综英4 Unit1复习笔记
英语必修四Unit1 英语重点笔记
Unit 1 Discovering useful structures---Modal Verbs(I)(3)用于发生了某种于说话人的愿望相反、不受欢迎的事时，意思是“偏偏”、“偏要”。
Why must he do it that way?Why must it rain on Sunday?(4)表示推测，只能用于肯定句。
He must be reading novels now.The road is we t.It must have rained last night.1. 情态动词的语法特征情态动词有一定的意义，表示或暗示某种情绪或态度，表示可能、建议、愿望、必要、允许、能力等。
2.情态动词没有人称和数的变化，即不随主语的不同而变化。
3.情态动词不能独立使用，必须和实义动词一起构成谓语。
4.情态动词除ought和have外，后面只能接不带to的不定式。
5.情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式、分词等形式。
must表示必须，多处于义务、责任或强制命令(must提问，否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to).You must hand in your homework today.(2)mustn’t表示禁止。
意思是“不许”、“不准”、“不可以”。
You mustn’t smoke here.can/could(1)表示能力Can you speak Japanese?(2)表示推测时，只用在否定句或疑问句中。
He can’t be at home now.(3)表示允许(许可或请求许可）You can go now,but he can’t.(4)表惊异、怀疑等How can you be so rude?could可表示能力或可能性，多用于过去，也可指现在，通常表示虚拟或作为can的委婉形式。
can?/could?+?have?done(1)在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而实际上没做某事”；(2)在疑问句或否定句中表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定,?表示推测。
综英四册Unit 1
wander off move away (inattentively)
Roy sure is smart.
“Sure” is often used in colloquial American English, meaning “certainly”. e.g. He sure will come.
spontaneous
---- acting immediately from natural feelings
e.g. I joined in the spontaneous applause.
e.g. He was never spontaneously warm or friendly towards us.
e.g. I hadn’t the nerve to speak before so many people. courage, determination, self-control
e.g. Mrs. Murphy is blessed with 12 children.
e.g. Peter had not been blessed with a sense of humor.
kitchen sink ----a large basin in the kitchen for washing things
== It isn’t happy at all!
noun 1. a large group of insects, especially bees, or animals moving together 2. a crowd of people who are moving quickly e.g. Swarms of tourists shoved through the square. verb 1. If bees swarm, they leave a hive in a large group to look for another home 2. if people swarm somewhere, they go there as a large, uncontrolled crowd
大学英语综合教程四级必考笔记
大学英语综合教程四级必考笔记大学英语综合教程四级必考笔记→●符号说明：=引出解释/词义相同，[]表示用法相同，批注表示待确认，~加粗表示一个词系的词，荧光，数字表示页码。
● 2●Shape = to have great influence on sb;determine the nature ofsth. e.g.1.These events helped to shape her future career.这些事情对她的未来事业产生重大影响。
e.g.2.Her attitudes were shaped partly by her early experiences.她的想法一定程度上由她的早期经历决定。
●一定程度上：partly, to an extent, to some extent, to somedegree●conform 与……一致● 3●off and on=from time to time=sometimes断断续续地，有时e.g.It has been raining on and off for a week, that's why theclothes feel damp(潮湿的）.●Belleville=a city in a coal mining region,has diverse industry.●possibility=likelihood e.g.They haven't arrived yet. There's thepossibility that they've taken the wrong road.●take hold=become established生根，确立e.g.Old habits diehard. （很难摆脱）That's why you should stop smoking before the habit takes hold.●bored get/be bored by sth; grow bored with a crashingbore/a frightful bore/an insufferable bore/an utter bore讨厌之极的人/事●Assignment=a piece of work given to a particular person（分配的）工作，任务，作业~assign assign sth to sb=assign sb sth [give] e.g. Some work to do on holiday was assigned.●turn out = (1) come out or gather as for a meeting, publicevent, etc. e.g.1.A large group of protester(抗议者）have turned out. e.g.2.Crowd turned out for the procession. (2) provee.g. The plan turned out a failure/success. (3)shut offturn out the light (4)produce e.g. The school has turned out some great scholars.●agony=painful●anticipa te+gerund（动名词）/that e.g.1. They anticipate thatdeaths from AIDS will have doubled by 2005. e.g.2. We anticipate running into problems in carrying out the medical welfare reform.(医改) e.g.3. We anticipate hearing from you.●cheerless ~cheering欢呼~cheerful~cheerleader拉拉队长●That most tedious of subjects=the most tedious subject of allsubjects.●Have a reputation for 因……●be able to do,have the ability to do <=> be capable of●Inspire sb to do an inspired guess凭灵感做出的猜测e.g.1.Martin Luther King Jr's speeches inspired people to fightfor equal treatment of African Americans. e.g.2.The last leaf on the tree that never fell off inspired the dying patient with the will to live on. ~inspiration+to do e.g.Her work shows real inspiration.●Rigid=fixed in behavior, views or methods; strict e.g.If he hadbeen a little less rigid about things, his daughter would not have left home at such a young age.●Hopeless be hopeless at对……一窍不通 ahopelessly ill patient绝症●Be/go out of date/old fashioned<=>be fashionable/up todate bring sth up to date●Prim=stiffly (too) formal or correct in behavior and showing adislike of anything rude and improper. A prim dress端庄prim appearance prim and proper[negative]过于古板和认真●Severe=1朴素的:Hemingway is known for his severe writingstyle. strict: be severe on/with e.g. Only those who have undergone severe training can be accepted into the air force. 3 剧烈的e.g. The severe chest pain experienced by the Vice-president proved to be a heart attack.●Glasses=spectacles, contact lens●Wavy 卷曲的有波纹的●He wore prim suits with neckties set primly against the collarbuttons of his white shirts.●Comic滑稽的●tackle e.g. The question set by the teacher was so difficult thatpupils did not know how to tackle it.●Distribute=divide and give out among peo ple, places, etc.distribute sth sb. {词根}tribute e.g. films tribute(n.)/dedicated to the national day; pay tribute to [contribute, attribute to把..归因于]●Simple-minded=showing very little intelligencenarrow/open-minded; high-minded思想高尚; strong-minded 意志坚强●Due e.g.1. The book is due to publish in Nov. e.g.2. The train isdue in 15 minutes.●Face up to e.g. Now that your daughter was born, you’ll haveto face up to the responsibilities of being a father.● A sequence of一连串相关事物 a sequence of dancemovements●Image an image ambassador of..[product]●In my mind’s eye~ mental images 脑海●定语后置e.g.1. A list has been drawn up of words we havelearned so far. E.g.2. All is not gold that glitters(闪闪发光).●Scanner扫描仪●Spaghetti-not taste pulpy (多汁的) poke戳scoop舀prong 叉子的尖头●Recall +n/gerund/that clause e.g.1.I don’t recall evermeeting her. E.g.2.She recalled that she had to see the doctor again that afternoon. Remind sb. Of doing/to do/that clause ●Drive sth home将…讲透彻●Argument ∶get into/break off(中止)/terminate（结束）/settle(解决)/put forward; offer(提出论点)/confute(驳倒)an argument●Awake The letters awoke old fears.●Violate=act against e.g. Speeding downtown areas violatestraffic regulations.<=>violet紫罗兰violent剧烈的● A failing/passing grade●Respectable=1 值得尊敬的:a respectable couple?respectful 尊敬的: talk to him at a respectful distance 2 decent/proper合乎礼仪的，礼貌的●Composer作曲家●The graded papers?the corrected papers●Report to sb for sth: I was ordered to report for training to theartillery officers.●Discipline: tighten discipline加强纪律；keep discipline维持纪律learn discipline● 4●Speak/talk/say/laugh out loud●Contempt 轻视，轻蔑●Ridicule=making or being made fun of. 1 In contempt of 对……不屑一顾Do sth in contempt of heaven and hell天不怕，地不怕2 to hold sb up to ridicule嘲笑●Hold back =1 to prevent the expression of feelings, tears, etc.e.g. Johnny cried bitterly in the classroom, not evenattempting to hold back the tears. 2 make sb/sth stop moving forward e.g.The en built banks(堤）of earth to hold back the rising flood water. 3 to prevent the development ofe.g.You could become a good musician, but your lack ofpractise is holding you back. 4 keep secret. e.g.Tell me about it, don't hold anything back.●Be pure delight at●Power=the faculty(能力，技能，功能）of the body or minde.g.1 We'll have to use all of our powers of persuasion. e.g.2He has lost the power of speech.失去说话能力●Career, profession, trade●At the eleventh hour●As it were=so to speak=as one might say●Put the final seal on my happiness. definite. A seal of approvale.g.This project needs the government's seal of approval.正式批准。
高一英语4unit1知识点
高一英语4unit1知识点Unit 1 of the English curriculum for grade 11 covers a wide range of topics and deals with several key points that are crucial for students to understand and master. In this article, we will explore these knowledge points in more depth.1. Vocabulary development:Vocabulary is the foundation of language learning. In unit 1, students are exposed to a variety of words and phrases related to topics such as friendship, personality traits, and hobbies. It is important to actively engage with the new vocabulary by using flashcards, making word associations, and incorporating the words into daily conversations and writing.2. Grammar rules:This unit focuses on the past simple and present perfect tenses. The past simple is used to describe completed actions in the past, while the present perfect is used to talk about experiences and actions that have a connection to the present. It is essential to practice forming these tenses correctly and to understand the rules for their usage.3. Reading comprehension:Unit 1 includes several reading passages that require students to read for gist and specific information. It's important to develop effective reading strategies, such as scanning for keywords, underlining or highlighting key information, and summarizing the main ideas. Developing these skills will not only improve reading comprehension but also enhance overall language proficiency.4. Writing skills:Writing plays a vital role in language development. In this unit, students learn to write descriptive essays and informal letters. When writing an essay, it is important to present clear, concise arguments, use appropriate vocabulary and grammar, and organize thoughts logically. When writing letters, students should focus on maintaining an informal tone, expressing ideas clearly, and using appropriate language devices such as idioms and phrasal verbs.5. Speaking and listening:Effective communication involves both speaking and listening skills. Throughout unit 1, students participate in various speaking activities, such as group discussions and role-plays, which encourage them to express their opinions, listen actively, and engage in meaningful conversations. It is crucial to actively participate in class and practicespeaking English as much as possible in order to build confidence and fluency.6. Cultural understanding:Language and culture are intricately linked. Unit 1 provides opportunities for students to explore cultural aspects of English-speaking countries, such as greetings, forms of address, and cultural norms. By understanding cultural differences, students become more aware of and sensitive to diverse perspectives, which improves their overall language and intercultural communication skills.7. Cognates and false friends:Unit 1 introduces students to cognates, which are words that share a similar form and meaning across different languages. Recognizing cognates can facilitate vocabulary acquisition and comprehension. Additionally, the unit highlights false friends, which are words that appear similar in two languages but have different meanings. Being aware of false friends helps students avoid misunderstandings and choose the correct words when communicating.In conclusion, unit 1 of the grade 11 English curriculum encompasses various essential knowledge points for students to develop their language skills. By actively engaging with vocabulary,mastering grammar rules, improving reading and writing abilities, honing speaking and listening skills, gaining cultural understanding, and being aware of cognates and false friends, students can enhance their overall English proficiency and become more confident and effective communicators.。
综英4 Unit1复习笔记
1. assumption n.假定假设make two assumptionsthe underlying assumptiona. assumablev. assume2. contemplate ['kɔntəm,pleit] v.认真地考虑；观看，欣赏doing/sthcontemplate committing suicidecontemplate the various optionsShe stood contemplating her figure in the mirror. He contemplated her with a faint smile.a. contemplative沉思的；冥想的；默想的n. contemplation n. 沉思；注视；意图3. contend [kən'tend] v竞争；斗争；奋斗；争论；主张too powerful for me to contend with.contend for powercontend that……4. crude adj. 粗糙的；天然的，未加工的；粗鲁的crude oil/sugar/ore 原油/未开采的矿iron ore铁矿crude schemes/ideas 初步计划/构想a crude shelter 一个简陋的住所crude manners 粗鲁的举止5. eliminate [i'limineit] v.消除（多跟抽象名词）；The credit card eliminates the need for cash or cheques.Our team was eliminated in the first round.击败，淘汰；The dictator eliminated anyone who might be a threat to him.彻底消灭6. elusive adj.get an interview with that elusive man 很难见的wider international success has been elusive.很难到达的the poem has an elusive quality难懂的ad. elusivelyn. elusiveness v. elude 逃避，躲避7. emerge v.The moon emerged from behind the clouds.出现，显现New evidence has emerged to contradict earlier claims.Local government has recently emerged as a major issue. 暴露，被知道She emerged from the divorce a stronger person. 从困境中走出来n. emergencea. emergent8. immerse v. 浸；沉浸immerse the knife in boiling waterImmerse the cloth in the dye 染料found Mr. Johnson immersed in his writinghe immersed himself in pleasure9. presumably adv. 大概；推测起来；可假定Presumably there’s a good reason for her absence, as sh e doesn’t usually stay away from work.a. presumable可能有的；可推测的n. presumption 推测，假说v. presume10. quest n. 追求；寻找v.探索，寻求World leaders are now united in their quest for peace.Foreign powers had long penetrated the area in q uest of wealth or influence, or to counter the lu sts of their adversaries.11. resolve v,解决难题；下决心resolve the conflict.I resolved to keep quiet about what I had heard. She resolved that if he couldn’t find the n ecessary courage, she would.n.resolution 决心决议12. restricted adj. 受限制的；保密的It’s difficult trying to work in such a restricted s pace.The sale of alcohol is restricted to people underthe age of 18There is restricted access to this information.v. restrictn. restriction n. 限制；约束；束缚a. restrictive adj. 限制的；约束的；限制性的13. self-evident adj.不言自喻的It is self-evident that childhood experienc es influence our adult behavior.（speak for itself）（His performance can speak for itself）14. subtlety n. 微妙；敏锐；精明 a. subtle ad. subtlyShe argued her case with considerable subtlety. Some of the subtleties of the language are lost in translation.To appreciate all of this beauty relies upon your noticing its subtleties.15. validity n. 有效性；正确性；正确I would question the validity of that statement. Lawyers are questioning the validity of the city’s new telecom contract.You don’t know enough about the subject to ques tion the validity of my statementa. valida.n. invalidv. validatepro-British 亲英（派） pro-America 亲美（派） pro-Chinese 亲华（派）pro-abortion 赞成/支持堕胎 pro-western 支持西方的 pro-independence 赞成独立pro-revolutionary 支持革命的人foolproof 不会有差错或误解的 waterproo f 防水的 bulletproof 防弹的burglarproof 防盗的 soundproof 隔音的childproof container 防孩子摔坏的容器tamperproof（机械装置等）可防止乱摆弄的 fl ameproof 防火的idiot-proof 简单易懂的，容易操作的，可靠的by way of cut and dried 提前准备的已经解决的 high seas公海a vast sea of:fat chance (of sth/doing sth) chew the fa t（长时间）闲聊，闲扯be/become immersed infrom a… perspectivethis state of affairs：this kind of situati oncommon-sense reactioncannot help but doat best: taking the most hopeful viewpiece togetherbe relevant to:in the event of: 万一read of: (=read about) to find out informat ion from books, newspapers etcForeign Secretary---Germany 外交大臣Foreign Minister---UK 外交部长Secretary of State---USA 国务卿t ake… into account/take account of sth: stem from:concern oneself withbe given equal weight: to consider equally importantbe faulted on the groundsare destined tomake of 理解形成historical 与历史有关的historic 有历史意义的economic 与经济有关的economical 节约的restricted restriction行为方面的限制limited limit 数量上的限制cause事业原因根据目标course 课程进程过程 take a natural course顺其自然take it as a matter of course 认为理所当然source saucesuppose 猜想假设姑且说assume 假设担当presume 假定冒昧推测1. 尚不知飞机撞毁的原因。
高中英语必修四Unit1重要知识点及练习
1. achieveachieve v.意“达成；达到”，指期努力而达到某目、地位或准等。
其名形式 achievement ，意“成就；功”， a sense of achievement可指“成就感”。
如：He had finally achieved success.Even a small success gives you a sense of achievement.2. conditioncondition意“ 境；情况；条件” ，是可数名，常用复数形式conditions；意“状；情况” ，是不行数名， be in good condition表示“ 于优秀的状”，be out of condition表示“健康情况不好”。
如：We should pay more attention to the poor living under the bad conditions.The astronauts soon got used to the condition of weightlessness.My car is old but in good condition. He is overweight and out of condition.condition 意“条件” ，常用短on condition that ，表示“假如；在⋯⋯条件下”；在美国英中，也常用under the condition that。
如：I will come on condition that Peter is invited.They agreed under the condition that the matter be dealt with quickly.3. devotedevote vt.意“投入于；献身”，其后常与介to 搭配， to 后接名、代或名。
devote⋯to⋯ 意“献身；致力于”，指把自己、、精力等奉献某种工作或事。
全新版大学英语综合教程Book4 unit 1词汇详解
Unit 1Text A1.raw: adj. cold and wet; not cooked, refined, processed, organized or analyzedThe event took place on a raw February morning.This cutting board is only used to cut raw meat.Raw materials are the natural substances from whichindustrial products are made.unch: vt.1) startBeginning in the early 1960s, humans launched probes to explore other planets.This computer company launches a new product this year.2)send (sth.) on its courseOn October 4, 1957, Soviet scientists launched the world’s first artificial satelliteCollocation:launch an attack 发动战争launch a massive campaign 发动一场大规模的运动launch a company 开一家公司launch threats at sb. 向某人发出威胁launch into （积极有力地）开始launch out （精力充沛或戏剧性地）开始He launched into a long speech about the danger of taking drugs.She wants to be more than a singer and is launching out into films.3.campaign: n. a series of military operations or planned activities with a particular aimThe government is launching a massive campaign against corruption.The campaign against rats in our city got off to a good start.campaign, battle & war这三个词都是名词，均含有“战斗，战争”之意campaign 通常指在一场大的战争中，某一地区进行的一连串有既定目的的军事行动，也可作引申用。
综英第四册复习材料
Unit3Words1.obligation n. （道义，法律上的）义务（或）责任；承诺be (lie) under an obligation to 对...有义务; 受过...的恩惠2.cop 警察3.sergeant n. 警官, 军士，中士4.superior n. 上级、长官adj.（官衔，地位，质量）较高的；上级的，高质的be superior to 胜过, 比...好; 不为...所5.inferior n. 下属、部下adj.次品/ 低档货be inferior to 在…之下，不如，低于6.conscientious adj. 认真负责的7.conscience n. 良心，道德心；道德意识8.patrol n. 巡逻；巡逻队9.Cocktail party: 鸡尾酒会10.multicultural adj. 多种文化的11.neurotic adj. 神经过敏的，神经质的；易激动的12.slavery n. 奴役mortgage slave 房奴13.eternity [i'tə:nəti] n. 永恒、无穷eternal love 永恒的爱14.objective n. 目标、目的to meet/ achieve your objectives 达到/实现你的目标adj. 客观的objective reality客观现实subjective 主观的15.studiously adv.认真地；周详地studious adj. 勤奋的；细致的16.outlook n. 态度观点、前景outlook on life/world 人生观/世界观orientation n.定位，定向17.justify v. 为……辩护；证明18.tolerant adj. 宽容的，容忍的19.unwarranted adj. 无保证的，不确定的20.credence n. 凭证give / attach credence to sth.: 相信（流言蜚语、传言等）21.consistently adv. 前后一致地consistent adj. 始终如一的，坚持一致的consistency n. 一致性；连贯性22.rendezvous n. 会面地点，约会have a rendezvous with sb 跟..约会23.fad n. 短暂）时尚、狂热24.stagger v. 错开，摇晃、踉跄stagger working hour. 错开工作时间25.exonerate vt. 免除义务、宣布..无罪exonerate sb. from 免除某人的……26.dubious adj. 捉摸不定的；含糊的27.counsel:正式的) 劝告，建议advise: 建议，劝告consult: 与……商量，请教，查阅28.discard v. 抛弃，丢掉29.get rid of:清除，摆脱，丢弃，除去（不需要的东西或人）dispose of: （尤指正式地）处理，除去，清除scrap: 废弃；抛弃junk: 丢弃，废弃30.forthwith adv.立即dictationI used to work for a moving company. One day, after we had packed a truckload （一货车的容量）of furniture, our customer instructed us to go on ahead and meet her at the new house. We waited there but then concluded that we had the wrong address. So we drove to a corner, hoping to catch her as she went by. “That’s her car!” my boss yelled. He jumped from t he truck, dashed across the parking lot, stopping the car, and said, “Why don’t you let me follow you home?” As she quickly rolled up her window and hurried off, he realized that he had the wrong woman.1. He said on the eve of the New Year that he wanted to make a list of New Year resolutions. But, his sister sneered and said that she was dubious about his decision.2. Movies that are nothing but clichéof sentimental love have little appeal to today’s audience.3. Some editors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes to provide unwarranted details of famous people’s private life.4. The Prime Minister delivered a speech to justify the government’s decision to participate in the UN peace keeping action.5. Years of experience as a salesman gave him a /an insightin to the toughness of the business world.6. Mrs. Jones always finds her cleaning maids untrustworthyand she hires and dismisses them with such a frequency that she has never got a chance to remember their names.7. Language students should, first of all，discard the misconception that they can learn a language with clear and ultimate success.8. Travelling to remote areas, or even to unhabitated regions has become a/an fad among city dwellers.1. Many people tried their luck in the lottery, though they knew the probability of winning the first prize was quite slim. once in a blue moon.2. Those who recklessly destroy rainforests should feel ashamed for their stupid act.guilty3. The earth has offered all it has to nourish human beings, but they just benefit from it without showing any gratefulness in return.take the generosity of the planet for granted.4. Goods on sale are not necessarily poorer in quality than those sold at normal prices. Inferior to5. Primates are seemingly the suitable candidate forOn the surface, primates are thexenotransplants, but the same viruses that infect monkeys and apes are very likely to infect humans.6. The host had expected thirty guests but finally more than forty arrived at the party. showed up7. Bad habits are easy to make but difficult to eliminate. break.8. Experts in education do not think boys' assertiveness isDisregard asthe only reason for classroom sexism.Translation1.An opportunity as good as this arises / occurs only once in a blue moon.2. The boy felt guilty for taking money from his mother's handbag withoutpermission.3. She did not give credence to a single word of his story.4.Generally speaking, teachers are tolerant of their students' mistakes.5. I took it for granted you'd want to come with us, so I bought you a ticket.6. Thanks to the manager's repeated counseling, the staff soon broke the badhabit of coming late to work.7. He's furious with her now, but he'll forgive her soon. It's just/only a matter ofa few hours, that's all.Read more是的，你能够获得加薪！1.在我的事业刚刚起步的时候，我一直遵守着那条准则-----不兴风作浪。
新世纪大学英语综合教程4知识点整理
Book 4 Unit 11.The enormous oil spill on Alaska’s North Slope region in 1989 was a(n) disaster（灾难）for Alaskan sea animals.2.Due to the lack of labor force, even women in this village were compelled（强迫）to work in the coal mines.3.The travel agency promised to offer foreign travelers everything from historical（历史的）monuments and castles to modern leisure activities.4.According to the rules set by the company, anyone who is regularly late for workis likely to be disciplined（训练）or dismissed.5.People in that area are already threatened with environmental destruction（灭亡）since 60% of the forest there has been destroyed.6.The auto company has seen a huge increase in the output（产量）of private carsthis year due to the improved working efficiency.7.Under the severe attack from enemy aircraft, the troops were forced to retreat（撤退）from the front.8.Survival of the Fittest is a(n) eternal（永恒的）truth of nature.9.The military government refused to transfer（转移）power to a democraticallyelected civilian government.10.Deforesting and global warming threaten（威胁到）to ruin the current and futurestate of our environment.U21. Patients who had been given the new drug were asked to monitor（监视）their progress and report to the doctor down to the smallest detail.2. Private space travel is a relatively new phenomenon（现象）. It's difficult at the moment to assess its effects.3. All of us need to build up relationships with others unless we choose to live in complete isolation（隔绝）from the outside world.4. Since sending her child to the kindergarten, she has been delighted to see a(n) gradual （逐渐的）change in the boy's character; he seems less self-centered now.5. Quills were the chief writing tool from the 6th century until the advent（出现）of steel pens in the mid 19th century.6. I don't think she's consciously（意思到地）rude to you – she has just lost her new car and feels bad about it.7. The cheap perfume you see on special offer in petrol stations often smells nasty（丑恶的）after a couple of hours.8. The consumer boom（繁荣）of the 1980s led to an explosion of shopping centre development in big cities around the country.9. You shouldn't use "Yours faithfully" – it's too formal（规范的）for this kind of personal letter.10. Temperatures will soar（骤升）into 38°C over the weekend due to the heat wave, says the weather forecaster.11. According to a(n) survey（调查）among 1000 residents, garbage collection service in the city is far from satisfactory.12. The cost of food and clothing has come down in recent years.similarly（同样地）fuel prices have fallen quite considerably.13. In my childhood memories, we were living a(n) rough（简陋的）but happy life, with no luxuries to speak of.Unit 41. Nearly 6 million people in the mid-western area were affected by the flood, and there is a real danger of mass（大量的）starvation.2. It’s incredible that when he gambled（赌博）, he always won, whether he was playing a card game or betting on horse racing.3. The council is trying to get more people to do voluntary（自愿的）work and render social services in the less developed regions.4. Elephants are dying out because they are being hunted（猎杀）for the tusks.5. Wines can be classified（分类）as dry, medium or sweet according to their sugar content.6. Slavery was abolished（废除）in Canada in 1833, and the Canadian authorities then encouraged slaves from America to settle down on their land.7. Some of the developing countries seem to be stuck with a tough situation--- the division（n.分配）between the rich and the poor has never been so clear and sharp.8. The mass media commented that the you ng man’s suicide was nothing but a senseless（毫无意义的，无目的的）waste of his life.9. The younger generation should not just seek for the latest fashions（时尚）; they should have long-term commitment and try to live a worthy life.U71. I don't think it necessary to furnish(陈设家具于.......）our apartment a second time since we will sell it soon.2. He made a firm resolve（决定) to give up smoking and drinking as soon as he discovered that he had a heart trouble.3. To reduce the risks of railway accidents, we spend over ten million yuan on maintaining(维持）the railway lines every year.4. My parents lived a frugal lifestyle all their lives. For one thing, they never discarded（丢弃）anything that was still of use; for another, they never purchased things on impulse.5. The government has refused to sanction（批准，认可）a further cut in the rate of corporate tax.6. As Linda is a career woman and her husband works abroad, they cannot raise（抚养）their newborn son all by themselves and have to employ a babysitter on a fixed term of five years.7. My apartment was badly furnished because the workers did not strip（除去.....不必要的细节，使精炼）the original paint off the walls before they started painting.8. When we learned that the local college had only the bare（刚刚够的，勉强的）essentials in terms of equipment, we decided to donate a million yuan so that they could improve their teaching facilities.9. The Jones purchased a second-hand car for $1200; it was a real bargain（便宜货）, but I wonder how long it will last.10. It is always good to read some English novels in your spare time. If you cannot understand the original, you may read the simplified（使简易，简化）versions which are also available in the local bookstore.11. Sam said to the girl, "I will trade（用.....交换）you some of my chocolate for some of your ice cream."汉译英U 11.这个村子离边境很近，村民们一直担心会受到敌人的攻击。
《综合英语》备课笔记 4-1
Book 4Unit 1Text I Never Give In, Never, NeverBackground information:About the text:This text is a speech made by Churchill when he visited Harrow School on Oct. 29,194 In 1888, Churchill entered this school, which was founded in 1572 under a Royal Charter from Queen Elizabeth. In 1940 he came to this school for a short visit and he came again a year later to hear the traditional songs of this school.about the author:Sir Winston Churchill (1874-1965) was a combination of soldier, writer, artist, and statesman, renowned for his courage, imagination, oratory and intellect. In world war II he served as Prime Minister of UK from 1940 to 1945 and played a leading role in the resistance against German domination of Europe.AnalysisThis text is an inspiring speech made by Winston Churchill, when he visited Harrow School. The whole speech can be divided into three parts.Part I is the opening remarksPart II is the body of the speechPart III is the closing remarksPart I paragraph 1The following questions may be asked:What was Churchill’s intention of singing some of their songs?Why did Churchill use ill-favoured words such as ups and downs and misfortunes when talking about the menace of the enemy?What lesson had they learnt?Why did Churchill say the mood was different?Part II paragraph 2-5Questions to be considered:What did Churchill mean by saying “we must learn to be equally good at what is short and sharp and what is long and tough”?Why did Churchill quote Kipling as saying “Part III paragraph 6-8The following question could be asked:Why did Churchill replace the word “darker” with “sterner”?Language WorkUps and downs : a mixture of good things and bad thingsThe organization has experienced its ups and downs since it was founded in 199 Sitting beside the window, he recalled the ups and downs of his parenthood. Position: situation at a particular timeIt is time those companies revealed more about their financial position.Their soccer team is going to be in a very difficult position if nothing particularshows up.What is short and sharp and what is long and tough: difficulties and hardships of any kind, imminent or distant, temporary or long-lasting.Noble chance of war: impressive opportunities of warThrowing our minds back to our meeting here 10 months ago: recollecting our meeting at Harrow School 10 months ago.Please throw your mind back to1945, when people all over the world were engaged in a greatand cruel war against the Fascists.Convictions of honour and good sense: strong beliefs in honour and good judgment of duty and justiceVery different is the mood today: how other nations view Britain and how the Britain people think and feel about the war is quite different today from ten months ago.Our country stood in the gap: our country shouldered the responsibility in isolation.At the critical moment of world economic recession, a powerful government is needed to stand in the gap.Structural AnalysisPart I is the opening remarks in which Churchill summarized the great events that had happened in the past ten months and the purpose of his second visit to Harrow School.Part II is the body of the speech in which he analyzed the world situation and how other nations looked at Britain and then called on the people not to give in.Part III is the closing remarks in which he told the audience that he wanted to change a word in the song and explained why he wanted to do so.Rhetorical FeaturesThe following antonyms are used in the speech:ups/downs, short/long, triumph/disaster,darker days/great days.Some of these antonyms are used to describe the terrible nature of the war, some of them are used to express the determination of the British people to fight on for the final victory, and some are used to encourage the audience not to lose hope.Text II Winston ChurchillReference for questionsChurchill stepped onto the world stage at the outbreak of World War I in the capacity of the First Lord of the Admiralty of Great Britain.Because he knew very well that his country alone was not demographically strong enough to win the victory of the war, and the intervention of the USA would bring the war to its end much sooner.In order to get the USA involved in the war, he established a personal relationship with Roosevelt, and he was optimistic and believed that things would work his way.The later development of the world situation proved that he was right.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
1. assumption n.假定假设make two assumptionsthe underlying assumptiona. assumablev. assume2. contemplate ['kɔntəm,pleit] v.认真地考虑；观看，欣赏doing/sthcontemplate committing suicidecontemplate the various optionsShe stood contemplating her figure in the mirror. He contemplated her with a faint smile.a. contemplative沉思的；冥想的；默想的n. contemplation n. 沉思；注视；意图3. contend [kən'tend] v竞争；斗争；奋斗；争论；主张too powerful for me to contend with.contend for powercontend that……4. crude adj. 粗糙的；天然的，未加工的；粗鲁的crude oil/sugar/ore 原油/未开采的矿iron ore铁矿crude schemes/ideas 初步计划/构想a crude shelter 一个简陋的住所crude manners 粗鲁的举止5. eliminate [i'limineit] v.消除（多跟抽象名词）；The credit card eliminates the need for cash or cheques.Our team was eliminated in the first round.击败，淘汰；The dictator eliminated anyone who might be a threat to him.彻底消灭6. elusive adj.get an interview with that elusive man 很难见的wider international success has been elusive.很难到达的the poem has an elusive quality难懂的ad. elusivelyn. elusiveness v. elude 逃避，躲避7. emerge v.The moon emerged from behind the clouds.出现，显现New evidence has emerged to contradict earlier claims.Local government has recently emerged as a major issue. 暴露，被知道She emerged from the divorce a stronger person. 从困境中走出来n. emergencea. emergent8. immerse v. 浸；沉浸immerse the knife in boiling waterImmerse the cloth in the dye 染料found Mr. Johnson immersed in his writinghe immersed himself in pleasure9. presumably adv. 大概；推测起来；可假定Presumably there’s a good reason for her absence, as sh e doesn’t usually stay away from work.a. presumable可能有的；可推测的n. presumption 推测，假说v. presume10. quest n. 追求；寻找v.探索，寻求World leaders are now united in their quest for peace.Foreign powers had long penetrated the area in q uest of wealth or influence, or to counter the lu sts of their adversaries.11. resolve v,解决难题；下决心resolve the conflict.I resolved to keep quiet about what I had heard. She resolved that if he couldn’t find the n ecessary courage, she would.n.resolution 决心决议12. restricted adj. 受限制的；保密的It’s difficult trying to work in such a restricted s pace.The sale of alcohol is restricted to people underthe age of 18There is restricted access to this information.v. restrictn. restriction n. 限制；约束；束缚a. restrictive adj. 限制的；约束的；限制性的13. self-evident adj.不言自喻的It is self-evident that childhood experienc es influence our adult behavior.（speak for itself）（His performance can speak for itself）14. subtlety n. 微妙；敏锐；精明 a. subtle ad. subtlyShe argued her case with considerable subtlety. Some of the subtleties of the language are lost in translation.To appreciate all of this beauty relies upon your noticing its subtleties.15. validity n. 有效性；正确性；正确I would question the validity of that statement. Lawyers are questioning the validity of the city’s new telecom contract.You don’t know enough about the subject to ques tion the validity of my statementa. valida.n. invalidv. validatepro-British 亲英（派） pro-America 亲美（派） pro-Chinese 亲华（派）pro-abortion 赞成/支持堕胎 pro-western 支持西方的 pro-independence 赞成独立pro-revolutionary 支持革命的人foolproof 不会有差错或误解的 waterproo f 防水的 bulletproof 防弹的burglarproof 防盗的 soundproof 隔音的childproof container 防孩子摔坏的容器tamperproof（机械装置等）可防止乱摆弄的 fl ameproof 防火的idiot-proof 简单易懂的，容易操作的，可靠的by way of cut and dried 提前准备的已经解决的 high seas公海a vast sea of:fat chance (of sth/doing sth) chew the fa t（长时间）闲聊，闲扯be/become immersed infrom a… perspectivethis state of affairs：this kind of situati oncommon-sense reactioncannot help but doat best: taking the most hopeful viewpiece togetherbe relevant to:in the event of: 万一read of: (=read about) to find out informat ion from books, newspapers etcForeign Secretary---Germany 外交大臣Foreign Minister---UK 外交部长Secretary of State---USA 国务卿t ake… into account/take account of sth: stem from:concern oneself withbe given equal weight: to consider equally importantbe faulted on the groundsare destined tomake of 理解形成historical 与历史有关的historic 有历史意义的economic 与经济有关的economical 节约的restricted restriction行为方面的限制limited limit 数量上的限制cause事业原因根据目标course 课程进程过程 take a natural course顺其自然take it as a matter of course 认为理所当然source saucesuppose 猜想假设姑且说assume 假设担当presume 假定冒昧推测1. 尚不知飞机撞毁的原因。
The cause of the ai rcraft cr ash is so far unknown.2. 地球转暖的原因目前在科学家当中还在激烈争论。
The cause of global warming is still hot ly debated among sci entists.3. 他把他的一生献给了环保事业。
He devoted al l his lif e to the cause of environmental p rotection.4. 历史上这条河给我们造成了大量的问题。
The r iver ha s caused us a lot of trouble in his tory.5. 你认为国际恐怖主义的高涨是什么造成的？Wh at do y ou think caused the upsurge of inte rnational terrorism?6. 我们必须团结那些反对过我们的人。