病理生理学名词中英文对照

病理生理学名词中英文对照病理生理学pathophysiology脑死亡brain death水电解质代谢紊乱脱水dehydration低渗性脱水hypotonic dehydration 高渗性脱水hypertonic dehydration 等渗性脱水isotonic dehydration 水中毒water intoxication 水肿edema全身性水肿anasarca酸碱平衡紊乱挥发酸volatile acid固定酸fixed acid标准碳酸氢盐standard bicarbonate,SB 实际碳酸氢盐actual bicarbonate,AB 缓冲碱buffer base，BB碱剩余base excess,BE临终关怀hospice care 滤过分数filtration fraction潴留retention低钾血症hypokalemia反常性酸性尿paradoxical acidic urine 高钾血症hyperkalemia反常性碱性尿paradoxical alkaline urine阴离子间隙anion gap，AG 代谢性酸中毒metabolic acidosis 乳酸酸中毒lactic acidosis 酮症酸中毒keto-acidosis 呼吸性酸中毒respiratory acidosis慢性阻塞性肺病chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，COPD肺性脑病pulmonary encephalopathy 代谢性碱中毒metabolic alkalosis盐水反应性碱中毒saline-responsive alkalosis盐水抵抗性碱中毒saline-resistant alkalosis 双重性酸碱失衡double acid-base disorders 呼吸性碱中毒respiratory alkalosis缺氧缺氧hypoxia血氧分压partial pressure of oxygen，PO2 血氧容量oxygen binding capacity，CO2max 血氧含量oxygen content，CO2 低张性缺氧hypotonic hypoxia 乏养性缺氧hypoxic hypoxia 发绀cyanosis 血液型缺氧hemic hypoxia 等张性缺氧isotonic hypoxia 周期性呼吸periodic breat 发热发热fever 视前区下丘脑前部内毒素endotoxin，ET 致热原pyrogen 中杏仁核medial amygdaloid nucleus 碳氧血红蛋白carboxyhemoglobin，HbCO 高铁血红蛋白methemoglobin，HbFe3+OH 肠源性发绀enterogenous cyanosis 循环性缺氧circulatory hypoxia 低动力性缺氧hypokinetic hypoxia 缺血性缺氧ischemic hypoxia 组织性缺氧histogenous hypoxia 氧利用障碍性缺氧dysoxidative hypoxia 高原肺水肿high altitude pulmonary edema过热hyperthermiafastigiumpreoptic anterior hypothalamus，POAH稽留期腹中隔ventral septal area，VSA 前列腺素prostaglandin，PG 热限febrile ceiling应激stress良性应激eustress 劣性应激distress交感-肾上腺髓质系统sympathetic-adrenal medulla system去甲肾上腺素norepinephrine，NE 应激性溃疡stress ulcer肠易激综合征irritable bowel syndrome，糖皮质激素glucocorticoid ，GC 蓝斑locus ceruleus 边缘系统limbic system室旁核paraventricular nucleus 抗利尿激素antidiuretic hormone，ADH 急性期反应蛋白acute phase protein，AP下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质系统hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal cortex system，HPA缺血-再灌注损伤缺血-再灌注损伤ischemia-reperfusion injury，IRI缺血后适应postconditioning 氧自由基oxygen free radical 黄嘌呤氧化酶xanthine oxidase，XO 黄嘌呤脱氢酶xanthine dehydrogenas，e XD 呼吸爆发respiratory burst 氧爆发oxygen burst脂质过氧化lipid peroxidation钙超载calcium overload 心肌顿抑myocardial stunning 再灌注心律失常reperfusion arrhythmia 胀亡oncosis 休克休克shock虚脱collapse脓毒性休克septic shock微循环衰竭期microcirculatory failure phase应激无复流现象no-reflow phenomenon 过敏性休克anaphylactic shock 脓毒症sepsis 低血容量性休克hypovolemic shock 血管源性休克vasogenic shock 微循环microcirculation 一氧化氮nitric oxide ，NO 休克代偿期ischemic anoxia phase 休克失代偿期decompensatory stage 淤血性缺氧期stagnant anoxia phase 白细胞滚动rolling全身炎症反应综合征systemic inflammatory response syndrom，e SIRS 急性呼吸窘迫综合征acute respiratory 休克肺shock lung distress syndrome，ARDS 多器官功能障碍综合征mutilple organ dysfunction syndrome，MODS抗凝血平衡紊乱纤溶酶原激活物plasminogen activator，PA 弥漫性血管内凝血disseminated intravascular coagulatio，n DIC 裂体细胞schistocyte微血管病性溶血性贫血microangiopathic hemolytic anemia心功能不全心功能不全 cardiac insufficiency 心力衰竭 heart failure 前负荷 preload 容量负荷 volume load 后负荷 afterload 压力负荷 pressure load呼吸困难 dyspnea 劳力性呼吸困难dyspnea on exertion 向心性肥大 concentric hypertrophy 心性哮喘 cardiac asthma夜间阵发性呼吸困难 paroxysmalnocturnal dyspnea 端坐呼吸 orthopnea肺功能不全呼吸衰竭 respiratory failure低氧血症型呼吸衰竭 hypoxemic respiratory failure 伴有高碳酸血症性低氧血症呼吸衰竭 hypercapnic respiratory failure 限制性通气不足 restrictive hypoventilation 吸气性呼吸困难 inspiratory dyspnea 阻塞性通气不足 obstructive hypoventilation 呼气性呼吸困难 expiratory dyspnea低输出量性心力衰竭 low output heart failure 高输出量性心力衰竭 high output heart failure 心室重塑 ventricular remodeling 离心性肥大eccentric hypertrophy 颈静脉充盈engorgement of neck vein 肺水肿 pulmonary edema弥散障碍diffusion impairment 通气与血流比例失调ventilation-perfusion imbalance 功能性分流functional shunt 解剖分流anatomic shunt 静脉血掺杂venous admixture真性分流true shunt死腔样通气dead space like ventilation 急性呼吸窘迫综合症acute respiratory distress syndrom，e ARDS 慢性阻塞性肺病chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，COPD CO2 麻醉carbon dioxide narcosis 肺性脑病pulmonary encephalopathy 肝功能不全肝功能不全hepatic insufficiency 肝昏迷hepatic coma肝功能衰竭hepatic failure 扑翼样震颤asterixis肝性脑病hepatic encephalopathy，HE氨中毒学说ammonia intoxication hypothesis 假性神经递质学说false neurotransmitter hypothesis 苯乙醇胺phenylethanolamine 羟苯乙醇胺octpamine 氨基酸失衡学说amino acid imbalance hypothesis芳香族氨基酸aromatic amino acid，AAA GABA 学说GABA hypothesis支链氨基酸branched chain amino，BCAA 肝肾综合症hepatorenal syndrome，HRS肾功能不全肾功能不全renal insufficiency 肾功能衰竭renal failure急性肾功能衰竭acute renal failure，ARF 功能性肾功能衰竭functional renalfailure慢性肾功能不全chronic renal failure，CRF 肾前性氮质血症prerenal azotemia尿毒症uremia 肾性急性肾功能衰竭intrarenal failure 肾前性急性肾功能衰竭prerenal failure器质性肾功能衰竭parenchymal renal failure 肾小管细胞和间质细胞损伤学说tubular and interstitial cells lesion hypothesis 急性肾小管坏死acute tubular necrosis，ATN 肾后性急性肾功能衰竭postrenal failure 多尿polyuria肾后性氮质血症postrenal azotemia 氮质血症azotemia少尿oliguria健存肾单位假说intant nephron hypothesis无尿anuria 矫枉失衡学说trade-off hypothesis肾小球过度滤过假说glomerular hyperfiltration hypothesis夜尿nocturia 高磷血症hyperphosphatemia等渗尿isothenuria 高钾血症hyperkalemia低渗尿hyposthenuria 肾性骨营养不良renal osteodystrophy血浆氮质尿blood urea nitrogen，BUN 肾性高血压renal hypertension钠依赖性高血压sodium-dependent hypertension 肾素依赖性高血压renin-dependent hypertension 肾性贫血renal anemia终末期肾功能衰竭end-stage renal failure，ESRF 尿毒症性脑病uremic encephalopathy 尿素霜urea cream。