国外叙利亚仓鼠(熊类仓鼠)毛色基因分类的翻译

Topic hamster/hamster FAQ/syrian hamster genetics
主题仓鼠/仓鼠常见问题/叙利亚仓鼠遗传学
by kittykitty addicted to the board
由kittykitty上传
Syrian Hamster Genetics.
叙利亚仓鼠遗传
I am going to try to keep this as basic as possible but still remain informative. If any one has anything they would like to add to this or anything they think I may be incorrect on, do tell me!
我会尽量建立在基本知识上，但是仍然存在未知信息。

如果有任何人想补充或者认为我可能有不正确的地方，请告诉我。

The Basics
基础知识
A female's Chromosomes are written as XX, a males as XY.
一个女性的染色体是写成× ×，男性为XY。

则
Syrian hamsters have 44 chromosomes each of which has many thousands of individual genes that determine what the hamster will look like, how big it will get etc.
叙利亚仓鼠有44条染色体，每条染色体都带有成千上万的基因，来决定仓鼠的长相、个体大小等。

Phenotype is the term used to describe an animal's physical, outward appearance 表型是用来形容动物的生理表现和外表
Genotype is the word used for the animal's genetic or hidden characteristics.
基因之动物的遗传特性或隐性特性
Remember it like this... GENotype – GENes
记住这样它... 基因型- 基因
PHenotype – Physical
表型- 物理
The deciding factor on what colour fur an animal has or what colour its eyes are going to be are alleles. Each set of alleles is located on its own individual locus or loci.
动物毛皮的颜色或者是眼睛的颜色等外表表现都由基因决定。

决定某个特性的对应基因位于等位基因的个别基因或位点。

If only a single allele is required to affect the animal's phenotype then it must be dominant. Dominant genes are shows as a capital letter (e.g. SS).
如果影响动物外表只需要一个单一的基因占主导地位，该基因为显性基因。

显性基因为一个大写字母（例如SS）
Factors that require two identical alleles on order for the colour or pattern to be present in the phenotype as said to be recessive. Recessive genes are written as a lower-case letter (e.g. ss)
影响动物外表需要由两个相同的等位基因，则该基因为隐性基因。

隐性基因写成小字母（如ss）Some hamster colours are incompletely dominant. In many cases the homozygous version of this colour or coat type will look slightly or dramatically different to the heterozygous individual. Silver grey Syrians can be either homozygous (SgSg) or heterozygous (Sgsg) and are a good examply of incomplete or partial dominance
有些仓鼠的颜色不完全是显性表象。

在许多情况下，这种颜色的外表可能是纯合子或杂合子所表现出的不同个体。

Sliver grey叙利亚可以是纯合子（SgSg），也可以是杂合子（Sgsg），是不完全显性或部分显性的一个典型范例。

Animals inherit two alleles for each possible genotype (i.e. eye colour), one from each parent but these are not always the same.
动物每个都可能继承2个基因（即眼睛的颜色基因），分别来自父母，但这些并非都相同。

If the animal inherits alleles for a particular characteristic that are identical from each parent it will be homozygous (ss or SS)
如果动物从父母双方继承的特定特性是一致的，即为纯合子（ss或SS）
If it inherits one dominant gene from one parent and a recessive from another then it is said to be heterozygous (Ss)
如果它从父母双方继承的特定特性一方是显性基因而另一方是隐性基因，则为杂合子（Ss）。

Dominant genes cover or mask recessives genes. Unless you know the background of your breeding animals you will not know that they are there.
可知的显性基因和不可知的隐性基因。

除非你知道你繁殖动物的背景，否则你永远不会知道它们的存在。

In order for a recessive gene to present itself in the phenotype, there must be two identical alleles present on the same locus
一个隐性基因要表现出来，必须有两个相同等位基因出现在两个相同的位点。

There are also sex-linked genes. Female animals possess two X chromosomes whilst males have a single X and one Y chromosome. Sex-linked genes are only ever passed on either from an X to an X or from a Y to another Y, they cannot be passed on indiscriminately from one to another. The gene that governs sex-linkage is passed on with the chromosomes that determine gender and so are sex linked.
也有伴性基因。

女性有两条X染色体而男性只有一条X染色体和一条Y染色体。

伴性基因永远只有通过一个X染色体传给另外一个染色体，或者一个Y染色体传给另外一个Y染色体，不能交叉传递。

主导基因性状的基因之间的联系是通过由染色体决定的动物性别联系在一起的。

Genetic crosses or punnet squares
基因十字架或小篓正方形
These can be used to establish what proportion of your litter will be what colour. 这些可用于了解你将废弃颜色的比例。

The known genotype of the parents is written along the top and down the side of the square。