Chapter 4 Chapter4 英汉对比与翻译(二)

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汉英比较与翻译chapter 4

汉英比较与翻译chapter 4
如果说她早已失掉了那蔚蓝色眼睛的、花儿般的魅力, 也失掉了她脸儿和身段的那种玉洁冰清、苗条多姿的 气质和那苹果花似的颜色——二十六年前这种花容月 貌曾那样迅速而奇妙地影响过艾舍斯特——那么在四 十三岁的今天,她依旧是个好看而忠实的伴侣,不过 两颊淡淡地有点儿斑驳,而灰蓝色的眼睛也有了岁月 的沉淀。
17
English: right-extending heavy-tailed like a peacock
This is the cat. This is the cat that killed the rat. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the malt(麦芽). This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the malt that lay in the house. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the malt that lay in the house that was built by Jack. …
英语国家沿袭了古代希腊人非常严格和规 范的语词系统。古代希腊人认为,语词系统 与思维系统是相一致的,要表达一个清晰合 理的思想就离不开清晰合理的词形和句法。 而在一个毫无条理的陈述结构中,思想肯定 也是杂乱无章的,而杂乱无章的思想是没有 意义的。英语形合的特征正是在这样一种 背景之下形成的。
与之相反,中国人重直觉,强调意念流, 只要能够达意,词的形式是无关紧要的, 词语之间的关系常在不言中,语法意义 和逻辑关系常隐藏在字里行间。正所 谓‚子曰:辞,达而已矣‛(《论语.卫灵 公》)。(The master said, in official speeches, all that matters is to get one’s meaning through.)

(完整版)Unit4CulturalEncounters课文翻译综合教程二

(完整版)Unit4CulturalEncounters课文翻译综合教程二

(完整版)Unit4CulturalEncounters课文翻译综合教程二Unit 4 Cultural EncountersSusan BassnettWe live in an age of easy access to the rest of the world. Cheap flights mean that millions of people are able to visit places their parents could only dream about, while the Internet enables us to communicate with the remotest places and the traditional postal services are now referred to almost mockingly as "snail mail." When students go off back-packing, they can email their parents from Internet cafes in the Himalayas or from a desert oasis. And as for mobile phones — the clicking of text messaging at any hour of the day or night has become familiar to us all. Everyone, it seems, provided, of course, they can afford to do so, need never be out of touch.Significantly also, this great global communications revolution is also linked to the expansion of English, which has now become the leading international language. Conferences and business meetings around the globe are held in English, regardless of whether anyone present is a native English speaker. English has simply become the language that facilitates communication, and for many people learning English is an essential stepping stone on the road to success.So why, you may wonder, would anyone have misgivings about all these wonderful developments, and why does the rise of English as a global language cause feelings of uneasiness for some of us? For there are indeed problems with the communications revolution, problems that are not only economic. Most fundamental is the profound relationship between language and culture that lies at the heart of societyand one that we overlook at our peril.Different cultures are not simply groups of people who label the world differently; languages give us the means to shape our views of the world and languages are different from one another. We express what we see and feel through language, and because languages are so clearly culture-related, often we find that what we can say in one language cannot be expressed at all in another. The English word "homesickness" translates into Italian as "nostalgia," but English has had to borrow that same word to describe a different state of mind, something that is not quite homesickness and involves a kind of longing. Homesickness and nostalgia put together are almost, but not quite, the Portuguese "saudade," an untranslatable word that describes a state of mind that is not despair, angst (English borrowed that from German), sadness or regret, but hovers somewhere in and around all those words.The early Bible translators hit the problem of untranslatability head-on. How do you translate the image of the Lamb of God for a culture in which sheep do not exist? What exactly was the fruit that Eve picked in the Garden of Eden? What was the creature that swallowed Jonah, given that whales are not given to swimming in warm, southern seas? Faced with unsurmountable linguistic problems, translators negotiated the boundaries between languages and came up with a compromise.Compromising is something that speakers of more than one language understand. When there are no words in another language for what you want to say, you make adjustments and try to approximate. English and Welsh speakers make adjustments regarding the colour spectrum in the grey / green / blue / brown range, since English has four words and Welsh hasthree. And even where words do exist, compromises still need to be made. The word "democracy" means completely different things in different contexts, and even a word like "bread" which refers to a staple food item made of flour means totally different things to different people. The flat breads of Central Asia are a long way away from Mother's Pride white sliced toasties, yet the word "bread" has to serve for both.Inevitably, the spread of English means that millions of people are adding another language to their own and are learning how to negotiate cultural and linguistic differences. This is an essential skill in today's hybrid world, particularly now when the need for international understanding has rarely been so important. But even as more people become multilingual, so native English speakers are losing out, for they are becoming ever more monolingual, and hence increasingly unaware of the differences between cultures that languages reveal. Communicating in another language involves not only linguistic skills, but the ability to think differently, to enter into another culture's mentality and shape language accordingly. Millions of people are discovering how to bridge cultures, while the English-speaking world becomes ever more complacent and cuts down on foreign language learning programmes in the mistaken belief that it is enough to know English.World peace in the future depends on intercultural understanding. Those best placed to help that process may not be the ones with the latest technology and state of the art mobile phones, but those with the skills to understand what lies in, under and beyond the words spoken in many different languages.文化冲突我们生活在一个交流非常便捷的时代。

chapter four-商务英语英汉翻译教程PPT精品文档53页

chapter four-商务英语英汉翻译教程PPT精品文档53页

CISISU-Business English for the
8
Seniors
Part 1. Relationship between the meaning of English and Chinese words
3. no correspondence 词义缺乏对应
Plumber
形成于“五角大楼文件”泄密事件后白宫设 立的专门特工机构。Plumber原意“铅管 工”,用以指特工,系借用“铅管工”堵漏、 防漏之含义)美国调查政府雇员泄密事件的 特工(《参考消息》将此词翻译为“管子 工”)
Chapter Four A Comparison study between English
and Chinese words and its translation
第四章 英汉词语对比与翻译
By Lily Chang
CISISU-Business English for the
1
Seniors
Targets of Chapter Four
CISISU-Business English for the
3
Seniors
Part 1. Relationship between the meaning of English and Chinese words
Differences: Chinese-相比英文,汉语词义严谨固定,
词的含义范围较窄,词义上下的依赖性比较 小。
译文:为应对目前的“非洲之角”饥荒,中国政府 决定通过联合国双边渠道向有关国家提供价值 4.432亿元人民币的紧急粮食援助。
CISISU-Business English for the
5

大学英语精读二册4课(中英对照)

大学英语精读二册4课(中英对照)

大学英语精读二册4课(中英对照)UNIT 4. My First JobTrying to make some money before entering university, the author applies for a teaching job. But the interview面试goes from bad to worse...为了想在进大学前赚些钱,作者申请了一份教职。

但面试情况却越来越糟……My First Job我的第一份工作While I was waiting to enter university, I saw advertised in a local newspaper地方报纸a teaching post教学职位at a school in a suburb郊区of London about ten miles from where I lived. Being very short money and wanting to do something useful, I applied 申请, fearing as I did so, that without a degree and with no experience in teaching my chances of getting the job were slim 微薄.在我等着进大学期间,我在一份地方报纸上看到一则广告,说是在离我住处大约十英里的伦敦某郊区,有所学校要招聘一名教师。

我因为手头很拮据,同时也想做点有用的事,于是便提出了申请,但在提出申请的同时我也担心,自己一无学位,二无教学经验,得到这份工作的可能性是微乎其微的。

However, three days later a letter arrived, asking me to go to Croydon for an interview. It proved an awkward 尴尬的journey: a train to Croydon station; a ten-minute bus ride and then a walk of at least a quarter .As a result I arrived on a hot June morning too depressed沮丧的to feel nervous. too...to...表示太……而不能……然而,三天之后,却来了一封信,叫我到克罗伊登去面试。

英汉对比与翻译(全)

英汉对比与翻译(全)

Examples of Negative Transfer
5、他建议我接受这个报价。 He suggested me to accept this offer . He suggested that I (should) accept this offer . He suggested my (me) accepting this offer .
英 汉 对 比 与 翻 译
English-Chinese Contrast and Translation
英 汉 对 比 与 翻 译
Three Parts
1. Language transfer 2. Linguistic contrast 欢迎光临 3. Contrast and translation
Causes: • analogical use of one‟s prior knowledge of the mother tongue 母语先知结构的类推运用 • scanty knowledge of differences between the two languages 对两种语言的差异所知甚少 • unconscious falling back on the mother tongue speech habit 不自觉地回归母语的言语习惯
Keen awareness of the similarities and differences between the two languages can facilitate FL learning. 对两种语言相似与相异点的敏锐意识能促进外语学习。
Negative Transfer (负迁移): Interference (干扰)
Please translate the following:

chapter four-商务英语英汉翻译教程

chapter four-商务英语英汉翻译教程
CISISU-Business English for the Seniors 3
Part 1. Relationship between the meaning of English and Chinese words
Differences: Chinese-相比英文,汉语词义严谨固定, 词的含义范围较窄,词义上下的依赖性比较 小。 English-英文词义灵活多变,词的含义范围 比较窄,词义上下的依赖性较大,英语一词 多义的现象较汉语多。
CISISU-Business English for the Seniors 16
Part 3. Characteristic meaning in Business Discourse
CISISU-Business English for the Seniors 12
Part 2. Cultural meaning of words
2.英汉语中都有但文化内涵不同的词 1)There are only five minutes left, I need to go to the rest room. 译文:只剩五分钟了,我需要去下卫生间。 2)To reduce loss and increase overall profits, the CEO told his product managers to get rid of all the dogs. 译文:为了减少亏损,全面增加利润,公司的首席 执行官告诉产品部经理们要销毁所有的次品。
CISISU-Business English for the Seniors 15
Part 3. Characteristic meaning in Business Discourse

新标准大学英语四unit4课文翻译

新标准大学英语四unit4课文翻译

信用卡陷阱有一件事我得坦白。

几年前,我排队为家人取戏票时,我的朋友也在为她的家人取票。

我拿到了票,用信用卡付了账,对这种非现金交易的便利感到很满意。

然后就轮到她付款了,整个交易也进行得同样顺利,但我的高兴劲儿很快就变成了莫大的羞耻:我的信用卡太寒酸了,是不显示身份地位的深蓝色卡,而她的信用卡则是高级的金卡。

她是怎样弄到金卡的?怎么会这样呢?我知道我挣得比她多,我的车比她的车新,我的家比她的家漂亮,她怎么看起来显得比我光鲜呢?我有一份跟那时候任何工作相比还算安定的工作——虽然不是非常安定,不过我也没什么可抱怨的。

我是通过按揭贷款买的房子,可那会儿谁买房不贷款呢?我每个月底都付清信用卡欠款。

所以,虽然从技术上讲,我欠过信用卡公司的钱,但只是欠几个星期而已。

所以我认为我的信用等级应该很高。

你可以说我肤浅,而我也并不感到自豪。

但就在当时当地,我突然非常嫉妒那位朋友,我决定不要蓝色信用卡了,我要一张金卡。

金卡突然变得不可或缺,它会让我自我感觉良好,会让别人觉得我更有魅力。

于是,我去信用卡公司申请最特别、最耀眼的金卡。

可是,我的申请被拒绝了。

过了几秒钟,我才从这个打击中回过神来,我问自己为什么被拒绝。

显然,因为我每次都按时全额付清信用卡欠款,所以我不是他们想要的那种金卡客户。

他们的目标客户是那些随时有购物刷卡的冲动、有潜在信用风险、经不住诱惑超支消费、并且经常延期还款的人。

这样他们才有机会收取更多的利息,挣更多的钱,这就是他们的经营之道。

这能够解释为什么信用卡公司会用超低利率诱惑像我们家孩子那样的穷大学生吗?三个星期前,我的二女儿回家过周末。

她在读大一第二学期。

和她的大多数朋友一样,她借了3,000英镑的学生贷款,并从她可怜的妈妈(哈!)那里得到一笔小小的生活费,用于支付交通费、书费及其他生活费用。

她穿的衣服是从当地的慈善商店买来的,并且她平时也很少出门。

她拥抱了我(她以前从不拥抱我),然后说:“妈妈,我有事要跟您商量。

英汉翻译第4章(英汉对比)

英汉翻译第4章(英汉对比)

英汉翻译第4章(英汉对比)英语翻译教程English-Chinese Translation (英汉翻译)Linda英语翻译教程第四章词语的翻译英汉两种语言分属语系和语系,两者之间存在着很大的差异。

这种差异首先反映在词汇上。

与翻译关系比较密切的因素主要包括词义、词形,和词的音律和节奏等。

英语翻译教程As you know, our native language Chinese is quite different from English. There is really a big gap between the characteristics of the two languages. In order to learn the translation course better, we have to study the comparison between the source language and the target language. Just because all the theories, methods, techniques concerning EnglishChinese translation are based on the comparison, it is very important to master the languages’ peculiarities.英语翻译教程第一节英汉词义英汉词汇之间本身有着很大的差别,这种差别首先表现在词义上。

英国语言学家杰弗里 . 利奇在他的Semantics ( 语义学) 中把最广义的意义划分为7 种不同的类型:外延意义(概念意义)( denotative meaning )、内涵意义( connotative meaning )、风格意义( stylistic meaning )、情感意义( affective meaning )、联想意义( reflective meaning ) 搭配意义( collocative meaning )、主题意义( thematic meaning )。

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Chapter 4 A Comparative Study of English and Chinese (Part II) Teaching aims: to learn about the linguistic differences of Chinese and English so as to translate them accurately.Main Language points:Comparative studies of syntactic structure in Chinese and EnglishDifficult teaching points: hypotactic & paratactic; subject-prominent & topic prominent; static & dynamic.Teaching references:1. 方梦之. 翻译新论与实践[M]. 青岛出版社,20022. 孙致礼. 新编英汉翻译教程[M]. 上外教出版社;彭长江. 英汉-汉英翻译教程[M]. 湖南师大出版社;3. 陈宏薇,新编汉英翻译教程[M].上海外语教育出版社,2004Teaching methods: Analysis and Practice1. Hypotactic vs. Paratactic (形合与意合)As E. A. Nida points out in his “Translating Meaning”, …so fa r as English and Chinese are concerned, the most important difference linguistically is the contrast between hypotaxis and parataxis.Hypotaxis: The dependent or subordinate construction or relationship of clauses arranged with connectives;Parataxis: The arranging of clauses one after the other without connectives showing the relation between them;Examples:1. That is our policy and that is our declaration.—— W. Churchill这就是我们的国策。

这就是我们的宣言。

2. First, we make clear what is doing the travelling —— a car, a bus, a plane or whatever it may be.首先,我们要搞清旅行工具,例如小汽车、公共汽车、飞机或别的可用工具。

3.发展体育运动,增强人民体质。

Promote physical culture and build up people’s health.4.东海缺少白玉床,龙王请来金陵王。

If the Dra gon King wants a white jade bed, he applies to the Wangs of Jinling, it’s said.2. Complex vs. Simplex (简约与繁复)The English complex sentences are often like chains with clauses linking clauses. On the other hand, the Chinese sentences or clauses tend to be short and simple in structure. They are flowing and simplex, with one clause following the other rather in a line.Illustrative examples:1. The moon is so far from the earth that even if huge trees were growing on the mountains and elephants were walking about, we could not see them through the most powerful telescopes which have yet been invented.月球离地球非常遥远,即使那边山上长着大树,有大象在移动,我们用当今发明的最高倍率的望远镜,也不能看见它们。

2. As we lived near the road, we often had the traveler or stranger visit us to taste our gooseberry wine, for which we had great reputation, and I confess, with the veracity of an historian, that I never knew one of them to find fault with it.我们就住在路边,过路人或外乡人常到我们这里,尝尝我们家酿的醋栗酒。

这种酒很有名气。

我敢说,尝过的人,从没有挑剔过。

我这话像历史学家的话一样靠得住。

3. 文章做到极处,无有他奇,只有恰好;人品做到极处,无有他异,只有本然。

——洪应明:菜根谭When a piece of writing reaches the acme of perfection it is not because it contains some miraculous ingredient, but because it is written in exactly the right way. When a man refines his moral character to the point of perfection he does so not with the aid of any magic formula but by letting his pure inborn mature shine forth.3. End-weight vs. Top-heavy (正三角与倒三角)In an English sentence, the shorter elements usually go before longer ones in arrangement order, thus the weight of the sentence is put at the end, and the whole sentence looks like a pyramid. The arrangement of a Chinese sentence seems quite the opposite, where the important elements are often said at the beginning of a sentence. So it looks like an inverted pyramid or triangle. Illustrative examples:1. Gone are the days when we Chinese people depended on foreign steel.中国人民靠洋钢的日子已一去不复返了。

2. Before them lay miles of miles of beautiful plain with lots of wild animals among the grass.美丽的草原,茵茵的绿草,野生动物成群结队,绵延数英里,展现在眼前。

3. 普通人在办公处和家庭中使用电子计算机的时代已经到来。

The time has come when ordinary people can use electronic computers both in the office and at home.4. 学科技、学英语,对社会主义现代化建设很重要。

It is important to study English as well as science and technology for our socialistmodernization drive.4. Subject-prominent vs. Topic-prominent(主语突出与主题突出)In an English sentence, prominence is usually given to the subject. There are five basic sentence patterns in English: SV, SVC, SVO, SVO1O2, SVOC, all with SV as its essentials. On the other hand, a Chinese sentence often lays emphasis on the thought or notion, so it is based on the thought pivot.Illustrative examples:1. A dialect is known by every linguist in this room.有一种方言这间屋子里的每个语言学家都懂得。

比较:在这房间里的每位语言学家都懂一种方言。

2. You don’t grow the grain you eat and you don’t make the clothes you wear.你吃的粮食不是你自己种的,你穿的衣服也不是你自己做的。

比较:你不种……3. 1978年改革开放开始了。

The year 1978 saw the beginnings of the reform and opening to the outside world.4. 我们的事业从胜利走向胜利。

We have won one victory after another for our cause.Or: A series of victories have been won for our cause.5. Static vs. Dynamic(静态与动态)In a simple English sentence or in an English clause, only one verb is used as the predict of the sentence or clause. In a Chinese sentence, a number of verbs can be used as its predict at the same time, so we may say that the Chinese is rather “dynamic” while the English is “static”. Illustrative examples:1. A mastery of Chinese and English is essential for E-C or C-E translation.做英汉/汉英翻译必须掌握好汉语与英语。

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