Why Hamlet Delay to Kill His Uncle
文学批评方法——弗洛伊德的心理分析法
Abuse and Misunderstanding of the Psychological Approach
Early Psychological Approach (before 20th century)
➢ Aristotle (4th century B.C.): used to define tragedy as the combination of the emotions of pity and terror to produce catharsis
➢ It is characterized by a tremendous and amorphous vitality.
➢ It knows no value, no good and evil, no morality.
➢ It is the source of all our aggression and desires.
Abuses of the approach have resulted from an excess of enthusiasm, which has been manifested in several ways.
➢ The practitioners of the Freudian approach often push their critical these too hard, forcing literature into a Procrustean bed of psychoanalytic theory at the expense of other relevant considerations (e.g. the work’s total thematic and aesthetic context).
英国文学---简答题----问答题
英国文学问答题Shakespeare:Questions:I.1. Why sleep is so frightening, according to Hamlet, since it can “end” the heartache and the thousand natural shocks”?2. Why would people rather hear all the sufferings of the world instead choosing death to get rid of them, according to Hamlet?3. What, after all, makes people lose their determination to take action? Please explain in relation to the so-called hesitation of Hamlet.II. 1. What does Romeo compare Juliet to in the beginning passage of the selection?2. What is Romeo and Juliet’s attitude toward being a Montague or a Capulet?3. What does Romeo mean when he says “Look thou but sweet, /And I am proof against their enmity”?Answers for reference:I. 1. Nobody can predict what he will dream of after he falls asleep.2.Death is so mysterious that nobody knows what death will bring to us.Maybe bitter sufferings, great pains, heartbreaking stories…3.1) Conscience and over-considerations. 2) He wants to revenge, but doesn’tknow how; 2) He wants to kill his uncle, but find it too risky; 3) He lives in despair and wants to commit suicide, 4)however, he knows if he dies, nobody will comfort his father’s ghost. He is in face of great dilemma.I. 1. Sun.2. They would give up their names for love’s sake.3. Only if you are kind to me, their hatred cannot hurt me.Daniel Defoe:Questions:1.Do you find the description of Crusoe’s setting up the tentconvincing? Could you think of better ways to build a shelter in his situation?2.What do you think of Crusoe’s way of marking time? Why is itimportant for him to keep track of time?3.From this excerpt, what do you find admirable in Robinson Crusoe? Answers for reference:1.Yes.2.1) He doesn’t want to forget time; 2) For a civilized man, time is precious; 3)He wants to remember Sabbath days to show his respect and piety to God. 3.strong-minded, careful, capable, persevering, optimistic, ambitious,self-reliant, clever, practical, adventurous, patient, rational, sympathetic, hardworking, imaginative, energetic, courageous, amiable (kind-hearted) Jane Austen:Questions:1. Why do you think of Mrs.Bennet? How can you characterize her?2. What do you known about Jane Austen’s writing style?Answers for reference:1. 1) She is mean, her only care is to marry her daughter to rich young men; 2) She is simple and foolish, even cannot understand her husband’s ironical words. 3)She loves her daughter , though she doesn’t understand them ,but what she do is only for their happiness rather than herself.2. 1) keen observation of society around her , good ear for conversation, use of mild, irony and penetrating analysis.2)Style, clarity, economy, skillful dialogue, tight plotting, simple and clear. 3）Readers can find sth of themselves, comfort, tranquility, escape in her novels.Charlotte Bronte:Questions:1.What’s the theme in Jane Eyre?2.Please show your understanding on the love between Jane Eyre and MrRochester .Answers for reference:1.1) Jane Eyre is not only a love story; 2) it is also a plea for the recognition ofthe individual’s worth and 3) sex equality that Women attempt to assert their own identity within the male-dominated society.2.Though poor and plain, Jane Eyre, who had a strong will of life, tried hard toget her rights of equality. She left the man very much who was about 20 years older than she and richer. She just wanted him to treat her equally. She was great because her love made disillusioned Rochester happy again. Mr.Rochester was a man full of life’s misery, yet he loved Jane truly and respected her very much. That’s why he got her love.Charles Dickens:Questions:1. How do you understand Pip’s so called “Great Expectation”?2. Please explain the reason that Great Expectation is a so-called bildungsroman or growth novel.Answers for reference:1. 1) when he was young,he wanted to become a blacksmith like Joe, his brother in law. 2) H is meeting with Havisham changed his attitude towards life, and he admired he decent way of living like a gentleman. H e met Estella and fell love with her,but he cannot marry her because of his inferior status and his expectations changed:raise his social status and to become a gentleman,get a better education and then marry Estella. 3) When Pip discovers that his benefactor is in fact a convict, his “great expectation” turns out to be bubble, beautiful but transient. Pip finally realized the money and social status is not the most important thing in life. W hat is important is love and loyalty. M an's true value has nothing to do with his money and status.(简略版)1.1) W hen he was young,he wanted to become a blacksmith like Joe, his brother inlaw. 2) When he met Havisham and fell in love with Estella, his expectations changed: to raise his social status and become a gentleman,get a bettereducation and then marry Estella. 3) When Pip discovered that his benefactor was in fact a convict, his “great expectation” turned out to be bubble,beautiful but transient. Pip finally realized the money and social status is not the most important thing in life. W hat’s important is love and loyalty. M an's truevalue has nothing to do with his money and status.2.It is the novel of the growth and development of the hero Pip. There isabsence of parents for Pip who is raised by his sister and brother-in-law; As a gentleman, Pip condescends people of lower class, losing sight of thegenerous, kind aspect of being a gentleman; He is tested and drawn todestructive love etc.Thomas Hardy:Questions:1.What do you think causes Tess’s tragedy?2.Please comment briefly on the fate of Tess in Tess of the D’Urbervilles. Answers for reference:1.1) Tess was an innocent, pure girl. She was honest and sweet-natured and full oflove for her family and sympathy for others.2) the poverty of her family, the social environment and the collapse of the Agricultural economy; horse killed---claim kin 3) the double moral standard between men and women of that patriarchal society, “chastity =purity” is only for women.4) For such a girl as Tess, her life was something that she couldn’t control, chance of some unknown forces determined everything.2. Tess is actually a victim of her society. Hardy created the heroine Tess just tocriticize the society in his time. Tess is a tragic person simply because she is not accepted by the society in which agriculture is menaced by the forces of invading capitalism. So in a way, Tess’ fate is decided by her society.THANKS !!!致力为企业和个人提供合同协议，策划案计划书，学习课件等等打造全网一站式需求欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考。
《哈姆雷特》中的悲剧原因分析
摘要：《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚戏剧创作中最杰出的代表作，著名的四大悲剧之一，又是莎士比亚戏剧艺术成熟的标志。
该剧以丰富的时代内涵、生动的人物形象、复杂的矛盾冲突以及曲折多变的故事情节，给人们留下深刻的印象，吸引着他们对其不断的进行解读。
本篇文章旨在从情节、人物、矛盾冲突等多方面分析《哈姆雷特》戏剧中的悲剧色彩。
透过复杂的故事情节，该剧展示了十六世纪英国的动荡与混乱。
该剧中任务众多，不同的任务有不同的性格，也反映了当时不同层次、身份的任务的特征以及他们的人生观。
从而决定了他们最终的归宿。
剧中哈姆雷特与克劳狄斯的斗争是新兴资产阶级人文主义者与日趋反动的封建王权代表任务之间的斗争，反映了文艺复兴时期先进人物为实现美好理想向社会恶势力所进行的斗争。
作为文艺复兴的核心，人文主义在当时是一种新兴思潮，但却遭到失败。
作为人文主义者的典型代表，哈姆雷特对人类抱有美好的看法。
他相信人类的智慧、高雅和力量。
然而，面对罪恶的现实，他所有的人文主义理想都被彻底破灭。
因而只能以生命的代价换来精神上的胜利。
作为时代的缩影，《哈姆雷特》揭示了人文主义理想破灭的必然性。
关键词：人物悲情；矛盾冲突；人文主义；情节悲剧；王权斗争The Tragedy Aspects in HamletAbstract：As one of Shakespeare’s the four famous tragedies, Hamlet is the most remarkable one. It is also the sign of the maturation in the art of Shakespeare’s play. With abundant connotation of the time, vivid characters, complicated conflict and varied story, Hamlet gives people deep impression and moves them to appreciate it. This article aims to analyze the tragedy aspects in Hamlet from all the aspects of plot, character, conflict, and so on, according to which it reveals more information about England in the period of Renaissance. Based on the complicated plots, Hamlet reveals the confusion of England in 16th. In this play, there are many characters. With different character, each one reflects different feature of different stage and their social status, and also their value of life, which decide their final sufferance. The struggle between Hamlet and Claudius is about the conflict between the newly emerged capital humanists and the feudal evil force, which reflects the humanists’ h ardship for their dreams to come true. As the essence of Renaissance, humanism is a newly emerged thought at that time, but unfortunately, it failed. On behalf of humanists, Hamlet confirms human’s value and dignity, and also the wisdom and power, but in front of the evil reality, all his dreams are destroyed completely. He just gets the spiritual victory with the cost of his life. As the mitigation of the time, Hamlet shows that it is destined to fail for humanists.Key Words：Tragedy of Characters; conflict; humanism; tragedy of plots; fighting for throneIntroductionIt is known that Hamlet is the most remarkable works of Shakespeare in his dramas. It describes a story of a prince’s revenge for his father’s death in Denmark, during which, it reveals human-being different conflicts. With abundant connotation of the time, vivid characters, complicated conflict and varied story, Hamlet gives people deep impression and moves them to appreciate it. There are three simultaneous plots of revenge, from which, the tragedy of characters is described more complicated. There is also some description of characters: Hamlet represents the few number of the advanced person emerging in the feudal society; Claudius, who is the head of the reactionary force, is also a schemer, the model character of double-dealer. He is dissolute, insidious and sham. But finally, such unforgivable man bears what he should do; Ophelia, who is one of the loveliest girls Shakespeare has described, is also a tragedy character in this play. She is kind, but because of her innocent and tenderness, she became the tool which her father used topleasant the King.As one of the four famous tragedies, Hamlet is full of tragedy aspects: it described a disordered world, and also a world with strong self-consciousness, which reflected the modern main parts uncertainness and complication in the period of Renaissance. In such a special time, there are all the kinds of formation: Claudius’s schemes to seize the state power; the ethics between the ghost and his s on; the sincere feelings between Hamlet and Ophelia; friendship’s forsaking with old classmates; simultaneous revenge action; the failure of humanism, and so on. With all the formation organized, it forms Hamlet’s special artistic charm and literal achieve ment, which reveal human-being the tragedy aspects of Hamlet incisively and vividly.I. The General Introduction of the StoryIt is a story of a prince’s revenge for his father’s death in Denmark. The King of Denmark died, young prince Hamlet who was making further education abroad came back to his country. Out of his imagination, his mother married his uncle Claudius just after the old King’s death. A ghost who looked like the old King emerged one night, and told Hamlet that it was Claudius who killed him, so Hamlet vowed to revenge. He began to pretend to be mad, and left his lover Ophelia. To spy upon the reflection of Claudius, Hamlet arranged a play which was drawn by him. Claudius realized it, he sent Hamlet to England, and asked the man who kept watch on Hamlet to give letter to the king of England to have Hamlet died. But Claudius failed; Hamlet came back to his country again. Meanwhile Ophelia was drawn because of her father’s death and her lover Hamlet’s drifting apart of her. Her brother Leartes was very angry; he asked to fight with Hamlet. Then Claudius arranged a sword match for them, in which Hamlet was killed by the poison sword, Laertes was wounded to die. The Queen (Hamlet’s mother) died from the poison wine which was prepared for Hamlet by Claudius. Before death, Laertes told the truth. Finally Hamlet killed Claudius with the cost of his life.II. Three Simultaneous Plots of RevengeIn Hamlet, there are three simultaneous plots of revenge, which give more details to help us learn the tragedy aspects in it. There are three characters: Hamlet, Laertes andFortinbius,all of whose father are killed. Based on the concept of the time, all the three persons should revenge for their relatives. As the same task, because of their own character and outlook of life, there are three different ways. Of the three persons, thereare two groups of comparison: Laertes and Hamlet are both comparatively young men in a court dominated by the Middle Aged; both are described as being popular with the people in Denmark; their common love for Ophelia units them thematically in the fourth act; and the ensuing swordfight which result in both their death makes clear the extent to which they are each other’s opposites; both give themselves the task of revenging the death of a relative; both are spied on by their parents. Young Fortinblas, who has a few similarities to Hamlet: he too is the nephew of a King; he too is any enemy of Claudius; he too is seeking some sort of vengeance following the death of his father.A. Laertes’s Simple Idea to RevengeOf Laertes’s idea to revenge, it can be described as “simple”. He is noble and dignified in his appearance, while in fact there is nothing in is mind. He is impulsive, narrow minded. Though he realizes his error and reveals the evil plot of the King, he loses his life. As he learns the news that his father Polonius was killed, without asking anyone about the reason, hurriedly he comes back to Denmark and arouses the asses to action. Thinking that the King is the sinner of his fathe r’s death,Laretes leads his masses rush into the court and fight with Claudius. We see Laretes does like that, but in fact, he does not love his father at all. He laughs at his father’s weakness, hates that his father asks someone to keep watch on him. Fo r the reason of his father’s death, he has no interest. Suppose Laertes is willing to learn the reason, he would know that the death of Polonius is caused by himself, for he is so positive to interfere the conflict between Hamlet and the King. What’s more, he supports the King. Hamlet is meaningless to kill Polonius, to which Laertes dose not care about, so he decides to revenge without any doubt. He understands the moral from the point of formalism, according to which he takes action. His principle is measure for measure. What Laertes revenges for is the reputation of his relevant and his family. In the face of such requirement, even the King’s order, it should be delayed. Besides, what Laertes revenges for is his ambitions. When he leads his masses to kill the King, he advocates them support him as the King. It is available that Laertes’s revenge is divorced from the essence, he has ulterior motives.B．Fortinblas’s Abandonment to RevengeFortinblas gives up to revenge. In this drama we do not see the Norway prince somany times. Just because of his uncle’s several words, he abandons to revenge for his father’s death. When the Denmark is frightened to wait for Fortinblas’s attack for his father’s death and the lost land, Fortinblas attacks Poland. No matter what causes Fortinblas to give up revenge, we can regard that his father once provoked to his enemy (the King of Denmark) and gave no choice to him. If the King of Denmark did not kill Fortinblas’s father, the person who would be in death now is himself. Fortinblas realizes that he has no ability to fight with Denmark, so he gives up. But what if he is willing to try his best? He abandons absolutely.Leartes and Fortinblas have their own attitude on revenge. One is to obey the requirement of revenge without any conditions, and the other one is to give upabsolutely. Either of them takes hasty action, and also lacks consideration.C. Hamlet’s Hesitation to RevengeSince the ghost of Hamlet’s father tells Hamlet the truth of his death, the task to revenge is en graved on Hamlet’s mind deeply, he vows to revenge. He loves his father so sincerely and deeply. In his mind, his father symbolizes the top of human virtue. What a base action to keep his father in death! Compared with Leartes and Fortinblas, his motive for revenge is stimulated by his love to his father. While it takes along time for him to complete his task, why? There are three main stages:First of all, he puts off all his action until he has positive proof of Claudius’s guilty, during his process, Haml et arranges a play to spy upon Claudius’s response to prove the truth of the ghost’s words. Secondly, he passes up the opportunity to stab Claudius in the back preferring to wait for chance to kill him in a way more fitting. Because of the religion and superstitious belief, killing the enemy who is repenting is to send the evil person to the heaven. It means that he returns good for evil. Thirdly, however, he gets side-tracked. Forced into confrontation with his mother, he kills the eavesdropping Polonius, thinking that it is Claudius he is stabbing. The fact that Hamlet misfires Polonius has two main effects: it makes Hamlet’s own homicidal campaign lose energy---as if some sort of blood lust had been sated. It also forces Hamlet finally out into the open. Rather than suspects, Hamlet is a threat to Claudius. On the excuse of Polonius’s death, Claudius has opportunity to move against Hamlet, which is sending him off to England to be put in death.III. The Tragedy of CharactersA. The Tragedy of Hamlet1. Thr ee Stages of Hamlet’s TragedyOf the character of Hamlet in this drama, it is not still, but changeable as the struggles go on. According to the development of the character, Shakespeare shows us the tragedy of Hamlet, which is described in three stages logically.The first stage is about his happiness time, during which he studies in Wittenberg. In that period, he has wonderful dream on humanism. To him the world is so bright, charming. In his mind, his father is on behalf perfect man. He also believes that the harmonious relationship between human would come true sooner or later. The second stage of Hamlet is about his dejection and hesitation. Hamlet is so puzzled by the conflict between humanism idea and the gloom reality. When we firstly see the prince, Hamlet appears as a dejected person. He is shrouded by sadness; he does not know where to look for happiness of life. When he realizes all the crimes in the court of Denmark, all his wishes of life have been changed. He decides to change the society, but in action he hesitates. The third stage is about his decision to take activities, which is after the play arranged by Hamlet himself. He can not bear the crime of reality any more. In his own words, he would fill his mind with bloody thoughts. Althoug h Hamlet revenges for his father’s death in the end, he does not achieve the purpose to remove the evil force thoroughly, even he loses his life.2. Hamlet’s DeathHamlet’s death is also his tragedy. It is destined for Hamlet to end with his death, which i s caused by both internal and external course; it is not comprehensive to emphasize either of them. As one of his challengeable enemy, Claudius is on behalf of the evil force; his crime is collected with all the society’s darkness. Hamlet is eager to wipe out such evil force and revenge for his father’s death. But it can not be solved only by having Claudius died, of course to achieve which is not easy. To remove the evil force which is commonly existed in the society and reverses the situation is more diff icult. What Hamlet is hesitating “is not what he should do, but how to do it.” Judging from the objective aspect, Hamlet’s enemy is not only Claudius, and also some villains. As a new style of thought of a newly emerging capitalist class, humanism just exists as a power of thought at that time, which is far away to match with the feudal evil force. The bourgeoisie revolution in England happened in 17th century, judging from the feature of the time, Hamlet’s death is destined. Judging from the character of him, Hamlet has the most weakness which dominates his action. Because of his prince social position, there is no communication with people. Although he has sympathy to them, he also learns people are angry to the evil force, and they also keep hope on him, he is unwilling to corporate with people. What he believes is his own ability; what’s more, in his mind he is the only person who can complete such hard task, which is the root of Hamlet’s social tragedy. So Hamlet’s tragedy is of an advanced humanist’s fa ilure to struggle with powerful evil force of him, of the time, which has strong classic meaning.B．he Tragedy of ClaudiusClaudius, who is the head of the reactionary force, is also a schemer, the model character of double-dealer. He is on behalf of the feudal evil force. He kills his older brother, becomes the new King of Denmark, and marries his sister-in-law. What a dissolute gay! He indulges in creature comforts. Although he is so pleased with himself, when he meets Hamlet, who is in mourning apparel, he is frightened, even it is in his new wedding banquet, he can not conceal the fear which is from his inner heart.Claudius lies that the old King (Hamlet’s father) died of a poisonous snake, and then he takes the place of Hamlet’s succeeding to the thro ne. While on the surface, he pretends to care Hamlet very much, treats Hamlet as his own son. He also promises Hamlet that he would let him inherit in the future. In the reply to Hamlet’s outburst, Claudius uses language which seems to be calculated to tak e into account both sides of a question. On one hand, He tells Hamlet that it is ‘sweet and commendable’ of him to be so obviously affected by his father’s death. On the other hand, he continues mourning must end sooner or later, and life must go on. Thus, Claudius’s answer to Hamlet appears at first sight to be the epitome of reasonableness, a balanced combination of sensitivity and down-to-earth common sense.‘Tis sweet and commendable in your nature, Hamlet,To give this mourning duties to your fatherBut you must know your father lost a father,That father lost, lost his-and the survivor boundIn filial obligation for some temTo do obsequious sorrow. But to persevereIn obstinate condolement is a courseOf impious stubbornness, ‘tis unmanly gr ief,It shows a will most incorrect to heaven,A heart unfortified, a mind impatient,An understanding simple and unschool’d,For what we know must be, and is as commonAs any the most vulgar thing to sense---Why should we in our peevish oppositionTake it to heart? Fie, ‘tis a fault to heaven,A fault against the dead, a fault to nature,To reason most absurd, whose common themeIs death of fathers, and who still hath cried?From the first cores till he that died today,‘This must be so’. (Hamlet, 87-106)When people actually look at the different weight which Claudius gives to the two opposite parts of his argument as his speech develops, it can be realized that Claudius’s ‘balance’ is actually nothing of kind. It is just because that he is under a great deal of strain, and that he is far less in control of the situation than he wants his audience to believe. In another words, Claudius, because he is in a public situation, needs to be a little tactful towards Hamlet, and thus compliments him on his swee t and commendable nature, and assures him that he regards him ‘with no less nobility of love/Then that which the dearest father bears his son’. (Hamlet, II, 110,-II). But Claudius is, after all, King, and his power is absolute. He tries all the ways to eliminate Hamlet, who is regarded to treat him very much. Because Hamlet is deeply loved by people, even pirate is willing to help him, Claudius could not kill him by any reason, he should be very careful. To spy whether Hamlet is mad or not, Claudius asks tw o of Hamlet’s classmates to keep watch on him. Meanwhile, as bait, Ophelia is used to spy upon Hamlet’s inner secrets. After the play, which is arranged by Hamlet, Claudius exposes his guilty conscience thoroughly. Then he plans to murder with a borrowed knife to remove Hamlet for another try. On the excuse of Hamlet’s safety, Claudius sends him toEngland, in secret he asks the man who keeps watch on Hamlet to convey his requirement of having Hamlet died to the King of England. But finally he failed. Then he incited Laertes to revenge for his father’s death, because of which, Hamlet dies from the poison sword.Claudius is dissolute, insidious and sham, while on surface he pretends so kind. Of his character, Shakespeare shows us all the kinds of hideous features of feudal tyrant and the careerist of capitalist class during the time of original accomplishment. But finally, such unforgivable man bears what he should do.C. The Tragedy of OpheliaOphelia, who is one of the loveliest girls Shakespeare has described, is also a tragedy character in this play. She is kind, but because of her innocent and her tenderness, she became the tool which her father used to pleasant the King. She is the victim of feudalism. Her thoughts is tightly bounded it. She believes truth, beauty and kindness, she really loves Hamlet, but she also becomes the tool of Claudius to spy uponthe inner secret of Hamlet when Hamlet is mad. When her father tells her to left Hamlet,she promises him without words. Ophelia is drawn at the end of this drama. It is eventually Ophelia whose madness leads to her actual suicide. But it is clearly that the person who caused Ophelia’s death is the King and her father. Ophelia is also the v ictim of the political. Is there any other reason? Of course that is the feudalism. Ophelia’s death stimulates people to detest the hateful power, and also evokes people’s sympathy for good things, which people have destroyed. IV. The Failure of HumanismA. The Conflict between Humanism and RealityThe Renaissance reached its high tide in 16th century, so did the Humanism. As the fundamental key of Renaissance, the essence of humanism is that human have the right to seek for freedom to advocate the rationa lism and to gain people’s position and development in the world. The elements of humanism are to establish the central status, of human beings, their dignity value, to advocate the spirit of rationalism and science, to protest the super role of God admired during the Middle Ages. In the literature of 16th in England, it was play got the best achievement, so there are so many good works. To some extent, a play is the reflection of the society. The history of 16th century is filled with struggle and conflict, which between the capitalism and feudalism.Hamlet is a humanist, a man who is free from the medieval prejudices and super station. He has an unbounded love for the world instead of the Heaven. As one of humanists, Hamlet cherishes a profound reverence fo r man, and he believes in human’s power and destiny:What a piece of work is human; how noble in reason;How infinite in faculty, in form and movingHow express and admirable; in action how like an angel;In apprehension how like a god! (Hamlet,85-96)From such ebullient words, vivid figure of speech, it is clear that Hamlet confirms human’s value and dignity, and also the wisdom and power, wherever exists humanism. He believes that human is valuable, energetic. He regards that the relationship between human being should be equal, and everyone should be respected. He takes “love” to instead of people’s loyalty to him, and the principle of equality and love to the relationship of feudal grade. According to his thought, character, appearance and expression, either of which shows us that he is the model of a perfect humanist. In his mind, his father (the old Hamlet) is a model of human. To love, friendship and life, Hamlet has his own humanism view. And he himself, just as Ophelia’s description, is a youngprinc e of humanism, such a lovely prince, there’s no doubt that anyone would not love him. Even Claudius, his enemy, has to admit that he is loved by the “silly” people, and the ordinary people would have good opinion to him. While at the beginning of the play, Hamlet is covered by the misfortune of his family. He adores and loves his father very much, but he died; he also loves his mother, while very quickly (“A little month, or ere those shoes were old, with which she follow’d my poor father’s body,”) she marr ies his uncle (the new King). The faithful love, friendship, and all a humanist’s valuable dreams began to be destroyed. He laments: “Fraity, thy name is woman!” To find out the reason of his father’s death, Hamlet pretends to be mad. Out of his imaginatio n, his old classmates and friends, even his lover, Ophelia, become Claudius’s accessories. In front of the evil reality, his humanism dream is destroyed completely. He even thinks about “to be or not to be”:To be, or not to be, that is the question:Whet her ‘tis nobler in the mind to sufferThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,Or to take arms against a sea of troublesAnd by opposing end them. To die---to sleep,No more; and by a sleep to say we endThe heartache and the thousand natural shocksTh at flesh is heir to: ‘tis a consummation Devoutly to be wish’d. To die, to sleep;To sleep, perchance to dream---ay, there’s the rub……(Hamlet, 152-180)B. The Failure of Hamlet’s TaskWhat Hamlet is able to do is to reveal the reality that the society is not reasonable and it must be changed, not how to solve such fundamental question; to move the crime existing in the world, not how to wipe out it. Because of the limitation of time and class, humanist does not have the ability which is needed to change the society, wipe out the social crime. It is one of the reasons that the reactionary force is powerful, because of which Hamlet fails to complete his task. Hamlet represents the few number of the advanced person emerging in the feudal society. The struggle between Hamlet and Claudius represents that between the newly emerged capital humanist and feudal reactionary force, which reflects the conflict between the advanced people and evil force in Renaissance. However, it is a complicated time, with the social crime of feudal force and the capital accumulation, it is a gloom time, and it is destined to fail for the advanced people.ConclusionWith abundant and vivid plots, Hamlet reveals an important thought: in the later of Renaissance, the central state power was stable, the system of government was charged by the King. The King abandoned the capitalist class, arbitrarily and dictatorially, he forcibly occupied all the benefit; in political, he went against the progressive measure, then the feudal force had the chance to state a comeback, all the country was filled with foul, and each trying to cheat the other. Under such background, the capital humanists were angry with it. All the ordinary people even could not bear the exploitation coming from the feudal and original accumulation, but they could do nothing to help themselves. Such phenomenon was just about which happened before the bourgeoisie revolutionary in 1645. Humanists had the thought to remove the unforgivable King and reverse the situation, but they fell into hesitation, because the responsibility for them was hard to complete.Taking the court of Denmark in the Middle Ages for the background, according to the story of Hamlet’s revenge for his father’s death, Hamlet describes the truth England and th e Europe society in the later Renaissance. It reveals the author’s self-questioning on Renaissance movement and his carelessness on people’s life and future. The Renaissance promotes Europe into the time human beings awakening. People’s belief to God began to shake, under the flag of “personality liberation”; it was the custom to do what you like to. For one side, people’s thought liberated, which promoted the development of the social civilization. In the other side, especially in the later of Renaissance, it was full of overflow of selfish desire and social’s confusion. Encountering such an enthusiasm and confused time, instead of the optimistic and romantic brought by the humanism, Shakespeare shows us the hidden danger which hided in the ideal and progress. It is destined to fail for humanists. Hamlet is the reflection of such social phenomena.AcknowledgementsI would like to take this opportunity to thank my tutor—Chen Shunjiang, who offers me academic and constructive advices on composing this paper. His encouragement and help are worthy of high acknowledgement. During the learning of my paper, Mr. Chen gives me much good and valuable advice on my course, and provides me many opportunities to do practice. Because of those opportunities, I can accumulate much practical experience and precious theories for this paper. In the process of composing this paper, he helps me correct this paper and make it more perfect.I would like to express my thanks to those who spend their time in reading my paper, and I will be grateful if you could give me your advice, and I will appreciate them very well. Because I know that will be beneficial and helpful in my life. Meanwhile, I’d like to say thanks to my dear friends, Tang Xuejin, Li Jiangtao, Shu Qing, and so on, who give my ideas in my work, so that I can complete my paper on time.I hope I can apply my knowledge to my practical job in the future, and make some achievements during my career.Bibliography[1] Bradley. A C. Lecture IV: Hamlet. London: Macmillan, 1922.[2] Cartwright Kent. Remembering Hamlet, University Park, Penn: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1991.[3] Michael Mangan. A Preface to Shakespeare’s Tragedy. Peking University Press, 2001.[4] William Shakespeare. Hamle, Prince of Denmar.. The Oxford Standard Authors Edition. 1601.[5] Zhang Longxi. Reading Shakespeare: Hamlet. Room G07, Lee Wai Chun Building, CUHK, 2003.[6] 黄源．外国文学史新编[M] ．浙江文艺出版社，1987．[7] 基托．哈姆雷特[M] ．北京：中国社会科学出版社，1981，P427-450．[8] 孟宪强．外国文学[M] ．河南：河南教育出版社，1988．[9] 施咸荣．借鉴与探讨——外国文学部分[M] ．北京：北京十月文艺出版社，1986．[10] 王守仁．英国文学选读（第二版）[M] ．北京：高等教育出版社，2005．[11] 王佐良等．欧洲文化入门[M] ．北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2005．[12] 杨周翰．莎士比亚评论汇篇[M] ．北京：中社会科学出版社，1981．[13] 张泗洋等．莎士比亚引论[M] ．北京：中国戏剧出版社，1989．[14] 朱维之等．外国文学简编第四版[M] ．中人民大学出版社，1999．[15] 朱生豪．莎士比亚全集[M] ．北京：人民文学出版社，1981．。
双语阅读《哈姆雷特》节选
双语阅读《哈姆雷特》节选双语阅读《哈姆雷特》节选《哈姆雷特(Hamlet)》是由英国剧作家威廉·莎士比亚创作于1599年至1602年间的一部悲剧作品。
以下是应届毕业生网店铺为大家推荐的双语阅读《哈姆雷特》节选，希望大家喜欢。
Hamlet is one of Shakespeare’s great tragedies and possibly the most mis-quoted. It deals with the psychological torment of a young Danish prince, Hamlet himself, who is racked with murderous intent. Hamlet’s Father, the King of Denmark, is dead and the Ki ng’s brother (Hamlet’s uncle), Claudius, has married the widowed Queen, Gertrude. Hamlet is disgusted and cannot bear that his mother has betrayed his father’s memory in what he considers to be an incestuous manner. When the ghost of the dead King appears to Hamlet and fills him with a powerful desire for revenge, Hamlet becomes more and more desperate to destroy Claudius and avenge his father’s memory. However, despite this desire to kill his stepfather, Hamlet struggles to achieve his purpose and a series of disastrous events ensue. He mistreats his Love, Ophelia, who is so distraught by the change in Hamlet’s manner towards her that she is driven to insanity, the beautiful yet tormented soliloquies engaged in by Hamlet become increasingly desperate as Ham let’s rage and despair strengthen, and Gertrude’s belief that Hamlet is mad with grief is apparent when Gertrude and Hamlet Speak together in Act IV. Hamlet is Shakespeare’s greatest tragic hero and, while the end of the Play is inevitable, the unravelling of the story is a wonder. Each scene is rendered in words of poetic beauty that simultaneously delight and horrify. The play is still as relevant today as it was when it was first written and performed as societyis still troubled with political intrigue and deception, the hunt for bloody revenge, the tortures of a doomed love, and the cruelty of bereavement and loss. It is because Shakespeare speaks for humanity as a whole that makes Hamlet, like so many of his plays, universal. Hamlet is not bound by its time but transcends this boundary to speak to people just as powerfully as it did four hundred years ago.哈姆雷特王子是最近突然驾崩的丹麦王哈姆雷特与皇后葛楚德的儿子。
哈姆雷特的英语读后感【四篇】
【导语】读完⼀本书以后，⼤家⼼中⼀定有不少感悟，让我们好好写份读后感，把你的收获和感想记录下来吧。
到底应如何写读后感呢？下⾯是©⽆忧考⽹整理的哈姆雷特的英语读后感【四篇】，希望对你们有帮助！【篇⼀】哈姆雷特的英语读后感 " Hamlet " of Shakespear is a classical representative work. This book certainly does not have the big difference in the superficial plot with the historical fable, spoke or the Danish prince the story which revenged for the father, in which fills the rank smell of blood violence and dies.Just like the dramatis personae Horatio said: " you may hear to to rape massacre, the unusual repair behavior, the dark center decision, accidental slaughter, borrows the hand murder , as well as falls into suicide result." Windingly elects the plot, tightly centers on the revenge to launch. Hamlet Wittenberg hurries back the home in a hurry from Germany, is attends his father‘s funeral, enables him to accept, he not catches up with father‘s funeral, actually witnessed the mother and the Uncle Claudius‘ wedding ceremony, this had caused Hamm the Wright suspicion at the heart, added night above meets in the royal palace castle with father‘s ghost, the ghost sorrow sued, this pile atrocity was Uncle Hamlet the behavior, and wanted him to revenge for the father.To this, he started the difficult revenge course, launched the life and death contest with Claudius. Finally, sent out sword the revenge to Claudius Hamlet is a man with contradictory,he had many chances to kill Claudius,but he hesitated,which reflects the religious thought poisons.【篇⼆】哈姆雷特的英语读后感 “To be, or not to be, that is the question”。
The causes of Hamle t造成哈姆雷特悲剧的原因
The causes of Hamlet's tragedyAs we all know, Hamlet is one of the most powerful and influential tragedies wrote by William Shakespeare.He is so impressed that may be every person has his own thoughts and ideas about Hamlet's tragedy. However, just for me, I think that his tragedy largely owes to his characters.First of all, he has a painful struggle, in this struggle, he is struggling with the choices of committing suicide as a means of escape or murdering Claudius, his uncle and the present new king to averange his father. Hence, he is always losing him in the question "To be or not to be". This reveals his hesitation, and the hesitation is the most important reason for his tragedy.Second, he is a humanist, he is melancholic. It is no doubt that the death of his father was a shock for him and he could not get over it. At the same time, his mother married the new king Claudius right away after his father died and hadn't mourn his father, because of his typical character: melancholy. He still gave up the way to revenge that had figured out. So, he was beaten by his character again.Third, I think that Hamlet thought too much. He has several opportunities to kill Claudius, such as when Claudius is praying and so on. But he was just drove by his thought that he did notwant to send Claudius to the heaven, just for this simple and ridiculous idea. He was not faith to his will and target, but the thought and idea. Therefore, he was a tragedy.Fourth, he is not brave. For most of us, even in the plays, if a person is filled with hostility of his or her father, they will make every effort to revenge to their fathers. However, Hamlet just put all the hostility into his deep mind, not take it in action. Pretending crazy is his major way. This also make a neglect influence on his tragedy.Another important reason is that he is too stubborn. He believes in the religion. He thought if he killed his uncle he would not own the religious morality. Even if he trusted the ghost of his father who was not exist, he did not kill Claudius directly.To sum up, Hamlet is a complex prince. Also, he possesses a complex characters. There are also other characters, for instance, sentimental, devoutly, doubtful, etc.. All the typical traits contribute to his tragedy.。
Hamlet's hesitation
/wiki/HamletFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaScholars have debated for centuries about Hamlet's hesitation in killing his uncle. Some see it as a plot device to prolong the action, and others see it as the result of pressure exerted by the complex philosophical and ethical issues that surround cold-blooded murder, calculated revenge and thwarted desire. But the latter was focused on more.Then, why Hamlet was so hesitative in the drama?A: According to the drama itself.a: In the first two acts Hamlet cannot kill Claudius until he can prove that he poisoned the late king.b: Next, Hamlet comes up with the idea of the play to prove whether or not Claudius is guilty. Hamlet discovers Claudius is guilt but has no evidence to present to the peoplec: another reason why Hamlet stays his hand is because Claudius is praying.--- if he kills Claudius while he is praying he might go to heavenB: According to the religious background.Religious:Written at a time of religious upheaval, and in the wake of the English Reformation, the play is alternately Catholic and Protestant. The Ghost describes himself as being in purgatory, and as dying without last rites. This and Ophelia's burial ceremony, which is characteristically Catholic, make up most of the play's Catholic connections. Some scholars have observed that revenge tragedies come from traditionally Catholic countries, such as Spain and Italy; and they present a contradiction, since according to Catholic doctrine the strongest duty is to God and family. Hamlet's conundrum, then, is whether to avenge his father and kill Claudius or to leave the vengeance to God, as his religion requires.[65]C: Based on the psychological analyses.1. Freud suggested that an unconscious oedipal conflict caused Hamlet's hesitations:In his The Interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud's analysis starts from the premise that "the play is built up on Hamlet's hesitations over fulfilling the task of revenge that is assigned to him; but its text offers no reasons or motives for these hesitations".After reviewing various literary theories, Freud concludes that Hamlet has an "Oedipal desire for his mother and the subsequent guilt [is] preventing him from murdering the man [Claudius] who has done what he unconsciously wanted to do”. Confronted with his repressed desires, Hamlet realises that "he himself is literally no better than the sinner whom he is to punish". Freud suggests that Hamlet's apparent "distaste for sexuality"—articulated in his "nunnery" conversation with Ophelia—accords with this interpretation.2. Ernest Jones—a psychoanalyst and Freud's biographer—developed Freud's ideas into a series of essays that culminated in his book Hamlet and Oedipus (1949):3. Lacan's structuralist theoriesIn Lacan's analysis, Hamlet unconsciously assumes the role of phallus—the cause of his inaction—and is increasingly distanced from reality"by mourning, fantasy, narcissism and psychosis", which create holes in the real, imaginary, and symbolic aspects of his psyche. Lacan's theories influenced literary criticism of Hamlet because of his alternative vision of the play and his use of semantics to explore the play's psychological landscape.[87]Hamlet's struggle for revengehttp://www.e-scoala.ro/referate/engleza_shakespeare_hamlet.htmlHamlet and his hesitationOne should start by defining `Hamlet'. `Hamlet' is a tragedy. The tragic action stems from a flaw or failing act of shame or horror, and as a result the protagonist suffers intensely. The protagonist- Hamlet in this play has a fatal defect or tragic trait in his character- uncertainty, delay of action. There are also two conflicts involved: an inner conflict in the mind and soul of the protagonist, and an outer or physical one as he comes into collisions with his opponents. But the centre of a tragic impression is the sense of waste. There is a profound sense of sadness, wasted talent and unnecessary suffering towards or at the end.The character of Hamlet stands quite by itself. It is not a character marked by strength of will or even of passion, but by refinement of thought and sentiment. It is more his taste to indulge his imagination in reflecting upon the enormity of the crime and refining his schemes of vengeance, than to put them into immediate practice- his ruling passion is to think and not to act.Hamlet is plagued by self-doubts. In his second soliloquy, the essence of his true conflict is uncovered. He is committed to seeking revenge for his father, King Hamlet, yet he cannot act on behalf of his father because of his revulsion towards extracting that cold and calculating revenge. Hamlets self-condemnation takes several forms, including a series of imaginary, demeaning insults that he absorbs like a coward- he feels he has done nothing to take revenge on Claudius and feels like he lacks the ability- `unpregnant of my cause'. Hamlet fails to quell his apprehensions of committing murder, so he tries to focus his attention on a plan to ensure Claudius admits his own guilt. He stages the play `The Mousetrap' where Claudius's crimes are re-enacted, forcing the King to reveal his own guilt. This gives him proof that revenge on Claudius would be justified- so he sets out to `catch the conscience of the King.'Hamlet tries to find reason for his inadequacy- `Am I a coward?'But his hesitation does not make him one. He is a Prince, an intellectual and has a sense of social duty towards Denmark and its people. One should ask, why does Hamlet procrastinate in taking revenge on Claudius? He is a man of great moral integrity who is forced to commit an act, which goes against his deepest principles. Through his soliloquies, he tries to make sense of his moral dilemma. To take another perspective, one could say that Hamlet has become so disenchanted with life since his father's death that he has neither the desire nor the will to exact revenge. He is also faced with an appearance- reality dilemma- he does not know whom to and who not to trust- what the other characters may appear to be, may not be reality.Hamlet would rather have confirmation of his uncle's betrayal or treachery before taking action. His third soliloquy-`To be, or not to be' is governed more by reason than by frenzied motion as compared to the previous one. He asks whether one should live or not, but it could also be a question as to whether to take action or not; a question between reason and passion. To me, the opening line of this soliloquy does not suggest that Hamlet is hesitating, but rather that he contemplates and sparks an internal debate within himself.I agree that Hamlet possesses a quality of nobility. It is noble and reasonable for him to confirm Claudius's guilt and also to confirm that the ghost of his father is an, `honest ghost.' He prepares to duel against Laertes at the near end, although there was no honour on Laertes' part as he avenges his father's death. `There is special providence in the fall of a sparrow...the readiness is all.' Throughout the play Hamlet has known more than any of the others, but here he accepts the fact that no man has achieved knowledge about the true nature of reality.From these lines one can conclude that Hamlet is content and has `resigned to his fate.' He seems to have resolved the conflict he had previously with himself and answers a question he once asked- `Let be.'As with all tragedies, the moral order in the end is re-established, as Hamlet kills the King and although he himself dies, Denmark is left in the hands of a responsible Fortinbras- Prince of Norway.Hamlet was definitely plagued by self-doubts, and this did result in his hesitation, but it did not make him a coward and rather brought his honesty and nobility to the fore. He would not have wanted to regret something that shouldn't have happened, and although he lost the power of action in the energy of resolve, he thought about his plans and reasoned, and in the end it counted.。
哈姆雷特-英国文学赏析
Appreciation of English Literature——HamletThis story is about prince of Denmark Hamlet revenge his uncle,who killed his father, with his own life being end. In the first part of the story, Hamlet was anger for unchastity of his mother. At latter, the ghost of the old Hamlet, father of Hamlet , told Hamlet that he was killed by Claudius, and asked Hamlet to revenge for him. The ghost is a significant character in this story because it let Hamlet know the truth of the death of his father, and then the whole story developed around Hamlet’s revenge.In the second part of the story, Hamlet pretended to be a madman. He arranged a drama which was similar with the truth of the death of his father to evaluate whether the words of the ghost is true. After affirming that his father was killed by Claudius, Hamlet decided to revenge for his father. When Claudius was ashamed of his evil behavior in the garden, Hamlet abandon to kill his uncle in this time. Then his mother called him to her palace. Polonius hided behind the curtain to eavesdrop on the talk between queen and Hamlet. But Hamlet was supposed he was king Claudius and stabbed him with sword.In the last part, Hamlet had a competition with Laertes, but he didn’t know Claudius and Laertes had a evil conspiracy to kill him. At last the queen drunk the poisonous wine to died, Claudius was stabbed to died by Hamlet, Hamlet was stabbed to died by Laertes, and Laertes was also killed by Hamlet. In this tragedy, all people related to the revenge were dead at the end. Horatio, the friend of Hamlet was the only one still alive who knew the truth. Characters: Hamlet was the protagonist of Hamlet. Once this drama was wrote, many scholars and expert have studied what characters Hamlet has. Different people have different ideas about his character. In my perspective, he was upright, courageous, wise, principled, firm and so on.Many people think that Hamlet was irresolute, because when he had a chanceto kill the king Claudius, he abandon this chance. Some people think he payed too much energy in making decision to have courage to take actions, and he was just weak-headed. However, I don’t think so. Hamlet was a kind-hearted man,though he was a prince, having high and honored rank, he treat his friend with no prejudice. He hated to achieve his goal with devious ways, and also hated people who do like this. He will not do anything beyond his principle. Obviously, we can simply explain why Hamlet give up to make a sneak attack . Hamlet felt that if a man was killed when he confessed to the god, he would go to the heaven because his guilt was pardoned. What’s more, a devout Christian was pretty believed in god and their belief. When Ophelia drawn in the water, the clown had said a suicide man can not be burial according to the Christian ceremony. So I think Hamlet was a man with strong principle not irresolution. There is another evidence proving this. The queen talked with Hamlet in her palace following the instruction of the Claudius. When Hamlet became excited, the cries of Polonius hiding behind the curtain made Hamlet regarded him as Claudius, and Hamlet stabbed him to died. Hamlet’s behavior without hesitation can show his firm decision and strong power in actions. Unfortunately, who he killed was the father of his lover, which a principal contribution of the tragic end.Another personalty of Hamlet I intend to refer was his wisdom. When he knew the truth of the death of his father, he was really sad and sorrow. His mind was seriously stroked and destroyed, so that he can not hide his mood perfectly. He came up with a idea pretending to be a madman. A madman ’s crazy and unusual action could hide the real emotion of Hamlet and secured to reduce the suspicion of Claudius. Furthermore, becoming a madman, Hamlet can observe whether Claudius did the evil thing secretly. In the drama, Hamlet had a large number of crazy actions and words, his faultless performance made everyone including the king and the queen believe in his mad. The drama Hamlet arranged exposed his wisdom in another hand. When Hamlet decided to go back Denmark, he tampered the contentof the secret letter, and let the king of the England execute Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, which also show wisdom of Hamlet.In Hamlet, Shakespeare depicted many characters having various characteristics. The king Claudius was cunning and shameless, he never lowered his vigilance to Hamlet and catch any chance to kill Hamlet. The queen was unchaste, flabby, indecisive but have a heart to her son. Her hoped Hamlet followed with Claudius to survival, and she took care of marriage of Hamlet. Ophelia is a pure and kindhearted but weak girl, she desired to love but submitted to her father and brother. Appreciation: “to be or not to be, it’s a question” Complying with the reality for surviving or fighting with the reality. Many people will struggle with this problem and be in a dilemma. In the movie Twelve years a slave , most slaves just went to be slaves and complied with their master. A few slaves were reluctant to be slaves and fight, but they just died. The protagonist seemed to abandon his past identify according his performance, but in his heart, he was always a freeman, and he looked for any hope to help him to be a freeman again, though sometimes the hope contained dangers. With his endeavor, a Canadian helped him and he came to be a freeman after twelve years life of slave. Solomon was one of a less number of slaves who be saved. Sometimes, the reality is pretty cruel, and cold. But living with a light can made people a litter comfort. This light can made the life seem a litter warm. Fighting with the reality is the best choice for Hamlet. We make a assumption that Hamlet complied with Claudius, forgot the hatred and unchastity of his mother, pretended to know nothing. Hamlet may really be mad, because he need to changeover his personality to achieve this choice. As a result, a man’s all choice depended on his personalities.Characters like Hamlet, I am still able to catch the essential points of Hamlet for the first time to read original literature works. Sorts of brief but classical dialogues make an impressive impression on me ,part of which have become famous proverbs being widely used till nowadays. For instance, Hamlet’s remarks”to be or not to be,is the question”is constantly been quoted when modern individuals are trying to make a hard decision whether to give up or not. Having accomplished the work, a couple of leading of characters impress me deeply. Hamlet once is an optimistic, happy prince, while becomes heavyhearted after his father’s death and his mother’s over-hasty marriage. It rightly turns out a usual saying that a person’s characteristic change up to the circumstance to be right. I have great sympathy for Ophelia, a fairy kindhearted girl. She has to deny Hamlet’s affection for her in her situation and bear huge pain alone within heart. She loses her lover as well as his father. Therefore, she is driven into desperate states. She dies at last. As to Laertes, he is completely taken advantage of by foxy Claudius for his urgent mentality to average his father a bad ending. Claudius, a murderer and a poisoner, should be blamed for the tragedy. I’ll analyze his characteristic in detail. First of all, Claudius is cruel person. He uses such a cruel method that pours poison in the king’s ears to murder his brother when the king is in the sleeping. He also takes up his brother’s wife regardless of feeling of brothers. At the end of the story, Claudius does further think double ways to kill Hamlet. That is, to pour poison on both Hamlet’s cup and Laertess’s sword. Above all, he is rather cold-blooded and self despite that Claudius has done sorts of wrongdoings, he is still in upset. He comforts himself that his fault is past, and compares his doing to ambition, which is ridiculous. Claudius prays that god forgives his foul murder. Moreover,Claudius is doubtful and foxy. When Polonius concludes that Hamlet is mad for his love, Ophelia. Claudius doubts Hamlet’s madness and thinks out kinds of ways to test of him. When he knows Hamlet is not really crazy, he assumes that Hamlet is full of threats and some danger to him. So he is meant to send Hamlet out of the country and have Hamlet murder. In addition, Claudius takes advantage of others as his tool to reach his purpose. He lets Gratrude to talk with Hamlet and sends Polonius to hear their conference. Both Laertes and his father areused by Claudius, with ending of dying. Let’s see how Claudius persuades Laertes to fight with Hamlet. Firstly, Claudius announces that he is guiltless of Polonius’s death and most sensible in grief for it. He shows that he has nothing to do with Laertes’s father’s killing to get close to Laertes. What’s more, he wants to purchase Laertes with money, power. Claudius even promises to give his kingdom, crown and life to Laertes in his satisfaction. Of course, he definitely knows laertes will not accept. Claudius takes further measures to win Laertes’s father. These fake words come from Claudius. Finally, Claudius’s comspriracy is realized, he asks Laertes “will you be ruled by me”, Laertes agrees.Claudius urges Laertes to undertake the action with the words “to show yourself your father’s son in deed more than in words”. That’s how Claudius makes use of Laertes step by step. Claudius dies and gets punishment what he deserves at last.Reading hamlet is quiet a valuable experience in which I understand a lot. The ending is miserable, all the main characters die, while it deserves thinking deeply. Self Assessment I choose the appreciation of British and American classical as the elective course this semester. I think it is a good opportunity for me to learn specialized knowledge about the classical British and American literature. Under the guidance of teacher, I can enjoy the good movies both classical and modern more in depth.。
英国文学练习二
Exercise TwoI. Fill in each blank.1. Edmund Spenser is often referred to as “the poet’s poet”.2. Edmund Spenser is generally regarded as the greatest non-dramatic poet of the Elizabethan Age. His fame is chiefly based on his masterpiece The Faerie Queene .3. Hamet , Othello , King Lear and Macbeth are generally regarded as Shakespeare’s four great tragedies.4. A Midsummer Night’s Dream , The Merchant of Venice , As You Like It and Twlefth Night are generally regarded as Shakespeare’s four great comedies.5. The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus is one of Marlove ’s best plays.6. Thomas More’s masterpiece is Utopia .7. Jonson was in reality the Poet Laureate of James I.II. Choose the best answer.( B ) 1. The highest glory of the English Renaissance was unquestionably its ______________.A. sonnetsB. DramaC. blank verseD. translation( A ) 2. The Elizabethan Age was largely one of drama eminently represented by ________ and Shakespeare.A. C. MarloweB. J. DonneC. J. MiltonD. B. Jonson( D ) 3. Utopia was written in the form of _____.A. dramaB. monologueC. romanceD. dialogue( C ) 4. _____ is the first philosopher of industrial science.A. Philip SidneyB. Walter RaleighC. Francis BaconD. Edmund Spenser( D ) 5 In Elizabethan Period, ____ wrote more than fifty excellent essays, which made him one of the best essayists in English literature.A. Walter RaleighB. John LylyC. Edmund SpenserD. Francis Bacon( B ) 6 “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day” is a line from one of ____’s best known sonnets.A. Christopher MaloweB. William ShakespeareC. Edmund SpenserD. Ben Jonson( D ) 7 Shakespeare’s plays are poetical. A great number of important dialogues and soliloquies in his plays assume the form of ____.A. science fictionB. essayC. familiar essayD. poetry( B ) 8 ____ founded the Tudor dynasty, a centralized monarchy of a totally new type, which met the needs of the rising bourgeoisie and so won its support.A. Henry ⅤB. Henry ⅦC. Henry ⅧD. James Ⅰ( A ) 9 The epoch of Renaissance witnessed a particular development of English drama. It was ____ who made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama.A. Christopher MaloweB. Thomas MoreC. Edmund SpenserD. Ben Jonson ( B ) 10 English Renaissance Period was an age of ____.A. prose and novelB. poetry and dramaC. essays and journalsD. ballads and songs( D ) 11 “Denmark is a prison”. In which play does the hero summarize his observation of his world into such a bitter sentence?A. OthelloB. Henry ⅧC. The Merchant of VeniceD. Hamlet( D ) 12 In which play does the hero show his profound reverence for man through the sentence: “What a piece of work is a man! How noble in reason! How infinite in faculty”?A. OthelloB. Henry ⅧC. The Merchant of VeniceD. HamletIII. Answer the following questions.1. What are the main features of Renaissance?P30The one is a thirsting curiosity for classical literature.Another feature of the Renaissance is the keen interest in the activities of humanity.2. Make comments on the heroines in Shakespeare’s comedies.In William Shakespeare's comedies we find a expression of his ungrudging. equalitari an atudetoward women.These plays show, in different ways, William Shakespeare's respect for the dignityhon esty, wit, courage, determination and resourcefulness of women.Though there are weariness and frailty sometimes,they never lose courage intime of danger.And with every pang of affection and anxiety they only grow stronger and more capable of coping with various situations.In the ideal women of William Shakespeare’s comedies,the heart and head sway equal.3. Analyze Hamlet’s hesitation in killing his uncle.The reason Hamlet gives for his refusing to kill the King is that if he kills the Vainan now,he would send his soul to heaven;and he would fain kill soul as well as body.But what he really shrinks from is the responsibility of premeditated killing of a king and its political result,because at that time the abrupt death of the King might cause panic to the people and danger to the state.So what he considers now is no longer his personal wrong but the fated his coumy. This is the real reason of his delay in action.。
Hamlet
performing the sinful deed. Others would have it that Hamlet was a melancholic
and therefore was too intellectual to kill his uncle. Infamous psychologist,
He's a melancholic and he suffers from a severe Oedipal complex.
pontentially dangerous, sends him away to England. The King also writes a
letter which he entrusts to Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. The letter is
Hamlet suffering from an Oedipal complex. An Oedipal complex is a theory Freud
developed from Sophicles' play, Oedipus Rex.. When a boy does not lose his
for avenging his father.
When the ghost of King Hamlet appears and tells his son Claudius killed him by
pouring poison in his ear, Hamlet does not act upon the word of the specter. He
the play. In the final scene, Queen Gertrude drinks poison and Hamlet kills