2018年12月大学英语四级核心词汇全突破(下)
2018年大学英语四级词汇表WORD
2018年大学英语四级词汇表abandon vt.丢弃；放弃，抛弃ability n.能力；能耐，本领abnormal a.不正常的；变态的aboard ad.在船(车)上；上船abroad ad.(在)国外；到处absence n.缺席，不在场；缺乏absent a.不在场的；缺乏的absolute a.绝对的；纯粹的absolutely ad.完全地；绝对地absorb vt.吸收；使专心abstract a.抽象的n.摘要abundant a.丰富的；大量的abuse vt.滥用；虐待n.滥用academic a.学院的；学术的academy n.私立中学；专科院校accelerate vt.(使)加快；促进acceleration n.加速；加速度accent n.口音，腔调；重音acceptable a.可接受的，合意的acceptance n.接受，验收；承认access n.接近；通道，入口accessory n.同谋，从犯；附件accident n.意外的；事故accidental a.偶然的；非本质的accommodate vt.容纳；供应，供给accommodation n.招待设备；预定铺位accompany vt.陪伴，陪同；伴随accomplish vt.达到(目的)；完成accord vt.使一致；给予accordance n.一致；和谐；授予accordingly ad.因此，所以；照着account n.记述；解释；帐目accumulate vt.积累vi.堆积accuracy n.准确(性)；准确度accurate a.准确的，正确无误的accuse vt.指责；归咎于accustom vt.使习惯accustomed a.惯常的；习惯的achieve vt.完成，实现；达到achievement n.完成；成就，成绩acid n.酸；酸的，酸性的acquaintance n.认识；了解；熟人acquire vt.取得；获得；学到acre n.英亩(=6.07亩)act vi.行动；见效n.行为action n.行动；作用；功能active a.活跃的；积极的activity n.活动；活力；行动actress n.女演员actually ad.实际上；竟然acute a.尖的，锐的；敏锐的adapt vt.使适应；改编add vt.添加，附加，掺加addition n.加，加法；附加物additional a.附加的，追加的address n.地址；演说；谈吐adequate a.足够的；可以胜任的adjective n.形容词a.形容词的adjust vt.调整，调节；校正administration n.管理；管理部门admire vt.钦佩，羡慕，赞赏admission n.允许进入；承认admit vt.承认；准许…进入adopt vt.收养；采用；采取advance vi.前进；提高n.进展advanced a.先进的；高级的advantage n.优点，优势；好处adventure n.冒险；惊险活动adverb n.副词advertisement n.广告；登广告advisable n.明智的；可取的advise vt.劝告；建议；通知aeroplane n.飞机affair n.事情，事件；事务affect vt.影响；感动affection n.慈爱，爱；爱慕afford vt.担负得起…；提供African a.非洲的n.非洲人agency n.经办；代理；代理处agent n.代理人，代理商aggressive a.侵略的；好斗的agony n.极度痛苦agreement n.协定，协议；同意agriculture n.农业，农艺；农学aid n.帮助，救护；助手aircraft n.飞机，飞行器airline n.航空公司；航线airplane n.飞机airport n.机场，航空站alarm n.惊恐，忧虑；警报alcohol n.酒精，乙醇allow vt.允许，准许；任alloy n.合金；(金属的)成色alone a.单独的ad.单独地alphabet n.字母表，字母系统alter vt.改变，变更；改做alternative n.替换物；取舍，抉择although conj.尽管，虽然altitude n.高，高度；高处altogether ad.完全；总而言之aluminium n.铝amaze vt.使惊奇，使惊愕ambition n.雄心，抱负，野心ambulance n.救护车；野战医院amongst prep在…之中(=among) amount n.总数；数量；和ampere n.安培amplify vt.放大，增强；扩大amuse vt.逗…乐；给…娱乐analyse vt.分析，分解，解析analysis n.分析，分解，解析ancestor n.祖宗，祖先anchor n.锚vi.抛锚，停泊ancient a.古代的，古老的angel n.天使，神差，安琪儿anger n.怒，愤怒vt.使发怒angle n.角，角度angry a.愤怒的，生气的ankle n.踝，踝节部announce vt.宣布，宣告，发表announcer n.宣告者；播音员annoy vt.使恼怒；打搅annual a.每年的n.年报anticipate vt.预料，预期，期望anxiety n.焦虑，忧虑；渴望anxious a.忧虑的；渴望的anyway ad.无论如何apart ad.相隔；分开；除去apartment n.一套公寓房间apologize vi.道歉，谢罪，认错apology n.道歉，认错，谢罪apparatus n.器械，仪器；器官apparent a.表面上的；明显的appeal vi.&n.呼吁；申述appear vi.出现；来到；似乎appearance n.出现，来到；外观appetite n.食欲，胃口；欲望appliance n.用具，器具，器械applicable a.能应用的；适当的application n.请求，申请；施用apply vt.应用，实施，使用appoint vt.任命，委任；约定appointment n.任命；约定，约会appreciate vt.欣赏；领会；感谢approach vt.向…靠近n.靠近appropriate a.适当的，恰当的approval n.赞成，同意；批准approve vt.赞成，称许；批准approximately ad.近似地，大约Arabian a.阿拉伯的arbitrary a.随心所欲的；专断的architecture n.建筑学；建筑式样argument n.争论，辩论；理由arise vi.出现；由…引起arithmetic n.算术，四则运算arouse vt.引起，唤起；唤醒arrangement n.整理，排列；安排arrest vt.逮捕，拘留；阻止arrival n.到达；到来；到达者arrive vi.到达；来临；达到arrow n.箭；箭状物artificial a.人工的；娇揉造作的artist n.艺术家，美术家artistic a.艺术的；艺术家的ash n.灰，灰末；骨灰ashamed a.惭愧(的)；羞耻(的) asleep a.睡着的，睡熟的aspect n.方面；样子，外表assemble vt.集合，召集；装配assembly n.集合；集会；装配assess vt.对(财产等)估价assign vt.指派；分配；指定assignment n.任务，指定的作业assist vt.援助，帮助；搀扶assistant n.助手，助理；助教associate vi.交往n.伙伴，同事association n.协会，团体；联合assume vt.假定；承担；呈现assure vt.使确信；向…保证astonish vt.使惊讶，使吃惊astronaut n.宇宙航行员，宇航员athlete n.运动员；田径运动员Atlantic a.大西洋的n.大西洋atmosphere n.大气；空气；气氛atmospheric a.大气的；大气层的atom n.原子；微粒；微量atomic a.原子的；原子能的attach vt.缚，系，贴；附加attack vt.&vi.&n.攻击，进攻attain vt.达到，获得，完成attempt vt.尝试，试图n.企图attend vt.出席；照顾，护理attention n.注意，留心；注意力attentive a.注意的；有礼貌的attitude n.态度，看法；姿势attract vt.吸引；引起，诱惑attraction n.吸引；吸引力；引力attractive a.有吸引力的attribute vt.把…归因于n.属性audience n.听众，观众，读者August n.八月aural a.耳的，听觉的Australia n.澳大利亚Australian a.澳大利亚的author n.作者，作家authority n.当局，官方；权力auto n.(口语)汽车automatic a.自动的；机械的automation n.自动，自动化automobile n.汽车，机动车auxiliary a.辅助的；附属的available a.可利用的；通用的avenue n.林荫道，道路；大街average n.平均数a.平均的aviation n.航空，航空学avoid vt.避免，躲开；撤消await vt.等候，期待awake a.醒着的vt.唤醒award n.奖，奖品；判定aware a.知道的，意识到的awful a.令人不愉快的awfully ad.令人畏惧的；很awkward a.笨拙的；尴尬的ax n.斧子axis n.轴，轴线；中心线bacteria n.细菌badminton n.羽毛球baggage n.行李bake vt.烤，烘，焙；烧硬balance vt.使平衡；称n.天平band n.乐队；带；波段bang n.巨响，枪声；猛击banner n.旗，旗帜，横幅bar n.酒吧间；条，杆；栅barber n.理发师bare a.赤裸的；仅仅的bargain n.交易vi.议价；成交bark n.吠叫声vi.吠，叫barn n.谷仓；牲口棚barrel n.桶；圆筒；枪管barrier n.栅栏，屏障；障碍basic a.基本的，基础的basically ad.基本上basin n.盆，洗脸盆；盆地basis n.基础，根据bat n.球拍；短棍；蝙蝠bath n.浴，洗澡；浴缸bathe vt.给…洗澡；弄湿bathroom n.浴室；盥洗室battery n.电池；一套，一组battle n.战役；斗争vi.作战bay n.湾；山脉中的凹处B.C. (缩)公元前beach n.海滩，湖滩，河滩beam n.梁；横梁；束，柱bean n.豆，蚕豆bear n.熊；粗鲁的人bear vt.容忍；负担；生育beard n.胡须，络腮胡子beast n.兽，野兽；牲畜beat vt.&vi.打，敲；打败beautiful a.美的，美丽的beef n.牛肉；菜牛beg vt.&vi.乞求；请求beggar n.乞丐，穷人behalf n.利益，维护，支持behave vi.表现，举止；运转behavior n.行为，举止，态度being n.存在；生物；生命belief n.信任，相信；信念believe vt.相信；认为bell n.钟，铃，门铃；钟声belong vi.属于，附属beloved a.为…的爱的n.爱人belt n.带，腰带；皮带；区bench n.长凳，条凳；工作台bend vt.使弯曲vi.弯曲beneath prep.在…下方beneficial a.有利的，有益的benefit n.利益；恩惠；津贴berry n.浆果(如草莓等) beside prep.在…旁边besides ad.而且prep.除…之外bet vt.&vi.&n.打赌betray vt.背叛；辜负；泄漏beyond prep.在…的那边Bible n.基督教《圣经》bill n.账单；招贴；票据billion num.万亿(英)bind vt.捆绑；包扎；装钉biology n.生物学；生态学birthday n.生日，诞生的日期biscuit n.(英)饼干；(美)软饼bite vt.咬，叮，螫；剌穿bitter a.痛苦的；严寒的bitterly ad.苦苦地；悲痛地blade n.刀刃，刀片；叶片blame vt.责备，把…归咎于blank a.空白的n.空白blanket n.毛毯，毯子，羊毛毯blast n.爆炸，冲击波vt.炸blaze n.火；闪光vi.燃烧bleed vi.出血，流血；泌脂blend vt.&vi.&n.混和bless vt.为…祝福blind a.瞎的；盲目的block n.街区vt.堵塞，拦阻bloom n.花；开花，开花期blossom n.花，开花vi.开花blow vi.吹，吹动；吹响boast vi.自夸vt.吹嘘bold a.大胆的；冒失的bolt n.螺栓；插销vt.闩门bomb n.BoB vt.轰炸bond n.联结，联系；公债bone n.骨，骨骼boot n.靴子，长统靴booth n.货摊；公用电话亭border n.边，边缘；边界bore vt.使厌烦；钻，挖born a.天生的；出生的bosom n.胸，胸部；内心boss n.老板，上司vt.指挥bother vt.烦扰，迷惑n.麻烦bough n.树枝bounce vi.反跳，弹起；跳起bound a.一定的；有义务的boundary n.分界线，办界bow n.弓；蝴蝶结；鞠躬bowl n.碗，钵；碗状物box n.箱，盒；包箱；拳击vi.打拳brain n.脑，脑髓；脑力brake n.闸，刹车vi.制动branch n.树枝；分部；分科brand n.商品；烙印vt.铭刻brandy n.白兰地酒brass n.黄铜；黄铜器breadth n.宽度，幅度；幅面breathe vi.呼吸vt.呼吸breed n.品种vt.使繁殖breeze n.微风，和风brick n.砖，砖块；砖状物brief a.简短的；短暂的brighten vt.使发光；使快活brilliant a.光辉的；卓越的brim n.边，边缘；帽沿brisk a.活泼的；清新的bristle n.短而硬的毛；鬃毛Britain n.不列颠，英国British a.不列颠的，英联邦的brittle a.脆的；易损坏的broadcast n.广播，播音broken a.被打碎的，骨折的bronze n.青铜；青铜制品brood n.同窝幼鸟vt.孵(蛋) brook n.小河，溪流broom n.扫帚brow n.额；眉，眉毛brown n.褐色，棕色bruise n.青肿，伤痕；擦伤brush n.刷子，毛刷；画笔brute n.禽兽，畜生bubble n.泡vi.冒泡，沸腾bucket n.水桶；吊桶；铲斗bud n.芽，萌芽；蓓蕾bulb n.电灯泡；球状物bulk n.物体，容积，大批bull n.公牛；雄的象bullet n.枪弹，子弹，弹丸bunch n.束，球，串；一群bundle n.捆，包，束；包袱burden n.担子，重担；装载量bureau n.局，司，处；社，所burst vt.使爆裂vi.&n.爆炸bury vt.埋葬，葬；埋藏butcher n.屠夫；屠杀者butter n.黄油；奶油butterfly n.蝴蝶button n.扣子；按钮vt.扣紧cabbage n.洋白菜，卷心菜cabin n.小屋；船舱，机舱cabinet n.橱，柜；内阁cable n.缆，索；电缆；电报cafeteria n.自助食堂calculate vt.计算；估计；计划calculator n.计算器，计算者calendar n.日历，历书；历法camel n.骆驼camera n.照相机，摄影机camp n.野营，营地，兵营campaign n.战役；运动campus n.校园，学校场地Canada n.加拿大Canadian a.加拿大的canal n.运河；沟渠；管cancel vt.取消，撤消；删去cancer n.癌，癌症，肿瘤candidate n.候选人；投考者candle n.蜡烛；烛形物；烛光candy n.糖果；砂糖结晶cannon n.大炮，火炮；榴弹炮canoe n.独木舟，皮艇，划子canteen n.小卖部；临时餐室canvas n.粗帆布；一块油画布capable a.有能力的，有才能的capacity n.容量；能力；能量capital n.资本，资金；首都captain n.陆军上尉；队长captive n.俘虏，被监禁的人capture vt.捕获，俘获；夺得carbon n.碳care vi.关心，介意n.小心career n.生涯，职业，经历careful a.仔细的；细致的careless a.粗心的，漫不经心的cargo n.船货，货物carpenter n.木工，木匠carpet n.地毯，毡毯，毛毯carriage n.客车厢；四轮马车carrier n.运输工具；运载工具carrot n.胡罗卜carry vt.携带；运载；传送cart n.二轮运货马车carve vt.刻，雕刻；切开case n.情况；事实；病例case n.箱(子)，盒(子)，套cash n.现金，现款cassette n.盒式录音带；盒子cast vt.投，扔，抛；浇铸castle n.城堡；巨大建筑物casual a.偶然的；随便的catalog n.目录，目录册catch vt.捉住；赶上；领会cathedral n.总教堂；大教堂cattle n.牛；牲口，家畜cause n.原因，理由；事业cave n.山洞，洞穴，窑洞cease vi.&vi.&n.停止，停息ceiling n.天花板，顶蓬celebrate vt.庆祝；歌颂，赞美cell n.细胞；小房间cellar n.地窑，地下室cement n.水泥；胶泥vt.粘结centigrade a.百分度的centimetre n.公分，厘米central a.中心的；主要的centre n.中心；中枢vt.集中century n.世纪，百年ceremony n.典礼，仪式；礼节certainly ad.一定，必定；当然certainty n.必然；肯定certificate n.证书，证件，执照chain n.链，链条，项圈challenge n.挑战；要求，需要chamber n.会议室；房间；腔champion n.冠军，得胜者chance n.机会，机遇；可能性change n.改变，变化；零钱channel n.海峡；渠道；频道chapter n.章，回，篇character n.性格；特性；角色characteristic a.特有的n.特性charge vt.索价；控告n.费用charity n.施舍；慈善事业charming a.迷人的，可爱的chart n.图，图表；海图chase n.追逐，追赶，追求cheap a.廉价的；劣质的cheat vt.骗取；哄vi.行骗check vt.检查；制止n.检查cheek n.面颊，脸蛋cheer vt.使振作；欢呼cheerful a.快乐的，愉快的cheese n.乳酪，干酪chemical a.化学的n.化学制品chemist n.化学家；药剂师chemistry n.化学cheque n.支票cherry n.樱桃；樱桃树chess n.棋；国际象棋chest n.胸腔，胸膛；箱子chew vt.咀嚼，嚼碎chicken n.小鸡，小鸟；鸡肉chief a.主要的；首席的childhood n.童年，幼年；早期childish a.孩子的；幼稚的chill vt.使变冷n.寒冷chimney n.烟囱，烟筒；玻璃罩chin n.颏，下巴china n.瓷器，瓷料chocolate n.巧克力；巧克力糖choice n.选择，抉择choke vt.使窒息；塞满choose vt.选择，挑选；情愿chop vt.砍，劈；切细vi.砍Christian n.基督教徒；信徒Christmas n.圣诞节cigarette n.香烟，纸烟，卷烟cinema n.电影院；电影，影片circuit n.电路；环行；巡行circular a.圆的；循环的circulate vt.使循环vi.循环circumference n.圆周，周长，圆周线circumstance n.情况，条件；境遇citizen n.公民；市民，居民civil a.公民的；文职的civilization n.文明，文化；开化civilize vt.使文明；教育claim vt.声称，主张；索取clap vi.拍手vt.拍，轻拍clarify vt.澄清，阐明clasp n.扣子，钩子；别针classical a.古典的；经典的classification n.分类；分级；分类法classify vt.把…分类classmate n.同班同学classroom n.教室，课堂claw n.爪，脚爪，螯clay n.粘土，泥土；肉体clean a.清洁的；纯洁的clear a.清晰的vt.清除clearly ad.明白地，清晰地clerk n.店员；办事员，职员clever a.聪明的；机敏的cliff n.悬崖，峭壁climate n.气候；风土，地带climb vi.攀登，爬vt.爬cloak n.斗篷；覆盖(物)closely ad.紧密地，接近地clothe vt.给…穿衣服clue n.线索，暗示，提示clumsy a.笨拙的；愚笨的coach n.长途公共汽车coal n.煤，煤块coarse a.粗的，粗糙的coast n.海岸，海滨(地区)cock n.公鸡；雄禽；旋塞code n.准则；法典；代码coffee n.咖啡，咖啡茶coil n.(一)卷；线圈vt.卷coin n.硬币；铸造(硬币)collapse vi.倒坍；崩溃，瓦解collar n.衣领，项圈colleague n.同事，同僚collect vt.收集vi.收款collection n.搜集，收集；收藏品collective a.集体的；集合性的college n.学院；大学collision n.碰撞；冲突colonel n.陆军上校；中校colony n.殖民地；侨居地color n.颜色，彩色；颜料column n.柱，支柱，圆柱comb n.梳子vt.梳理combination n.结合，联合；化合combine vt.使结合；兼有comfort n.舒适；安慰vt.安慰comfortable a.舒适的，安慰的command vt.命令，指挥；控制commander n.司令官，指挥员comment n.评论，意见；注释commerce n.商业，贸易；社交commercial a.商业的；商品化的commission n.委任状；委员会commit vt.犯(错误);干(坏事) committee n.委员会；全体委员common a.普通的；共同的commonly ad.普通地，一般地communicate vi.通讯；传达；传播communication n.通讯；传达；交通communism munist主义communist munistparty员community n.社区；社会；公社companion n.同伴；共事者；伴侣company n.公司，商号；同伴comparative a.比较的，相对的compare vt.比较，对照；比作comparison n.比较，对照；比似compass n.罗盘，指南针；圆规compel vt.强迫，迫使屈服compete vi.比赛；竞争；对抗competent a.有能力的；应该做的competition n.竞争，比赛compile vt.编辑，编制，搜集complain vi.抱怨，拆苦；控告complaint n.抱怨；怨言；控告complete a.完整的；完成的completely ad.十分，完全地complex a.结合的；复杂的complicate vt.使复杂；使陷入complicated a.复杂的，难懂的component n.组成部分；分；组件compose vt.组成，构成；创作composition n.构成；作品；写作compound n.化合物；复合词comprehension n.理解；领悟comprehensive a.广泛的；理解的compress vt.压紧，压缩comprise vt.包含，包括；构成compromise n.妥协，和解compute vt.计算，估计，估算computer n.计算机，电脑comrade n.同志，亲密的同伴conceal vt.把…隐藏起来concentrate vt.集中；聚集；浓缩concentration n.集中；专注；浓缩concept n.概念，观念，设想concern n.关心，挂念；关系concerning prep.关于concert n.音乐会，演奏会conclude vt.推断出；结束conclusion n.结论，推论；结尾concrete n.混凝土；具体物condemn vt.谴责，指责；判刑condense vt.压缩，使缩短condition n.状况，状态；环境conduct n.举止，行为；指导conductor n.售票员；(乐队)指挥conference n.会议，讨论会confess vt.供认，承认；坦白confidence n.信任；信赖；信心confident n.确信的，自信的confine vt.限制；禁闭confirm vt.证实，肯定；批准conflict n.争论；冲突；斗争confuse vt.使混乱，混淆confusion n.混乱；骚乱；混淆congratulate vt.祝贺，向…道喜congratulation n.祝贺；祝贺词congress n.大会；国会，议会conjunction n.接合，连接；连接词connect vt.连接，连结；联系connection n.连接，联系；连贯性conquer vt.征服，战胜；破除conquest n.攻取，征服；克服conscience n.良心，道德心conscious a.意识到的；有意的consciousness n.意识，觉悟；知觉consent n.同意，赞成vi.同意consequence n.结果，后果consequently ad.因此，因而，所以conservation n.保存，保护；守恒conservative a.保守的n.保守的人consider vt.认为；考虑；关心considerable a.相当大的；重要的considerate a.考虑周到的；体谅的consideration n.考虑，思考；体贴consist vi.由…组成；在于consistent a.坚持的，一贯的constant a.经常的；永恒的constitution n.章程；体质；构造construct vt.建造；建设；构筑construction n.建造；建筑；建筑物consult vt.请教，查阅consume vt.消耗，消费；消灭consumption n.消耗量；消耗contact vt.使接触；与…联系contain vt.包含，容纳；等于container n.容器；集装箱contemporary a.当代的，同时代的contempt n.轻蔑；藐视；受辱content n.内容，目录；容量content a.满意的，满足的contest vt.争夺，争取；辩驳continent n.大陆；陆地；洲continual a.不断的；连续的continue vt.继续，连续；延伸continuous a.连续不断的，持续的contract n.契约，合同；婚约contradiction n.矛盾，不一致；否认contrary a.相反的n.相反contrast n.对比，对照，悬殊contribute vt.捐献，捐助；投稿control vt.控制，克制n.控制convenience n.便利，方便；厕所convenient a.便利的；近便的convention n.习俗，惯例；公约conventional a.普通的；习惯的conversation n.会话，非正式会谈conversely ad.相反地conversion n.转变，转化；改变convert vt.使转变；使改变convey vt.传送；运送；传播convince vt.使确信，使信服cook vt.烹调，煮vt.烧菜cooperate vi.合作，协作；配合coordinate vt.使协调，调节cope vi.对付，应付copper n.铜；铜币，铜制器copy n.抄件vt.抄写，复制cord n. 细绳，粗线，索cordial a.真诚的，诚恳的core n.果实的心，核心corn n.谷物；(英)小麦corner n.角；犄角；边远地区corporation n.公司，企业；社团correct a.正确的vt.纠正correction n.改正，纠正，修改correspond vi.相符合；相当correspondent n.通信者；通讯员corresponding a.相应的；符合的corridor n.走廊，回廊，通路cost n.价格，代价；成本costly a.昂贵的；价值高的cottage n.村舍，小屋cotton n.棉；棉线；棉布council n.理事会，委员会count vt.计算vi.数，计数counter n.柜台；计数器county n.英国的郡，美国的县course n.课程；过程；一道菜court n.法院，法庭；庭院cousin n.堂(或表)兄弟(姐妹) coward n.懦夫；胆怯者crack n.裂缝，裂纹vi.爆裂craft n.工艺；手艺，行业crane n.起重机，摄影升降机crash vi.碰撞，坠落n.碰撞crawl vi.爬，爬行crazy a.疯狂的，荒唐的cream n.奶油，乳脂；奶油色create vt.创造；引起，产生creative a.创造性的，创作的creature n.生物，动物，家畜credit n.信用贷款；信用creep vi.爬行；缓慢地行进crew n.全体船员cricket n.板球；蟋蟀crime n.罪，罪行；犯罪criminal n.犯人，罪犯，刑事犯cripple n.跛子；残废的人crisis n.危机；存亡之际critic n.批评家，爱挑剔的人critical a.决定性的；批评的criticism n.批评；批判；评论criticize vt.批评；评论；非难crop n.农作物，庄稼；一熟crow n.鸦，乌鸦vi.啼crowd n.群；大众；一伙人crown n.王冠，冕；花冠crude a.简陋的；天然的cruel a.残忍的，残酷的crush vt.压碎，碾碎；镇压crust n.面包皮；硬外皮crystal n.水晶，结晶体；晶粒cube n.立方形；立方cubic a.立方形的；立方的cucumber n.黄瓜cultivate vt.耕；种植；培养culture n.文化，文明；教养cunning a.狡猾的，狡诈的cupboard n.碗柜，碗碟橱；食橱cure vt.医治；消除n.治愈curiosity n.好奇，好奇心；珍品curious a.好奇的；稀奇古怪的curl n.卷毛；螺旋vi.卷曲current a.当前的；通用的curse n.诅咒，咒骂；天谴curtain n.帘，窗帘；幕(布) curve n.曲线；弯vt.弄弯cushion n.垫子，坐垫，靠垫custom n.习惯，风俗；海关customer n.顾客，主顾cycle n自行车，循环daily a.每日的n.日报dairy n.牛奶场；乳制品dam n.水坝，水堤；障碍物damage vt.损害，毁坏n.损害damp a.潮湿的，有湿气的dangerous a.危险的，不安全的daring a.大胆的，勇敢的darling n.亲爱的人；宠儿dash vt.使猛撞；溅n.猛冲data n.数据; 资料dawn n.黎明；开端vi.破晓deadly a.致命的，死一般的deal n.买卖；待遇vt.给予dear a.亲爱的int.啊death n.死，死亡；灭亡debate n.&vi.争论，辩论debt n.债，债务，欠债decade n.十年，十年期decay vi.腐烂；衰败n.腐烂deceit n.欺骗，欺诈deceive vt.欺骗，蒙蔽，行骗December n.十二月decent a.正派的；体面的decide vt.决定，决心；解决decision n.决定，决心；果断deck n.甲板；舱面；层面declare vt.断言；声明；表明decorate vt.装饰，装璜，修饰decrease vi.&n.减少，减少deduce vt.演绎，推论，推断deed n.行为；功绩；契约deepen vt.加深vi.深化defeat vt.战胜，击败；挫败defect n.缺点，缺陷，欠缺defence n.防御；防务；辩护defend vt.保卫，防守define vt.给…下定义；限定definite a.明确的；肯定的definitely ad.一定地，明确地definition n.定义，释义；定界degree n. 程度；度；学位delay vt. 推迟；耽搁；延误delete vi. 删除vt.删除；擦掉delegation n.代表团delicate a.纤细的；易碎的delicious a.美味的，怡人的delight n.快乐vt.使高兴deliver vt.投递，送交；发表delivery n.投递；交付；分娩demand vt.要求；需要；询问democracy n.民主，民主制democratic a.民主的，民主政体的demonstrate vt.说明；论证；表露dense a.密集的；浓厚的density n.密集，稠密；密度deny vt.否定；拒绝相信depart vi.离开，起程；出发department n.部，司，局，处，系departure n.离开，出发，起程depend vi.依靠，依赖；相信dependent a.依靠的，依赖的deposit vt.使沉淀；存放depress vt.使沮丧；按下depth n.深度；深厚；深处derive vt.取得vi.起源descend vi.下来，下降；下倾describe vt.形容；描写，描绘description n.描写，形容；种类desert n.沙漠vt.离弃；擅离deserve vt.应受，值得design vt.设计n.设计；图样desirable a.值得相望的；可取的desire vt.相望；要求n.愿望despair n.绝望vi.绝望desperate a.拼死的；绝望的despise vt.鄙视，蔑视despite prep.不管，不顾destination n.目的地，终点；目标destroy vt.破坏；消灭；打破destruction n.破坏，毁灭，消灭detail n.细节；枝节；零件detect vt.察觉，发觉；侦察detection n.察觉，发觉；侦察determination n.决心；决定；确定determine vt.决定；查明；决心develop vt.发展；形成；开发development n.发展；开发；生长device n.器械，装置；设计devil n.魔鬼，恶魔devise vt.设计，发明devote vt.将…奉献，致力于dew n.露，露水diagram n.图解，图表，简图dial n.钟面；拨号盘vt.拨dialect n.方言，土语，地方话dialog n.对话，对白diameter n.直径diamond n.金钢石，钻石；菱形diary n.日记，日记簿dictate vt.&vi.口授；命令dictation n.口授笔录，听写dictionary n.词典，字典differ vi.不同，相异difference n.差别；差；分歧different a.差异的；各种的difficult a.困难的；难对付的difficulty a.困难；难事；困境digest vt.消化；领会n.文摘digital a.数字的，计数的diligent a.勤勉的，勤奋的dim a.昏暗的；朦胧的dimension n.尺寸，尺度；面积dinner n.正餐，主餐；宴会dip vt.浸，蘸vi.浸一浸direct a.直接的；直率的direction n.方向，方位；指导directly ad.直接地；立即director n.指导者；理事；导演dirt n.尘，土；污物，污垢dirty a.脏的；下流的disable vt.使无能，使伤残disadvantage n.不利，不利地位disagree vi.有分歧；不一致disappear vi.不见，失踪；消失disappoint vt.使失望，使受挫折disaster n.灾难，灾祸；天灾disk n.圆盘，唱片；磁盘discard vt.丢弃，抛弃，遗弃discharge vt.释放；排出n.释放discipline n.纪律；训练vt.训练disclose vt.揭开，揭发；透露discourage vt.使泄气，使灰心discover vt.发现；暴露，显示discovery n.发现；被发现的事物discuss vt.讨论，谈论；论述disease n.病，疾病；病害disguise vi.隐瞒，掩埋n.假装disgust n.厌恶，憎恶dish n.碟，盘子；菜肴dishonour n.不光彩；丢脸的人dismiss vt.不再考虑；解雇disorder n.混乱，杂乱；骚乱display vt.陈列，展览；显示disposal n.丢掉，处理，销毁dispose vi.去掉，丢掉；销毁displease vt.使不愉快，使生气dispute vi.争论，争执n.争论dissatisfy vi.使不满，使不平dissolve vt.使溶解；解散distance n.距离，间距；远处distant a.在远处的，疏远的distinct a.与其他不同的distinction n.差别，不同，区分distinguish vt.区别，辨别，认别distress n.忧虑，悲伤；不幸distribute vt.分发，分送；分布distribution n.分发，分配；分布district n.区；地区，区域disturb vt.打扰，扰乱；弄乱ditch n.沟，沟渠，渠道dive vi.跳水；潜水；俯冲diverse a.不一样的，相异的divide vt.分；分配；分开division n.分，分配；除法divorce n.离婚，离异vi.离婚dock n.船坞；码头；船厂domestic a.本国的；家庭的donkey n.驴；笨蛋dorm n.宿舍dormitory n.集体寝室；宿舍dose n.剂量，用量；一剂dot n.点，圆点vt.打点于doubt n.怀疑；疑虑vt.怀疑doubtful a.难以预测的；怀疑的doubtless ad.无疑地；很可能downward a.向下的ad.向下地dozen n.一打，十二个draft n.草稿；汇票vt.起草drag vt.拖，拉；拖曳dragon n.龙；凶暴的人drain vt.排去；放水n.耗竭drama n.一出戏剧，剧本dramatic a.引人注目的，戏剧的draw vt.画，划；拖；拨出drawer n.抽屉drawing n.图画，素描；绘图dread n.畏惧；KB vt.惧怕dream n.梦；梦想vi.做梦dress n.女服，童装；服装drift vi.漂流，漂泊n.漂流drill n.钻头；操练vi.钻孔drink vt.饮vi.喝n.饮料drip vi.滴下；漏水n.水滴drop vt.使落下；降低drought n.旱灾，干旱drown vi.淹死，溺死drug n.药，药物，药材drum n.鼓；鼓状物，圆桶drunk a.醉的；陶醉的dry a.干的，干燥的due a.预期的；应给的dull a.枯燥的；不鲜明的dumb a.哑的；无言的dump vt.倾卸，倾倒；倾销durable a.耐久的，耐用的duration n.持续，持久during prep.在…期间dwelling n.住处，寓所dye vt.染n.染料；染色dying a.垂死的；临终的dynamic a.有活力的；动力的each pron.各，各自a.各eager a.渴望的，热切的eagle n.鹰ear n.耳朵；听力，听觉early ad.早a.早的，早期的earn vt.赚得，挣得；获得earnest a.认真的，诚恳的earthquake n.地震；大震荡ease n.容易，舒适vt.缓和easily ad.容易地；舒适的eastern a.东方的；朝东的echo n.回声，反响vi.重复economic a.经济的，经济学的economical a.节约的；经济学的economy n.经济；节约，节省edge n.边缘，边；刀口edition n.版，版本，版次editor n.编辑，编者，校订者educate vt.教育；培养；训练education n.教育；训导；教育学effect n.结果；效果，效力effective a.有效的；有影响的efficiency n.效率；功效，效能efficient a.效率高的，有能力的effort n.努力；努力的成果elaborate a.复杂的；精心制作的elastic n.松紧带a.有弹性的elbow n.肘，肘部；弯管elect vt.选举，推选；选择election n.选举，选择权；当选electric a.电的，电动的electrical a.电的，电气科学的electricity n.电，电学；电流electron n.电子electronic a.电子的electronics n.电子学element n.成分；要素；元素elementary a.基本的；初级的elephant n.象elevator n.电梯；升降机eliminate vt.消灭，消除，排除elimination n.消灭，排除，消除else ad.其它，另外a.别的elsewhere ad.在别处，向别处embarrass vt.使窘迫，使为难embrace vt.拥抱；包括；包围emerge vi.出现，涌现；冒出emergency n.紧急情况，突然事件emit vt.散发；发射；发表emotional a.感情的，情绪的emperor n.皇帝emphasis n.强调，重点，重要性emphasize vt.强调，着重empire n.帝国employ vi.雇用；用；使忙于employee n.受雇者，雇员，雇工employer n.雇佣者，雇主employment n.工业；雇用；使用enclose vt.围住，圈起；附上encounter vt.遭遇，遇到n.遭遇encourage vt.鼓励，支持，助长endure vt.忍受；容忍enemy n.敌人；仇敌；敌兵energy n.活力；精力；能enforce vt.实施，执行；强制engage vt.使从事于；聘用engine n.发动机，引擎；机车engineer n.工程师，技师engineering n.工程，工程学enlarge vt.扩大，扩展；放大enormous a.巨大的，庞大的ensure vt.保证；保护；赋予entertain vt.使欢乐；招待enthusiasm n.热情，热心，热忱enthusiastic a.热情的，热心的entire a.全部的，整个的entitle vt.给…权利(或资格) entrance n.入口，门口；进入entry n.入口处；登记；进入envelope n.信封；封套；封皮environment n.环境，外界；围绕envy vt.&n.妒忌；羡慕equal a.相等的；平等的equality n.等同，平等；相等equation n.方程(式)；等式equip vt.装备，配备equipment n.装备，设备，配备equivalent a.相等的；等量的era n.时代，年代；纪元erect vt.建造；使竖立error n.错误，谬误；差错escape vi.逃跑；逸出n.逃跑especially ad.特别，尤其，格外essay n.短文，散文，小品文essential a.必要的，本质的establish vt.建立，设立；确立establishment n.建立，设立，确立estimate vt.估计，评价n.估计European a.欧洲的n.欧洲人evaluate vt.评价，估…的价evaporate vt.使蒸发vi.蒸发eve n.前夜，前夕，前一刻even ad.甚至；甚至更，还even a.均匀的；平的event n.事件，大事；事变eventually ad.终于；最后ever ad.在任何时候；曾经evidence n.根据；证据，证人evident a.明显的，明白的evil n.邪恶；祸害a.坏的evolution n.进化，演化；发展evolve vt.使进化；使发展exactly ad.确切地；恰恰正是exaggerate vt.&vi.夸大，夸张examination n.考试；检查，细查examine vt.检查，仔细观察example n.例子，实例；模范exceed vt.超过，胜过；超出exceedingly ad.极端地，非常excellent a.优秀的，杰出的except prep.除…之外exception n.例外，除外excess n.超越；过量；过度excessive a.过多的，极度的exchange vt.交换；交流n.交换excite vt.使激动；引起exciting a.令人兴奋的exclaim vi.呼喊；惊叫exclude vt.把…排除在外exclusively ad.专门地excursion n.远足；短途旅行excuse vt.原谅；免除n.借口execute vt.将…处死；实施executive a.执行的n.执行者exercise n.锻炼，训练vi.练习exert vt.尽(力)，运用exhaust vt.使筋疲力尽；用尽exhibit vt.显示；陈列，展览exhibition n.展览，陈列；展览会exist vi.存在；生存，生活existence n.存在，实在；生存exit n.出口；退场vi.退出expand vt.扩大；使膨胀expansion n.扩大，扩充；扩张expect vt.预料，预期；等待expectation n.期待，期望，预期expense n.花费，消费；费用expensive a.昂贵的，花钱多的experience n.经验，感受；经历experiment n.实验；试验experimental a.实验的，试验的expert n.专家a.熟练的explain vt.解释；为…辩解explanation n.解释，说明；辩解explode vt.使爆炸vi.爆炸exploit vt.剥削；利用；开拓explore vt.&vi.探险，探索explosion n.爆炸，爆发，炸裂explosive n.de-tona-tor a.爆炸的export vt.输出，出口；运走expose vt.使暴露；揭露exposure n.暴露；揭露；曝光express vt.表示n.快车，快递expression n.词句；表达；表情extend vt.延长；扩大；致extension n.延长部分；伸展extensive a.广阔的；广泛的extent n.广度；范围；程度exterior a.外部的；对外的external a.外部的，外面的extra a.额外的ad.特别地extraordinary a.非同寻常的，特别的extreme a.极度的；尽头的extremely ad.极端，极其，非常eyesight n.视力，目力facility n.设备；容易；便利factor n.因素；因子，系数faculty n.才能，能力；系，科fade vi.褪色；逐渐消失Fahrenheit n.华氏温度计failure n.失败；失败的人faint a.微弱的；虚弱的fair n.定期集市；博览会fairly ad.相当；公平地faith n.信任，信心；信仰faithful a.忠诚的；如实的false a.不真实的；伪造的fame n.名声，名望familiar a.熟悉的；冒昧的famine n.饥荒；严重的缺乏famous a.著名的，出名的fan n.(运动等)狂热爱好者fan n.扇子，风扇vt.扇fancy n.想象力；设想；爱好fare n.车费，船费，票价farewell int.再会n.告别fashion n.样子，方式；风尚fashionable a.流行的，时髦的fasten vt.扎牢，扣住fatal a.致命的；命运的fate n.命运，天数father n.父亲；神父；创始人father-in-law n.岳父；公公fatigue n.疲劳，劳累fault n.缺点；过失；故障faulty a.有错误的，有缺点的favour n.好感；赞同；恩惠favourable a.有利的；赞成的favourite a.特别受喜爱的fear n.害怕；担心vt.害怕fearful a.害怕的，可怕的feasible a.可行的；可能的feast n.盛宴，筵席；节日feather n.羽毛；翎毛；羽状物feature n.特征，特色；面貌February n.二月federal a.联邦的；联盟的fee n.费，酬金；赏金feeble a.虚弱的；微弱的feed vt.喂(养) vi.吃饲料feedback n.回授，反馈，反应feel vi.有知觉vt.触，摸feeling n.感情；感觉，知觉fellow n.人，家伙；伙伴female n.雌性的动物；女子fence n.栅栏fertile a.肥沃的；多产的fertilizer n.肥料festival n.节日；音乐节fetch vt.拿来；请来，接去fever n.发热，发烧；狂热fibre n.纤维，纤维质fiction n.小说；虚构，杜撰fierce a.凶猛的，狂热的figure n.数字；外形；人物file n.档案vt.把…归档fill vt.装满，盛满；占满film n.影片；胶卷；薄层filter vt.过滤n.滤纸final a.最后的；决定性的finally ad.最后；不可更改的finance n.财政，金融；财源financial a.财政的，金融的find vt.找到；发觉；找出finding n.发现；调查的结果fine a.美好的；纤细的；罚金，罚款finger n.手指；指状物finish vt.完成，结束n.结束fireman n.消防队员；司炉工。
2018年四级高频词汇-优秀word范文 (5页)
本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==四级高频词汇1.particlen.微粒2.particularlyad.特别，尤其3.respondvi.回答，答复；反应4.responsen.回答，答复；反应5.sensiblea.明智的6.sensitivea.敏感到，灵敏的7.tremblevi.颤抖8.tremendousa.巨大的；精彩的9.trendn.趋向，倾向10.trialn.审讯；试验11.apparenta.显然的，明白的12.appetiten.胃口；欲望13.depositn.存款，定金v.存放，储蓄14.deputyn.副职，代表15.derivevt.取得，得到；(from)起源于16.descendv.下来，下降17.missilen.导弹18.missionn.使命；代表团19.mistn.薄雾20.noticeablea.显而易见到21.notifyvt.通知，告知22.notionn.概念；意图，想法23.resemblevt.像，类似于24.revealvt.揭露25.revenuen.收入，岁入；税收26.sheltern.掩蔽处；住所27.shieldn.防护物，盾vt.保护，防护28.vitala.重要的；致命的，生命的29.vitallyad.极度，非常；致命地30.urbana.城市的31.urgevt.鼓励，激励32.urgenta.急迫的，紧急得agen.使用，用法34.violencen.强力，暴力35.violenta.暴力的36.violeta.紫色的37.weedn.杂草，野草38.welfaren.福利39.whatsoeverad.（用于否定句）任何40.whereasconj.然而，但是，尽管41.essentiala.必不可少的；本质的42.estimaten./vt.估计，估量43.evaluatevt.评估，评价。
高考英语语法词汇专项突破：代词要点全解读+巩固训练(含高考真题)
高考英语语法词汇专项突破：代词考点专题全突破+巩固训练养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
[命题热点]代词结构种类很多，有人称代词、反身代词、物主代词、疑问代词、指示代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定式代词、替代词以及it等。
从命题角度看主要考查代词词义的区别，如that/one/it；代词功能的区别，如me, oneself, she, ours；含有代词的固定短语，如make it/give me five; 反身代词的用法，如help oneself, enjoy oneself; 比较中的代词用法；反义疑问句中的代词；不定代词用法；疑问代词与疑问副词辨析。
从历年高考题来看，不定代词和替代词的考查是重点。
试题设置了一定情景干扰，题干句的语法结构十分重要，重点考查考生在语境中灵活运用代词的能力。
考点1 人称代词的主格与宾格_____(I), too. I was a little stressed out about this new store, but now I'm feeling much more confident.详解：Me。
根据答句后面的I看出前面是第一人称单数，再根据单独使用得出用宾格代词代替主格代词，用Me。
2018年12月大学英语四级真题及答案（第一套）
2018年12⽉⼤学英语四级真题及答案（第⼀套）2018年12⽉⼤学英语四级考试真题（第1套）Part I Writing (30minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of living in a big city. You should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Land a space vehicle on the moon in 2019.B) Design a new generation of mobile phones.C) Set up a mobile phone network on the moon.D) Gather data from the moon with a tiny device.2. A) It is stable. B) It is durable.C) It is inexpensive. D) It is sophisticated. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) It lasted more than six hours.B) No injuries were yet reported.C) Nobody was in the building when it broke out.D) It had burned for 45 minutes by the time firefighters arrived.4. A) Recruit and train more firefighters.B) Pull down the deserted shopping mall.C) Turn the shopping mall into an amusement park.D) Find money to renovate the local neighborhood. Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Shrinking potato farming. B) Heavy reliance on import.C) Widespread plant disease. D) Insufficient potato supply.6. A) It intends to keep its traditional diet.B) It wants to expand its own farming.C) It is afraid of the spread of disease.D) It is worried about unfair competition.7. A) Global warming. B) Ever-rising prices.C) Government regulation. D) Diminishing investment. Section BDirections：In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) Informative. B) Inspiring.C) Dull. D) Shallow.9. A) She types on a keyboard. B) She does recording.C) She takes photos. D) She takes notes.10. A) It keeps her mind active. B) It makes her stay awake.C) It enables her to think hard. D) It helps her kill time.11. A) It enables her to improve her pronunciation.B) It helps her better remember what she learns.C) It turns out to be an enjoyable way of learning.D) It proves to be far more effective than writing.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) To spend her honeymoon.B) To try authentic Indian food.C) To take photos of the Taj Mahal.D) To trace the origin of a love story.13. A) In memory of a princess.B) In honor of a great emperor.C) To mark the death of an emperor of the 1600s.D) To celebrate the birth of a princess’s 14th child.14. A) It looks older than expected.B) It is built of wood and bricks.C) It stores lots of priceless antiques.D) It has walls decorated with jewels.15. A) Their streets are narrow.B) They are mostly crowded.C) Each one has a unique character.D) Life can be tedious in some places. Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) They help spread the latest technology.B) They greatly enrich people’s leisure life.C) They provide residents with the resources needed.D) They allow free access to digital books and videos.17. A) By helping them find jobs.B) By inspiring their creativity.C) By keeping them off the streets.D) By providing a place of relaxation.18. A) Their interaction with teenagers proved fruitful.B) They used libraries less often than teenagers.C) They tended to visit libraries regularly.D) Their number increased modestly. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) It is the cleverest cat in the world.B) It is the largest cat in Africa.C) It is an unusual cross breed.D) It is a large-sized wild cat.20. A) They are as loyal as dogs.B) They have unusually long tails.C) They are fond of sleeping in cabinets.D) They know how to please their owners.21. A) They shake their front paws.B) They teach them to dive.C) They shower with them.D) They shout at them.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) Anxious and depressed.B) Contented and relieved.C) Excited but somewhat sad.D) Proud but a bit nervous.23. A) It is becoming parents’ biggest concern.B) It is gaining increasing public attention.C) It is depends on their parents for success.D) It starts the moment they are born.24. A) Set a good example for them to follow.B) Read books and magazines to them.C) Help them to learn by themselves.D) Choose the right school for them.25. A) Their intelligence.B) Their home life.C) The effort they put in learning.D) The quality of their school.Part ⅢReading Comprehension ( 40 minutes ) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global economy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious 26 occurring in the developing world.The figures include a number of costs 27 with air pollution. Lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year.The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which includes 28 like home heating and cooking, has remained 29 over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation.Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray 30 it as an “urgent call to action.”“One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals have little 31 ,”he said.The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost-labor income 32 nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 in 10 people in low-and middle-income countries live in places where they 33 experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution.But the problem is not limited 34 to the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the U.S. as a result of related illnesses. In many European countries, where diesel(柴油) 35 have become more common in recent years, that number reaches tens of thousands.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Food-as-Medicine Movement Is Witnessing Progress[A] Several times a month, you can find a doctor in the aisles of Ralph’s market in Huntington Beach, California, wearing a white coat and helping people learn about food. On one recent day, this doctor was Daniel Nadeau, wandering the cereal aisle with Allison Scott, giving her some idea on how to feed kids who persi stently avoid anything that is healthy. “Have you thought about trying fresh juices in the morning?” he asks her. “The frozen oranges and apples are a little cheaper, and fruits are really good for the brain. Juices are quick and easy to prepare, you can t ake the frozen fruit out the night before and have it ready the next morning.”[B] Scott is delighted to get food advice from a physician who is program director of the nearby Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes Center, part of the St. Joseph Hoag Health alliance. The center’s ‘Shop with Your Doc’ program sends doctors to the grocery store to meet with any patients who sign up for the service, plus any other shoppers who happen to be around with questions.[C] Nadeau notices the pre-made macaroni (通⼼粉)-and-cheese boxes in Scott’s shopping cart and suggests she switch to whole grain macaroni and real cheese. “So I’d have to make it?”she asks, her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how long that might take, just to have her kids reject it. “I’m not sure they’d eat it. They just won’t eat it.”[D] Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes rates among children. “In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food,” Nadeau tells her. “And only 5 percent of our food is plant-based food. I think we should try to reverse that.” Scott agrees to try more fruit juices for the kids and to make real macaroni and cheese. Score one point for the docto r, zero for diabetes.[E] Nadeau is part of a small revolution developing across California. The food-as-medicine movement has been around for decades, but it’s making progress as physicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment, rather than relying sol ely on medications (药物). By prescribing nutritional changes or la unching programs such as ‘Shop with your Doc’, they are trying to prevent, limit or even reverse disease by changing what patients eat. “There’s no question people can take things a long way toward reversin g diabetes, reversing high blood pressure, even pr eventing cancer by food choices,” Nadeau says.[F] In the big picture, says Dr. Richard Afable, CEO and president of ST. Joseph Hoag Health, medical institutions across the state are starting to make a philosophical switch to becoming a health organization, not just a health care organization. That feeling echoes the beliefs of the Therapeutic Food Pantry program at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, which completed its pilot phase and is about to expand on an ongoing basis to five clinic sites throughout the city. The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive training in how to cook it. “We really want to link food and medicine, and not just give away food,” says Dr. Rita Nguyen, the hospit al’s medical director of Healthy Food Initiatives. “We want people to understand what they’re eating, how to prepare it, the role food plays in their lives.”[G] In Southern California, Loma Linda University School of Medicine is offering specialized training for its resident physicians in Lifestyle Medicine — that is a formal specialty in using food to treat disease. Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution, or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes. Nonetheless, physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clear picture emerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation’s high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. According to the World Health Organization, 80 percent of deaths from heart disease and stroke are caused by high blood pressure, tobacco use, elevated cholesterol and low consumption of fruits and vegetables.[H] “It’s a different paradigm(范式) of how to treat disease,” says Dr. Brenda Rea, who helps run the family and preventive medicine residency program at Loma Linda University School of Medicine. The lifestyle medicine specialty is designed to train doctors in how to prevent and treat disease, in part, by changing patients’ nutritional habits. The medical center and school at Loma Linda als o has a food cupboard and kitchen for patients. This way, patients not only learn about which foods to buy, but also how to prepare them at home.[I] Many people don’t know how to cook, Rea says, and they only know how to heat things up. That means depending on packaged food with high salt and sugar content. So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them, she says, can actually transform a patient’s life. And beyond that, it might transform the health and lives of that patient’s family. “What people e at can be medicine or poison,” Rea says. “As a physician, nutrition is one of the most powerful things you can change to reverse the effects of long-term disease.”[J] Studies have explored evidence that dietary changes can slow inflammation(炎症), for example, or make the body inhospitable to cancer cells. In general, many lifestyle medicine physicians recommend a plant-based diet — particularly for people with diabetes or other inflammatory conditions.[K] “As what happened with tobacco, this will require a cultural shift, but that can happen,” says Nguyen. “In the same way p hysicians used to smoke, and then stopped smoking and were able to talk to patients about it, I think physicians can have a bigger voice in it.”36. More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced.37. There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.38. There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.39. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.40. Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.41. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook it.42. Scott is not keen on cooking food herself, thinking it would simply be a waste of time.43. Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.44. Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headway these days.45. Americans’ high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat. Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.California has been facing a drought for many years now, with certain areas even having to pump freshwater hundreds of miles to their distribution system. The problem is growing as the population of the state continues to expand. New research has found deep water reserves under the state which could help solve their drought crisis. Previous drilling of wells could only reach depths of 1,000 feet, but due to new pumping practices, water deeper than this can now be extracted (抽取). The team at Stanford investigated the aquifers(地下蓄⽔层)below this depth and found that reserves may be triple what was previously thought.It is profitable to drill to depths more than 1,000 feet for oil and gas extraction, but only recently in California has it become profitable to pump water from this depth. The aquifers range from 1,000 to 3,000 feet below the ground, which means that pumping will be expensive and there are other concerns. The biggest concern of pumping out water from this deep in the gradual settling down of the land surface. As the water is pumped out, the vacant space left is compacted by the weight of the earth above.Even though pumping from these depths is expensive, it is still cheaper than desalinating(脱盐)the ocean water in the largely coastal state. Some desalination plants exist where feasible, but they are costly to run and can need constant repairs. Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater, and California is hoping that these deep wells may be the answer to their severe water shortage.One problem with these sources is that the deep water also has a higher level of salt than shallower aquifers. This means that some wells may even need to undergo desalination after extraction, thus increasing the cost. Research from the exhaustive study of groundwater from over 950 drilling logs has just been published. New estimates of the water reserves now go up to 2,700 billion cubic meters of freshwater.46.How could California’s drought crisis be solved according to some researchers?A) By building more reserves of groundwater.B) By drawing water from the depths of the earth.C) By developing more advanced drilling devices.D) By upgrading its water distribution system.47.What can be inferred about extracting water from deep aquifers?A) It was deemed vital to solving the water problem.B) It was not considered worth the expense.C) It may not provide quality freshwater.D) It is bound to gain support from the local people.48. What is mentioned as a consequence of extracting water from deep underground?A) The sinking of land surface. C) The damage to aquifers.B) The harm to the ecosystem. D) The change of the climate.49. What does the author say about deep wells?A) They run without any need for repairs.B) They are entirely free from pollutants.C) They are the ultimate solution to droughts.D) They provide a steady supply of freshwater.50. What may happen when deep aquifers are used as water sources?A) People’s health may improve with cleaner water.B) People’s water bills may be lowered considerably.C) The cost may go up due to desalination.D) They may be exhausted sooner or later.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.The AlphaGo program’s victory is an example of how smart computers have become.But can artificial intelligence (AI) machines act ethically, meaning can they be honest and fair?One example of AI is driverless cars. They are already on California roads, so it is not too soon to ask whether we can program a machine to act ethically. As driverless cars improve, they will save lives. They will make fewer mistakes than human drivers do. Sometimes, however, they will face a choice between lives. Should the cars be programmed to avoid hitting a child running across the road, even if thatwill put their passengers at risk? What about making a sudden turn to avoid a dog? What if the only risk is damage to the car itself, not to the passengers?Perhaps there will be lessons to learn from driverless cars, but they are not super-intelligent beings. Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge.About the same time as AlphaGo’s triumph, Microsoft’s ‘chatbot’ took a ba d turn. The software, named Taylor, was designed to answer messages from people aged 18-24. Taylor was supposed to be able to learn from the messages she received. She was designed to slowly improve her ability to handle conversations, but some people were teaching Taylor racist ideas. When she started saying nice things about Hitler, Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages.AlphaGo’s victory and Taylor’s defeat happened at about the same time. This should be a warning to us. It is one thi ng to use AI within a game with clear rules and clear goals. It is something very different to use AI in the real world. The unpredictability of the real world may bring to the surface a troubling software problem.Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google, which own AlphoGo. He thinks AI will be positive for humans. He said people will be the winner, whatever the outcome. Advances in AI will make human beings smarter, more able and “just better human beings.”51.What does the author want to show with the example of AlphaGo’s victory?A)Computers will prevail over human beings.B)Computers have unmatched potential.C)Computers are man’s potential rivals.D)Computers can become highly intelligent.52.What does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically?A)They are capable of predicting possible risks.B)They weigh the gains and losses before reaching a decision.C)They make sensible decisions when facing moral dilemmas.D)They sacrifice everything to save human lives.53.What is said to be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age?A)How to make super-intelligent AI machines share human feelings.B)How to ensure that super-intelligent AI machines act ethically.C)How to prevent AI machines doing harm to humans.D)How to avoid being over-dependent on AI machines.54.What do we learn about Microsoft’s “chatbot” Taylor?A)She could not distinguish good from bad.B)She could turn herself off when necessary.C)She was not made to handle novel situations.D)She was good at performing routine tasks.55. What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligence?A) It will be far superior to human beings.B) It will keep improving as time goes by.C) It will prove to be an asset to human beings.D) It will be here to stay whatever the outcome.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.由于通信⽹络的快速发展，中国智能⼿机⽤户数量近年来以惊⼈度增长。
(完整版)2018年12月英语四级真题及答案
2018年12月大学英语四级真题及答案第一部分写作2018年12月大学英语四级考试写作真题(第1套)2018年12月英语四级真题写作范文(出国留学的挑战)【作文一参考范文】It is well known that due to the booming economy and increasing family income, studying abroad has become an increasingly popular choice for students. Although studying abroad is often praised by people for its advantages, there are still some disadvantages to be noticed.First of all, to study abroad is expensive. Specifically speaking, those involved have to spend a large amount of money on tuition and living expenses, which is not affordable for everyone. In addition, to study abroad is a great challenge for those students who lack the ability of living independently. If they can not take good care of themselves there, their academic performance will be affected to a large extent. Last but not least, to study abroad may exercise a negative influence on students’ mentality. As we all know, to study abroad equals to stay away from family and friends for a long time, which is likely to produce some psychological problems for those students, such as being solitary and gloomy.From what has been mentioned above, we can easily come to the conclusion that the disadvantages of studying abroad can not be neglected. What’s more, those students who are planning to study abroad should make enough preparations for these problems mentioned above. Only in this way, can they have a fruitful and successful study life abroad.【参考译文】众所周知，随着经济的蓬勃发展和家庭收入的增加，出国留学已经成为越来越受学生欢迎的选择。
2018年12月大学英语四级大纲词汇
2018年12月大学英语四级大纲词汇a开头abandon/ ə’bændən/ vt.丢弃;放弃，抛弃aboard/ ə’bɔ:d/ ad.在船(车)上;上船absolute/ ‘æbsəlu:t/ a.绝对的;纯粹的absolutely/ ‘æbsəlu:tli/ ad.完全地;绝对地absorb/ əb’sɔ:b/ vt.吸收;使专心abstract/ ’æbstrækt/ n.摘要abundant/ ə’bΛndənt/ a.丰富的;大量的abuse/ ə’bju:z, ə’bju:s/ vt.滥用;虐待n.滥用academic/ ækə’demik/ a.学院的;学术的accelerate/ æk’seləreit/ vt.(使)加快;促进access/ ‘ækses/ n.接近;通道，入口accidental/ æksi’dentl/ a.偶然的;非本质的accommodate/ ə’kɔmədeit/ vt.容纳;供应，供给accommodation/ ə,kɔmə’deiʃən/ n.招待设备;预定铺位accompany/ ə’kΛmpəni/ vt.陪伴，陪同;伴随accomplish/ ə’kɔmpliʃ/ vt.达到(目的);完成accordance/ ə’kɔr:dəns/ n.一致;和谐;授予accordingly/ ə’kɔr:diŋli/ ad.因此，所以;照着account/ ə’kaunt/ n.记述;解释;帐目accumulate/ ə’kju:mjuleit/ vt.积累vi.堆积accuracy/ ‘ækjurəsi/ n.准确(性);准确度accurate/ ‘ækjurit/ a.准确的，正确无误的accustomed/ ə’kΛstəmd/ a.惯常的;习惯的acid/ ‘æsid/ n.酸;酸的，酸性的acquaintance/ ə’kweintəns/ n.认识;了解;熟人acquire / ə’kwaiə/ vt.取得;获得;学到acre/ ‘eikə/ n.英亩(=6.07亩)adapt/ ə’dæpt/ vt.使适应;改编addition/ ə’diʃən/ n.加，加法;附加物additional/ ə’diʃənl/ a.附加的，追加的address / ə’dres/ n.地址;演说;谈吐adequate/ ‘ædikwit/ a.足够的;可以胜任的adjust/ ə’dʒΛst/ vt.调整，调节;校正administration / ədminis’treiʃən/ n.管理;管理部门admission/ əd’miʃən/ n.允许进入;承认admit/ əd’mit/ vt.承认;准许…进入advance/ əd’va:ns/ vi.前进;提高n.进展advanced/ əd’va:nst/ a.先进的;高级的adventure/ əd’ventʃə/ n.冒险;惊险活动advisable/ əd’vaizəbl/ n.明智的;可取的affair/ ə’feə/ n.事情，事件;事务affect/ ə’fekt/ vt.影响;感动affection/ ə’fekʃən/ n.慈爱，爱;爱慕afford/ ə’fɔr:d/ vt.担负得起…;提供after ward/ ‘a:ftəwəd(z)/ ad.后来，以后age/ eidʒ/ vt.变老aggressive/ ə’gresiv/ a.侵略的;好斗的aircraft/ ‘eəkra:ft/ n.飞机，飞行器alarm/ ə’la:m/ n.惊恐，忧虑;警报alcohol/ ‘ælkəhɔl/ n.酒精，乙醇alike/ ə’laik/ a.同样的，相同的alloy/ ‘ælɔi, ə’lɔi/ n.合金;(金属的)成色alphabet/ ‘ælfəbit/ n.字母表，字母系统alter/ ‘ɔ:ltə/ vt.改变，变更;改做alternative/ ɔ:l’tə:nətiv/ n.替换物;取舍，抉择altitude/ ‘æltitju:d/ n.高，高度;高处aluminium/ ælju’minjəm/ n.铝amaze/ ə’meiz/ vt.使惊奇，使惊愕ambulance/ ‘æmbjuləns/ n.救护车;野战医院amongst/ ə’mΛŋst/ prep在…之中(=among) amuse/ ə’mju:z/ vt.逗…乐;给…娱乐analyse/ ‘ænəlaiz/ vt.分析，分解，解析analysis/ ə’næləsis/ n.分析，分解，解析ancestor/ ‘ænsistə/ n.祖宗，祖先anchor/ ‘æŋkə/ n.锚vi.抛锚，停泊ancient/ ‘einʃənt/ a.古代的，古老的ankle/ ‘æŋkl/ n.踝，踝节部announce/ ə’nauns/ vt.宣布，宣告，发表annoy/ ə’nɔi/ vt.使恼怒;打搅annual/ ‘ænjuəl/ a.每年的n.年报anticipate/ æn’tisipeit/ vt.预料，预期，期望anxiety/ æŋg’zaiəti/ n.焦虑，忧虑;渴望anxious/ ‘æŋkʃəs/ a.忧虑的;渴望的apart/ ə’pa:t/ ad.相隔;分开;除去apologize/ ə’pɔlədʒaiz/ vi.道歉，谢罪，认错apparatus/ ,æpə’reitəs/ n.器械，仪器;器官appeal/ ə’pi:l/ vi.&n.呼吁;申述appetite/ ‘æpitait/ n.食欲，胃口;欲望appliance/ ə’plaiəns/ n.用具，器具，器械applicable/ ‘æplikəbl/ a.能应用的;适当的application/ æpli’keiʃən/ n.请求，申请;施用appɔint/ ə’pɔint/ vt.任命，委任;约定appreciate/ ə’pri:ʃieit/ vt.欣赏;领会;感谢approval/ ə’pru:vəl/ n.赞成，同意;批准approve/ ə’pru:v/ vt.赞成，称许;批准approximate/ ə’prɔksimit/ a.近似的vt.近似arbitrary/ ‘a:bitrəri/ a.随心所欲的;专断的architecture/ ‘a:kitektʃə/ n.建筑学;建筑式样argue/ ‘a:gju:/ vi.争论，争辩，辩论argument/ ‘a:gju:mənt/ n.争论，辩论;理由arise/ ə’raiz/ vi.出现;由…引起arithmetic/ ə’riθmətik/ n.算术，四则运算arouse/ ə’rauz/ vt.引起，唤起;唤醒article/ ‘a:tikl/ n.条款;物品artificial/ a:ti’fiʃəl/ a.人工的;娇揉造作的artistic/ a:’tistik/ a.艺术的;艺术家的ash/ æʃ/ n.灰，灰末;骨灰ashamed/ ə’ʃeimd/ a.惭愧(的);羞耻(的) aspect/ ‘æspekt/ n.方面;样子，外表assemble/ ə’sembl/ vt.集合，召集;装配assembly/ ə’sembli/ n.集合;集会;装配assess/ ə’ses/ vt.对(财产等)估价assign/ ə’sain/ vt.指派;分配;指定assist/ ə’sist/ vt.援助，帮助;搀扶assistance/ ə’sistəns/ n. 协助,援助associate/ ə’səuʃieit/ vi.交往n.伙伴，同事association/ əsəusi’eiʃən/ n.协会，团体;联合assume/ ə’sju:m/ vt.假定;承担;呈现assure/ ə’ʃuə/ vt.使确信;向…保证astonish/ əs’tɔniʃ/ vt.使惊讶，使吃惊astronaut/ ‘æstʃəunɔ:t/ n.宇宙航行员，宇航员ætlantic/ ət’læntik/ a.大西洋的n.大西洋atom/ ‘ætəm/ n.原子;微粒;微量atomic/ ə’tɔmik/ a.原子的;原子能的attach/ ə’tætʃ/ vt.缚，系，贴;附加attain/’tein/ vt.达到，获得，完成attempt/ ə’tempt/ vt.尝试，试图n.企图attend/ ə’tend/ vt.出席;照顾，护理attribute/ ‘ætribju:t/ vt.把…归因于n.属性audience/ ‘ɔ:djəns/ n.听众，观众，读者authority/ ɔ:’θɔriti/ n.当局，官方;权力automatic/ ɔ:tə’mætik/ a.自动的;机械的automobile/ ‘ɔ:təməbi:l/ n.汽车，机动车auxiliary/ ɔ:g’ziljəri/ a.辅助的;附属的available/ ə’veiləbl/ a.可利用的;通用的avenue/ ‘ævinju:/ n.林荫道，道路;大街await/ ə’weit/ vt.等候，期待awake/ ə’weik/ a.醒着的vt.唤醒award/ ə’wɔ:d/ n.奖，奖品;判定aware/ ə’weə/ a.知道的，意识到的awful/ ‘ɔ:ful/ a.令人不愉快的awkward/ ‘ɔ:kwəd/ a.笨拙的;尴尬的ax/ æks/ n.斧b开头baby/ ‘beibi/ n.婴儿;孩子气的人back/ bæk/ ad.在后;回原处;回background/ ‘bækgraund/ n.背景，后景，经历backward/ ‘bækwəd/ a.向后的;倒的ad.倒bacteria/ bæk’tiəriə/ n.细菌bad/ bæd/ a.坏的，恶的;严重的badly/ ‘bædli/ ad.坏，差;严重地bag/ bæg/ n.袋，包，钱包，背包baggage/ ‘bægidʒ/ n.行李bake/ beik/ vt.烤，烘，焙;烧硬balance/ ‘bæləns/ vt.使平衡;称n.天平ball/ bɔ:l/ n.球，球状物;舞会balloon/ bə’lu:n/ n.气球，玩具气球banana/ bə’na:nə/ n.香蕉;芭蕉属植物band/ bænd/ n.乐队;带;波段bang/ bæŋ/ n.巨响，枪声;猛击bank/ bæŋk/ n.银行;库;岩，堤bar/ ba:/ n.酒吧间;条，杆;栅barber/ ‘ba:bə/ n.理发师bare/ beə/ a.赤裸的;仅仅的bargain/ ‘ba:gin/ n.交易vi.议价;成交barrel/ ‘bærəl/ n.桶;圆筒;枪管barrier/ ‘bæriə/ n.栅栏，屏障;障碍base/ beis/ n.基础，底层;基地basic/ ‘beisik/ a.基本的，基础的basically/ ‘beisikəli/ ad.基本上basin/ ‘beisn/ n.盆，洗脸盆;盆地basis/ ‘beisis/ n.基础，根据basket/ ‘ba:skit/ n.篮，篓，筐basketball/ ‘ba:skitbɔ:l/ n.篮球;篮球运动bath/ ba:θ/ n.浴，洗澡;浴缸bathe/ beið/ vt.给…洗澡;弄湿bathroom/ ‘ba:θrum/ n.浴室;盥洗室battery/ ‘bætəri/ n.电池;一套，一组bat tle/ ‘bætl/ n.战役;斗争vi.作战bay/ bei/ n.湾;山脉中的凹处be/ bi:/ aux.v.&vi.是，在，做beach/ bi:tʃ/ n.海滩，湖滩，河滩beam/ bi:m/ n.梁;横梁;束，柱bean/ bi:n/ n.豆，蚕豆bear/ beə/ n.熊;粗鲁的人bear/ beə/ vt.容忍;负担;生育beard/ biəd/ n.胡须，络腮胡子beast/ bi:st/ n.兽，野兽;牲畜beat/ bi:t/ vt.&vi.打，敲;打败beautiful/ ‘bju:tiful/ a.美的，美丽的beauty/ ‘bju:ti/ n.美，美丽;美人because/ bi’kɔz/ conj.由于，因为become/ bi’kΛm/ vi.变成;成为，变得bed/ bed/ n.床，床位;圃;河床bee/ bi:/ n.蜂，密蜂;忙碌的人beef/ bi:f/ n.牛肉;菜牛beer/ biə/ n.啤酒before/ bi’fɔ:/ prep.在…以前;向…beg/ beg/ vt.&vi.乞求;请求begin/ bi’gin/ vi.开始vt.开始beginning/ bi’giniŋ/ n.开始，开端;起源behalf/ bi’ha:f/ n.利益，维护，支持behave/ bi’heiv/ vi.表现，举止;运转behavior/ bi’heivjə/ n.行为，举止，态度behind/ bi’haind/ prep.在…后面being/ ‘bi:iŋ/ n.存在;生物;生命belief/ bi’li:f/ n.信任，相信;信念believe/ bi’li:v/ vt.相信;认为bell/ bel/ n.钟，铃，门铃;钟声belong/ bi’lɔŋ/ vi.属于，附属below/ bi’ləu/ prep.在…下面(以下)belt/ belt/ n.带，腰带;皮带;区bench/ bentʃ/ n.长凳，条凳;工作台bend/ bend/ vt.使弯曲vi.弯曲beneath/ bi’ni:θ/ prep.在…下方ben eficial/ beni’fiʃəl/ a.有利的，有益的benefit/ ‘benifit/ n.利益;恩惠;津贴beside/ bi’said/ prep.在…旁边besides/ bi’saidz/ ad.而且prep.除…之外best/ best/ a.最好的;最大的bet/ bet/ vt.&vi.&n.打赌better/ ‘betə/ a.较好的ad.更好地between/ bi’twi:n/ prep.在…中间beyond/ bi’jɔnd/ prep.在…的那边Bible/ ‘baibl/ n.基督教《圣经》bicycle/ ‘baisikl/ n.自行车，脚踏车big/ big/ a.大的，巨大的bike/ baik/ n.自行车vi.骑自行车bill/ bil/ n.账单;招贴;票据billion/ ‘biljən/ num.万亿(英)bind/ baind/ vt.捆绑;包扎;装钉biology/ bai’ɔlədʒi/ n.生物学;生态学bird/ bə:d/ n.鸟，禽birth/ bə:θ/ n.分娩，出生;出身birthday/ ‘bə:θdi/ n.生日，诞生的日期biscuit/ ‘biskit/ n.(英)饼干;(美)软饼bit/ bit/ n.一点，一些，小片bite/ bait/ vt.咬，叮，螫;剌穿bitter/ ‘bitə/ a.痛苦的;严寒的black/ blæk/ a.黑色的;黑暗的blackboard/ ‘blækbɔ:d/ n.黑板blade/ bleid/ n.刀刃，刀片;叶片blame/ bleim/ vt.责备，把…归咎于blank/ blæŋk/ a.空白的n.空白blanket/ ‘blæŋkit/ n.毛毯，毯子，羊毛毯blast/ bla:st/ n.爆炸，冲击波vt.炸bleed/ bli:d/ vi.出血，流血;泌脂blend/ blend/ vt.&vi.&n.混和blind/ blaind/ a.瞎的;盲目的block/ blɔk/ n.街区vt.堵塞，拦阻blood/ blΛd/ n.血，血液;血统bloom/ blu:m/ n.花;开花，开花期blow/ bləu/ vi.吹，吹动;吹响blue/ blu:/ a.蓝色的n.蓝色board/ bɔ:d/ n.板vt.上(船、车等)boast/ bəust/ vi.自夸vt.吹嘘boat/ bəut/ n.小船，艇;渔船body/ ‘bɔdi/ n.身体;主体;尸体bɔil/ bɔil/ vi.沸腾;汽化vt.煮沸bold/ bəuld/ a.大胆的;冒失的bolt/ bəult/ n.螺栓;插销vt.闩门bomb/ bɔm/ n.炸弹vt.轰炸bond/ bɔnd/ n.联结，联系;公债bone/ bəun/ n.骨，骨骼book/ buk/ n.书，书籍vt.预定boot/ bu:t/ n.靴子，长统靴border/ ‘bɔ:də/ n.边，边缘;边界bore/ bɔ:/ vt.使厌烦;钻，挖born/ bɔ:n/ a.天生的;出生的borrow/ ‘bɔrəu/ vt.借，借用，借人boss/ bɔs/ n.老板，上司vt.指挥both/ bəuθ/ pron.两者(都)bother/ ‘bɔðə/ vt.烦扰，迷惑n.麻烦bottle/ ‘bɔtl/ n.瓶，酒瓶;一瓶bottom/ ‘bɔtəm/ n.底，底部，根基bounce/ bauns/ vi.反跳，弹起;跳起bound/ baund/ a.一定的;有义务的boundary/ ‘baundəri/ n.分界线，办界bow/ bau/ n.弓;蝴蝶结;鞠躬bowl/ bəul/ n.碗，钵;碗状物box/ bɔks/ n.箱，盒;包箱box/ bɔks/ vi. 拳击，打拳boy/ bɔi/ n.男孩，少年;家伙brain/ brein/ n.脑，脑髓;脑力brake/ breik/ n.闸，刹车vi.制动branch/ bra:ntʃ/ n.树枝;分部;分科brand/ brænd/ n.商品;烙印vt.铭刻brass/ bra:s/ n.黄铜;黄铜器brave/ breiv/ a.勇敢的，华丽的bread/ bred/ n.面包;食物，粮食breadth/ bredð/ n.宽度，幅度;幅面break/ breik/ vt.打破;损坏;破坏breakfast/ ‘brekfəst/ n.早饭，早餐breast/ brest/ n.乳房;胸脯，胸膛breath/ breθ/ n.气息，呼吸;气味breathe/ bri:ð/ vi.呼吸vt.呼吸breed/ bri:d/ n.品种vt.使繁殖breeze/ bri:z/ n.微风，和风brick/ brik/ n.砖，砖块;砖状物bride/ braid/ n. 新娘bridge/ bridʒ/ n.桥，桥梁;桥牌brief/ bri:f/ a.简短的;短暂的bright/ brait/ a.明亮的;聪明的brilliant/ ‘briljənt/ a.光辉的;卓越的bring/ briŋ/ vt.带来;引出;促使British/ ‘britiʃ/ a.不列颠的，英联邦的broad/ brɔ:d/ a.宽的，阔的;广泛的broadcast/ ‘brɔ:dka:st/ n.广播，播音brother/ ‘brΛðə/ n.兄弟;同事，同胞brow/ brau/ n.额;眉，眉毛brown/ braun/ n.褐色，棕色brush/ brΛʃ/ n.刷子，毛刷;画笔bubble/ ‘bΛbl/ n.泡vi.冒泡，沸腾bucket/ ‘bΛkit/ n.水桶;吊桶;铲斗build/ bild/ vt.建筑;建立;创立building/ ‘bildiŋ/ n.建筑物，大楼;建筑bulb/ bΛlb/ n.电灯泡;球状物bulk/ bΛlk/ n.物体，容积，大批bullet/ ‘bulit/ n.枪弹，子弹，弹丸bundle/ ‘bΛndl/ n.捆，包，束;包袱burden/ ‘bə:dn/ n.担子，重担;装载量bureau/ ‘bjuərəu/ n.局，司，处;社，所burn/ bə:n/ vi.烧，燃烧n.烧伤burst/ bə:st/ vt.使爆裂vi.&n.爆炸bury/ ‘beri/ vt.埋葬，葬;埋藏bus/ bΛs/ n.公共汽车bush/ buʃ/ n.灌木，灌木丛，矮树business/ ‘biznis/ n.商业，生意;事务busy/ ‘bizi/ a.忙的，繁忙的but/ bΛt/ conj.但是，可是butter/ ‘bΛtə/ n.黄油;奶油button/ ‘bΛtn/ n.扣子;按钮vt.扣紧buy/ bai/ vt.买，购买vi.买by/ bai/ prep.在…旁;被，由c开头cabbage/ ‘kæbidʒ/ n.洋白菜，卷心菜cabin/ ‘kæbin/ n.小屋;船舱，机舱cabinet/ ‘kæbinit/ n.橱，柜;内阁cable/ ‘keibl/ n.缆，索;电缆;电报cafe/ ‘kæfei, kə’fei/ n.咖啡馆;小餐厅cage/ keidʒ/ n.笼;鸟笼，囚笼cake/ keik/ n.饼，糕，蛋糕calculate/ ‘kælkjuleit/ vt.计算;估计;计划calculator/ ‘kælkjuleitə/ n.计算器，计算者calendar/ ‘kælində/ n. 日历，历书;历法call/ kɔ:l/ vt.把…叫做;叫，喊calm/ ka:m/ a.静的，平静的camel/ ‘kæməl/ n.骆驼camera/ ‘kæmərə/ n.照相机，摄影机camp/ kæmp/ n.野营，营地，兵营campaign/ kæm’pein/ n.战役;运动campus/ ‘kæmpəs/ n.校园，学校场地can/ kæn/ aux.v.能，会，可能can/ kæn/ n.罐头，听头;容器Canadian/ kə’neidjən/ a.加拿大的canal/ kə’næl/ n.运河;沟渠;管cancel/ ‘kænsəl/ vt.取消，撤消;删去cancer/ ‘kænsə/ n.癌，癌症，肿瘤candidate/ ‘kændidit/ n.候选人;投考者candle/ ‘kændl/ n.蜡烛;烛形物;烛光cap/ kæp/ n.帽子，便帽;帽状物capable/ ‘keipəbl/ a.有能力的，有才能的capacity/ kə’pæsiti/ n.容量;能力;能量capital/ ‘kæpitl/ n.资本，资金;首都captain/ ‘kæptin/ n.陆军上尉;队长capture/ ‘kæptʃə/ vt.捕获，俘获;夺得car/ ka:/ n.汽车，小汽车，轿车carbon/ ‘ka:bən/ n.碳card/ ka:d/ n.卡，卡片，名片care/ keə/ vi.关心，介意n.小心career/ kə’riə/ n.生涯，职业，经历careful/ ‘keəful/ a.仔细的;细致的careless/ ‘keəlis/ a.粗心的，漫不经心的cargo/ ‘ka:gəu/ n.船货，货物carpenter/ ‘ka:pintə/ n.木工，木匠carpet/ ‘ka:pit/ n.地毯，毡毯，毛毯carriage/ ‘kæridʒ/ n.客车厢;四轮马车carrier/ ‘kæriə/ n.运输工具;运载工具carry/ ‘kæri/ vt.携带;运载;传送cart/ ka:t/ n.二轮运货马车case/ keis/ n.情况;事实;病例case/ keis/ n.箱(子)，盒(子)，套cash/ kæʃ/ n.现金，现款cassette/ ka:’set/ n.盒式录音带;盒子cast/ ka:st/ vt.投，扔，抛;浇铸castle/ ‘ka:sl/ n.城堡;巨大建筑物casual/ ‘kæʒjuəl/ a.偶然的;随便的cat/ kæt/ n.猫，猫科，猫皮catalog/ ‘kætəlɔg/ n.目录，目录册catch/ kætʃ/ vt.捉住;赶上;领会cattle/ ‘kætl/ n.牛;牲口，家畜cause/ kɔ:z/ n.原因，理由;事业cave/ keiv/ n.山洞，洞穴，窑洞cease/ si:s/ vi.&vi.&n.停止，停息ceiling/ ‘si:liŋ/ n. 天花板，顶蓬celebrate/ ‘selibreit/ vt.庆祝;歌颂，赞美cell/ sel/ n.细胞;小房间cement/ si’ment/ n.水泥;胶泥vt.粘结cent/ sent/ n.分;分币;百centimetre/ ‘sentimi:tə/ n.公分，厘米central/ ‘sentrəl/ a.中心的;主要的centre/ ‘sentə/ n.中心;中枢vt.集中century/ ‘sentʃuri/ n.世纪，百年ceremony/ ‘seriməni/ n.典礼，仪式;礼节certain/ ‘sə:tən/ a.确实的;肯定的certainly/ ‘sə:tənli/ ad.一定，必定;当然certificate/ sə’tifikit/ n.证书，证件，执照chain/ tʃein/ n.链，链条，项圈chair/ tʃeə/ n.椅子;主席chairman/ ‘tʃeəmən/ n.主席;议长，会长chalk/ tʃɔ:k/ n.白垩;粉笔challenge/ ‘tʃæləndʒ/ n.挑战;要求，需要chamber/ ‘tʃeimbə/ n.会议室;房间;腔champion/ ‘tʃæmpjən/ n.冠军，得胜者chance/ tʃa:ns/ n.机会，机遇;可能性change/ tʃeindʒ/ n.改变，变化;零钱channel/ ‘tʃænl/ n.海峡;渠道;频道chapter/ ‘tʃæptə/ n.章，回，篇character/ ‘kæriktə/ n.性格;特性;角色characteristic/ kæriktə’ristik/ a.特有的n.特性charge/ tʃa:dʒ/ vt.索价;控告n.费用chart/ tʃa:t/ n.图，图表;海图chase/ tʃeis/ n.追逐，追赶，追求cheap/ tʃi:p/ a.廉价的;劣质的cheat/ tʃi:t/ vt.骗取;哄vi.行骗check/ tʃek/ vt.检查;制止n.检查cheek/ tʃi:k/ n.面颊，脸蛋cheer/ tʃiə/ vt.使振作;欢呼cheerful/ ‘tʃiəful/ a.快乐的，愉快的cheese/ tʃi:z/ n.乳酪，干酪chemical/ ‘kemikl/ a.化学的n.化学制品chemist/ ‘kemist/ n.化学家;药剂师chemistry/ ‘kemistri/ n.化学cheque/ tʃek/ n.支票chess/ tʃes/ n.棋;国际象棋chest/ tʃest/ n.胸腔，胸膛;箱子chew/ tʃu:/ vt.咀嚼，嚼碎chicken/ ‘tʃikin/ n.小鸡，小鸟;鸡肉chief/ tʃi:f/ a.主要的;首席的child/ tʃaild/ n.小孩，儿童;儿子childhood/ ‘tʃaildhud/ n.童年，幼年;早期chill/ tʃil/ vt.使变冷n.寒冷chimney/ ‘tʃimni/ n.烟囱，烟筒;玻璃罩chin/ tʃin/ n.颏，下巴China/ ‘tʃainə/ n.中国china/ ‘tʃainə/ n.瓷器，瓷料Chinese/ ‘tʃai’ni:z/ a.中国的n.中国人chocolate/ ‘tʃɔkəlit/ n.巧克力;巧克力糖chɔice/ tʃɔis/ n.选择，抉择choke/ tʃəuk/ vt.使窒息;塞满choose/ tʃu:z/ vt.选择，挑选;情愿chop/ tʃɔp/ vt.砍，劈;切细vi.砍Christian/ ‘kristiən/ n.基督教徒;信徒Christmas/ ‘krisməs/ n.圣诞节church/ tʃə:tʃ/ n.教堂，礼拜堂;教会cigarette/ sigə’ret/ n.香烟，纸烟，卷烟cinema/ ‘sinimə/ n.电影院;电影，影片circle/ ‘sə:kl/ n.圆，圆周;圈子circuit/ ‘sə:kit/ n.电路;环行;巡行circular/ ‘sə:kjulə/ a.圆的;循环的circulate/ ‘sə:kjuleit/ vt.使循环vi.循环circumference/ sə’kΛmfərəns/ n.圆周，周长，圆周线circumstance/ ‘sə:kəmstəns/ n.情况，条件;境遇citizen/ ‘sitizn/ n.公民;市民，居民city/ ‘siti/ n.城市，都市civil/ ‘sivl/ a.公民的;文职的civilization/ sivilai’zeiʃən/ n.文明，文化;开化civilize/ ‘sivilaiz/ vt.使文明;教育claim/ kleim/ vt.声称，主张;索取clap/ klæp/ vi.拍手vt.拍，轻拍clarify/ ‘klærifai/ vt.澄清，阐明class/ kla:s/ n.班，班级;阶级classical/ ‘klæsikəl/ a.古典的;经典的classification/ klæsifi’keiʃən/ n.分类;分级;分类法classify/ ‘klæsifai/ vt.把…分类classmate/ ‘kla:smeit/ n.同班同学classroom/ ‘kla:srum/ n.教室，课堂claw/ klɔ:/ n.爪，脚爪，螯clay/ klei/ n.粘土，泥土;肉体clean/ kli:n/ a.清洁的;纯洁的clear/ kliə/ a.清晰的vt.清除clerk/ kla:k, klə:k/ n.店员;办事员，职员clever/ ‘klevə/ a.聪明的;机敏的cliff/ klif/ n.悬崖，峭壁climate/ ‘klaimit/ n.气候;风土，地带climb/ klaim/ vi.攀登，爬vt.爬clock/ klɔk/ n.钟，仪表close/ kləuz, kləus/ vt.关，闭;结束cloth/ klɔ:θ/ n.布;衣料;桌布clothe/ kləuð/ vt.给…穿衣服clothes/ kləuðz/ n.衣服，服装;被褥clothing/ ‘kləuðiŋ/ n.衣服，被褥cloud/ klaud/ n.云;云状物;阴影cloudy/ klaudi/ a.多云的;云一般的club/ klΛb/ n.俱乐部，夜总会clue/ klu:/ n.线索，暗示，提示clumsy/ ‘klΛmzi/ a.笨拙的;愚笨的coach/ kəutʃ/ n.长途公共汽车coal/ kəul/ n.煤，煤块coarse/ kɔ:s/ a.粗的，粗糙的coast/ kəust/ n.海岸，海滨(地区) coat/ kəut/ n.外套，上衣;表皮cock/ kɔk/ n.公鸡;雄禽;旋塞code/ kəud/ n.准则;法典;代码coffee/ ‘kɔfi/ n.咖啡，咖啡茶cɔil/ kɔil/ n.(一)卷;线圈vt.卷cɔin/ kɔin/ n.硬币;铸造(硬币)cold/ kəuld/ a.冷的;冷淡的n.冷collapse/ kə’læps/ vi.倒坍;崩溃，瓦解collar/ ‘kɔlə/ n.衣领，项圈colleague/ ‘kɔli:g/ n.同事，同僚collect/ kə’lekt/ vt.收集vi.收款collection/ kə’lekʃən/ n.搜集，收集;收藏品collective/ kə’lektiv/ a.集体的;集合性的college/ ‘kɔlidʒ/ n.学院;大学collision/ kə’liʒ(ə)n/ n.碰撞;冲突colony/ ‘kɔləni/ n.殖民地;侨居地color/ ‘kΛlə/ n.颜色，彩色;颜料column/ ‘kɔləm/ n.柱，支柱，圆柱comb/ kəum/ n.梳子vt.梳理combination/ kɔmbi’neiʃən/ n.结合，联合;化合combine/ kəm’bain/ vt.使结合;兼有come/ kΛm/ vi.来，来到;出现comfort/ ‘kΛmfət/ n.舒适;安慰vt.安慰comfortable/ ‘kΛmfətəbl/ a.舒适的，安慰的command/ kə’ma:nd/ vt.命令，指挥;控制commander/ kə’ma:ndə/ n.司令官，指挥员comment/ ‘kɔment/ n.评论，意见;注释commerce/ ‘kɔmə(:)s/ n.商业，贸易;社交commercial/ kə’mə:ʃəl/ a.商业的;商品化的commission/ kə’miʃən/ n.委任状;委员会commit/ kə’mit/ vt.犯(错误);干(坏事) committee/ kə’miti/ n.委员会;全体委员common/ ‘kɔmən/ a.普通的;共同的communicate/ kə’mju:nikeit/ vi.通讯;传达;传播communication/ kə’mju:nikeiʃən/ n.通讯;传达;交通communism/ ‘kɔmjunizəm/ n.共产主义communist/ ‘kɔmjunist/ n.共产党员community/ kə’mju:niti/ n.社区;社会;公社companion/ kəm’pæniən/ n.同伴;共事者;伴侣company/ ‘kΛmpəni/ n.公司，商号;同伴comparative/ kəm’pærətiv/ a.比较的，相对的compare/ kəm’peə/ vt.比较，对照;比作comparison/ kəm’pærisn/ n.比较，对照;比似compass/ ‘kΛmpəs/ n.罗盘，指南针;圆规compel/ kəm’pel/ vt.强迫，迫使屈服compete/ kəm’pi:t/ vi.比赛;竞争;对抗competent/ ‘kɔmpitənt/ a.有能力的;应该做的competition/ kɔmpə’tiʃən/ n.竞争，比赛complain/ kəm’plein/ vi.抱怨，拆苦;控告complaint/ kəm’pleint/ n.抱怨;怨言;控告complete/ kəm’pli:t/ a.完整的;完成的complex/ ‘kɔmpleks/ a.结合的;复杂的complicated/ ‘kɔmplikeitid/ a.复杂的，难懂的component/ kəm’pəunənt/ n.组成部分;分;组件compose/ kəm’pəuz/ vt.组成，构成;创作composition/ kɔmpə’ziʃən/ n.构成;作品;写作compound/ ‘kɔmpaund, kəm’paund/ n.化合物;复合词comprehension/ kɔmpri’henʃən/ n.理解，理解力;领悟comprehensive/ kɔmpri’hensiv/ a.广泛的;理解的compress/ kəm’pres/ vt.压紧，压缩comprise/ kəm’praiz/ vt.包含，包括;构成compromise/ ‘kɔmprəmaiz/ n.妥协，和解compute/ kəm’pju:t/ vt.计算，估计，估算computer/ kəm’pju:tə/ n.计算机，电脑conceal/ kən’si:l/ vt.把…隐藏起来concentrate/ ‘kɔnsəntreit/ vt.集中;聚集;浓缩concentration/ kɔnsən’treiʃən/ n.集中;专注;浓缩concept/ ‘kɔnsept/ n.概念，观念，设想concern/ kən’sə:n/ n.关心，挂念;关系concerning/ kən’sə:niŋ/ prep.关于concert/ ‘kɔnsət/ n.音乐会，演奏会conclude/ kən’klu:d/ vt.推断出;结束conclusion/ kən’klu:ʒən/ n.结论，推论;结尾concrete/ ‘kɔnkri:t/ n.混凝土;具体物condemn/ kən’dem/ vt.谴责，指责;判刑condense/ kən’dens/ vt.压缩，使缩短condition/ kən’diʃən/ n.状况，状态;环境conduct/ ‘kɔndəkt, kən’dΛkt/ n.举止，行为;指导conductor/ kən’dΛktə/ n.售票员;(乐队)指挥conference/ ‘kɔnfərəns/ n.会议，讨论会confess/ kən’fes/ vt.供认，承认;坦白confidence/ ‘kɔnfidəns/ n.信任;信赖;信心confident/ ‘kɔnfidənt/ n.确信的，自信的confine/ kən’fain/ vt.限制;禁闭confirm/ kən’fə:m/ vt.证实，肯定;批准conflict/ ‘kɔnflikt, kən’flikt/ n.争论;冲突;斗争confuse/ kən’fju:z/ vt.使混乱，混淆congratulate/ kən’grætjuleit/ vt.祝贺，向…道喜congress/ ‘kɔŋgres/ n.大会;国会，议会conjunction/ kən’dʒΛŋkʃən/ n.接合，连接;连接词connect/ kə’nekt/ vt.连接，连结;联系connection/ kə’nekʃən/ n.连接，联系;连贯性conquer/ ‘kɔŋkə/ vt.征服，战胜;破除conquest/ ‘kɔŋkwest/ n.攻取，征服;克服conscience/ ‘kɔnʃəns/ n.良心，道德心conscious/ ‘kɔnʃəs/ a.意识到的;有意的consciousness/ ‘kɔnʃəsnis/ n.意识，觉悟;知觉consent/ kən’sent/ n.同意，赞成vi.同意consequence/ ‘kɔnsikwəns/ n.结果，后果consequently/ ‘kɔnsikwəntli/ ad.因此，因而，所以conservation/ kɔnsə(:)’veiʃən/ n.保存，保护;守恒conservative/ kən’sə:vətiv/ a.保守的n.保守的人consider/ kən’sidə/ vt.认为;考虑;关心considerable/ kən’sidərəbl/ a.相当大的;重要的considerate/ kən’sidərit/ a.考虑周到的;体谅的consideration/ kənsidə’reiʃən/ n.考虑，思考;体贴consist/ kən’sist/ vi.由…组成;在于consistent/ kən’sistənt/ a.坚持的，一贯的constant/ ‘kɔnstənt/ a.经常的;永恒的constitute/ ‘kɔnstitju:t/ vt. 构成,组成,任命constitution/ kɔnsti’tju:ʃən/ n.章程;体质;构造construct/ kən’strΛkt/ vt.建造;建设;构筑construction/ kən’strΛkʃən/ n.建造;建筑;建筑物consult/ kən’sΛlt/ vt.请教，查阅consume/ kən’sju:m/ vt.消耗，消费;消灭consumption/ kən’sΛmpʃən/ n.消耗量;消耗contact/ ‘kɔntækt, kən’tækt/ vt.使接触;与…联系contain/ kən’tein/ vt.包含，容纳;等于container/ kən’teinə/ n.容器;集装箱contemporary/ kən’tempərəri/ a.当代的，同时代的contempt/ kən’tempt/ n.轻蔑;藐视;受辱content/ ‘kɔntent, kən’tent/ n.内容，目录;容量content/ ‘kɔntent, kən’tent/ a.满意的，满足的contest/ kən’test, ‘kɔntest/ vt.争夺，争取;辩驳continent/ ‘kɔntinənt/ n.大陆;陆地;洲continual/ kən’tinjuəl/ a.不断的;连续的continue/ kən’tinju(:)/ vt.继续，连续;延伸continuous/ kən’tinjuəs/ a.连续不断的，持续的contract/ ‘kɔntrækt, kən’trækt/ n.契约，合同;婚约contradiction/ kɔntrə’dikʃən/ n.矛盾，不一致;否认contrary/ ‘kɔntrəri/ a.相反的n.相反contrast/ ‘kɔntræst, kən’træst/ n.对比，对照，悬殊contribute/ kən’tribju(:)t/ vt.捐献，捐助;投稿control/ kən’trəul/ vt.控制，克制n.控制convenience/ kən’vi:njəns/ n.便利，方便;厕所convenient/ kən’vi:njənt/ a.便利的;近便的convention/ kən’venʃən/ n.习俗，惯例;公约conventional/ kən’venʃənl/ a.普通的;习惯的conversation/ kɔnvə’seiʃən/ n.会话，非正式会谈conversely/ ‘kɔnvə:sli/ ad.相反地conversion/ kən’və:ʃən/ n.转变，转化;改变convert/ kən’və:t, ‘kɔnvə:t/ vt.使转变;使改变convey/ kən’vei/ vt.传送;运送;传播convince/ kən’vins/ vt.使确信，使信服cook/ kuk/ vt.烹调，煮vt.烧菜cool/ ku:l/ a.凉的，冷静的cooperate/ kəu’ɔpəreit/ vi.合作，协作;配合coordinate/ kəu’ɔdinit/ vt.使协调，调节cope/ kəup/ vi.对付，应付copper/ ‘kɔpə/ n.铜;铜币，铜制器copy/ ‘kɔpi/ n.抄件vt.抄写，复制cord/ kɔ:d/ n.细绳，粗线，索core/ kɔ:/ n.果实的心，核心corn/ kɔ:n/ n.谷物;(英)小麦corner/ ‘kɔ:nə/ n.角;犄角;边远地区corporation/ kɔ:pə’reiʃən/ n.公司，企业;社团correct/ kə’rekt/ a.正确的vt.纠正correspond/ kɔris’pɔnd/ vi.相符合;相当corresponding/ kɔris’pɔndiŋ/ a.相应的;符合的corridor/ ‘kɔridɔ:/ n.走廊，回廊，通路cost/ kɔst/ n.价格，代价;成本costly/ ‘kɔstli/ a.昂贵的;价值高的co ttage/ ‘kɔtidʒ/ n.村舍，小屋cotton/ ‘kɔtn/ n.棉;棉线;棉布cough/ kɔf/ vi.咳，咳嗽n.咳嗽could/ kud, kəd/ aux.v.(can的过去式) council/ ‘kaunsil/ n.理事会，委员会count/ kaunt/ vt.计算vi.数，计数counter/ ‘kauntə/ n.柜台;计数器country/ ‘kΛntri/ n.国家，国土;农村countryside/ ‘kΛntrisaid/ n.乡下，农村county/ ‘kaunti/ n.英国的郡，美国的县couple/ ‘kΛpl/ n.夫妇;(一)对;几个courage/ ‘kΛridʒ/ n.勇气，胆量，胆识course/ kɔ:s/ n.课程;过程;一道菜court/ kɔ:t/ n.法院，法庭;庭院cousin/ ‘kΛzn/ n.堂(或表)兄弟(姐妹) cover/ ‘kΛvə/ vt.盖，包括n.盖子cow/ kau/ n.母牛，奶牛;母兽crack/ kræk/ n.裂缝，裂纹vi.爆裂craft/ kra:ft/ n.工艺;手艺，行业crane/ krein/ n.起重机，摄影升降机crash/ kræʃ/ vi.碰撞，坠落n.碰撞crawl/ krɔ:l/ vi.爬，爬行crazy/ ‘kreizi/ a.疯狂的，荒唐的cream/ kri:m/ n.奶油，乳脂;奶油色create/ kri(:)’eit/ vt.创造;引起，产生creative/ kri(:)’eitiv/ a.创造性的，创作的creature/ ‘kri:tʃə/ n.生物，动物，家畜credit/ ‘kredit/ n.信用贷款;信用creep/ kri:p/ vi.爬行;缓慢地行进crew/ kru:/ n.全体船员crime/ kraim/ n.罪，罪行;犯罪criminal/ ‘kriminl/ n.犯人，罪犯，刑事犯crisis/ ‘kraisis/ n.危机;存亡之际critic/ ‘kritik/ n.批评家，爱挑剔的人critical/ ‘kritikəl/ a.决定性的;批评的criticism/ ‘kritisizəm/ n.批评;批判;评论criticize/ ‘kritisaiz/ vt.批评;评论;非难crop/ krɔp/ n.农作物，庄稼;一熟cross/ krɔs/ vt.穿过;使交叉crowd/ kraud/ n.群;大众;一伙人crown/ kraun/ n.王冠，冕;花冠crude/ kru:d/ a.简陋的;天然的cruel/ ‘kruəl/ a.残忍的，残酷的c rush/ krΛʃ/ vt.压碎，碾碎;镇压crust/ krΛst/ n.面包皮;硬外皮cry/ krai/ vi.哭，哭泣;叫喊crystal/ ‘kristl/ n.水晶，结晶体;晶粒cube/ kju:b/ n.立方形;立方cubic/ ‘kju:bik/ a.立方形的;立方的cultivate/ ‘kΛltiveit/ vt.耕;种植;培养culture/ ‘kΛltʃə/ n.文化，文明;教养cup/ kΛp/ n.杯子;(一)杯;奖杯cu pboard/ ‘kΛbəd/ n.碗柜，碗碟橱;食橱cure/ kjuə/ vt.医治;消除n.治愈curiosity/ kjuəri’ositi/ n.好奇，好奇心;珍品curious/ ‘kjuəriəs/ a.好奇的;稀奇古怪的current/ ‘kΛrənt/ a.当前的;通用的curse/ kə:s/ n.诅咒，咒骂;天谴curtain/ ‘kə:tn/ n.帘，窗帘;幕(布)curve/ kə:v/ n.曲线;弯vt.弄弯cushion/ ‘kuʃən/ n.垫子，坐垫，靠垫custom/ ‘kΛstəm/ n.习惯，风俗;海关customer/ ‘kΛstəmə/ n.顾客，主顾cut/ kΛt/ vt.切，割，剪;减少cycle/ ‘saikl/ n自行车，循环d开头daily [‘deili] a.每日的n.日报dairy [‘dɛəri] n.牛奶场;乳制品dam [dæm] n.水坝,水堤;障碍物damage [‘dæmidʒ] vt.损害,毁坏n.损害damp [dæmp] a.潮湿的,有湿气的dance [dɑ:ns] vi.跳舞;摇晃n.舞danger [‘deindʒə] n.危险;危险事物dangerous [‘deindʒərəs] a.危险的,不安全的dare [dɛə] vt.&aux.v.敢;竟敢daring [‘deərɪŋ] a.大胆的,勇敢的dark [dɑ:k] a.暗的;黑色的darling [‘dɑ:liŋ] n.亲爱的人;宠儿dash [dæʃ] vt.使猛撞;溅n.猛冲data [‘de itə] n.数据; 资料date [deit] n.日期vt.注…日期daughter [‘dɔ:tə] n.女儿dawn [dɔ:n] n.黎明;开端vi.破晓day [dei] n.(一)天,白昼,白天daylight [‘deilait] n.白昼,日光;黎明dead [ded] a.死的,无生命的deadly [‘dedli] a.致命的,死一般的deaf [def] a.聋的;不愿听的deal [di:l] n.买卖;待遇vt.给予dear [diə] a.亲爱的int.啊death [deθ] n.死,死亡;灭亡debate [di’beit] n.&vi.争论,辩论debt [det] n.债,债务,欠债decade [‘dekeid，dɪ’keɪd] n.十年,十年期decay [di’kei] vi.腐烂;衰败n.腐烂deceit [di’si:t] n.欺骗,欺诈deceive [di’si:v] vt.欺骗,蒙蔽,行骗December [di’sembə] n.十二月decent [‘di:sənt，’diːsnt] a.正派的;体面的decide [di’said] vt.决定,决心;解决decision [di’siʒən] n.决定,决心;果断deck [dek] n.甲板;舱面;层面decorate [‘dekəreit] vt.装饰,装璜,修饰decrease [di:’kri:s] vi.&n.减少,减少deduce [di’dju:s] vt.演绎,推论,推断deed [di:d] n.行为;功绩;契约deep [di:p] a.深的;纵深的deepen [‘di:pən] vt.加深vi.深化deer [diə] n.鹿defeat [di’fi:t] vt.战胜,击败;挫败defect [di’fekt] n.缺点,缺陷,欠缺defence [di’fens] n.防御;防务;辩护defend [di’fend] vt.保卫,防守define [di’fain] vt.给…下定义;限定definite [‘definit] a.明确的;肯定的definitely [‘definitli] ad.一定地,明确地definition [defi’niʃən] n.定义,释义;定界degree [di’ɡri:] n.程度;度;学位delay [di’lei] vt.推迟;耽搁;延误delete [di’li:t] vt.删除;擦掉delegation [delɪ’geɪʃən] n.代表团delicate [‘delikit] a.纤细的;易碎的delicious [di’liʃəs] a.美味的,怡人的delight [di’lait] n.快乐vt.使高兴delivery [di’livəri] n.投递;交付;分娩demand [di’mɑ:nd] vt.要求;需要;询问democracy [di’mɔkrəsi] n.民主,民主制democratic [demə’krætik] a.民主的,民主政体的demonstr ate [‘demənstreit] vt.说明;论证;表露dense [dens] a.密集的;浓厚的density [‘densiti] n.密集,稠密;密度deny [di’nai] vt.否定;拒绝相信depart [di’pɑ:t] vi.离开,起程;出发department [di’pɑ:tmənt] n.部,司,局,处,系departure [di’pɑ:tʃə，dɪ’pɑːtʃə(r)] n.离开,出发,起程depend [di’pend] vi.依靠,依赖;相信dependent [di’pendənt] a.依靠的,依赖的deposit [di’pɔzit] vt.使沉淀;存放depress [di’pres] vt.使沮丧;按下depth [depθ] n.深度;深厚;深处derive [di’raiv] vt.取得vi.起源descend [di’send] vi.下来,下降;下倾describe [dis’kraib] vt.形容;描写,描绘description [dis’kripʃn] n.描写,形容;种类desert [‘dezət] n.沙漠vt.离弃;擅离deserve [di’zə:v] vt.应受,值得design [di’zain] vt.设计n.设计;图样desirable [di’zaiərəbl] a.值得相望的;可取的desire [di’zaiə] vt.相望;要求n.愿望desk [desk] n.书桌,办公桌despair [dis’pɛə] n.绝望vi.绝望desperate [‘despərit] a.拼死的;绝望的despise [dis’paiz] vt.鄙视,蔑视despite [dis’pait] prep.不管,不顾destination [desti’neiʃən] n.目的地,终点;目标destroy [dis’trɔi] vt.破坏;消灭;打破destruction [dis’trʌkʃən] n.破坏,毁灭,消灭detail [‘di:teil] n.细节;枝节;零件detect [di’tekt] vt.察觉,发觉;侦察detecti on [di’tekʃən] n.察觉,发觉;侦察determination [ditə:mi’neiʃən] n.决心;决定;确定determine [di’tə:min] vt.决定;查明;决心develop [di’veləp] vt.发展;形成;开发development [di’veləpmənt] n.发展;开发;生长device [di’vais] n.器械,装置;设计devil [‘devl] n.魔鬼,恶魔devise [di’vaiz] vt.设计,发明devote [di’vəut] vt.将…奉献,致力于dew [dju:] n.露,露水diagram [‘daiəɡræm] n.图解,图表,简图dial [‘daiəl] n.钟面;拨号盘vt.拨dialect [‘daiəlekt] n.方言,土语,地方话dialog [‘daiəlɔɡ] n.对话,对白diameter [dai’æmitə] n.直径diamond [‘daiəmənd] n.金钢石,钻石;菱形diary [‘daiəri] n.日记,日记簿dictate [dik’teit] vt.&vi.口授;命令dictation [dik’teiʃən] n.口授笔录,听写dictionary [‘dikʃənəri] n.词典,字典die [dai] vi.死,死亡;灭亡differ [‘difə] vi.不同,相异difference [‘difərəns] n.差别;差;分歧different [‘difərənt] a.差异的;各种的difficult [‘di fikəlt] a.困难的;难对付的difficulty [‘difikəlti] a.困难;难事;困境dig [diɡ] vt.掘,挖;采掘digest [dai’dʒest] vt.消化;领会n.文摘digital [‘didʒitəl] a.数字的,计数的diligent [‘dilidʒənt] a.勤勉的,勤奋的dim [dim] a.昏暗的;朦胧的dimension [di’menʃən] n.尺寸,尺度;面积dinner [‘dinə] n.正餐,主餐;宴会dip [dip] vt.浸,蘸vi.浸一浸direct [di’rekt] a.直接的;直率的direction [di’rekʃən] n.方向,方位;指导directly [di’rektli] ad.直接地;立即director [di’rektə，də’rektə(r)，daɪ-] n.指导者;理事;导演dirt [də:t] n.尘,土;污物,污垢dirty [‘də:ti] a.脏的;下流的disable [dis’eibl] vt.使无能,使伤残disadvantage [disəd’vɑ:ntidʒ] n.不利,不利地位disagree [disə’ɡri:] vi.有分歧;不一致disappear [disə’piə] vi.不见,失踪;消失disappoint [disə’pɔint] vt.使失望,使受挫折disaster [di’zɑ:stə] n.灾难,灾祸;天灾disk [disk] n.圆盘,唱片;磁盘discard [dis’kɑ:d] vt.丢弃,抛弃,遗弃discharge [dis’tʃɑ:dʒ] vt.释放;排出n.释放discipline [‘disiplin] n.纪律;训练vt.训练disclose [dis’kləuz] vt.揭开,揭发;透露discourage [dis’kʌridʒ] vt.使泄气,使灰心discover [dis’kʌvə] vt.发现;暴露,显示discovery [dis’kʌvəri] n.发现;被发现的事物discuss [dis’kʌs] vt.讨论,谈论;论述discussion [dis’kʌʃən] n.讨论,谈论;论述disease [di’zi:z] n.病,疾病;病害disguise [dis’ɡaiz] vi.隐瞒,掩埋n.假装disgust [dis’ɡʌst] n.厌恶,憎恶dish [diʃ] n.碟,盘子;菜肴dishonour [dis’ɔnə] n.不光彩;丢脸的人dislike [dis’laik] vt.&n.不喜爱,厌恶dismiss [dis’mis] vt.不再考虑;解雇disorder [dis’ɔ:də] n.混乱,杂乱;骚乱display [dis’plei] vt.陈列,展览;显示disposal [dis’pəuzəl] n.丢掉,处理,销毁dispose [dis’pəuz] vi.去掉,丢掉;销毁displease [dɪs’pli:z] vt.使不愉快,使生气dispute [dis’pju:t] vi.争论,争执n.争论dissatisfy [dɪs’sætɪsfaɪ] vi.使不满,使不平dissolve [di‘zɔlv] vt.使溶解;解散distance [‘distəns] n.距离,间距;远处distant [‘distənt] a.在远处的,疏远的distinct [dis’tiŋkt] a.与其他不同的distinction [dis’tiŋkʃən] n.差别,不同,区分distinguish [dis’tiŋɡwiʃ] vt.区别,辨别,认别distress [dis’tres] n.忧虑,悲伤;不幸distribute [dis’tribju:t] vt.分发,分送;分布distribution [distri’bju:ʃən] n.分发,分配;分布district [‘distrikt] n.区;地区,区域disturb [dis’tə:b] vt.打扰,扰乱;弄乱ditch [ditʃ] n.沟,沟渠,渠道dive [daiv] vi.跳水;潜水;俯冲diverse [dai’vəs，daɪ’vɜːs] a.不一样的,相异的divide [di’vaid] vt.分;分配;分开division [d i’viʒən] n.分,分配;除法divorce [di’vɔ:sei] n.离婚,离异vi.离婚do [du:, du, də, d] aux.v. vt.做,干,办dock [dɔk] n.船坞;码头;船厂doctor [‘dɔktə] n.医生,医师;博士document [‘dɔkjumənt] n.公文,文件;证件dog [dɔɡ] n.狗,犬,犬科动物dollar [‘dɔlə] n.元(货币单位)domestic [də’mestik] a.本国的;家庭的donkey ['dɔŋki] n.驴;笨蛋door [dɔ:] n.门,通道;一家dorm [dɔ:m] n.宿舍dormitory [‘dɔ:mitri] n.集体寝室;宿舍dose [dəus] n.剂量,用量;一剂dot [dɔt] n.点,圆点vt.打点于double [‘dʌbl] a.两倍的;双的doubt [daut] n.怀疑;疑虑vt.怀疑。
Day 17【词汇拓展+练习】-35天全面突破高考英语3500考纲核心高频词
高考英语核心词汇拓展Day 17 321. hesitate /'hezɪteɪt/ v. 犹豫；迟疑；含糊【拓展】(1)hesitate to do sth.不愿意(不想，不好意思)做某事hesitate about/over doing sth. 做某事犹豫不决(2)hesitation n. 犹豫，踌躇，迟疑；不情愿have no hesitation in doing sth. 毫不犹豫地做某事without hesitation 毫不犹豫地【例句】①She never hesitates at anything that will benefit her friends．对她朋友有利的事，她从不犹豫。
②Without any hesitation, the old man jumped into the river to save the drowning young woman.＝The old man had no hesitation in jumping into the river to save the drowning young woman.这位老人毫不犹豫地跳下河去救落水的年轻女子。
【串记】Hesitation is not a good thing. He is always hesitating about making decisions. 犹豫不是好事。
他总是对做决定犹豫不决。
322. hide /haɪd/ (hid, hidden) v.把…藏起来，隐藏【拓展】hide ... from ...向……隐瞒……；把……隐藏起来hide ... behind/under/in ...隐藏到……后面/下面/里面hide away 隐藏hide one's feelings 掩饰感情hide one's head 把脸藏起来，羞得躲起来hide-and-seek n.捉迷藏【例句】①She and her family hid_away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered.她与家人躲藏了将近二十五个月之后才被发现。
2018年英语四级高频单词、词组、短语.听力核心词汇
2018大学英语四级高频词汇700个1. alter v. 改变，改动，变更2. burst vi. n. 突然发生，爆裂3. dispose vi. 除掉;处置;解决;处理(of)4. blast n. 爆炸;气流 vi. 炸，炸掉5. consume v. 消耗，耗尽6. split v. 劈开;割裂;分裂 a. 裂开的7. spit v. 吐(唾液等);唾弃8. spill v. 溢出，溅出，倒出9. slip v. 滑动，滑落;忽略10. slide v. 滑动，滑落 n. 滑动;滑面;幻灯11. bacteria n. 细菌12. breed n. 种，品种 v. 繁殖，产仔13. budget n. 预算 v. 编预算，作安排14. candidate n. 候选人15. campus n. 校园16. liberal a. 慷慨的;丰富的;自由的17. transform v. 转变，变革;变换18. transmit v. 传播，播送;传递19. transplant v. 移植20. transport vat. 运输，运送 n. 运输，运21. shift v. 转移;转动;转变22. vary v. 变化，改变;使多样化23. vanish vi. 消灭，不见24. swallow v. 吞下，咽下 n. 燕子25. suspicion n. 怀疑，疑心26. suspicious a. 怀疑的，可疑的27. mild a. 温暖的，暖和的;温柔的，味淡28. tender a. 温柔的;脆弱的29. nuisance n. 损害，妨害，讨厌(的人或30. insignificant a. 无意义的，无足轻重的;31. accelerate vt. 加速，促进32. absolute a. 绝对的，无条件的;完全的33. boundary n. 分界线，边界34. brake n. 刹车，制动器 v. 刹住(车)35. catalog n. 目录(册) v. 编目36. vague a. 模糊的，不明确的37. vain n. 徒劳，白费38. extinct a. 绝灭的，熄灭的39. extraordinary a. 不平常的，特别的，非凡的40. extreme a. 极度的，极端的 n. 极端，41. agent n. 代理人，代理商;动因，原因42. alcohol n. 含酒精的饮料，酒精43. appeal n. /vi. 呼吁，恳求44. appreciate vt. 重视，赏识，欣赏45. approve v. 赞成，同意，批准46. stimulate vt. 刺激，激励47. acquire vt. 取得，获得;学到48. accomplish vt . 完成，到达;实行49. network n. 网状物;广播网，电视网;网络50. tide n. 潮汐;潮流51. tidy a. 整洁的，整齐的52. trace vt. 追踪，找到 n. 痕迹，踪迹53. torture n. /vt. 拷打，折磨54. wander vi. 漫游，闲逛55. wax n. 蜡56. weave v. 织，编57. preserve v. 保护，保存，保持，维持61. abuse v. 滥用，虐待;谩骂62. academic a. 学术的;高等院校的;研究院的63. academy n. (高等)专科院校;学会64. battery n. 电池(组)65. barrier n. 障碍;棚栏66. cargo n. (船、飞机等装载的)货物67. career n. 生涯，职业68. vessel n. 船舶;容器，器皿;血管69. vertical a. 垂直的70. oblige v. 迫使，责成;使感激71. obscure a. 阴暗，模糊72. extent n. 程度，范围，大小，限度73. exterior n. 外部，外表 a. 外部的，74. external a. 外部的，外表的，外面的75. petrol n. 汽油76. petroleum n. 石油77. delay vt. /n. 推迟，延误，耽搁78. decay vi. 腐烂，腐朽79. decent a. 像样的，体面的80. route n. 路;路线;航线81. ruin v. 毁坏，破坏 n. 毁灭，[pl. ]废墟82. sake n. 缘故，理由83. satellite n. 卫星84. scale n. 大小，规模;等级;刻度85. temple n. 庙宇86. tedious a. 乏味道，单调的，87. tend vi. 易于，趋向88. tendency n. 趋向，趋势89. ultimate a. 极端的，最大的， n. 极端90. undergo v. 经历，遭受91. abundant a. 丰富的，充裕的，大量的92. adopt v. 收养;采用;采纳专业知识整理分享93. adapt vi. 适应，适合;改编，改写 vt. 使适应94. bachelor n. 学士，学士学位;单身汉95. casual a. 偶然的，碰巧的;临时的;非正式的96. trap n. 陷阱，圈套 v. 设陷阱捕捉97. vacant a. 空的，未占用的98. vacuum n. 真空，真空吸尘器99. oral a. 口头的，口述的，口的100. optics n. (单、复数同形)光学101. organ n. 器官，风琴102. excess n. 过分，过量，过剩103. expel v. 驱逐，开除，赶出104. expend v. 消费105. expenditure n. 支出，消费;经费106. expense n. 开销，费用107. expensive a. 花钱多的;价格高贵的108. expand v. 扩大，扩张;展开，膨胀109. expansion n. 扩大，扩充;发展，膨胀110. private a. 私人的，个人的111. individual a. 个别的，单独的 n. 个人，个体112. personal a. 个人的，私人的;亲自的114. personnel n. [总称] 人员，员工;人事部门115. the Pacific Ocean 太平洋116. the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋117. the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋118. the Antarctic Ocean 南冰洋119. grant vt. 授予，同意，准予119. grand a. 宏伟大，壮丽的，重大的120. invade v. 侵入，侵略，侵袭121. acid n. 酸，酸性物质 a. 酸的;尖刻的122. acknowledge v. 承认;致谢123. balcony n. 阳台124. calculate vt. 计算，核算125. calendar n. 日历，月历126. optimistic a. 乐观127. optional a. 可以任选的，非强制的128. outstanding a. 杰出的，突出的，显著129. export n. 出口(物) v. 出口，输出130. import n. 进口(物) v. 进口，输入131. impose vt. 把. . . 加强(on);采用，利用132. religion n. 宗教，宗教信仰133. religious a. 宗教的134. victim n. 牺牲品，受害者135. video n. 电视，视频 a. 电视的，录像的136. videotape n. 录像磁带 v. 把. . . 录在录像带上137. offend v. 冒犯，触犯138. bother v. 打搅，麻烦139. interfere v. 干涉，干扰，妨碍140. internal a. 内部的，国内的141. beforehand ad. 预先，事先142. racial a. 人种的种族的143. radiation n. 放射物，辐射144. radical a. 根本的;激进的145. range n. 幅度，范围 v. (在某范围内)变动146. wonder n. 惊奇，奇迹 v. 想知道，对. . . 感到疑惑147. isolate vt. 使隔离，使孤立148. issue n. 问题，争论点;发行，(报刊)一期149. hollow a. 空的，中空的，空虚道150. hook n. 钩 vt. 钩住151. adequate a. 适当地;足够152. adhere vi. 粘附，附着;遵守，坚持153. ban vt. 取缔，禁止154. capture vt. 俘虏，捕获155. valid a. 有效的，有根据的;正当的156. valley n. 山谷，峡谷157. consistent a. 坚固定;一致的，始终如一的158. continuous a. 继续的，连续(不断)的159. continual a. 不断地，频繁的160. explode v. 爆炸;爆发;激增161. exploit v. 剥削;利用，开采162. explore v. 勘探163. explosion n. 爆炸;爆发;激增164. explosive a. 爆炸的;极易引起争论的165. remote a. 遥远的，偏僻的166. removal n. 除去，消除167. render vt. 使得，致使167. render 解释比较长，可要仔细体会啊! 168. precaution n. 预防，防备，警惕169. idle a. 懒散的，无所事事的170. identify vt. 认出，鉴定171. identify n. 身份;个性，特性172. poverty n. 贫穷173. resistant a. (to) 抵抗的，抗. . . 的，专业知识整理分享耐. . . 的174. resolve vt. 解决;决定，决意175. barrel n. 桶176. bargain n. 便宜货 vi. 讨价还价177. coarse a. 粗的，粗糙的，粗劣的178. coach n. 教练;长途公共汽车179. code n. 准则，法规，密码180. coil n. 线圈 v. 卷，盘绕181. adult n. 成年人182. advertise v. 为. . . 做广告183. advertisement n. 广告184. agency n. 代理商，经销商185. focus v. (使)聚集 n. 焦点，中心，聚焦186. forbid vt. 不许，禁止187. debate n. /v. 辩论，争论188. debt n. 欠债189. decade n. 十年190. enclose vt. 围住;把. . . 装入信封191. encounter vt. /n. 遭遇，遭到192. globe n. 地球，世界;地球仪193. global a. 全球的;总的194. scan vt. 细看;扫描;浏览195. scandal n. 丑事，丑闻196. significance n. 意义;重要性197. subsequent a. 随后的，后来的198. virtue n. 美德，优点199. virtual a. 实际上的，事实上的200. orient vt. 使适应，(to, toward)使朝向n. 东方201.portion n.一部分202.target n.目标，靶子vt.瞄准203.portable a.手提式的204.decline v.拒绝，谢绝;下降205.illusion n.错觉206.likelihood n.可能，可能性207.stripe n.条纹208.emphasize v t.强调，着重209.emotion n.情感，感情210.emotional a.感情的，情绪(上)的211.awful a.极坏的，威严的，可怕的212.awkward a.笨拙的，棘手的213.clue n.线索，提示214.collision n.碰撞，冲突215.device n.装置，设备216.devise v t.发明，策划，想出217.inevitable a.不可避免的218.naval a.海军的219.navigation n.航行220.necessity n.必需品;必要性221.previous a.先，前，以前的222.provision n.[pl.]给养，口粮;准备，设备，装置223.pursue vt.追逐;追求;从事，进行224.stale a.不新鲜的，陈腐的225.substitute n.代用品vt.代替226.deserve vt.应受，应得，值得227.discrimination n.歧视;辨别力228.professional a.职业的，专门的229.secure a.安全的，可靠的230.security n.安全，保障231.scratch v./n.抓，搔，扒232.talent n.才能，天资;人才233.insurance n.保险，保险费234.insure vt.给...保险，保证，确保235.nevertheless ad.仍然，然而，不过236.neutral a.中立的，中性的237.spot n.地点;斑点vt.认出，发现;玷污238.spray v.喷，(使)溅散239.medium a.中等的，适中的n.媒介物，新闻媒介240.media n.新闻传媒241.auxiliary a.辅助的，备用的242.automatic a.自动的pete vi.竞争，比赛petent a.有能力的，能胜任的petition n.竞争，比赛246.distribute vt.分发247.disturb vt.打搅，妨碍248.infer v.推论，推断249.integrate v.(into,with)(使)成为一体，(使)合并250.moist a.潮湿来源:考试大-英语四级考试251.moisture n.潮湿252.promote v t.促进;提升253.region n.地区;范围;幅度254.register v./n.登记，注册255.stable a.稳定的256.sophisticated a.老于世故的，老练的;很复杂的257.splendid a.极好的，壮丽的，辉煌的258.cancel vt.取消，废除259.variable a.易变的，可变的专业知识整理分享260.prospect n.前景，前途;景象261.prosperity n.兴旺，繁荣262.aspect n.方面;朝向;面貌263.cope vi.(with)(成功地)应付，处理264.core n.果心，核心265.maintain vt.维持，保持;坚持，主张266.mainland n.大陆267.discipline n.纪律;惩罚;学科268.domestic a.本国的，国内的;家用的;家庭的269.constant a.不变的，恒定的n.常数270.cliff n.悬崖，峭壁271.authority n.权威;当局272.audio a.听觉273.attitude n.态度munity n.社区，社会mit vt.犯(错误，罪行等)，干(坏事等) ment n./vt.评论277.distinguish vt.区分，辨别278.distress n.痛苦，悲伤vt.使痛苦279.facility n.[pl.]设备，设施;便利，方便280.faculty n.能力，技能;系，学科，学院;全体教员281.mixture n.混合，混合物282.mood n.心情，情绪;语气283.moral a.道德上的，有道德的284.prominent a.突出的285.substance n.物质;实质286.substantial a.可观的;牢固的;实质的287.prompt vt.促使a.敏捷的，及时的288.vivid a.生动的289.vocabulary n.词汇(量);词汇表290.venture n.风险投资，风险项目v.冒险;取于291.version n.版本，译本;说法292.waist n.腰，腰部293.weld v./n.焊接294.yawn vi.打哈欠295.yield vi.(to)屈服于;让出，放弃n.产量296.zone n.地区，区域297.strategy n.战略，策略298.strategic a.战略(上)的，关键的299.tense a.紧张的v.拉紧n.时态300.tension n.紧张(状态)，张力301.avenue n.林荫道，大街302.available a.现成可用的;可得到的parable a.(with,to)可比较的，类似的parative a.比较的，相对的305.dash vi.猛冲，飞奔306.data n.数据，资料307.dive vi.跳水，潜水308.diverse a.不同的，多种多样的309.entitle vt.给...权利，给...资格310.regulate vt.管理，调节311.release vt./n.释放，排放;解释解脱312.exaggerate v.夸大，夸张313.evil a.邪恶的，坏的314.shrink vi.起皱，收缩;退缩315.subtract v.减(去)316.suburb n.市郊317.subway n.地铁318.survey n./vt.调查，勘测319.wealthy a.富裕的320.adjust v.调整，调节321.attach vt.系，贴;使附属322.profit n.利润，益处;v.有益于，有利于323.profitable a.有利可图的324.slope n.斜坡，斜面325.reinforce vt.增强，加强326.reject vt.拒绝327.fatal a.致命的;重大的328.fate n.命运329.humble a.谦逊的;谦虚的330.illegal a.不合法的，非法的331.award vt.授予，判给n.奖品，奖金332.aware a.意识到333.column n.柱，圆柱;栏，专栏edy n.喜剧335.dumb a.哑的;沉默的336.dump vt.倾卸，倾倒337.deaf a.聋的;不愿听的338.decorate vt.装饰，装璜339.principal a.最重要的n.负责人，校长340.principle n.原则，原理341.prior a.优先的，在前的342.priority n.优先，重点343.prohibit vt.禁止，不准344.remarkable a.值得注意的，异常的，非凡的345.remedy n./vt.补救，医治，治疗346.repetition n.重复，反复347.vain a.徒劳的，无效的专业知识整理分享348.undertakev t.承担，着手做;同意，答应349.unique a.唯一的，独特的350.obstacle n.障碍(物)，妨碍351.odd a.奇特的，古怪的;奇数的352.omit vt.省略353.opponent n.敌手，对手354.opportunity n.机会，时机355.orchestra n.管弦乐队356.semester n.学期;半年357.semiconductor n.半导体358.seminar n.研讨会359.terminal a.末端的，极限的n.终点360.territory n.领土361.approximate a.大概的，大约v.近似362.arbitrary a.随意的，未断的363.architect n.建筑师364.architecture n.建筑学365.biology n.生物学366.geography n.地理(学)367.geology n.地质学368.geometry n.几何(学)369.arithmetic n.算术370.algebra n.代数371.entertainment n.娱乐;招待，款待372.enthusiasm n.热情，热心373.entry n.进入，入口处;参赛的人(或物) 374.environment n.环境375.episode n.插曲，片段376.equation n.方程(式)377.restrain vt.阻止，抑制378.restraint n.抑制，限制379.resume v.(中断后)重新开始380.severe a.严重的381.sexual a.性的382.simplicity n.简单;朴素383.simplify vt.简化384.sorrow n.悲哀，悲痛385.stuff n.原料，材料vt.填进，塞满386.temporary a.暂时的，临时的387.temptation n.诱惑，引诱388.terror n.恐怖389.thrust v.挤，推，插390.treaty n.条约，协定391.arise vi.产生，出现，发生;起身392.arouse vt.引起，激起;唤醒393.burden n.重担，负荷394.bureau n.局，办事处395.marvelous a.奇迹般的，惊人的396.massive a.大的，大量的，大块的397.mature a.成熟的398.maximum a.最高的，最大的399.minimum a.最低的，最小的400.nonsense n.胡说，冒失的行动402. nucleus n. 核403. retail n. /v. /ad. 零售404. retain vt. 保留，保持405. restrict vt. 限制，约束406. sponsor n. 发起者，主办者 vt. 发起，主办，资助407. spur n. /vt. 刺激，激励408. triumph n. 胜利，成功409. tuition n. 学费410. twist vt. 使缠绕;转动;扭歪411. undergraduate n. 大学肄业生412. universal a. 普遍的，通用的;宇宙的413. universe n. 宇宙414. via prep. 经由，经过，通过415. vibrate v. 振动，摇摆416. virus n. 病毒417. voluntary a. 自愿的418. volunteer n. 志愿者 v. 自愿(做) 419. vote v. 选举 n. 选票420. wagon n. 四轮马车，铁路货车421. appoint vt. 任命，委派422. approach v. 靠近，接近 n. 途径，方式423. appropriate a. 适当的424. bunch n. 群，伙;束，串425. bundle n. 捆，包，束 vt. 收集，归拢426. ceremony n. 典礼，仪式427. chaos n. 混乱，紊乱428. discount n. (价格)折扣429. display n. /vt. 陈列，展览430. equivalent a. 相等的 a. 相等物431. erect a. 竖直的 v. 建造，竖立432. fax n. /vt. 传真433. fertile a. 肥沃的;多产的434. fertilizer n. 肥料435. grateful a. 感激的436. gratitude n. 感激437. horror n. 恐怖438. horrible a. 可怕的439. Internet n. 国际互联网，因特网专业知识整理分享440. interpret v. 翻译，解释441. interpretation n. 解释，说明442. jungle n. 丛林，密林443. knot n. 结 vt. 把. . . 打成结444. leak v. 漏，渗出445. lean vi. 倾斜，倚，靠446. leap vi. 跳跃447. modify vt. 修改448. nylon n. 尼龙449. onion n. 洋葱450. powder n. 粉末451. applicable a. 可应用的，适当的452. applicant n. 申请人453. breadth n. 宽度454. conservation n. 保存，保护455. conservative a. 保守的456. parallel n. 平行线;可相比拟的事物457. passion n. 激情，热情458. passive a. 被动的，消极的459. pat v. /n. 轻拍，轻打460. peak n. 山峰，顶点461. phenomenon n. 现象462. reluctant a. 不情愿的，勉强的463. rely vi. (on ,upon)依赖，指望464. relevant a. 有关的，切题的465. reliable a. 可靠的466. relief n. 轻松，宽慰;减轻467. reputation n. 名气，声誉468. rescue vt. /n. 营救469. triangle n. 三角(形)470. sequence n. 连续;顺序471. shallow a. 浅的472. shiver vi/n. 发抖473. shrug v. /n. 耸肩474. signature n. 签名475. sincere a. 诚挚的，真诚的476. utility n. 功用，效用477. utilize vt. 利用478. utter vt. 说出 a. 完全的，彻底的479. variation n. 变化，变动480. vehicle n. 交通工具，车辆481. applause n. 鼓掌，掌声482. appliance n. 器具，器械483. consent n. 准许，同意 vi (to) 准许，同意484. conquer vt. 征服485. defect n. 缺点，缺陷486. delicate a. 易碎的;娇弱的;精美的487. evolve v. 演变488. evolution n. 演变，进化489. frown v. /n. 皱眉490. frustrate vt. 使沮丧491. guarantee vt. /n. 保证492. guilty a. 内疚的;有罪的493. jealous a. 妒忌的494. jeans n. 牛仔裤495. liquor n. 酒，烈性酒496. liter/litre n. 升497. modest a. 谦虚道498. molecule n. 分子499. orbit n. 轨道 v. (绕. . . )作轨道运行500. participate v. (in) 参与，参加501. particle n. 微粒502. particularly ad. 特别，尤其503. respond vi. 回答，答复;反应504. response n. 回答，答复;反应505. sensible a. 明智的506. sensitive a. 敏感到，灵敏的507. tremble vi. 颤抖508. tremendous a. 巨大的;精彩的509. trend n. 趋向，倾向510. trial n. 审讯;试验511. apparent a. 显然的，明白的512. appetite n. 胃口;欲望513. deposit n. 存款，定金 v. 存放，储蓄514. deputy n. 副职，代表515. derive vt. 取得，得到;(from)起源于516. descend v. 下来，下降517. missile n. 导弹518. mission n. 使命;代表团519. mist n. 薄雾520. noticeable a. 显而易见到521. notify vt. 通知，告知522. notion n. 概念;意图，想法523. resemble vt. 像，类似于524. reveal vt. 揭露525. revenue n. 收入，岁入;税收526. shelter n. 掩蔽处;住所527. shield n. 防护物，盾 vt. 保护，防护528. vital a. 重要的;致命的，生命的529. vitally ad. 极度，非常;致命地530. urban a. 城市的专业知识整理分享531. urge vt. 鼓励，激励532. urgent a. 急迫的，紧急得533. usage n. 使用，用法534. violence n. 强力，暴力535. violent a. ****的536. violet a. 紫色的537. weed n. 杂草，野草538. welfare n. 福利539. whatsoever ad. (用于否定句)任何540. whereas conj. 然而，但是，尽管541. essential a. 必不可少的;本质的542. estimate n. /vt. 估计，估量543. evaluate vt. 评估，评价544. exceed vt. 超过，越出545. exceedingly ad. 非常，极其546. exclaim v. 呼喊，大声说547. exclude vt. 把. . . 排斥在外，不包括548. exclusive a. 读有的，排他的549. excursion n. 远足550. flash vi. 闪光，闪耀551. flee vi. 逃走552. flexible a. 易弯曲的553. flock n. 羊群，(鸟兽等)一群;一伙人554. hardware n. 五金器具555. harmony n. 和谐，融洽556. haste n. 急速，急忙557. hatred n. 憎恶，憎恨558. incident n. 事件，事变559. index n. 索引，标志560. infant n. 婴儿561. infect v. 传染562. inferior a. 劣等的，次的，下级的563. infinite a. 无限的564. ingredient n. 组成部分565. inhabitant n. 居民566. jail n. 监狱567. jam n. 果酱;拥挤，堵塞568. jewel n. 宝石569. joint a. 连接的;共同的570. junior a. 年少的;资历较浅的571. laser n. 激光572. launch vt. 发动，发起573. luxury n. 奢侈; 奢侈品574. magnet n. 磁铁，磁体575. male a. 男性的，雄的576. female a. 女性的，雌的577. manual a. 用手的，手工做的 n. 手册578. manufacture vt. /n. 制造，加工579. marine a. 海的;海产的580. mutual a. 相互的581. naked a. 裸露的582. negative a. 否定的，消极的583. neglect vt. 忽视，忽略584. origin n. 起源，出身585. oval a. 椭圆形的 n. 椭圆形586. outset n. 开始，开端587. presumably ad. 大概，可能588. prevail vi. 流行，盛行589. quit v. 停止590. quotation n. 引文，引语591. recreation n. 娱乐活动592. recruit vt. 招募，吸收(新成员)593. rival n. 竞争对手，敌手594. shuttle n. 梭子; 航天飞机595. skim vt. 搬(去)，掠过;浏览596. sketch n. 草图;梗概597. slender a. 苗条的，修长的598. theme n. 主题599. textile n. 纺织品600. tropical a. 热情的，炎热的601. kneel vi. 跪602. label n. 标签603. merchant n. 商人604. mere a. 仅仅的，只不过的;纯粹的605. nuisance n. 令人讨厌的东西(或人) 606. numerous a. 众多的，许多的607. parade n. 游行 v. 列队行进608. pants [pl. ] n. 长裤;内裤609. partial a. 部分的610. passport n. 护照611. prescribe vt. 开药，吩咐采用. . . 疗法612. primitive a. 原始的，早期的613. ridge n. 脊，山脊，埂614. ridiculous a. 可笑的，荒漠的615. redid a. 严格的;僵硬的616. withstand vt. 经受，承受617. witness n. 目击者;证据 vt. 注意到;证明618. withdraw v. 收回，撤销619. slippery a. 滑的620. smash vt. 粉碎，打烂专业知识整理分享621. snap n. /vt. 折断，拉断;快照622. software n. 软件623. solar a. 太阳的624. lunar a. 月的，月球的625. submerge vi. 潜入水中626. submit vi. (to)屈服，听从627. timber n. 木材，原木628. tissue n. 组织;薄纱，手巾纸629. title n. 题目，标题630. tone n. 语气，音调631. drift vi. 漂，漂流632. drip n. 滴633. durable a. 耐用的，持久的634. duration n. 持续，持续期间635. dusk n. 黄昏，薄暮636. leather n. 皮革637. legislation n. 法律，法规;立法638. leisure n. 闲暇;悠闲639. loose a. 松的，宽松的640. loosen v. 解开，放松641. tannest a. 认真的，诚挚的642. earthquake n. 地震643. echo n. 回音，回声644. elaborate a. 精心设计的，复杂的645. elastic n. 橡皮圈(带) a. 有弹性的646. elbow n. 肘647. electron n. 电子648. volcano n. 火山649. volume n. 卷，册;体积，容量650. fatigue n. 疲劳，劳累651. faulty a. 有错误的，有缺点的652. favorable a. 称赞道;有利的，顺利的653. favorite a. 特别受喜欢的 n. 喜爱的人或物654. gallery n. 画廊655. gallon n. 加仑656. gap n. 间隔，差距657. garbage n. 垃圾，废物658. gaze v. 凝视，注视659. gear n. 齿轮，传动装置660. gene n. 基因661. lest conj. 唯恐，免得662. liable a. 可能的，大概的; (to) 易于. . . 663. liberal a. 自由得664. liberty n. 自由665. license/license n. 许可证，执照666. moisture n. 潮湿667. motivate vt. 激励，激发668. motive n. 动机，目的669. generate vt. 生成，产生(光、热、电等) 670. genius n. 天才，天赋671. genuine a. 真的，真诚的672. gasoline n. 汽油673. germ n. 微生物，细菌674. gesture n. 姿势，手势675. giant a. 巨大的 n. 巨人，巨物676. glimpse n. 一瞥，一看677. glory n. 光荣，荣誉678. glorious n. 光荣的，极好的679. golf n. 高尔夫球运动680. hydrogen n. 氢681. oxygen n. 氧682. hostile a. 敌对的，敌意大683. household n. 家庭，户684. hook n. 钩685. holy a. 神圣地，圣洁的686. hint n. 暗示，示意687. hesitate v. 犹豫688. highlight vt. 强调，突出689. hence ad. 因此，所以;今后，从此690. herd n. 兽群，牧群691. deliberately adv. 故意的692. attraction n. 吸引，吸引力693. destructive adj. 破坏性的694. starvation n. 饥饿，饿死695. exhaustion n. 竭力，疲惫696. strike n. 罢工 v. 打击，罢工697. strength n. 力量，力气698. await vt. 等候699. deportation n. 放逐700. closed 关门大学英语四级最常考的100个短语1. at the thought of一想到…2. as a whole (=in general) 就整体而论3. at will 随心所欲4. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于，富有5. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近，进入，了解6. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地，意外. Without accident(=safely) 安全地，专业知识整理分享7. of one’s own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地 ,主动地8. in accord with 与…一致. out of one’s accord with 同…。
2019年12月英语四级大纲词汇带音标：R字母开头
2019年12月英语四级大纲词汇带音标：R字母开头2018年12月大学英语四级大纲词汇带音标Rrabbit/ ‘rbit/ n.兔子，野兔race/ reis/ n.比赛，竞赛，竞争race/ reis/ n.人种，种族，民族racial/ ‘reil/ a.种族的，人种的rack/ rk/ n.搁物架;行李架rack/ rk/ vt.使苦痛，折磨radar/ ‘reid/ n.雷达，无线电探测器radiation/ reidi’ein/ n.放射，发射;辐射能radio/ ‘reidiu/ n.无线电;收音机radioactive/ reidiu’ktiv/ a.放射性的radius/ ‘reidjs/ n.半径rag/ rg/ n.破布，碎布，抹布rail/ reil/ n.横条，横杆;铁轨railroad/ ‘reilrud/ n.铁路 vi.由铁路运输railway/ ‘reilwei/ n.铁路，铁道rain/ rein/ n.雨，雨水 vi.下雨rainbow/ ‘reinbu/ n.虹，彩虹rainy/ ‘reini/ a.下雨的，多雨的raise/ ‘reiz/ vt.举起;引起;提升range/ reind/ n.排，行;山脉;范围rank/ rk/ n.排，横行;社会阶层rapid/ ‘rpid/ a.快的 n.急流rare/ re/ a.稀薄的;稀有的rarely/ ‘reli/ ad.很少，难得rat/ rt/ n.老鼠，耗子rate/ reit/ n.比率;速度;价格rather/ ‘ra：e/ ad.宁可，宁愿;相当ratio/ ‘reiiu/ n.比，比率rational/ ‘rnl/ a.理性的;出于理性的raw/ r：/ a.未煮过的;未加工的ray/ rei/ n.光线，射线，辐射线reach/ ri：t/ vt.抵达;伸出vi.达到react/ ri’kt/ vi.起反应;有影响reaction/ ri’kn/ n.反应;反作用read/ ri：d/ vt.读，看懂 vi.读reader/ ‘ri：d/ n.读者;读物，读本reading/ ‘ri：di/ n.读，阅读;读书ready/ ‘redi/ a.准备好的;愿意的real/ ril/ a.真的;现实的reality/ ri’liti/ n.现实;真实realize/ ‘rilaiz/ vt.实现;理解到really/ ‘rili/ ad.真正地;实在realm/ ‘relm/ n.王国，国土;领域rear/ ri/ n.后部，后面;背面rear/ ri/ vt.抚养，培养;栽种reason/ ‘ri：zn/ n.理由;理性 vi.推理reasonable/ ‘ri：znbl/ a.合情合理的;公道的rebel/ ‘rebl, ri’bel/ vi.造反 n.造反者recall/ ri’k：l/ vt.回想;叫回;收回receipt/ ri’si：t/ n.收到;收条，收据receive/ ri’si：v/ vt.收到;得到;接待r eceiver/ ri’si：v/ n.收受者，收件人recent/ ‘ri：snt/ a.新近的，最近的recently/ ‘ri：sntli/ ad.最近，新近reception/ ri’sepn/ a.接待;招待会;接受recognition/ rekg’nin/ n.认出，识别;承认recognize/ ‘rekgnaiz/ vt.理解，认出;承认recommend/ rek’mend/ vt.推荐，介绍;劝告recommendation/ rekmen’dein/ n.推荐，介绍;劝告record/ ‘rek：d, ri’k：d/ n.记录;履历 vt.记录recorder/ ri’k：d/ n.记录者;录音机recover/ ri’kΛv/ vt.重新获得;挽回recovery/ ri’kΛvri/ n.重获;痊愈，恢复red/ red/ a.红色的 n.红色reduce/ ri’dju：s/ vt.减少，减小;简化reduction/ ri’dΛkn/ n.减少，减小，缩减refer/ ri’f：/ vt.使求助于 vi.谈到reference/ ‘refrns/ n.参考;出处;提及refine/ ri’fain/ vt.&vi.精炼，提纯reflect/ ri’flekt/ vt.反射;反映;思考reflection/ ri’flekn/ n.反射;映象;反映reflexion/ ri’flekn/ n.反射;映象;反映reform/ ri’f：m/ vt.&n.改革，改良refr esh/ ri’fre/ vt.使清新vi.恢复精神refrigerator/ ri’fridreit/ n. 冰箱，冷藏库refusal/ ri’fju：zl/ n.拒绝refuse/ ri’fju：z/ vt.拒绝 vt.拒绝regard/ ri’ga：d/ vt.把…看作;尊敬regarding/ ri’ga：di/ prep.关于regardless/ ri’ga：dlis/ ad.不顾一切地region/ ‘ri：dn/ n.地区，地带;领域register/ ‘redist/ n.&vt.登记，注册regret/ ri’gret/ vt.懊悔;抱歉 n.懊悔regular/ ‘regjul/ a.规则的;整齐的regulate/ ‘regjuleit/ vt.管理，控制;调整regulation/ regju’lein/ n.规则，规章;管理reinforce/ ri：in’f：s/ vt.增援，支援;增强reject/ ri’dekt/ vt.拒绝;丢掉;驳回relate/ ri’leit/ vt.叙述;使联系relation/ ri’lein/ n.关系，联系;家属relationship/ ri’leinip/ n.关系，联系relative/ ‘reltiv/ a.相关系的;相对的relativity/ rel’tiviti/ n.相关性;相对性relax/ ri’lks/ vt.使松弛 vi.松弛release/ ri’li：s/ vt.释放;放松;发表relevant/ ‘relivnt/ a.相关的，贴切的reliability/ rilai’biliti/ n.可靠性reliable/ ri’laibl/ a.可靠的，可信赖的relief/ ri’li：f/ n.减轻;救济;援救relieve/ ri’li：v/ vt.减轻，解除;救济religion/ ri’lidn/ n.宗教;宗教信仰religious/ ri’lids/ a.宗教的;虔诚的reluctant/ ri’lΛktnt/ a.不愿的，勉强的rely/ ri’l ai/ vi.依赖，依靠;信赖remain/ ri’mein/ vi.剩下，余留;保持remark/ ri’ma：k/ vt.&vi.&n.评论，谈论remarkable/ ri’ma：kbl/ a.异常的，非凡的remedy/ ‘remidi/ n.&vt.治疗;补救remember/ ri’memb/ vt.记得，想起;记住remind/ ri’maind/ vt.提醒，使想起remote/ ri’mut/ a.相隔很远的;冷淡的remov al/ ri’mu：vl/ n.移动;迁移;除掉remove/ ri’mu：v/ vt.移动，搬开;脱掉render/ ‘rend/ vt.表示，给予;使得renew/ ri’nju：/ vt.使更新 vi.更新rent/ rent/ n.租金，租 vi.出租repair/ ri’pe/ vt.&n.修理，修补repeat/ ri’pi：t/ vt.重说，重做 n.重复repeatedly/ ri’pi：tidli/ ad.重复地;一再repetition/ repi’tin/ n.重复，反复reply/ ri’plai/ vi.&n.回答，答复report/ ri’p：t/ vt.&vi.报告;汇报reporter/ ri’p：t/ n.记者，通讯员represent/ repri’zent/ vt.描绘;代表;象征representative/ repri’zenttiv/ a.代表性的 n.代表reproduce/ ri：pr’dju：s/ vt.&vi.繁殖，生殖rep ublic/ ri’pΛblik/ n.共和国，共和政体reputation/ repju(：)’tein/ n.名誉，名声;好名声request/ ri’kwest/ n.&v.请求，要求require/ ri’kwai/ vt.需要;要求，命令requirement/ ri’kwaimnt/ n.需要;要求rescue/ ‘reskju：/ vt.&n.援救，营救resemble/ ri’zembl/ vt.像，类似reserve/ ri’z：v/ vt.储备，保留;预定reservior/ / n.水库;蓄水池residence/ ‘rezidns/ n.居住;驻扎;住处resident/ ‘rezidnt/ a.居住的 n.居民resign/ ri’zain/ vt.放弃 vi.辞职resist/ ri’zist/ vt.&vi.抵抗，抵制resistance/ ri’zistns/ n.抵抗;抵制;抵抗力resistant/ ri’zistnt/ a.抵抗的，反抗的resolution/ rez’lju：n/ n.坚决，坚定;决定resolve/ ri’zlv/ vt.解决;决心 n.决心resort/ ri’z：t/ vi.&n.求助，凭借;诉诸于(+ to武力等) respective/ ris’pektiv/ 各自的，各个的respectively/ ris’pektivli/ ad.各自地，分别地respond/ ris’pnd/ vi.作答;响应response/ ris’pns/ n.作答，回答;响应restless/ ‘restlis/ a.不安定的，焦虑的restore/ ris’t：/ vt.恢复;归还;修补restrain/ ris’trein/ vt.抑制，遏制;限制restraint/ ris’treint/ n.抑制;遏制;克制restrict/ ris’trikt/ vt限制，限定，约束resume/ ri’zju：m/ vt.恢复;重新开始retain/ ri’tein/ vt.保持，保留，保有retire/ ri’tai/ vi.退下;引退;就寝retreat/ ri’tri：t/ vi.(被迫)退却，后退reveal/ ri’vi：l/ vt.体现;揭示，揭露reverse/ ri’v：s/ vt.颠倒，翻转 n.背面review/ ri’vju：/ vt.再检查 n.复习revise/ ri’vaiz/ vt.修订，校订;修改revolt/ ri’vult/ vi.&n.反抗，造反revolution/ rev’lu：n/ n.革命;旋转，绕转revolutio nary/ rev’lu：nri/ a.革命的 n.革命者reward/ ri’w：d/ n.报答;报酬 vt.报答rhythm/ ‘riem/ n.韵律，格律;节奏rib/ rib/ n.肋，肋骨ribbon/ ‘ribn/ n.缎带，丝带;带rid/ rid/ vt.使摆脱，使去掉ridge/ rid/ n.脊;岭，山脉;垄ridiculous/ ri’dikjuls/ a.荒谬的，可笑的rifle/ ‘raifl/ n.步枪，来复枪rigid/ ‘ridid/ a.刚硬的;僵硬的ripe/ raip/ a.熟的;时机成熟的risk/ risk/ n.风险，危险，冒险rival/ ‘raivl/ n.竞争者 a.竞争的roar/ r：/ vi.吼叫;呼喊 n.吼roast/ rust/ vt.&vi.烤，炙，烘robot/ ‘rubt/ n.机器人;自动机rocket/ ‘rkit/ n. 火箭，火箭发动机rod/ rd/ n.杆，竿，棒roll/ rul/ vi.&vt.滚动;转动roller/ ‘rul/ n.滚柱，滚筒，滚轴ooman/ ‘rumn/ n.古罗马人 a.罗马的romantic/ ru’mntik/ a.浪漫的;传奇的rotary/ ‘rutri/ a.旋转的，转动的rotate/ ru’teit/ vi.旋转 vt.使旋转rotation/ ru’tein/ n.旋转，转动;循环rotten/ ‘rtn/ a.腐烂的，发臭的rough/ rΛf/ a.表面不平的;粗略的rouse/ rauz/ vt.唤醒，唤起;惊起route/ ru：t/ n.路，路线，路程routine/ ru：’ti：n/ n.例行公事 a.日常的row/ ru/ n.(一)排，(一)行row/ ru/ vt.划(船等) vi.划船royal/ ‘ril/ a.王的;皇家的rug/ rΛg/ n.小地毯;毛毯rural/ ‘rurl/ a.农村的，田园的rush/ rΛ/ vi.冲，奔 vt.催促rust/ rΛst/ n.锈 vi.生锈，氧化2018年12月大学英语四级大纲词汇带音标。
（完整版）2018年12月英语四级真题及答案
（完整版）2018年12⽉英语四级真题及答案2018年12⽉⼤学英语四级真题及答案第⼀部分写作2018年12⽉⼤学英语四级考试写作真题(第1套)2018年12⽉英语四级真题写作范⽂(店铺的挑战)【作⽂⼀参考范⽂】It is well known that due to the booming economy and increasing family income, studying abroad has become an increasingly popular choice for students. Although studying abroad is often praised by people for its advantages, there are still some disadvantages to be noticed.First of all, to study abroad is expensive. Specifically speaking, those involved have to spend a large amount of money on tuition and living expenses, which is not affordable for everyone. In addition, to study abroad is a great challenge for those students who lack the ability of living independently. If they can not take good care of themselves there, their academic performance will be affected to a large extent. Last but not least, to study abroad may exercise a negative influence on students’ mentality. As we all know, to study abroad equals to stay away from family and friends for a long time, which is likely to produce some psychological problems for those students, such as being solitary and gloomy.From what has been mentioned above, we can easily come to the conclusion that the disadvantages of studying abroad can not be neglected. What’s more, those students who are planning to study abroad should make enough preparations for these problems mentioned above. Only in this way, can they have a fruitful and successful study life abroad.【参考译⽂】众所周知，随着经济的蓬勃发展和家庭收⼊的增加，店铺已经成为越来越受学⽣欢迎的选择。
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内容简介《大学英语四级核心词汇全突破》旨在帮助考生扩大词汇量，提高考生的英语水平，以轻松应对大学英语四级考试。
本书严格按照教育部最新《大学英语课程教学要求》，对四级大纲词汇进行了深入地分析和研究后，将四级词汇按其难易程度分为三个部分，按其难易程度分类，每个字母的词汇都分为基础词汇、核心词汇和领会式掌握词汇三部分，并对单词进行全面细致的讲解。
基础词汇为中学词汇，比较简单，考生可以进行查漏补缺，对这部分内容进行快速浏览，将不认识的单词勾出，进行专门记忆即可；核心词汇收录的是四级考试中的重点词汇，考生应能正确拼写单词并掌握其基本词义和用法，能够在认知的基础上学会熟练运用；领会掌握式词汇一般是不常见、用法较简单或拼写较难的词汇，考生只需掌握其意思即可。
书中三个部分的单词中，考生可以根据自己的英语基础有选择、有重点地记忆。
《大学英语四级核心词汇全突破》分上中下三册，三册书约900个单词配有视频讲解。
本书为下册，每个词后除了释义，还给出了相应的例子、常用的搭配、词组、助记方法等，部分单词配有高清视频讲解。
书中“例句” 选材广泛，内容时代感强，很多句子既可以作为翻译的练习材料，又可以作为写作素材的积累。
“搭配”主要为固定搭配和语境常用搭配，侧重单词的运用，对于写作水平的提高同样大有裨益。
“助记”从单词的词根入手，联系单词的形、音，巧妙地给出了记忆方法，让单词学习生动有趣。
另有视频讲解，通过名师点拨，记忆效率显著提高。
目录Q (4)基础词汇 (4)核心词汇 (5)领会式掌握词汇 (7)R (8)基础词汇 (8)核心词汇 (22)领会式掌握词汇 (43)S (49)基础词汇 (49)核心词汇 (94)领会式掌握词汇 (136)T (148)基础词汇 (148)核心词汇 (167)领会式掌握词汇 (181)U (187)基础词汇 (187)核心词汇 (189)领会式掌握词汇 (195)V (198)基础词汇 (198)核心词汇 (201)领会式掌握词汇 (207)W (210)基础词汇 (210)核心词汇 (224)领会式掌握词汇 (233)X—Z (235)基础词汇 (235)核心词汇 (236)领会式掌握词汇 (237)附录1大学英语常用词组 (238)附录2大学英语四级词汇常用前缀、后缀 (263)附录3常见缩写词、洲名、部分国家地区名 (272)Q基础词汇quarrel ['kworel]v/.吵架，争论；挑剔故吵架，反目；怨言；争吵的原因；方头凿【例句】We had a quarrel about money.我们就钱的问题争吵起来。
【词组】quarrel with抱怨；不同意；拒绝接受；跟…吵架quarrel about争论；为…争吵quarter ['kwo:te]w.四分之一；地区，区域；季，季度；一刻钟；（p/.)方向；（p/.)住处v/.住宿；驻扎W.将…四等分；供某人住宿【例句】He was waiting for a quarter of an hour.他等了一刻钟了。
【词组】the French Quarter法国人特区at close quarters彼此非常接近first quarter第一个季度；上弦月；上弦from every quarter从各处…，从四面八方…queen [kwi:n] 王后，女王，皇后W.使…成为女王或王后v/_.做女王question ['kwestjen] 问题，议题；询问v.怀疑；询问queue [kju:] 行列，队伍v.排队【例句】There’s a long queue of people waiting for new houses.很多人等待着买新房屋。
【词组】queue up排队等候【助记】把queue看成eueue:推着小车排队的人们。
quick [kwik]__.快的，迅速的；敏捷的，伶俐的；性急的快，迅速地【例句】What you need to do is just to give your suit a quick brush.你只需要把你的西装很快地刷一刷就行了。
【词组】to the quick触及要害；触及痛处quick fix权宜之计quiet ['kwaiet] a办安静的，平静的沒安静，安宁v.(使）安静，平定quite [kwait] a*.十分，完全；相当，颇；的确，真正【例句】I’m quite positive about it.我真的很肯定这件事。
quiz [kwiz]w.考查，测验；查问；答问比赛v.对…测验；查问，盘问【例句】The teacher gave us a weekly quiz in English.老师每周对我们的英语进行一次测验。
核心词汇quake [kweik] & v.地震；震动【例句】The ground quaked under his feet.大地在他的脚下震动。
【搭配】quake with fear/cold因恐惧[寒冷]而颤抖qualification[.kwolifi'keijen]资格，合格；限定，条件；合格证【例句】What qualifications have you got for this job?申请这个工作，你所具有的条件是什么？【词组】without qualification无条件地【助记】来自qualify( v.使具有资格）qualify f kwolifai] v.(使)具有资格，证明合格；限制，限定；修饰【例句】Do you qualify for the vote?你有投票资格吗？【词组】qualify one’s anger息怒【助记】qual(属于种类)+ify(使…化)一任何种类的商品都有质量好坏之分【派生】qualified^攻.合格的；有资格的qualification资格；条件；限制；赋予资格quality['kwoliti] 质量；品质；性质，特性【例句】Itwas quality time.这是一段极其美妙的时光。
【词组】advise sb. in (the) quality of afriend以朋友的身分劝告某人quantity[’kwontiti]w.量，数量；大量【例句】Mathematics is the science of pure quantity.数学是纯粹研究数量的科学。
【词组】in quantity大量quest[kwest] v.炎w.探索；调查，寻求【例句】He devoted his whole life to the quest for knowledge.他毕生都在寻求知识。
【词组】in quest of为了寻求，为了探索【助记】谐音：“快死她”一她死前寻求别人的原谅quit[kwit] W.离开；放弃；停止；使…解除v/.离开；辞职；停止w.离开说//摆脱了…的；己经了结的【例句】You and I are on the point of quitting the theater of our exploits.我和你正在退出我们业绩辉煌的舞台。
【词组】quit hold of撒手放开be quit of sb.摆脱了某人【派生】quittance w.收据；免除，赦免；报酬，补偿quiver[’kwive] w.颤抖；箭袋；震动V/.颤抖；振动W.使…颤动；抖动【例句】The bridge quivered as the truck crossed it.这座桥在卡车通过时有点颤动。
【词组】quiver with战栗；颤动【助记】河流(river)去(qu)抖动(quiver)quotation [kweu'teijen] 引语，引文，语录；报价，牌价；行市，行情【例句】Direct quotations from otherpaintings are fairly sparse.直接借用别人的幽作是相当少见的。
【搭配】quotation sheet 报价单；报价量price quotation报价；价格报价法；价目领会式掌握词汇quote [kweut] V.引用，援引；报价引用【例句】He quotes the Bible.他引用《圣经》的话。
【词组】quote from引用自【助记】音：括它，括号，引用时用括号括起来【派生】quotation w.弓丨用语；弓丨证R基础词汇rabbit ['ra bit]w.兔子；兔皮，兔肉v/.猎兔W.该死，让…见鬼去吧【例句】They will go rabbiting tomorrow.他们明天去打兔子。
radio ['reidieu] 收音机；无线电报，无线电话v.无线电通讯rag [rag] 破布，碎布；（低劣的）报纸【例句】Her remarks were like a red rag to a bull: he was furious with her.她的话惹得他对她暴跳如雷。
【词组】in rags穿着破衣，衣衫褴褛rail [reil] w.栏杆，扶手；（^.)铁路，铁轨v/_.责骂，抱怨【例句】She did not rail at her husband.她没有责备丈夫。
【词组】by rail由铁路，乘火车on therails正常进行；在正常轨道上railroad (同 railway) ['reilreud] w.铁路v.由铁道运输；在…铺设铁路；强迫【例句】Railroad trains and buses are public conveyances.火车和公共汽车是公共交通工具。
railway ['reilwei ]w.铁道，铁路rain [rein] w.雨v.下雨；如雨般落下rainbow ['reinbeu]w.虹；五彩缤纷的排列；幻想^办五彩缤纷的；彩虹状的v.使呈彩虹状；如彩虹般装饰【例句】The rainbow arches the heavens.彩虹横跨在天际。
raincoat ['reinkeut] w.雨衣rainy ['reini] a办下雨的；多雨的raise [reiz] v.举起，提升；抚养，词养；建立，树立；提出，发出；筹集，募集【例句】He raised his arms above his head.他把手臂举过头顶。
【词组】raise oneself长高，发迹raise up举起，抬起rank [r%k]w.军衔；社会阶层；排列，横列v.排列；分等级，把…分类【例句】This town ranks high among beauty spots.这城市在风景区中享有盛名。