冀教版八年级英语下各课知识点总结

Unit 1

lesson1

1.What's the weather like today?

这句是用来询问天气的一个常用句子，还可以说成：How is the weather?

2.It will be snowy and hot today.

snowy是形容词，意思是有雪的，雪大的。它是由名词snow+y构成，类似的词还有：cloudy;rainy;sunny;windy;icy;foggy;thirsty;dirty;healthy;

3.What's the temperature?问温度是多少时，不用how many\much，要用what

4.I hope not.它的肯定形式为I hope so.

类似的表达法有：I'm afraid so.\I'm afraid not. I think so\I don't think so.

5.I'm scared of thunder.

be scared of sb.\sth.害怕某人或某物。这里scared 是过去分词，作形容词。如：I'm scared of wild animals.

scare还可以作动词。如：You scared me.

lesson2

1.What's the date today?It's March twenty-first.

What's the date?是用来询问日期的一个常用句子，也可以说成：What is today's date?

如果询问星期要用What day is today?\What day is it today?

2.In spring,the weather becomes warmer.

become是系动词，与get一样，常接形容词作表语；与get不同的是它还可以接名词作表语，表示身份的变化。应为：成为。如：The days are becoming\getting longer in summer. He became a lawyer in 1998.

3.The temperature goes up! go up意思是上升，与rise同义，与go down或set相反。如：The sun goes up\rises in the east and goes down\sets in the west.

4.Thunder makes a loud noise.make a noise意思是发出声响，吵闹。如：The baby is sleeping.Don't make a noise.You shouldn't make a noise in class.

lesson3

1.Spring has arrived in Shijiazhuang.arrive是不及物动词，意思是到达。arrive in+大地点（国家、地区、城市）arrive at+小地点（学校、商店、车站、邮局等类似地点），地点为副词时in\at要省去。如：He arrived in Paris.The train arrived at the station.They arrived home early.

reach表示到达时，是及物动词，直接与到达的地点(n)连用。如：He reached Paris.The train reached the station.

get to表示到达时，后跟副词表示的地点时to要省去，如：He gets there on time.

2.Every morning I see many people in the park exercising.see sb. doing sth.表示看见某人在做某事，如：Can you see them playing football over there?

see sb. do sth.表示看见某人做过某事，如：I often see him play football on the playground.

这样的词还有：hear;watch;notice等。

3.The sun will set in about fifteen minutes.

in是介词，表示在...以后，用于将来时，后面跟表示一段时间的名词。此时，不能用after替换in.如：He will be back in two days.They will finish the work in ten months.

4.We won't see any flowers until May.

not...until...意思是直到...才...。until可以作介词或连词。如：They didn't leave until they finished the work.He won't go to bed until 11 o'clock.

5.Next month,maybe we will play in our shorts and T－shirts!

in表示穿着，它可以跟表示衣服或衣服颜色的名词，意思是穿着...颜色的衣服。如：The girl in the hat is my sister.They are playing in new clothes.Our teacher is in a red dress today.All of them are in black.

lesson4

1.Weather is warming,... 这里warm是动词，意思是变暖，它也可用作形容词，如：It's warm in spring.It's getting warmer day by day.

2.one by one 一个接一个地如You can plant the seeds one by one .类似的词语还有：year by year;day by day.

3.See it bring the season's change.see sb.\sth. do sth.看到某人或某事物做过某事，change这里是名词，它也可以做动词，如：He changed his clothes.

lesson5

1.Let's go cycling.go cycling =go to ride a bike去骑车。如：He often goes cycling on Sunday.

let's do sth.表示让某人做某事let's not do sth.让某人不要做某事，如：Let's have a rest. Let's not go there.

2.How about baseball,then?how\what about+n\pron\doing sth.如：I like spring.How about you?

What about a cup of coffee?How about opening the window?

3.The ball always hits me on the head.hit sb. on the+身体部位，表示打在某人的某个部位，如：He hit me on the head.He was so angry that he hit Mary in the face.

4.Shall we play soccer?Shall we\I...?表示征求对方意见，可以...吗；...好吗。如：Shall we go swimming?Shall I sit here?

lesson6

1.Danny is babysitting his cousin Debie at the playground.babysitting是双写t+ing而来的，这样的词还有：

swimming;running;beginning;getting;putting等；at the playground也可以说成in\on the playground.

2.Hold on,Debbie!hold on可以表示稍等，别挂断；抓紧，如：Hold on a minute.He held on to the rope.

3.Danny will push you.push这里是动词，意思是推，它也可以用作名词.push sb.=give sb. a push.

4.It's time to stop swinging,debbie.stop doing sth.停止做某事；stop to do sth.停下来做某事；如：They stopped to smoke

a cigarette.I must stop smoking.When he saw his teacher on the street,he stopped to talk to her.All the students stopped talking when the teacher came in.

5.Debbed gets off the swing.get off...意思是从...下来，通常指下火车、巴士、轮船、飞机等，反义词组是get on...如：Don't get off the bus until it stops.They will get off the train in Beijing.上、下小汽车或电梯常用get into\out of...

lesson7

1.I thought about it all day at school.

think about 意思是思考，考虑，想起，想到...;如:I am thinking about my friend in the country.

Don't think about it any more.

2.I thought that it would be easy to babysit there.

it在此代替后面的不等式to babysit there,作形式主语,如:It is interesting to climb the hill.It is hard to answer the question.

3.I was scared that she would hurt herself,but...

herself是反身代词,意思是她自己.当主语和宾语[指同一个人时,宾语应用反身代词.如:She can look after herself.My mother taught herself English.

反身代词还可以作同位语,起加强语气的作用.如:She can do it herself.=She herself can do it

4.My aunt and uncle had made sandwiches for us to eat at the playground.

make sth. for sb.=make sb. sth.意思是为某人制作某物.如:I will make a birthday cake for her.=I will make her a birthday cake.

5.so was I.这是一个倒装句.是由so+系动词\助动词\情态动词+主语,构成.如:He is tall.So am I.

They like chinese food.So do the two Englishmen.

6.I helped her brush her teeth and climb into bed.

help sb.(to)do sth.意思是帮助某人做某事,如:I often help my mother do the housework.He sometimes helps me study English.

help sb. with sth.也能表示帮助某人做某事,但with后面跟名词或人称代词宾格,上面的句子可改写为:I often help my mother with the housework.He sometimes helps me with my English.

Unit 2

lesson9

1.Would you like some markers?

would like意思是想要,后跟名词,代词,动词不等式.如:I'd like a cup of tea.Would you like some bananas?I'd like to have another book.

would like sb. to do sth.意思是想要某人做某事,如:He'd like me to help him with his maths.

would you like sth.?用来表示邀请某人吃喝或用什么东西,它的答语为:Yes,please.\No,thanks.

would you like to do sth.?用来表示邀请某人做某事,它的答语为:(yes),I'd like\love to.\I'm afraid not...\I'd love to ,but...等.

2.Would you please lend me your green marker?

would you please+动词原形?表示请你...好吗?

lend是借进,常用lend sth. to sb.其反义词为borrow,常用borrow sth. from sb.,如He borrowed a car from his friend.He lent his bike to his neighbour.

3.Don't forget to draw the sun.

forget to do sth.意思是忘记去做某事,forget doing sth.意思是忘了做过某事,如:Don't forget to close the window before you beave. He forgot closing the window,so he went back to close it again. He forgot to turn off the light,so it was on the whole night.

4.After you plant a plant in a pot,what do you do next?

plant是一个兼类词,既可以作动词,也可以作名词.plant a plant表示种植物.类似的兼类词还有:

work;water;push等.

lesson10

1.Flowers,leaves and stems grow above ground.Roots grow below ground.

above是介词,表示在...上方,比...还高.与below相反.如:The plane is flying above the clouds. Today's temperature is 10 degrees below zero.

over是在...正上方,或覆盖在...上面,如:There is a lamp above the desk. There is a bridge over the river.

2.Plants have flowers beause the flowers make seeds.

because是连词,表示因为,引导原因状语从句.它不能和so连用,如:She didn't come to school because she was sick.=She was sick so she didn't come to school.

3.The seeds of the rice plant feed billions of people.

hundred,thousand,million,billion等词前有具体数字时,用单数形式,直接修饰名词;表示一个笼统的概念时,用复数形

式,后面要与介词of连用再接名词.如:He has three hundred books. He has read hundreds of books.

lesson11

1.You need to look after it.

look after=take care of意思是照顾,如:I have to look after the baby. Can you look after yourself?

2.Plants use sunlight to make food.

to make food是不定式,表示目的,如:Li Ming went to Beijing to see his uncle.

3.Gardens are full of plants.

be full of...表示盛满...,装满....如:The room is full of people. These bottles are full of water.

4.In spring,people put covers over plants to keep them warm at night.

cover用作动词意思是覆盖,遮盖,cover...with...表示用..把...覆盖上,如:He covered his face with a scarf. be covered with...被...覆盖着.如:The road is usually covered with snow.

cover还可以用作名词,表示覆盖物,封面.如:The book needs a new cover.

keep sb.\sth.+adj.表示使某人或某物处于某种状态.如:We should keep our classroom clean. He likes doing things to keep himself busy. Let's keep the windows open.

5.Windows are made of glass.

be made of ...意思是由...制成,在制成的过程中原材料没有发生质的变化.

be made from...意思是由...制成,在制成的过程中原材料发生了质的变化.如:My desk is made of wood. Books are made of paper. Paper is made from wood. Wine is made from wheat.

lesson12

1.One group sings the purple words ,and the other group sings the black words.

one...,the other...意思是一个...另一个...,如:She has two cats.One is white,the other is black.

2.The prettiest plant...

prettiest是pretty的最高级,如:He is the tallest boy and she is the prettiest girl.

3.That you ever did see.

did see在此相当于saw,did放在动词原形前起加强语气的作用,如:She does study hard. I do like computer games. They did go to have a picnic yesterday.

4.As the stem grows,it makes leaves.

as 在本句中表示当...时候,引导时间状语从句.如:He went out as I came in.

lesson13

1.Trees help clean the air.It's pleasant to walk among the trees.

pleasant,pleased都是形容词,表示高兴的,快乐的.pleasant常用来形容事物,而pleased常用来形容人,如:I am very pleased you've decided to come.

among介词,表示在...(三者以上)之间,between介词,表示在两者之间.

2.Donuts don't grow on trees.

on trees=on the tree表示树本身所有物在树上;in the tree表示外来物在树上;如:There are some birds in the tree. There are many apples on the tree.

3.Then we can sit under a tree in the shade.

in the shade是介词短语,意思是在阴凉处.类似的短语有in the sun;in the light;

4.All plants take energy from the sun and make it into food.

make...into...意思是把...制成...,如:We can make the tree into paper. We can make cotton into cloth.

make还可以构成如下短语be made of\from\by\in等

5.Without food,they would have nothing to eat and they would die.

without是介词,意思是没有,不,如He went to school without breakfast. He left without saying goodbye. Fish can't live without water.

lesson14

1.There are about eighty thousand different plants in the world that people can eat.

that people can eat是定语从句,修饰plants,that是关系代词,引导定语从句,并代指plants,也可以用which来引导.当被修饰的名词是人时,可以用who,that,如I like the present that you gave me. This is the most interesting book that I've ever read. The woman who is babysitting the baby is my aunt.

2.But half of the world's food comes from only three plants:race,corn and wheat.

half of... 意思是...中的一半,当它所指代的是不可数名词时,代表单数.如果后面所接的是可数名词的复数,那么它所代表的也是复数概念.如Half of his money was spent on books. Half of the books here are in English. Half of the students in our class like math.

all of...;a quarter of...和它类似.

3.Doctors use medicine to help sick people.

use...to do sth.意思是用...来做...,如We use our feet and legs to walk.

sick是形容词,意思是有病的,患病的,可作定语和表语;ill也是形容词,意思相同,但只能作表语;如His mother was sick\ill in bed. There are many sick people in the doctor's waiting room.

4.Do you have a hat made of straw?

made of straw是过去分词短语作后置定语,表示被动;如Do you know the boy named peter? This is the camera

bought in japan.

lesson15

1.I have a lot to write about today.

to write 作后置定语,修饰a lot,表示没有做,要去做的动作.如I have nothing to say. They found a room to live in. She has no pen to write with.

2.Now sth.new is growing at the top of the stem.

sth.是不定代词,应看作第三人称单数.形容词修饰它时应作后置定语.如Sth.is wrong with his computer. There is sth. important in today's newspaper.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/871734191.html,ter,the head will turn into wheat seeds.

turn into... 意思是变成...如Water can turn into ice.

turn...into...意思是把...变成...,如Heat turns water into vapor蒸汽.

相关的短语有change into...,change....into....

Unit 3

lesson17

1.She plays with me when I come home from school.

play with...意思是与...玩,玩弄...如Don't play with fire ,it's dangerous.

2.I will keep him under my desk.

keep的意思是使某人\某物保持某种状态或某地位.如If your hands are cold,keep them in your pockets. These gloves will keep your hands warm. I'm sorry to keep you waiting. You can't keep ducks in the classroom.

keep 还有饲养...的意思,如He keeps bees ,goats and hens on his farm.

3.I will need to plant a tree in my bedroom.

在肯定句中动词need通常用作行为动词,如They need to finish the project on time. You need to take an umbrella with you.

在否定句和疑问句中,need即可用作行为动词,也可以用作情态动词,如You needn't finish that work today.=You don't need to finish that work today. Do you need to go out?=Need you go out?

need 还可以用作名词,如There is a great need for a new book on this subject. There is no deed for you to start yet.

lesson18

1.He was talking to my mum.

was\were+doing是过去进行时,表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作.如He wasn't watching the hamburgers at that time. He was cooking supper when I got home.

lesson19

1.The zoo is open.

open是形容词,意思是开放的,可进入的.如This garden is open to the public.

open还可以表示开着的,营业的,等.如He slept in the room with the window open last night. The shop isn't open on sundays. His coat was open. The cages are big and open.

2.It has all kinds of animals.

all kinds of 意思是各种各样的,如All kinds of plants were displayed.

different kinds of...不同种类的...;a kind of ...一种....;

3.We'll need our caps to protect us from the sun.

protect sb.\sth. against\from sth.意思是保护\保卫某人或某物不受...的侵害.如I was wearing a fur coat to protect myself from the cold. Winter wheat lying under snow is protected against the cold.

4.Zoos can help people to stop animals from going extinct.

stop sb. from doing sth.意思是阻止某人做某事,在主动语态中from可以省去,在被动语态中from不可省去.如Please don't stop him(from) playing basketball. He was stopped from playing basketball. We all tried to stop him(from) smoking in bed.

lesson20

1.I am at the zoo watching all the animals,I want to make friends with one today.

at the zoo在动物园,也可用作in the zoo.

make friends with...表示与...交朋友.

2.Throw some food to the ducks by the water.

Stand so still while they waddle my way.

by是介词,意思是在...旁边,在...附近.如:My house is by the river.

still可以作形容词,意思是静止的,不动的;如:Keep still while I comb your hair.Please stand still while I take your photograph.

still还可以作副词,意思是还,仍然,仍旧;如:He is still sleeping.The fist is still alive.

while是连词,意思是当...的时候;如:I met a friend while I was walking down the street.

3.I want an animal friend that likes to jump and run,too.

that likes to jump and run是定语从句,修饰先行词an animal friend.

被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词.先行词是人时,关系词通常用that或who\whom;先行词是事物时,关系词通常用that或which;关系词在从句中除作状语外,可以省去.如:Edison was a man who never gave up. She is the girl whom I met at the party.This is the house where(=in which) I lived last year. I know the boy whose father is a teacher. The house which stands on the hill is mine.

lesson21

1.They go through the entrance.

through介词,意思是(从...内部)穿过.across指(从...表面上)横过.如:I walked across the square to the museum. We walked through the forest.

2.Maybe photos would surprise the animals.

maybe意思是大概,或许.如:Maybe he doesn't know it's spring. Maybe you put the letter in your pocket.

情态动词may和系动词be一起也可以表示可能是...的意思.如:You may be right. I can't find my watch.It may be in your pocket.

3.Then don't take photos of me.

take photos of sb.意思是给某人照相.

4.It's nearly noon,and he's still sleeping.

nearly是副词,意思是几乎,差不多.如:Hurry up--it's nrarly time for school.

nearly和almost都表示几乎,差不多.在多数情况下,两者之间没有什么差别.一般来说almost所表达的程度比nearly更接近一些.另外,nearly不能用于修饰否定词,但可被not修饰;而almost可以和否定词连用.

5.That's where we go out.

where we go out.是表语从句,where是引导词.这样的词还有:wh-,that,because等.如:That's what he said.

That's why I am so worried. The question is whether our parents will agree. The problem is which is heavier. She looked as if she were a doctor.

lesson22

1.Let's play a joke on someone today.

play a joke on sb.意思是开某人的玩笑,戏弄某人.如:We all play a joke on him.

have a joke with sb.意思是与某人一起开某人的玩笑.如:I stopped to have a joke with him.

make a joke about\of sb.\sth.意思是拿某人(事)开玩笑.如:Don't make a joke about him\his shortcomings.

2.Let's tell Danny that the bear got out of the zoo.

get out (of sth.)意思是从...里出来.

另外,这个短语还可以表示出外走走.如We love to get out into the countryside at weekends.

You ought to get out of your house more.

get out of sth.\doing sth.意思是逃避责任或义务,不做份内的事,（使某人）放弃、停止或戒除（习惯等）。如I wish

I could get out of going to that meeting. I can't get out of the habit of waking at six in the morning.

3.We heard it on the radio.

on\over the radio意思是通过无线电广播。类似的短语有on the telephone;on TV.

4.There's a fierce bear coming.

coming为现在分词，作bear的定语，有正在到来的意思，相当于定语从句that is coming.如There is a bag lying on the ground.There are some boys playing football over there.

5.You are joking,aren't you?

该句是反意疑问句。反意疑问句由两部分组成。前一部分是陈述句，后一部分是简短问句，中间用逗号隔开。前后两部分遵循两个一致，一个相反原则。如The pen is yours,isn't it? He isn't a doctor,is he? Your brother can swim,can't he? You don't study Chiese,do you? He never watches TV,does he?

There won't be any meetings next week,will there?

6.We tricked out you,Danny!

trick是动词，意思是欺骗，欺诈。如The young man tricked me out of 50 yuan.

trick sb. out of +钱数。表示骗取某人多少钱。

lesson23

1.One of the world's first zoos was in Egypt,about 3500 years ago.

ago作副词表示从现在算起的以前；before作副词可表示从过去某一刻算起的以前。如I met him three days ago. I said I had met him three days before.

before后接时间点，可用于任何时态。如She got to the office before five o'clock. We hope to get home before six o'clock.

2.No other people could go.

no other people可以说成nobody else.如Nobody else could go there except kings,queens and important people.

3.Egypt is famous for its pyramids.

be famous\well-known for意思是以...著名;以...闻名.如France is famous for its food and wine.

The place is fomous for its hot springs.

be famous as...意思是作为...职业\身份而著名.如He is famous as a writer.

4.People went to the zoo to learn about animals.

to learn about animals是动词不定式作目的状语.如He came to give us a talk yesterday. I went to the park to breathe the fresh air.

5.Zoos are the only places that some kinds of animals live in.

that some kinds of animals live in是定语从句,修饰先行词the only places.由于先行词前有only,所以关系词只能用that.

Unit 4

lesson25

1.I fill a jar with water.

fill...with...意思是用...装满...

be filled with...=be full of...意思是充满...如On hearing the news,her eyes are filled with tears. They filled the hole with water.

fill in... 意思是填上...;填充...;如Fill in the blanks.

2.Then,I turn the jar upside down.

upside down意思是向下翻转过来如That picture is upside down.You hold the book upside down.

right side up 意思是正面朝上.

3.I think the floor will get wet.

get作系动词,意思是变得,后跟形容词作表语.如The day gets longer in spring.

与get相关的词组有:

get along\on(well) with...与...(和睦)相处.如I am getting along\on well with my classmates.

get away from...意思是逃跑.如The thief got away from the police.

get back意思是返回;要回或拿回.如After a long holiday,he had to get back to work.Please get the book back for me.

get into...意思是上车.如He got into the car.

get off...意思是下车;从...下来.如He got off the train.

get up意思是起床;起身;站起.如He suddenly got up from the chair.I usually get up at six in the morning.

get together意思是集合;团聚.如We will get together at the school gate and go to the park.

get through意思是用电话联系上... 如I often get through to my friends.

get to...意思是到达... 如We will get to Beijing tomorrow.He will get home by four o'clock this afternoon.

4.I'm sure the floor won't get wet.

sb.be sure+that从句,意思是认为...一定....否定形式是sb. be sure+疑问词引导的从句.如Tom is sure that he will win the game.Tom is not sure whether he can win the game.I'm not sure when he'll come here.

5.We can prove who's right.

prove是及物动词,意思是证明,证实.常用于以下结构:prove sth.(to sb.);prove(to sb.)that...;prove...(to be)+adj\n.如The fact has proved the man's honesty to us all.=The fact has proved to us all that the man is honest.=The fact has proved the man (to be) honest.

prove也可以作不及物动词,意思是证明\表明(自己)是...,后跟形容词或名词.如My theory will prove right some day.During the trip,he proved a man with a strong will.

6.We'll do the experiment and observe what will happen.

observe是动词,意思是观察.observe sb. do\doing sth.如I observed her dance.When I passed by the grass,I observed him walking.

lesson26

1.I will ask the class to make observations and guess what will happen.

make observations意思是观察.如While doing experiments,you must make careful observations.

这个短语还有做观察报告,评述,评论的意思.如Our geography teacher has just made some interesting observations on Africa.

observation也可以用作不可数名词.如She is in hospital under observation.

lesson27

1.Next,Brian will take his hand off the cardboard.

take sth. off sth.意思是使某物离开或脱离...如Would you mind taking your foot off my hand?

take off意思是起飞;脱下;匆忙离去.如The plane took off at 7 a.m. Take off your shoes,please.

He took off for the station in a hurry.

2.The force is strong enough to hold the water.

adj\adv+enough to do sth.意思是足够...以至于能做某事.如The boy is old enough to go to school.=The boy is so old that he can go to school.=He is such an old boy that he can go to school.

enough作副词,要放在被修饰的形容词和副词之后;作形容词,通常放在被修饰的名词之前.如This hall is large enough to hold two thousand people.He walks fast enough to be here in time.He doesn't have enough money to go for traveling.I'm soory,but I haven't enough time to do the job.

3.Air is stronger than I thought!

than可作连词或介词,用于引入比较级的后半部分,表示比...;如She is a better player than she was last year.He is taller than me.He gets up earlier than I(do).

rather than意思是宁愿...,不愿...;与其...不如... 如I would rather stay at home than go out.

4.Put eight spoonfuls of cornstarch into the bowl.

spoonful是可数名词,意思是一勺的量.如 a spoonful of sugar.类似的还有two cupfuls of milk; a few mouthfuls of tea; a handful of flowers.

lesson28

1.That tastes so great.

taste作系动词,后接形容词作表语,意思是尝起来...如The meat tastes good.It tastes better than looks.

2.And I will eat until my plate is empty.

延续性动词+until\till...表示一直...直到...为止.如You'd better wait until he comes back. I will watch TV until my father comes back.我一直看电视直到我爸爸回来为止.

瞬间性动词\延续性动词+not+until\till...表示直到...才...如I won't watch TV until my father comes back.我直到爸爸回来才看电电视.I didn't go to bed until my father came back.我直到爸爸回来才睡觉.He didn't go out until he finished his homework.他直到完成作业才出去.

另,until\till作连词时,引导时间状语从句,当主句是一般将来时时,从句要用一般现在时来代替.如I shall wait here until he arrives.I will wait until he returns.

lesson29

1.Danny is at the park.

at the park=in the park

2.Debbie will have fun looking for them.

have fun相当于enjoy oneself意思是玩得高兴,过得愉快.如We had lots of fun on the sportsground today.=We enjoyed ourselves very much on the sportsground today.

have fun doing sth.表示做某事有乐趣.

It is(not) fun to do\doing sth.=There is much\no fun in doing sth.意思是做...有(无)乐趣.如It is fun to cook a meal myself.=There's much fun in cooking a meal myself.There is not much fun in going to a party alone.=It's not fun to go to

a party along.

3.I can't make eggs.

make eggs意思是产卵,下蛋.还可以说成lay eggs.

4.Can you find them?

辨析:find,look for,find out,hunt for

find强调找的结果,意思是找到.如He found his lost pen.

look for 强调动作的过程,意思是寻找.如He is looking for his lost pen.

find out 强调(经过一番努力之后)找到...;查明....At last,they found out who stole the bike.

hunt for sb.\sth.意思是寻找某人或某物.与look for同义.如The police are hunting for the thief.

5.Now my basket is full of eggs.

be full of...意思是充满...=be filled with...如The bus is full of people.=The bus is filled with people.

lesson30

1.Fill the dish half full of water.

half是副词,意思是部分地,一半地,差不多.如The bottle is only half full.

half也可作形容词,名词,意思是半个的,一半的,一半.如half a year=a half year;half an hour=a half hour;Half of them are already here. Two halves make a whole.

2.To make a candle burn,you "light" it.

make\let\have sth.\sb. do sth.意思是使某物或某人做某事.如Let the candle burn for two or three minutes.

3.As the candle burns,it uses up oxygen in the air.

1)as作连词的各种用法

as...as...结构中第二个as是连词,它往往连接一个不完整的句子,表示比较,意思是和...一样...;像...一样....如John is as healthy as his sister.

表示方式,意思是像,按照,如同.如Run as I do.Leave it as it is.

表示时间,意思是当...的时候,一边...一边...,随着.如She sang as she worked.I saw him as he was getting off the bus.You will grow wiser as you grow older.

表示原因,意思是因为.如As you are tired,you bad better rest.

表示让步,意思是虽然,尽管.如Rich as he is ,he is not happy.Much as I like it,I will not buy it.

2)use sth. up意思是用尽...,利用...;如She used up the chicken bones to make soup.When the candle stops burning,it has used up all the oxygen in the air.

4.There is about one-fifth oxygen in the air,so the water rises and fills about one-fifth of the jar.分数的表达形式:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1,分母加s.概括为口诀:分子基,分母序.分子>1,分母加s.如1/2=one/a half=one second=one-second;1/3=one third=one-third;2/3=two thirds=two-thirds;

1/4=one/a quarter=one-quarter;3/4=three quarters=three-quarters;3/5=three fifths=three-fifths;

5.The candleholder is "holding" the candle.

hold为动词,意思是拿,抓,握,抱,保持,容纳.如Shall I hold your bag?He held a book in his hand.

He held his head up.I don't think the car will hold you all.

lesson31

1.Do you want to surprise your friends?

surprise是动词,意思是使惊奇,使感到意外.如It surprised me to see so many people here.

它还可以作名词,意思是惊奇,惊讶,诧异,意外之事.常用的有两个短语:to one's surprise;in surprise.如To my surprise the plan succeeded.She looked up in surprise when I entered.

surprise对应的形容词有两个:surprised和surprising.

surprised意思是感到惊奇的.如We are surprised at the news.Are you surprised,class?We were surprised to learn that he was French.

surprising意思是使人惊讶的,出人意料的,惊人的.如We knew the surprising fact.We are surprised at the surprising news.

2.The cardboard will hold the water up.

hold the water up=keep the water in the jar.

3.It pushes down on us from above.It also pushes up on us from below.In the experiment,air pushes up on the cardboard. pushes up/down on sb./sth.意思的向上或下推在...上;给...一个向上或下的推动力.

3.Science is interesting.

interesting形容词,意思是有趣的.常用来形容事物.如It's an interesting story.

interested形容词,意思是对...感兴趣.常用来形容人.如Are you interested in history?

be/become interested in sth./doing sth.对(做)...感兴趣.如We became interested in the interesting story.

Unit 5

lesson33

1.I can go almost anywhere on foot.

anywhere在否定句中表示什么地方,某地.相当于由somewhere变化而来.如Did you go anywhere yesterday? anywhere在肯定句中表示任何地方.如You can go anywhere you like.

2.But that would take a long time.

这里would表示假想,猜测,推断.如I know you wouldn't get lost.

take表示花费,常用于句型:It takes/took sb.+时间或钱+to do sth.如It takes us three hours to fly to Guangzhou.

take还可以表示乘坐....如I would take a train. Shall I take a plane to the bakery?

3.I seldom take a ship.I would like a more rapid type of transportation.

seldom意思是很少,不常,难得.一般不用比较级和最高级,可用very修饰.在句首时,句子要倒装.如Seldom did I hear of her last year=I seldom heard of her last year.

more rapid=rapider是rapid的比较级,意思是更快的.

type=kind,意思是类型,种类,样式.如Cotton is a type of material.I don't enjoy that type of show.

lesson34

1.In the 1760s,a scientist in England invented a way to put steam engines and wheels together.

in the 1760s意思是在18世纪60年代,也就是1760年-1769年.如the 1990s 其前要用介词in

invent是动词,意思是发明.其对应的名词是invention和inventor.如The inventor invented two new inventions last year.

put...together意思是装配,组成,凑成,把...组装起来.如Let's put a team together.

put two and two together意思是(根据所见或所闻等)推测出真相.

put our/your/their heads together意思是交流思想,交换意见,合议.

2.Many train stations were built to make it easier for passengers to get on and off the trains.

get on/off...意思是上下(公共汽车,火车,轮船,飞机等);

get in(to)/out of...意思是上/下小汽车,电梯等

3.Early trains,like the Rocket,had a top speed of 50 kilometres per hour.

top在这里是名词作定语,意思是顶部的,最高的,最上面的.如Put it in the top drawer.

top speed意思是最高速度.如The train is running at top speed.

per意思是每,每一.如one apple per child.The fruit costs 3 yuan per kilo.

lesson35

1.In 1900,planes hadn't been invented.

had been invented是过去完成时的被动语态,意思是在...时以前,已经被发明.否定形式在had后加not,可缩写为hadn't.过去完成时的被动语态的结构是:had+been+动词的过去分词.如The classroom had been cleaned before we got to the school./the meal had been cooked when we reached home.

2.How will people travel 100 years from now?

100 years from now=in 100 years意思是在100年后,用于一般将来时.如How many people will there be on the earth 50 years from now?=How many people will there be on the earth in 50 years?

3.You'd better not invent that,Danny!

you'd是you had的缩写形式,had better (not) do sth.意思是最好(不)做某事.如You'd better not smoke here.They'd better finish the work at once.

4.Henryford liked to be humorous and say,"You can have it in any colour you want,as long as it's black."

as long as意思是只要.相当于if,引导条件状语从句.如We will go fishing as long as it doesn't rain tomorrow.I will do it at once as long as you agree.

lesson36

1.Let's take a drive.

take a drive=drive意思是驾驶...

take a+n=v.类似的还有:take a walk=walk;take a look=look;take a rest;take a swim=swim等.

2.get out of the car...

get out of...意思是从...出来,其反义短语为get into...

另外,get out of...还有使逃避,避免,摆脱,放弃等意思.如She tried to get out of helping her mother.

The teacher asked the boy to get out of a bad habit.

lesson37

1.Danny has thought of a new kind of transportation.

think of意思是思考,考虑,想起,想出.如What do you think of my singing?I can't think of his name at the moment.

2.Will Danny's invention really work?

work在这里的意思是(计划)行得通,(机器等)能运转,(方法)奏效.如The plan won't work.Your idea won't work in practice.

lesson38

1.It would go really fast and the ride would be so smooth.

ride是名词,意思是骑马/乘车旅行.如He went for a ride in his car.

smooth是形容词,意思是平稳的,不颠簸的,无摇晃的.如a smooth ride in a good car.

smooth还有光滑的,平坦的,平静的,顺利的,无困难的,流畅的等意思.

2.Well,I think a transporter would make you into energy.

make...into...意思是把...变成...如The child made a piece of paper into a model plane.

3.In these shows,people use transporters all the time.

all the time意思是总是,一直.

关于time的短语还有:at the time在那时;at the same time同时;at times=sometimes有时;in time及时;on time按时;in no time=at once立刻;It's time for sth./to do sth.是(做)某事的时间了.

lesson39

1.We had to think of an invention,and present it to the class.

这里present是动词,意思是介绍,展现,表现.如May I present Mr.Robinson to you?He always presents a calm smiling face. Money presents no fifficulty to them.金钱对他们来说不是问题.

2.That sounds like a fun project.

sound用作系动词,表示听起来,似乎,后接形容词,名词或介词like等.如The answer sounds right.Your idea sounds a good one.He sounds just the person we want to see.It sounds like the singing of birds.

sound作名词指各种声音.如the sound of music

3.I hope your presentation goes well.

go在这里的意思是进展,进行.如The hours went slowly.I hope everything goes well.

Unit 6

lesson41

1.Now you can connect to the Internet.

connect to...意思是连接到...如It's easy to connect to the two islands.

be connected with...和...有关如Are you connected with the matter?

connect...to/with...意思是把...和...连接起来.相当于join...to...如Connect the fridge to the electricity supply.接通冰箱的电源.The bridge connects the city to the town.

2.Let's turn on the computer.

turn on意思是打开(电源),拧开(开关).如Turn on the light,please.It's dark here.

其反义词组是turn off.如Turn off the radio,It's too noisy.

由turn构成的句型和短语还有:turn up/down;turn right/left;turn over;turn to;It's one's turn to do sth.等.

3.The computer makes a noise.

make a noise意思是吵闹,发出噪声.如Don't make a noise.The baby is sleeping.

noise,sound,voice的区别:noise指巨大的声音,噪声.sound可以指任何声音.voice指人的嗓音.

4.Then the screen says,"Connect failed.Try again."

fail意思是失败,不及格.fail (in) sth.某事失败了.如He failed (in) his driving test.

fail to do sth.=fail in doing sth.表示做某事失败,没能做成某事.如He failed in passing/to pass the exam.

fail的名词形式是failure,它们对应的反义词分别是succeed和success.如Failure is the mother of success.

lesson42

1.Open your e-mail program.

这句为祈使句,以动词原形开头,表示请求,建议,命令等口气.其否定形式在动词原形前面加don't.如Stop talking,please!Don't smoke here.

2.Click on that.

click on...意思是点击...如We use a mouse to click on the things that we want to have a look at.

3.Your message will be sent to the person you address.

这句话包含定语从句,而且引导词who/that在从句中作宾语,所以省去了.

4.When you have finished reading a message,click on"close".

finish doing sth.意思是完成做某事.像finish这样,只能跟v+ing作宾语的动词和短语有:enjoy;keep;practise;mind;be busy;can't/couldn't help;have fun等.

5.The box with the message will close--you won't see it anymore.