考研英语一阅读理解真题加解析1994 Passage 2
94年考研英语答案
94年考研英语答案【篇一：考研英语94年真题详细解析】>section Ⅰuse of englishthe first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. in speaking, the choice of words is breakdown is in the communication cycle. too often, careless use of ameeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. the words used by the speaker may interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception systemwhich is being transmitted to him. the speaker whodoes not have specific words in his working vocabulary may beto explain or describe in athat can be understood by his listeners.1. [a] of [b] at[c] for[d] on2.[a] inaccessible [b] timely [c] likely[d] invalid3.[a] encourages [b] prevents [c] destroys [d] offers4.[a] pass out[b] take away [c] back up [d] stir up5.[a] who[b] as[c] which [d] what6.[a] moreover [b] however [c] preliminarily [d] unexpectedly7.[a] that[b] it[c] so[d] this8.[a] speech[b] sense[c] message [d] meaning9.[a] obscure[b] difficult [c] impossible [d] unable10.[a] case[b] means [c] method [d] way一、文章结构总体分析语言中的首要的以及最小的单位是单词。
考研英语一阅读理解真题加解析1994
Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society's understanding —the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation.Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities."All men are created equal." We've heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this country's founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children — the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children — disabled or not — to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.59. In paragrah 2, the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stage to show that ________.[A] the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and the society[B] exceptional children are more influenced by their families than normal children are[C] exceptional children are the key interest of the family and society[D] the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of the exceptional children60. The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in education is that ________.[A] they are expected to be leaders of the society[B] they might become a burden of the society[C] they should fully develop their potentials[D] disabled children deserve special consideration61. This passage mainly deals with ________.[A] the differences of children in their learning capabilities[B] the definition of exceptional children in modern society[C] the special educational programs for exceptional children[D] the necessity of adapting education to exceptional children62. From this passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptional children ________.[A] is now enjoying legal support[B] disagrees with the tradition of the country[C] was clearly stated by the country's founders[D] will exert great influence over court decisions重点词汇：denote （v.表示）即de+note，de-向下，note 记录，“记录下来”→表示。
1994年考研英语阅读解析
1994年考研英语阅读解析The 1994 Postgraduate Entrance English Exam, known forits challenging reading comprehension section, tested the candidates' ability to understand complex texts, extract information, and infer meanings from various contexts. This analysis will delve into the structure, themes, andstrategies that can be employed to tackle such a section effectively.Structure and Format:The reading comprehension section typically consisted of several passages, each followed by a set of questions. These passages could range from academic texts to more general interest articles, covering a wide array of topics such as science, literature, history, and current events.Themes and Topics:In 1994, the themes were diverse, aiming to assess a candidate's broad understanding of English in different contexts. Topics could include scientific breakthroughs, analyses of historical events, or discussions on socio-economic issues. The passages were often dense withinformation and required careful reading to grasp the nuances.Question Types:Questions in the reading comprehension section could beof various types, including but not limited to:1. Factual Recall: Asking for specific information fromthe text.2. Inference Questions: Requiring candidates to infer the author's intent or the implications of the information provided.3. Vocabulary-in-Context: Testing the understanding of words based on their usage in the passage.4. Main Idea or Thesis: Identifying the central argumentor theme of the passage.5. Purpose of the Text: Determining why the text was written or the author's purpose.Strategies for Success:1. Pre-reading: Skim through the passages to get ageneral idea of the content and structure before diving into the questions.2. Active Reading: Engage with the text by underliningkey points, noting down summaries, and identifying the main ideas of each paragraph.3. Question-Answer Approach: Read each question carefully and refer back to the text to locate the relevant information.Avoid making assumptions that are not supported by the text.4. Inference and Deduction: Practice making logical deductions based on the evidence provided in the passage. This is particularly important for inference questions.5. Time Management: Allocate your time wisely. Complex questions should not consume too much time, and it'sessential to leave some time for reviewing your answers.Common Pitfalls:1. Misreading Questions: Ensure you understand what is being asked before you start searching for the answer in the text.2. Overlooking Details: Details are crucial in reading comprehension. Missing a single word can lead to a wrong interpretation.3. Time Pressure: Do not let the clock dictate your pace. It's better to take a little more time to ensure accuracy than to rush and make mistakes.Conclusion:The 1994 Postgraduate Entrance English Exam reading comprehension section was a rigorous assessment of a candidate's English proficiency. By employing effective strategies, understanding the structure and types of questions, and avoiding common pitfalls, candidates canimprove their performance in similar sections of the exam. It is also a reminder of the importance of a well-rounded approach to language learning, where reading is not just about decoding words but also about understanding the deeper meanings and nuances of the text.。
1994年考研英语一真题及详解
1994年考研英语真题阅读理解精读笔记Text 1The American economic system is organized around a basically privateenterprise， market oriented economy in which consumers largely determine whatshall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods andservices that they want most.Private businessmen，striving to make p rofits， produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profitmotive， operating under competitive pressures，largely determines how these goods and services are produced.Thus， in the American economic system it is the demandof individual consumers， coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes， that together determinewhat shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.An important factor in a market oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers.In the Americaneconomy， this mechanism is provided by a price system， a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller producers.If the products is in short supply relative to the demand， the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market.If， on the other hand， producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost， this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller producers， which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.Thus， price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.The important factor in a private enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property)， and they are permitted to hire labor， gain control over natural resources， and produce goods and servicesfor sale at a profit.In the American economy， the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights，including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contractwith another private individual.51. In Line 7， Paragraph 1，“the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes”means .［A］ Americans are never satisfied with their incomes［B］ Americans tend to overstate their incomes［C］ Americans want to have their incomes increased［D］ Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes52. The first two sentences in the second paragraph tell us that .［A］ producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized production［B］ consumers can express their demands through producers［C］ producers decide the prices of products［D］ supply and demand regulate prices53. According to the passage， a private-enterprise economy is characterized by .［A］ private property and rights concerned［B］ manpower and natural resources control［C］ ownership of productive resources［D］ free contracts and prices54. The passage is mainly about .［A］ how American goods are produced［B］ how American consumers buy their goods［C］ how American economic system works［D］ how American businessmen make their profitsText 1allow 10/E5lau/v.允许，准许；承认；让,,得到，使,,得以发生bid 4/bid/v.出价；投标；努力争取；n.买方的出价；投标；努力争取characterize 8/5kAriktEraiz/v.表示,,的特性；描述,,的特性commodity 6/kE5mCditi/n.商品，物品competition 16/kCmpi5tiFEn/n.比赛；竞争competitive 9/kEm5petitiv/a.竞争的，比赛的concept 15/5kCnsept/n.概念，观念，思想concern 20/kEn5sE:n/v.涉及，关系到；（常与with，about，in连用）关心，挂念；担心，担忧；n.（利害）关系；关心，挂念；担心，担忧contract 4/5kCntrAkt/n.契约，合同，包工；v.缩小，缩短；订（约）economic 33/7i:kE5nCmik/a.经济（上）的，经济学的economy 29/i(:)5kCnEmi/n.节约；经济eliminate 5/i5limineit/v.消除embrace 1/im5breis/v.拥抱；包含enterprise 5/5entEpraiz/n.事业，企（事）业单位；事业心，进取心express 8/iks5pres/v.表达，表示； a.特快的，快速的；n.快车，快运factor 13/5fAktE/n.因素，要素goods 9/gudz/n.商品，货物individual 23/7indi5vidjuEl/a.个人的，单独的；独特的；n.个人，个体largely 12/5lB:dVli/ad.主要地，基本上；大量地，大规模地lower 7/5lEuE/a.较低的，下级的，下游的；v.降下，放低mechanism 6/5mekEnizEm/n.机械装置，机构；机制motive 2/5mEutiv/n.动机，目的； a.发动的，运动的organize 5/5C:gEnaiz/v.组织，编组orient 4/5C:riEnt/n.［the O-］东方；v.定,,的方位ownership 5/5EunEFip/n.所有（权），所有制pressure 10/5preFE(r)/n.压（力）；强制，压迫，压强；v.强制，迫使private 11/5praivit/a.私人的，个人的，秘密的，私下的process 40/prE5ses/n.过程，进程；工序，制作法；工艺；v.加工，处理product 14/5prCdQkt/n.产品，产物；乘积；结果，后果productive 5/prE5dQktiv/a.生产（性）的，能产的，多产的profit 6/5prCfit/n.利润，收益，益处；v.（by，from）得利，获益；利用；有利于property 7/5prCpEti/n.财产，资产，所有物；性质，特性purchase 6/5pE:tFEs/v.买，购买；n.购买的物品；购买regulate 4/5regjuleit/v.管制，控制；调节，校准relative 6/5relEtiv/a.（to）相对的，比较的；有关系的，相关的；n.亲属，亲戚resource 7/ri5sC:s/n.［pl.］资源，财力；办法，智谋；应变之才；设备respond 8/ris5pCnd/v.回答，答复；（to）响应response 9/ris5pCns/n.回答，回音；反应，响应result 50/ri5zQlt/n.结果，成果，成绩；v.（in）导致，结果是；（from）起因于，因,,而造成sentence 14/5sentEns/n.句子；判决，宣判；v.宣判，判决strive 5/straiv/v.奋斗，努力system 35/5sistEm/n.系统，体系；制度，体制tend 30/tend/v.趋向，往往是；照料，看护basically 1/5beisikEli/ad.基本上，主要地businessman 8/5biznismAn/n.商人consumer 20/kEn5sju:mE/n.消费者mainly 14/5meinli/ad.大体上，主要地manpower 4/5mAnpauE/n.人力marketplace 2/5mB:kit5pleis/n.集会场所，市场maximize 1/5mAksmaiz/vt.最大值，最佳化mechanize 1/5mekEnaiz/v.机械化overstate 1/5EuvE5steit/vt.夸大，夸张producer 3/prE5dju:sE/n.生产者，制作者，演出人，（电影）制片人seller 4/5selE/n.售货者难句1 The American economic system is organized around a basically privateenterprise， market oriented economy in which consumers largely determine whatshall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods andservices that they want most.【语法分析】1．核心句为：The American economic system is organized around a...economy。
1994年考研英语阅读理解真题答案（2）
1994年考研英语阅读理解真题答案（2）1994年考研英语阅读理解真题答案Section II Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points) The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is (41) the utmost importance. Proper selection will eliminate one source of (42) breakdown in the communication cycle. T oo often, careless use of words (43) a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may (44) unfavorable reactions in the listener (45) interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down.(46), inaccurate or indefinite words may make (47) difficult for the listener to understand the (48) which is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be (49) to explain or describe in a (50) that can be understood by his listeners.41. [A] of[B] at[C] for[D] on42. [A] inaccessible[B] timely[C] likely[D] invalid43. [A] encourages[B] prevents[C] destroys[D] offers44. [A] pass out[B] take away[C] back up[D] stir up45. [A] who[B] as[C] which[D] what46. [A] Moreover[B] However[C] Preliminarily[D] Unexpectedly47. [A] that[B] it[C] so[D] this48. [A] speech[B] sense[C] message[D] meaning49. [A] obscure[B] difficult[C] impossible[D] unable50. [A] case[B] means[C] method[D] waySection III Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Text 1The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in shortsupply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.51. In Line 8, Paragraph 1, “the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes” means ________.[A] Americans are never satisfied with their incomes[B] Americans tend to overstate their incomes[C] Americans want to have their incomes increased[D] Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes52. The first two sentences in the second paragraph tell us that ________.[A] producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized production[B] consumers can express their demands through producers[C] producers decide the prices of products[D] supply and demand regulate prices53. According to the passage, a private-enterprise economyis characterized by ________.[A] private property and rights concerned[B] manpower and natural resources control[C] ownership of productive resources[D] free contracts and prices54. The passage is mainly about ________.[A] how American goods are produced[B] how American consumers buy their goods[C] how American economic system works[D] how American businessmen make their profitsText 2One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us the “cashless society” is not on the horizon -- it’s already here.While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to bemade accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself.Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.55. According to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to ________.[A] withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes[B] obtain more convenient services than other people do[C] enjoy greater trust from the storekeeper[D] cash money wherever he wishes to56. From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that ________.[A] in the future all the Americans will use credit cards[B] credit cards are mainly used in the United States today[C] nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash[D] it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before57. The phrase “ring up sales” (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means “________”.[A] make an order of goods[B] record sales on a cash register[C] call the sales manager[D] keep track of the goods in stock58. What is this passage mainly about?[A] Approaches to the commercial use of computers.[B] Conveniences brought about by computers in business.[C] Significance of automation in commercial enterprises.[D] Advantages of credit cards in business.Text 3Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society’s understanding -- the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation.Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.“All men are created equal.” We’ve heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this country’s founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That conceptimplies educational opportunity for all children -- the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children -- disabled or not -- to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.59. In Paragraph 2, the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stage to show that ________.[A] the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and the society[B] exceptional children are more influenced by their families than normal children are[C] exceptional children are the key interest of the family and society[D] the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of the exceptional children60. The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in education is that ________.[A] they are expected to be leaders of the society[B] they might become a burden of the society[C] they should fully develop their potential[D] disabled children deserve special consideration61. This passage mainly deals with ________.[A] the differences of children in their learning capabilities[B] the definition of exceptional children in modern society[C] the special educational programs for exceptional children[D] the necessity of adapting education to exceptionalchildren62. From this passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptional children ________.[A] is now enjoying legal support[B] disagrees with the tradition of the country[C] was clearly stated by the country’s founders[D] will exert great influence over court decisionsText 4“I have great confidence that by the end of the decade we’ll know in vast detail how cancer cells arise,” says microbiologist Robert Weinberg, an expert on cancer. “But,” he cautions, “some people have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow. Consider Pasteur, he discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available.”This year, 50 percent of the 910,000 people who suffer from cancer will survive at least five years. In the year 2000, the National Cancer Institute estimates, that figure will be 75 percent. For some skin cancers, the five-year survival rate is as high as 90 percent. But other survival statistics are still discouraging -- 13 percent for lung cancer, and 2 percent for cancer of the pancreas (胰腺).With as many as 120 varieties in existence, discovering how cancer works is not easy. The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes (基因), are inactive in normal cells. Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown. If several oncogenes are driven int0 action, the cell, unable to turn them off, becomes cancerous.The exact mechanisms involved are still mysterious, but the likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never prevent all cancers. “Changes are a normal part of the evolutionary process,” says oncologist William Hayward. Environmental factors can never be totally eliminated; as Hayward points out, “We can’t prepare a medicine against cosmic rays.”The prospects for cure, though still distant, are brighter.“First, we need to understand how the normal cell cont rols itself. Second, we have to determine whether there are a limited number of genes in cells which are always responsible for at least part of the trouble. If we can understand how cancer works, we can counteract its action.”63. The example of Pasteur in the passage is used to ________.[A] predict that the secret of cancer will be disclosed in a decade[B] indicate that the prospects for curing cancer are bright[C] prove that cancer will be cured in fifty to sixty years[D] warn that there is still a long way to go before cancer can be conquered64. The author implies that by the year 2000, ________.[A] there will be a drastic rise in the five-year survival rate of skin-cancer patients[B] 90 percent of the skin-cancer patients today will still be living[C] the survival statistics will be fairly even among patients with various cancers[D] there won’ t be a drastic increase of survival rate of all cancer patients65. Oncogenes are cancer-causing genes ________.[A] that are always in operation in a healthy person[B] which remain unharmful so long as they are not activated[C] that can be driven out of normal cells[D] which normal cells can’t turn off66. The word “dormant” in the third paragraph most probably means ________.[A] dead[B] ever-present[C] inactive[D] potentialText 5Discoveries in science and technology are thought by “untaught minds” to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold (霉) on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at the goal -- and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovators and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities.“Creative thinking may mean simply the realization thatthere’s no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done,” wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority. This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient: “How come nobody thought of that before?”The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends.Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.67. What does the author probably mean by “untaught mind” in the first paragraph?[A] A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation.[B] A citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity.[C] A person who has had no education.[D] An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident.68. According to the author, what distinguishes innovators from non-innovators?[A] The variety of ideas they have.[B] The intelligence they possess.[C] The way they deal with problems.[D] The way they present their findings.69. The author quotes Rudolph Flesch in Paragraph 3because ________.[A] Rudolph Flesch is the best-known expert in the study of human creativity[B] the quotation strengthens the assertion that creative individuals look for new ways of doing things[C] the reader is familiar with Rudolph Flesch’s po int of view[D] the quotation adds a new idea to the information previously presented70. The phrase “march to a different drummer” (the last line of the passage) suggests that highly creative individuals are ________.[A] diligent in pursuing their goals[B] reluctant to follow common ways of doing things[C] devoted to the progress of society[D] concerned about the advance of societySection IV English-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences int0 Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. (71) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. (72) “In short,” a leader of the new school contends, “the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.”(73) Over the years, tools and technology themselves as asource of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology argues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.The centerpiece of the argument of a technology-yes, genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galileo’s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy, an astronomer of the second century, whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions. (74) Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. But the real hero of the story, according to the new school of scientists, was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eye-glasses.Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute. (75) Whether the Government’s should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.Section V WritingDirections:[A] Title: ON MAKING FRIENDS[B] Time limit: 40 minutes[C] Word limit: 120-150 words (not including the given opening sentence)[D] Your composition should be based on the OUTLINEbelow and should start with the given opening sentence: “As a human being, one can hardly do without a friend.”[E] Your composition must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)OUTLINE:1. The need for friends2. True friendship3. My principle in making friends。
1994年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题
A. disclosure B. exhibition C. contact D. exposure
24. When confronted with such questions, my mind goes ____, and I can hardly remember my own date of birth.
A. dim B. blank C. faint D. vain
25. It is well known that knowledge is the ____ condition for expansion of mind.
A. incompatible B. incredible c. indefinite D. indispensable
27. Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is ____ loud continuous noise.
A. subjected to B. filled with C. associated with D. dropped off
Ｃ Ｄ
17. The weeds and tall grass in that yard makes the house look as if
Ａ Ｂ Ｃ
it had been vacant for quite some time.
A. precious B. worth C. worthy D. valuable
1994考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译
1994 Text 1Paragraph 11、The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. 美国的经济体制是在基本上由私营企业组成并以市场为导向的经济基础上建立起来的。
在这个经济体制里，需要生产什么主要是由消费者在市场上花钱购买他们最需要的商品和服务决定的。
1.1 organize英/ˈɔ:gənaɪz/ 美/ɔrɡənˌaɪz/vi. 组织起来；成立组织vt. 组织；使有系统化；给予生机；组织成立工会等1.2 basically英/'beɪsɪk(ə)lɪ/ 美/'besɪkli/adv. 主要地，基本上1.3 oriented英/'ɔːrɪentɪd/ 美/'orɪɛntɪd/v. 调整；使朝向（orient的过去分词）；确定…的方位adj. 导向的；定向的；以…为方向的1.4 determine英/dɪ'tɜːmɪn/ 美/dɪ'tɝmɪn/v. （使）下决心，（使）做出决定vt. 决定，确定；判定，判决；限定vi. 确定；决定；判决，终止；[主用于法律]了结，终止，结束2、Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. 为了获取利润，私有企业主之间互相竞争，来生产这些产品和提供这些服务。
1994年考研英语真题答案详解
1994年考研英语真题答案详解Section I: Structure and Vocabulary (20 points)Part A (5 points)1. [C]2. [A]3. [A]4. [D]5. [C]6. [C]7. [B]8. [B]9. [D] 10. [B]Part B (5 points)11. [D] even 12. [A] obvious13. [B] had come 14. [B] that of the earth15. [C] to have been invented 16. [A] Much as 或Much though17. [B] make 18. [A] Unless (=if... not)19. [C] 删去but 或将believing 改为believe 20. [C] a great interest inPart C (10 points)21. [C] 22. [A] 23. [D] 24. [B] 25. [D]26. [C] 27. [A] 28. [B] 29. [B] 30. [B]31. [C] 32. [A] 33. [B] 34. [D] 35. [C]36. [C] 37. [D] 38. [A] 39. [A] 40. [B]Section II: Cloze Test (10 points)Section 1Use of English文章结构总体分析语言中的首要的以及最小的单位是单词。
说话时，选词至关重要。
恰当地选词可以消除交流障碍，不慎重的词语会阻碍说话双方的思想交流。
全文精译、答案出处及英汉对照（因为没有对照，我自己按照意思把空格选项的大概位置弄了下，可能不对，你自己再对照看吧。
给整段文章断句对应中文断的我好恶心T_T）The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word.In speaking, the choice of words is 1 the utmost importance.Proper selection will eliminate one source of 2 breakdown is in thecommunication cycle. Too often, careless use of words __3 a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener.The words used by the speaker may ___4 unfavorable reactions in the listener 5 interfere with his comprehension;hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down. 6__,inaccurate or indefinite words may make ___7 difficult for the listener to understand the 8 which is being transmitted to him.The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be 9 toexplain or describe in a 10 that can beunderstood by his listeners.关于语言，首先可以讨论的最小单位是单词。
1994年考研英语试题及参考答案
1994年考研英语试题及参考答案part Ⅰ: Section A 1. By the time you arrive in London, we ___ in Europe for two weeks. A. shall stay B. have stayed C. will have stayed D. have been staying 2. I appreciated ____ the opportunity to study abroad two years ago. A. having been given B. having given C. to have been given D. to have given 3. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, ____ obtaining water is not the least. A. of which B. for what C. as D. whose 4. The heart is ___ intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain. A. not so B. not much C. much more D. no more 5. ____ the fact that his initial experiments had failed, Prof. White persisted in his research. A. Because of B. As to C. In spite of D. In view of 6. JeanWagner#39;s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it ____ in religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference. A. is to be analyzed B. has been analyzed C. be analyzed D. should have been analyzed 7. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand , ____ all practical value by the time they finished. A. could lose B. would have lost C. might lose D. ought to have lost 8. No bread eaten by man is so sweet as _____ earned by his own labour. A. one B. that C. such D. what 9. It isn#39;t cold enough for there ___ a frost tonight , so I can leave Jim#39;s car out quite safely. A. would be B. being C. was D. to be 10. Scientists generally agree that theEarth#39;s climate will warm up over the next 50 to 100 years ____ it has warmed in the 20,000 years since the Ice Age. A. as long as B. as much as C. as soon as D. as well as Section B 改错: ll . Similar elements in the prehistoric remains from both areas suggest that Indians and their A B neighbours had maintained distant but real connections ever before 1500 B. C. C D 12. It soon became obviously that instead of being trained to sing she would be trained as the as- A B C D tronomer#39;s assistant . 13. He also conceived that the solar system and the universe would come into existence by a nat- A B C ural process and would disappear one day. D 14. The moon has a mass that is nearly one hundred times less than the earth ; in consequence , A B C the force of gravity at the moon#39; s surface is only one-sixth of that at the earth#39;s surface. D 15 . "The Bunsen burner is so named because it is thought to be invented by Robert Bunsen, who A B C was Genman by birth. D 16. Much although I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her in thoroughness, A B whatever the job. C D 17. The weeds and tall grass in that yard makes the house look as if it had been vacant for quite A B C D some time. 18 . If only the nature of the aging process is better understood, the possibility of discovering a A B C medicine that can block the fundamental process of aging seems very remote . D 19. When I consider how talented he is as a painter, I cannot heip but believing that the public A B C D will appreciate his gift . 20. Allen has stated that he has always had a great interest and admiration for the work of the A B C D British economist Keynes .Section C: 21. Please do not be ___ by his bad manners since he is merely trying to attract attention. A. disregarded B. distorted C. irritated D. intervened 22. Craig assured his boss that he would ___ all his energies in doing this new job. A. call forth B. call at C. call on D. call off 23. Too much ___ to X-rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body. A. disclosure B. exhibition C. contact D. exposure 24. When confronted with such questions, my mind goes ____, and I can hardly remember my own date of birth. A. dim B. blank C. faint D. vain 25. It is well known that knowledge is the ____ condition for expansion of mind. A. incompatible B. incredible c. indefinite D. indispensable 26. More than two hundred years ago the United States ____ from the British Empire and become an independent country. A. got off B. pulled down C. broke away D. attached to 27. Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is ____ loud continuous noise. A. subjected to B. filled with C. associated with D. dropped off 28. Some of the most important concepts in physics ____ their success to these mathematical systems. A. oblige B. owe C. contribute D. attribute 29. As your instructor advised, you ought to spend your time on something ____ researching into. A. precious B. worth C. worthy D. valuable 30. As a defense against air-pollution damage, many plants and animals____ a substance to absorb harmful chemicals. A. relieve B. release C. dismiss D. discard 31. Without the friction between their feet and the ground, people would ___ be able to walk. A. in no time B. by all means C. in no way D. on any account 32. While typing , Helen has a habit of stopping ____ to give her long and flowing hair a smooth. A. occasionally B. simultaneously C. eventually D. promptly 33. One reason for the successes of Asian immigrants in the U.S. is that they have taken great ______to educate their children. A. efforts B. pains C. attempts D. endeavours 34.If any man here does not agree with me, he should ____his own plan for improving the living conditions of these people. A. put on B. put out c. put in d. put forward 35.I support your decision, but I should also make it clear that I am not going to be ____to it. A. connected B. fastened C. bound D. stuck 36.The English language contains a(n)_____of words which are comparative seldom used in ordinary conversation. A. altitude B. latitude C. multitude D. attitude 37. In my opinion, you can widen the ____of these improvements through your active participation.A. dimensionB. volumeC. magnitudeD. scope 38.Your improper words will give _____to doubts concerning your true intentions. A. rise B. reason C. suspicion D. impulse 39.The news item about the fire is followed by a detailed report made _____. A. on the spot B. on the site C. on the location D. on the ground 40.The remarkable ______of life on the Galopagos Islands inspired Charles Darwin to establish his theory of evolution. A. classification B. variety C. density D. diversionPart Ⅱ Cloze TestThe first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is 41 the utmost importance. Proper selection will eliminate one source of 42 breakdown in the communication cycle. Too often, careless use of words43 a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may44 unfavorable reactions in the listener 45 interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down . 46 , inaccurate or indefinite words may make 47 difficult for the listener to under- stand the 48 which is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be 49 to explain or describe in a 50 that can be un-derstood by his listeners. 41. A. of B. at C. for D. on 42. A. inaccessible B. timely C. likely D. invalid 43. A. encourages B. prevents C. destroys D. offers 44. A. pass out B. take away C. back up D. stir up 45. A. who B. as C. which D. what 46 . A. Moreover B. However C. Preliminarily D. Unexpectedly 47. A. that B. It C. so D. this 48. A. speech B. sense C. message D. meaning 49. A. obscure B. difficult C. impossible D. unable 50.A. caseB. meansC. methodD. wayPart Ⅲ Reading ComprehensionPassage IThe American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen , striving to make profits , produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen ; and the profit motive , operating under competitive pressures , largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American eoonomic system it is the demand of individual consumers , coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individu - als to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer de- mands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mecha- nism is provided bv a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand , the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in tum will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the Amer- ican economic system . The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private propeny) , and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual . 51 . In Line 11 , Para 1 , "the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes" means__. A. Americans are never satisfied withtheir incomes B. Americans tend to oventate their incomes C. Americans want to have their incomes increased D. Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes 52. The first two &ntences in the second paragraph tell us that__. A. producers can satisfy the oonsumers by mechanized production B. consumers can express their demands through producers C. producers decide the prices of products D. supply and demand regulate prices 53 . According to the passage, a private-enterprise economy is characterized by__. A. private property and rights concerned B. manpower and natural resources control C. ownership of productive resources D. free contracts and prices 54. The passage is mainly about__. A. how American goods are produced B. how American consumers buy their goods C. how American economic system works D. how American businessmen make their profitsPassage 2One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the coun- try, and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us the "cashless society" is not on the horizon-it#39;s already here. While computers offer these conveniences to consumers , they have many advantages for sell- ers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers reoord which hours are busiest and which employees are the most effi- cient , allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional canlpaigns. Computers are relied on bv manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer-analyzed nlarketing reports can help to decide which products to em- phasize now, which to develop for the future , and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself. Numerous other commercial enterprises , from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors , bring better and more efficialt services to consumers through the use of computers. 55 . According to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to__. A. withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes B. obtain more convenient services than other people do C. enjoy greater trust from the storekeeper D. cash money wherever he wishes to 56. From the ast sentence of the first paragraph we learn that __. A. in the future all the Americans will use credit cards B. credit cards are mainly used in the United States today C. nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash D. it is now more convenientto use credit cards than before 57. The phrase "ring up sales" (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means "__". A. make an order of goods B. record sales on a cash register C. call the sales manager D. keep track of the goods in stock 58. What is this passage mainly about? A. Approaches to the commercial use of computers. B. Conveniences brought about by computers in business. C. Significance of automation in commercial enterprises. D. Advantages of credit cards in business.Passage 3Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential , their education must be adapted to those dif- ferences. Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environnlent as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society#39; s understanding--the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation. Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that minor we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens , whatever their special conditions , deserve the oppor- tunity to fully develop their capabllities. "All men are created equal. " We#39;ve heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this country#39; s founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children-the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children-disabled or not-to an appropriate education , and have ordered that pubLic schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In re- sponse , schools are modifying their programs , adapting instruction to children who are exception- al , to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs. 59. In Paragraph 2, the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stage to show that A. the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their famiLy and the society B. exceptional children are more influenced by their families than nomlal children are C. exceptional children are the key interest of the family and society D. the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of the exceptional children 60. The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in education is that__. A. they are expected to be leaders of the society B. they might become a burden of the society C. they should fully develop their potentials D. disabled children deserve special consideration 61 . Thispassage mainly deals with__. A. the differences of children in their learning capabilities B. the definition of exceptional children in modern society C. the special educational programs for exceptional children D. the necessity of adapting education to exceptional children 62 . From this passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptional children ___. A. is now enjoying legal support B. disagrees with the tradition of the country C. was clearly stated by the country#39; s founders D. will exert great influence over court decisionsPassage 4"I have great confidence that by the end of the decade we#39;ll know in vast detail how cancer cells arise, " says microbiologist Robert Weinberg, an expert on cancer. "But, " he cautions, "some people have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow. Consider Pasteur. He discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available. " This year, 50 percent of the 910,000 people who suffer from cancer will survive at least five years. In the year 2000 , the National Cancer Institute estimates, that figure will be 75 percent. For some skin cancers, the five-year survival rate is as high as 90 percent. But other survivaL statistics are still discouraging-----13 percent for lung cancer, and 2 percent for cancer of the pan- creas (胰腺) . With as many as 120 varieties in existence, discovering how cancer works is not easy. The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they disoovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes (基因) , are inactive in normal cells. Anything from cosmic rays to radi- ation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown. If several oncogenes are driven into action, the cell, unable to turn them off, becomes cancerous. The exact mechanisms involved are still mysterious, but the likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never prevent all cancers. "Changes are a nor- mal part of the evoLutionary process , " says oncologist William Haywar. Environmental factors can never be totally eliminated; as Hayward points out , "We can#39; t prepare a medicine against cosmic rays. " The prospects for cure, though still distant, are brighter. "First , we need to understand how the normal cell controls itself. Second, we have to deter- mine whether there are a limited number of genes in cells which are always responsible for at leasl part of the trouble. If we can understand how cancer works, we can counteract its action. " 63. The example of Pasteur in the passage is used to__. A. predict that the secret of cancer will be disclosed in a decade B. indicate that the prospects for curing cancer are bright C. prove that cancer will be cured in fifty to sixty years D. warn that there is still a long way to go before cancer can be conquered 64. The author implies that bv the year 2000 ,__. A. there will be a drastic rise in the five-year survival rate of skin-cancer patients B. 90 percent of the skin-cancer patients today will still be living C. the survival statistics will be fairly even among patients with various cancers D. there won#39; t be a drastic increase of survival rate of all cancer patients 65 . Oncogenes are cancer-causing genes__. A. that are always in operation in a healthy person B. whichremain unharmful so long as they are not activated C. that can be driven out of normal cells D. which normal cells can#39; t turn off 66 . The word "dormant" in the third paragraph most probably means__. A. dead B. ever-present C. inactive D. potentialPassage 5Discoveries in science and technology are thought by "untaught minds" to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold (霉) on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inven- tions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and enor. Innovation is like soc- cer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score. The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at the and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovation and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions , professional innovators see as solid possibilities. "Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there#39; s no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done, " wrote Rudolph Flexh, a language authority, this accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient : "How come nobody thought of that before?" The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the av erage person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparentLy simplest route. The in- novator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends. Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer. 67. What does the author probably mean by "untaught mind" in the first paragraph? A. A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation. B. A citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity. C. A person who has had no education. D. An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident. 68 . According to the author , what distinguishes innovators from non-innovators?A. The variety of ideas they have.B. The intelligence they possess.C. The way they deal with problems.D. The way they present their findings. 69. The author quotes Rudolph Flesch in Paragraph 3 because__. A. Rudolph Flesch is the best-known expert in the study of human creativity B. the quotation strengthens the assertion that creative individuals look for new ways of doing things . C. the reader is familiar with Rudolph Flesch#39; s point of view D. the quotation adds a new idea to the informatlon previously presented 70. The phrase "march to a different drummer" (the last line of the passage) suggests that highly creativeindividuals are__. A. diligent in pursuing their goals B. reluctant to follow common ways of doing things C. devoted to the progress of science D. concemed about the advance of society Part Ⅳ English-Chinese TranslationAccording to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. (71 ) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. (72) "In short" , a leader of the new school contends, "the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions. "(73 )Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology algues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments. The centerhiece of the argument of a technology-yes , genius-no advocate was an analysis of Gialileo#39; s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy, an astronomer of the second century, whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions.(74) Galileo#39; s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. But the real hero of the story, according to the new school of scientists, was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eyeglass- es . Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute. (75)Whether the Govemment should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice ver- sa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.Part V Writing (15 points)DIRECTIONS : A. Title: ON MAKING FRIENDS B. TIME LIMIT : 40 minutes C. Word limit : 120 - 150 words ( not including the given opening sentence) D . Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence : "As a human being , one can hardly do without a friend . " E . Your composition must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET . OUTLINE : l . The need for friends 2 . True friendship 3. My principle in making friends参考答案： PartⅠ Section A ( 15 points) l. C 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. D 10. B Section B ( 15 points) 11. D,even 12. A,obvious 13. B,had come 14. B,that of the earth 15. C,to have been invented 16. A,Much as 或 Much though 17. B,make 18. A,Unless ( =if. . .not) 19. C,删去 but 或将 believing 改为 believe 20. C,a great interest in section C ( 10 points) 21.C 22. A 23.D 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. B 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. C 36. C 37. D38. A 39. A 40. B Part Ⅱ 41. A 42. C 43. B 44. D 45. C 46. A 47. B 48. C 49. D 50. D Part Ⅲ 51.D 52. D 53. A 54. C 55. B 56. C 57. B 58. B 59. A 60. C 61. D 62. A 63. D 64. D 65. B 66. C 67. A68. C 69. B 70. B Part Ⅳ 71. 他们(新学派科学家们)说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼识，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等等更为普通的东西。
考研英语真题全集之1994---2004
Passage 1（1994年）The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is 41 the utmost importance. Proper selection will eliminate one source of 42 breakdown in the communication cycle. Too often, careless use of words 43 a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may 44 unfavorable reactions in the listener 45 interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down.46 inaccurate or indefinite words may make 47 difficult for the listener to understand the 48 which is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be 49 to explain or describe in a 50 that can be understood by his listeners.41.[A] of [B] at [C] for [D] on42.[A] inaccessible [B] timely [C] likely [D] invalid43.[A] encourages [B] prevents [C] destroy [D] offers44.[A] pass out [B] take away [C] back up [D] stir up45.[A] who [B] as [C] which [D] what46.[A] Moreover [B] However [C] Preliminarily [D] Unexpectedly47.[A] that [B] it [C] so [D] this48.[A] speech [B]sense [C] message [D] m eaning49.[A] obscure [B] difficult [C] impossible [D] unable50.[A] case [B] means [C]method [D]wayPassage 2（1995年）Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. 41 kind of sleep is at all well understood, but REM sleep is 42 to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more 43 . The new experiments, such as these 44 for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations 45 of non-REM sleep.For example, it has long been known that total sleep 46 is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet,47 examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A researcher has now48 the mystery of why the animals die. The rats 49 bacterial infections of the blood, 50 their immune systems — the self-protecting mechanism against diseases-had crashed.41.[A] Either [B] Neither [C] Each [D] Any42.[A] intended [B] required [C] assumed [D] inferred43.[A] subtle [B] obvious [C] mysterious [D] doubtful44.[A] maintained [B] described [C] settled [D] afforded45.[A] in the light [B] by virtue [C] with the exception [D] for the purpose46.[A] reduction [B] destruction [C] deprivation [D] restriction47.[A] upon [B] by [C] through [D] with48.[A] paid attention to [B] caught sight of [C] laid emphasis on [D] cast light on49.[A] developed [B] produced [C] stimulated [D] induced50.[A] if [B] as if [C] only if [D] if only41.[A]either [B]so [C]nor [D]never42.[A]shifting [B]transferring [C]altering [D]transforming43.[A]any [B]some [C]anything [D]something44.[A]serious [B]apparent [C]severe [D]fatal45.[A]mostly [B]partially [C]sometimes [D]rarely46.[A]in that [B]so that [C]such that [D]except that47.[A]undertakes [B]holds [C]plays [D]performs48.[A]Supplying [B]Getting [C]Providing [D]Furnishing49.[A]exceptional [B]exceeding [C]excess [D]external50.[A]nevertheless [B]therefore [C]moreover [D]meanwhilePassage 4（1997年）Manpower Inc, with 560,000 workers, is the world's largest temporary employment agency. Every morning, its people 41 into the offices and factories of America, seeking a day's work for a day's pay. One day at a time. 42 industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive 43 reducing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming.44 its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part-timers and temporary workers. This "45" work force is the most important 46 in American business today, and it is 47 changing the relationship between people and their jobs. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive 48 avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens 49 by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans. For workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of 50 that came from being a loyal employee.41.[A] swarm [B] stride [C] separate [D] slip42.[A] For [B] Because [C] As [D] Since43.[A] from [B] in [C] on [D] by44.[A] Even though [B] Now that [C] If only [D] Provided that45.[A] durable [B] disposable [C] available [D] transferable46.[A] approach [B] flow [C] fashion [D] trend47.[A] instantly [B] reversely [C] fundamentally [D] sufficiently48.[A] but [B] while [C] and [D] whereas49.[A] imposed [B] restricted [C] illustrated [D] confined50.[A] excitement [B] conviction [C] enthusiasm [D] importanceby great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.41.[A] admitted [B] believed [C] claimed [D] predicted42.[A] plain [B] average [C] mean [D] normal43.[A] momentary [B] prompt [C] instant [D] immediate44.[A] bulk [B] host [C] gross [D] magnitude45.[A] on [B] With [C] For [D] By46.[A] broadly [B] thoroughly [C] generally [D] completely47.[A] however [B] meanwhile [C] therefore [D] moreover48.[A] at [B] in [C] about [D] for49.[A] manifested [B] approved [C] shown [D] speculated50.[A] noted [B] impressed [C] labeled [D] marked41.[A] at [B] in [C] on [D] with42.[A] alive [B] vivid [C] mobile [D] diverse43.[A] regulation [B] climate [C] circumstance [D] requirement44.[A] where [B] how [C]what [D]unless45.[A] alter [B] differ[C] shift [D] distinguish46.[A] constituting [B] aggravating [C] observing [D] justifying47.[A] some [B] Many [C] Even [D] still48.[A] comes off [B] turns up [C] pays off [D] holds up49.[A] claims [B] reports [C] declarations [D] proclamations41.[A] other than [B] as well as [C] instead of [D] more than42.[A] only of [B] much as [C] long before [D] ever since43.[A] for [B] against [C] of [D] towards44.[A] replace [B] purchase [C] supplement [D] dispose45.[A] enhance [B] mix [C] feed [D] raise46.[A] vessels [B] routes [C] paths [D] channels47.[A] self-confident [B] self-sufficient [C] self-satisfied [D] self-restrained48.[A] search [B] save [C] offer [D] seek49.[A] proportion [B] percentage [C] rate [D] ratio50.[A] genuinely [B] obviously [C] presumably [D] frequentlyPassage 8（2001年）The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 31 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant 32 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 33 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses34 and will strictly control the amount of 35 that can be given to a case 36a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said he 37 with a committee report this year which said that self-regulationdid not 38 sufficient control.39 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 40 of media protest when he said the 41 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 42 to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which 43 the European Convention on Human Rights legally 44 in Britain, laid down that everybody was 45 to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families."Press freedoms will be in safe hands 46 our British judges," he said.Witness payments became an 47 after West sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were 48 to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised 49 witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to 50 guilty verdict.31.[A] as to [B] for instance [C] in particular [D] such as32.[A] tightening [B] intensifying [C] focusing [D] fastening33.[A]sketch [B] rough [C] preliminary [D] draft34.[A]illogical [B] illegal [C] improbable [D] improper35.[A]publicity [B] penalty [C] popularity [D] peculiarity36.[A]since [B] if [C] before [D] as37.[A]sided [B] shared [C] complied [D] agreed38.[A]present [B] offer [C] manifest [D] indicate39.[A]Release [B] Publication [C] Printing [D] Exposure40.[A]storm [B] rage [C] flare [D] flash41.[A]translation [B] interoperation [C] exhibition [D] demonstration42.[A]better than [B] other than [C] rather than [D] sooner than43.[A]changes [B] makes [C] sets [D] turns44.[A] binding [B] convincing [C] restraining [D] sustaining45.[A] authorized [B] credited [C] entitled [D] qualified46.[A] with [B] to [C] from [D] by47.[A] impact [B] incident [C] inference [D] issue48.[A] stated [B] remarked [C] said [D] told49.[A] what [B] when [C] which [D] that50.[A] assure [B] confide [C] ensure [D] guaranteePassage 10（2003年）Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can best 22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23 . but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 28 . publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that young teens have 34 attention spans.A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 37 . This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 38 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within21.[A] acting [B] relying [C] centering [D] commenting22.[A] before [B] unless [C] until [D] because23.[A] interactions [B] assimilation [C] cooperation [D] consultation24.[A] return [B] reply [C] reference [D] response25.[A] or [B] but rather [C] but [D] or else26.[A] considering [B] ignoring [C] highlighting [D] discarding27.[A] on [B] in [C] for [D] with28.[A] immune [B] resistant [C] sensitive [D] subject29. [A] affect [B] reduce [C] check [D] reflect30. [A] point [B] lead [C] come [D] amount31. [A] in general [B] on average [C] by contrast [D] at length32. [A] case [B] short [C] turn [D] essence33. [A] survived [B] noticed [C] undertaken [D] experienced34. [A] contrarily [B] consequently [C]similar [D] simultaneously35. [A] than [B] that [C] which [D] as36. [A] system [B] structure [C] concept [D] heritage37. [A] assessable [B] identifiable [C] negligible [D] incredible38. [A] expense [B] restriction [C] allocation [D] availability39. [A] incidence [B] awareness [C] exposure [D] popularity40. [A] provided [B] since [C] although [D] supposing。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
1994 Passage 2One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically , making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us, the "cashless society" is not on the horizon — it's already here.While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself.Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.55. According to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to ________.[A] withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes[B] obtain more convenient services than other people do[C] enjoy greater trust from the storekeeper[D] cash money wherever he wishes to56. From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that ________.[A] in the future all the Americans will use credit cards[B] credit cards are mainly used in the United State today[C] nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash[D] it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before57. The phrase "ring up sales" (line 2, paragraph 2) most probably means "________".[A] make an order of goods[B] record sales on a cash register[C] call the sales manager[D] keep track of the goods in stock58. What is this passage mainly about?[A] Approaches to the commercial use of computers.[B] Conveniences brought about by computers in business.[C] Significance of automation in commercial enterprises.[D] Advantages of credit cards in business.重点词汇：deposit （v.n.存放；储蓄；沉淀）即de+pos+it，de-向下，pos 词根“放”，it 后缀，“放下它”。
The mark of the historic is the nonchalance with which it picks up an individual and deposits him in a trend, like a house playfully moved in a tornado.历史性事件的标志是冷漠，它拈起一个人置于某种趋势中，使之像龙卷风里的房子那样儿戏般地翻滚。
horizon （地平线；眼界）。
The horizon of life is broadened chiefly by the enlargement of the heart.生活的地平线主要由心胸的扩大而拓展。
W e all live under the same sky, but we don't all have the same horizon.我们都生活在同一个天空下，但我们并不都拥有同样的地平线。
convenience （便利）即con+veni+ence，con-一起，veni词根“来”，-ence名词后缀，“需要的东西都一起提供”→便利；convenient（便利的）←con+veni+ent形容词后缀。
What a convenient and delightful world is this world of books.书籍的世界是多么便利而令人愉快啊！It is convenient that there be gods, and, as it is convenient, let us believe that there are.有上帝是方便的，既然如此，我们就相信有上帝吧。
processor （制造者；处理器）←process处理+or；microprocessor（微处理器）←micro+processor。
难句解析：①They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad and they make many banking services available as well.▲此句是由and连接的两个并列句，其中第一个句子结构较复杂，有一个复杂的地点状语in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad，在阅读时在此处可以适当地加快速度。
△此句在理解中的难点是短语give somebody credit，此处credit 应理解为“信用额度”，在英文中credit card意味着持卡人可以有一定的透支额度。
②Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom.▲这两个短句虽然简单，但是由于其中包含有几个短语，如do much more than...，ring up，electronic cash registers等，因此在阅读中也存在一定的障碍，在我们不知道一个短语的确切意思的情况下，通过上下文来定位其大致意思就显得非常重要。
△electronic cash registers意为“电子收银并记录”；do much more than的意思是“做的不只是”；ring up的意思可以从第一个短句的结构中推出，第一个短句的结构为A can do much more than simply B，我们知道A和B之间只存在程度上的差异，而本质相同，因此ring up应该与electronic cash registers意思相同或相近，应为“收款，记录”的意思。