特征方程characteristic function：特征函数chromatic number of G：G的色数chromatic polynomial：着色多项式circuit design：线路设计circuit：回路closed under the operation：运算对…是封闭的closed with respect to：对…是封闭的closure：闭包collision：冲突coloring graphs：图的着色column：列combination：组合common divisor：公因子commutative：可交换的commutative：可交换的commuter：经常往来于两地的人comparable：可比较的compatible with：与…相容compatible：相容的complement of B with respect to A：A与B的差集complement：补元complementary relation：补关系complete graph：完全图complete match：完全匹配complete n-tree：完全n-元树component sentence：分句component：分图composition：复合composition：关系的复合compound statement：复合命题conditional statement, implication：条件式，蕴涵式congruence relation：同余关系congruent to：与…同余conjecture：猜想conjunction：合取connected：连通的connected：连通的connection：连接connectivity relation：连通性关系consecutively：相继地consequent, conclusion：结论，后件constructive proof：构造性证明contain(in)：包含（于）contingency：可满足式contradiction, absurdity：永假(矛盾)式contrapositive：逆否命题conversation of flow：流的守恒converse：逆命题conversely：相反地coordinate：坐标coset：陪集countable(uncountable)：可数（不可数）counterexample；反例counting：计数criteria：标准，准则custom：惯例cut：割cycle：回路cyclic permutation：循环置换，轮换de Morgan’s laws：德摩根律declarative sentence：陈述句degree of a vertex：结点的度depot：货站，仓库descendant：后代diagonal matrix：对角阵die：骰子digraph：有向图dimension：维(数)direct flight：直飞航班discipline：学科disconnected：不连通的discrete graph(null graph)：零图disjoint sets：不相交集disjunction：析取distance：距离distinguish：区分distributive lattice：分配格distributive：可分配的distributive：可分配的division：除法dodecahedron：正十二面体domain：定义域doubly linked list：双向链表dual：对偶edge：边edge：边element, member：成员，元素empty relation：空关系empty sequence(string)：空串empty set：空集end point：端点entry(element)：元素equally likely：等可能的，等概率的equivalence class：等价类equivalent relation：等价关系Euclidian algorithm：欧几里得算法，辗转相除法Euler path(circuit)：欧拉路径(回路)event：事件everywhere defined：处处有定义的excess capacity：增值容量existence proof：存在性证明existential quantification：存在量词化expected value：期望值explicit：显式的extensively：广泛地，全面地extremal element：极值元素factor：因子factorial：阶乘finite (infinite) set：有限（无限）集finite group：有限（阶）群floor function：下取整函数free semigroup generated by A：由A生成的自由半群frequency of occurrence：出现次数(频率) function, mapping, transformation：函数，映射，变换GCD(greatest common divisor)：最大公因子gender：性别generalize：推广generic element：任一元素graduate school：研究生院graph：(无向)图graph：无向图greatest(least) element：最大(小)元greedy algorithm：贪婪算法group：群growth of function：函数增长Hamiltonian path(circuit)：哈密尔顿路径(回路) hashing function：杂凑函数Hasse diagram：哈斯图height：树高homomorphic image：同态像homomorphism：同态hypothesis：假设，前提，前件idempotent：等幂的idempotent：幂等的identity function on A：A上的恒等函数identity(element)：么（单位）元identity：么元，单位元impossible event：不可能事件inclusion-exclusion principle：容斥原理in-degree：入度indirect method：间接证明法induction step：归纳步informal brand：不严格的那种inorder search：中序遍历intersection：交intuitively：直觉地inverse：逆关系inverse：逆元inverse：逆元inverter：反向器invertible function：可逆函数involution property：对合律irreflexive：反自反的isolated vertex：孤立结点isomorphism：同构isomorphism：同构join：，保联，并join：并Karnaugh map：卡诺图Kernel：同态核key：键Klein 4 group：Klein四元群Konisberg Bridge problem：哥尼斯堡七桥问题Kruskal’s algorithm：Kruskal算法labeled digraph：标记有向图lattice：格LCM(least common multiple)：最小公倍数leaf(leave)：叶结点least upper(greatest lower) bound：上(下)确界level：层，lexicographic order：字典序likelihood：可能性linear array(list)：线性表linear graph：线性图linear homogeneous relation of degree k：k阶线性齐次关系linear order(total order)：线序，全序linearly ordered set, chain：线（全）序集，链linked list：链表linked-list representation：链表表示logarithm function to the base n：以n为底的对数logical connective：命题联结词logically equivalent：（逻辑）等价的logically follow：是…的逻辑结论logician：逻辑学家loop：自回路lower order：低阶main diagonal：主对角线map-coloring problem：地图着色问题matching function：匹配函数matching problems：匹配问题mathematical structure(system)：数学结构（系统）matrix：矩阵maximal match：最大匹配maximal(minimal) element：极大(小)元maximum flow：最大流meet：保交，交meet：交minimal spanning tree：最小生成树minterm：极小项modular lattice：模格modulus：模modus ponens：肯定律m odus tollens：否定律monoid：含么半群，独异点multigraph：多重图multiple：倍数multiplication table：运算表multi-valued function：多值函数mutually exclusive：互斥的，不相交的natural homomorphism：自然同态nearest neighbor：最邻近结点negation：否定（式）normal subgroup：正规(不变)子群notation：标记notion：概念n-tree：n-元树n-tuple：n-元组odd(even) permutation：奇（偶）置换offspring：子女结点one to one：单射，一对一函数onto：到上函数，满射operation on sets：集合运算optimal solution：最佳方法or(and, not) gate：或(与，非)门order of a group：群的阶order relation：序关系ordered pair：有序对，序偶ordered tree：有序树ordered triple：有序三元组ordinance：法规out-degree：出度parent：父结点partial order：偏序关系partially ordered set, poset：偏序集partition, quotient set：划分，商集path：路径path：通路，路径permutation：置换，排列pictorially：以图形方式pigeonhole principle：鸽巢原理planar graph：(可)平面图plausible：似乎可能的pointer：指针Polish form：（表达式的）波兰表示polynomial：多项式positional binary tree：位置二元(叉)树positional tree：位置树postorder search：后序遍历power set：幂集predicate：谓词preorder search：前序遍历prerequisite：预备知识prescribe：命令，规定Prim’s algorithm：Prim算法prime：素（数）principle of mathematical induction：（第一）数学归纳法probabilistic：概率性的probability(theory)：概率(论)product partial order：积偏序product set, Caretesian set：叉积，笛product：积proof by contradiction：反证法proper coloring：正规着色propositional function：命题公式propositional variable：命题变元pseudocode：伪码（拟码）pumping station：抽水站quantifier：量词quotient group：商群random access：随机访问random selection(choose an object at random)：随机选择range：值域rational number：有理数reachability relation：可达性关系reasoning：推理recreational area：游乐场所recursive：递归recycle：回收，再循环reflexive closure：自反闭包reflexive：自反的regular expression：正则表达式regular graph：正规图，正则图relation：关系relationship：关系relay station：转送站remainder：余数representation：表示restriction：限制reverse Polish form：（表达式的）逆波兰表示(left) right coset：(左)右陪集root：根，根结点rooted tree：（有）根树row：行R-relative set：R相关集rules of reference：推理规则running time：运行时间same order：同阶sample space：样本空间semigroup：半群sensible：有意义的sensible：有意义的sequence：序列sequential access：顺序访问set corresponding to a sequence：对应于序列的集合set inclusion(containment)：集合包含set：集合siblings：兄弟结点simple cycle：简单回路simple path(circuit)：基本路径(回路)simple path：简单路径（通路）sink：汇sophisticated：复杂的source：源spanning tree：生成树，支撑树square matrix：方阵statement, proposition：命题storage cell：存储单元string：串，字符串strong induction：第二数学归纳法subgraph：子图subgroup：子群sublattice：子格submonoid：子含么半群subscript：下标subsemigroup：子半群subset：子集substitution：替换subtree：子树summarize：总结，概括symmetric closure：对称闭包symmetric difference：对称差symmetric group：对称群symmetric：对称的tacitly：默认tautology：永真(重言)式tedious：冗长乏味的terminology：术语the capacity of a cut：割的容量topological sorting：拓扑排序transitive closure：传递闭包transitive：传递的transport network：运输网络transposition：对换traverse：遍历，周游tree searching：树的搜索（遍历）tree：树truth table：真值表TSP(traveling salesperson problem)：货郎担问题unary operation：一元运算undirected edge：无向边undirected edge：无向边undirected tree：无向树union：并unit element：么(单位)元universal quantification：全称量词化universal set：全集upper(lower) bound：上(下)界value of a flow：流的值value, image：值，像，应变量V enn diagram：文氏图verbally：用言语vertex(vertices)：结点vertex(vertices)：结点，顶点virtually：几乎Warshal’s algorithm：Warshall算法weight：权weight：树weighted graph：（赋）权图well-defined：良定，完全确定word：词zero element：零元。