广东省佛山一中、珠海一中、金山中学2018-2019学年高一下学期期中考试化学试卷(含答案)
广东省佛山一中、珠海一中、金山中学2018-2019学年高一下学期期中考试试题本试卷共8页，24小题，满分100分，考试时间90分钟。
可能会用到的相对原子质量：H:1、C:12、N:14、O:16、Cl:35.5、S:32。
第一部分选择题（共40分）一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项符合题目要求，选对的得2分，选错或不答的得0分。
）1．关于有机物说法正确是的（）A．有机物可分烃和烃的衍生物B．含有碳、氢元素的化合物叫烃C．有机物都不溶于水，但易溶于有机溶剂D．有机物都能燃烧2．下列说法正确的是（）A．只要含有金属元素的化合物一定是离子化合物B．全部元素都由非金属元素构成的化合物一定是共价化合物C．离子化合物一定是电解质D．共价化合物一定是非电解质3．下列各组物质中，化学键类型完全相同的是（）A．SO2和NaOH B．CO2和BF3C．Cl2和HCl D．CH4和NH4F4．下列说法正确的是（）A．双原子单质分子中的共价健一定是非极性键B．含有共价键的化合物一定是共价化合物C．离子化合物中不可能有共价键D．所有物质都存在范德华力5．下列叙述中能肯定说明金属A比金属B的活泼的是（）A．A单质能与B的盐溶液反应B．常温时，A能从稀盐酸中置换出氢，而B不能C．A原子最外层电子数比B原子的最外层电子数少D．1molA从酸中置换生成的H2比1mol B从酸中置换生成的H2多6．X元素的阳离子和Y元素的阴离子的核外电子层结构相同，下列叙述正确的是（）A．离子半径X＞Y B．原子半径X＜YC．原子序数X＜Y D．原子最外层电子数X＜Y7．根据元素周期律，由下列事实进行归纳推测，推测不合理．．．的是（）事实推测A 12Mg与水反应缓慢，20Ca与水反应较快56Ba(ⅡA族)与水反应会更快B Si是半导体材料，同族的Ge也是半导体材料ⅣA族的元素单质都是半导体材料C HCl在1500℃时分解，HI在230℃时分解HBr的分解温度介于二者之间D Si与H2高温时反应，S与H2加热能反应P与H2在高温时能反应8．下列说法正确的是（）A．最外层电子数大于4的一定是非金属元素B．元素周期表有18纵列，7横行，故有18个族，7个周期C．第ⅠA族就是碱金属D．某ⅡA族元素的原子序数为a，则和其同周期ⅢA的元素的原子序数可能为a+119．如图是一个一次性加热杯的示意图。
当水袋破裂时，水与固体碎块混合，杯内食物温度逐渐上升。
制造此加热杯可选用的固体碎块是（）A．食盐B．硝酸铵C．生石灰D．硫酸镁10．下列措施是为了降低化学反应速率的是（）A．制氢气时用粗锌而不用纯锌B．双氧水制氧气时加入少量二氧化锰C．试管中进行镁和水反应时，稍微加热D．用盐酸制二氧化碳气体时用大理石块不用碳酸钙粉末11．下列对化学反应限度的叙述中，不正确．．．的是A．任何可逆反应在给定的条件下的进程都有一定的限度，不同反应的限度不同B．可逆反应的最大转化率不能达到100%，所以可逆反应不容易发生C．化学反应达到平衡时，反应物和生成物的浓度均不再改变，但物质间的转化仍在进行D．改变反应条件，化学反应限度可能改变12．如图所示装置中，观察到电流计指针偏转，M棒变粗，N棒变细，由此判断表中所列M、N、P物质，其中可以成立的是（）选项M N PA 锌铜稀硫酸B 铜铁稀盐酸C 银锌硝酸银溶液D 锌铁硝酸铁溶液Pb+PbO2+4H++2SO42- =2PbSO4+2H2O则下列说法不正确．．．的是（）A．电池工作时，负极反应为：Pb－2e－= Pb2+B．铅蓄电池是二次电池，充电时电能转化为化学能C．电池工作时，电子由Pb板通过导线流向PbO2板D．电池工作时，溶液中H+移向PbO2板14．将纯锌片．．．和纯铜片按图示方式插入同浓度的稀硫酸中一段时间，下列叙述正确的是（）A．两烧杯中锌片质量均减小，铜片质量均不变B．甲烧杯中锌片和铜片表面均产生气泡，乙烧杯中只有锌片表面产生气泡C．甲烧杯中铜片失去电子，乙烧杯中铜不参与化学反应D．当转移1mol电子时，甲烧杯中产生氢气比乙烧杯中产生的氢气多15．下列关于碱金属元素和卤素的说法中，错误．．的是（）A．钾与水的反应比钠与水的反应更剧烈B．溴单质与水的反应比氯单质与水的反应更剧烈C．随核电荷数的增加，碱金属元素和卤素的原子半径都逐渐增大D．碱金属元素中，锂原子失去最外层电子的能力最弱16．Na2CO3溶液与盐酸反应过程中的能量变化示意图如下，下列选项错误．．的是（）A ．等浓度、等体积的碳酸钠溶液和碳酸氢钠溶液分别与足量的盐酸反应均有气泡产生B ．CO 32－(aq)＋2H ＋(aq)＝CO 2(g)＋H 2O(l) 是放热反应C ．HCO 3－(aq)＋H ＋(aq)＝CO 2(g)＋H 2O(l) 是放热反应D ．CO 2(g)＋H 2O(l)＝H 2CO 3(aq) 是放热反应 17．下列说法正确是的（ ）A ．甲烷不能发生氧化反应B ．甲烷点燃前不需要验纯C ．二氯甲烷有2种同分异构体D ．甲烷和异丁烷互为同系物 18．下列各对物质中属于同分异构体的是（ ） A ．126C 与136CB ．O 2与O 3C ．CH 3CHCH 2CH 3CH 3与C CH 3CH 3CH 3CH 3D ．C CH 3HH CH 3与C CH 3H CH 3H19．一定温度和压强下，在2 L 的密闭容器中合成氨气：N 2(g)+3H 2(g)2NH 3(g) 。
在反应过程中反应物和生成物的物质的量随时间的变化如图所示。
下列说法错误．．的是：（ ）A ．0～10 min 内，以NH 3表示的平均反应速率为0.005 mol • L -1• min -1B ．10～20 min 内，NH 3浓度变化的原因可能是加入催化剂或缩小容器体积C ．该反应在20 min 时达到化学平衡状态D ．N 2的平衡转化率与H 2平衡转化率相等 20．下列说法中正确的是（ ）A ．对于吸热反应，生成物总能量一定低于反应物总能量B ．石墨和金刚石完全燃烧的化学方程式均可表示为“C+O 2CO 2”，故相同条件下，12g 的石墨和金刚石充分燃烧放出的热量相等C ．一定条件下，0.5 mol N 2和1.5 mol H 2置于某密闭容器中充分反应生成NH 3，放热19.3 kJ ，据此实验事实可知：该条件下，每生成1mol NH3，放热19.3 kJD．4 HCl(g)＋O2(g)＝2Cl2(g)＋2H2O(g)是放热反应，Cl-Cl键和O=O键的键能分别为243kJ/mol和498kJ/mol，则可推算出H-O键的键能比H-Cl键的键能大第二部分非选择题（60分）二、非选择题(共60分，第21题12分，第22题16分，第23题14分，第24题18分)21．（12分）某课外活动小组利用如图所示装置探究甲烷与氯气的反应。
根据题意，回答下列问题：（1）CH4与Cl2发生反应的条件是漫射光照射；若用日光直射，可能会引起______________。
（2）实验中可观察到的实验现象有：量筒内壁出现油状液滴，饱和食盐水中有少量固体析出，_________________________，_________________________等。
（3）实验中生成的油状液滴的化学式为____________________________。
（4）请写出其中生成一氯甲烷的化学方程式________________________________。
（5）用饱和食盐水而不用水的原因是____________________________________。
22．（16分）（1）随原子序数的递增，八种短周期元素x、y、z、d、e、f、g、h原子半径的相对大小、最高正价或最低负价的变化如图所示。
根据判断出的元素回答下列问题：①比较y、z、d的气态氢化物的稳定性强弱是：＞＞（用化学式表示）②由表中两种元素的原子按1：1组成的化合物A，A中既含离子键又含非极性共价键，其电子式为；③下列四种元素的原子序数如下，其中不是和f同一主族的是a.5b. 21c. 49d. 81④能表示出g和h元素非金属性强弱的离子方程式是；能表示出y和h最高价氧化物的水化物的酸性强弱的离子方程式是。
（2）F、Cl、Br、I位于周期表的VIIA族。
通过下列实验比较出卤族氧化性的强弱。
实验如下：①通过卤素间置换反应比较氧化性强弱的实验是 。
（填写1、2、3、4） ②滴加CCl 4的目的是 。
③上述实验能否说明氯的氧化性强于溴？判断并说明你的依据 。
23．（14分）（1）利用原电池装置可以验证Fe 3+与Cu 2+氧化性相对强弱，如下图所示。
该方案的实验原理是自发进行的氧化还原反应可以设计为原电池。
写出该氧化还原反应的离子方程式：____________________________________________。
该装置中的负极材料是______（填化学式），正极反应式是____________________。
（2）某研究性学习小组为证明2Fe 3++2I －⇌2Fe 2++I 2为可逆反应，设计如下两种方案。
方案一：取5mL0.1mol/LKI 溶液，滴加2mL0.1mol/L 的FeCl 3溶液，再继续加入2mLCCl 4，充分振荡、静置、分层，再取上层清液，滴加KSCN 溶液。
①方案一中能证明该反应为可逆反应的现象是___________________________。
②有同学认为方案一设计不够严密，即使该反应为不可逆反应也可能出现上述现象，其原因是（用离子方程式表示）____________________________________________。
方案二：设计如下图原电池．．．装置，接通灵敏电流计，指针向右偏转（注：灵敏电流计指针总是偏向电源正极），随着时间进行电流计读数逐渐变小，最后读数变为零。
当指针读数变零后，在右管中加入1mol/L FeCl 2溶液。
③方案二中，“读数变为零”是因为__________________________.④“在右管中加入1mol/L FeCl 2溶液”后，观察到灵敏电流计的指针______偏转（填“向左”、“向右”或“不”），可证明该反应为可逆反应。
24．（18分）汽车尾气中含有CO、NO等有害气体。
（1）汽车尾气中NO生成过程的能量变化如图示。
1molN2和1molO2完全反应生成NO会________（填“吸收”或“放出”）________kJ能量。
（2）通过NO传感器可监测汽车尾气中NO的含量，其工作原理如图所示：（提示：O2-可在此固体电解质中自由移动）①NiO电极上发生的是___________反应（填“氧化”或“还原”）。
广东省佛山一中、珠海一中、金山中学2018-2019学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题
绝密★启用前广东省佛山一中、珠海一中、金山中学2018-2019学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题试卷副标题注意事项：1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第I 卷（选择题)请点击修改第I 卷的文字说明 一、单项选择1．One of our rules is that every student _______ wear school uniform while at school. A ．might B ．could C ．shallD ．will2．Our school makes _______ a rule that students______ bring their mobile phones to campus. A ．it; needn’t B ．it; mustn’t C ．that; mustn’tD ．that; needn’t3．Something terrible _______ if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant ______ he always did.A ．must have happened; whatB ．could have happened; asC ．must have happened; asD ．could have happened; what4．It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some _________ over 90 meters. A ．are measured B ．are measured C ．measuredD ．measuring5．The fact is ______ I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand, which ______ my appearance. A ．that; accounts forB ．\; accounts forC ．how; give an explanation toD ．\; give an explanation to6．How happy we are! The holiday we have been looking forward _______ at last.试卷第2页，总14页A ．to has comeB ．having comeC ．to having comeD ．has come7．It is not always easy for the public to see ________ use a new invention can be of to human life.A ．whoseB ．whatC ．whichD ．that8．Evidence has been found through years of study _______ children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up. A ．whether B ．how C ．thatD ．why9．You are saying that everyone should take equal responsibility, and that is _______ I disagree. A ．why B ．where C ．whatD ．how10．_______ is no doubt _______ Shanghai Book Traders will make greater and greater contributions to the development of Shanghai. A ．It; that B ．There; what C ．There; thatD ．It; what11．_________ the Silk Road cov ered a huge distance ________ modern day Xi’an with the Middle East and Europe, today one area in particular is associated with the name of the Silk Road.A ．Why; linkingB ．Why; linkedC ．Although; linkedD ．Although; linking12．It ________ long before we ________ the result of the experiment. A ．will not be; will know B ．is; will know C ．will not be; knowD ．is know13．One can always manage to do more things, no matter ________ full one’s schedule is in life. A ．where B ．when C ．whatD ．how14．You have to take some necessities such as ropes, a flash, boots, ________ you may get lost in the mountain if going hiking. A ．in case B ．in order that C ．now thatD ．so that15．Some great people said it was their primary school teachers and their lessons _______ they were fond of ________ influenced their whole lives. A ．which; that B ．that; which C ．which; whichD ．that; that16．This is the small house less than 15 square meters, under _______ roof lives a large family of three generations. A ．which B ．whose C ．asD ．that17．Biarni was hoping to join his father _______ was with Eric, but he was blown off course and found himself in an unknown land, ________ he eventually reached Greenland. A ．who; from whereB ．who; from whichC ．what; from whereD ．what; from which18．Today, the Xinjiang Autonomous Region remains an international crossroad ________ traders from surrounding countries, and tourists from all over the world regular meet. A ．whose B ．where C ．whenD ．why19．Paper cuts used for religious purposes ________ as offerings to the dead. People ________ whom the dead person was related would make these offerings on special days. A ．are used; to B ．using; to C ．are used; forD ．using; for20．Michael put up a picture of Lionel Messi beside the bed to keep himself _______of his own dreams. A ．reminding B ．to remind C ．reminded D ．remind二、阅读理解Three magical destinations just one day!试卷第4页，总14页TOUR DETAILS Windsor CastleTime-honored in history, Windsor Castle is proudly located on a wooded hill overlooking the Thames River. Dating back to Norman times, it is famous for sweeping landscaped gardens, which is easy to see why it’s the Queen’s favorite week place. Famous for its architecture and Royal palace, the Castle was built in the 11th century after the Norman invasion. It’s home to priceless artworks and you can visit Queen Mary’s Dolls’ House. Remember don’t miss the ceremony—Changing of the Guards.StonehengeStonehenge is located in the county of Wiltshire. This is your chance to see a side of the world-famous stones that most people don’t get a chance to see! You will never forget your first glimpse of grand Stonehenge with its rocks rising up against the skyline on Salisbury Plain. There are many unsolved mysteries about the rocks. Was Stonehenge intended as a religious temple? A clock for astronomy? A burial ground? Make up your own mind as you explore this unique site that has confused the world for 5, 000 years.BathBeautiful Bath was the first city in England to be added to the UNESCO World Heritage List. No tour of Bath would be complete with a visit to the famous Roman Baths that gave the city its name. This beautifully preserved bathing site still has flowing water from Brain’s only hot spring. You will be amazed by the impressive torch-lighting ceremony as dusk falls. You can also have a taste of Bath’s water in Pump Room, where hot waters are drawn for drinking. 21．If your family (2 adults and 2 children) want to visit Winsor, Bath and Stonehenge, it will cost you at least ________. A ．￡188 B ．￡356 C ．￡168D ．￡34622．Where can visitors see Changing of the Guards? A ．In WinsorCastle. B ．In Bath. C ．In Stonehenge.D ．In Pump Room.23．Where is the passage probably taken from?A．a science fiction novel B．a travelling brochureC．a news report D．a sports magazineWhen I graduated from high school, I wanted to major in comparative literature. But, once I found out my friends were going into “real” majors, like marketing, nursing, and engineering, I figured I needed to do the same to ensure a good career. So I changed my mind and chose Business Management as my major. I forced myself to believe that I would enjoy it and succeed in the future, but eventually I exhausted myself understanding the economy and trying new marketing techniques. Coming out of this experience, I realize it is ok to be different from others and to study things like art history and other majors offered in the College of Humanities（人文学科）!The worries most people have about a Humanities degree and finding a career afterwards are that the majors are too abstract, and one will not obtain any applicable skills. Actually ideas discussed in Humanities classes, which are occasionally different from what people commonly believe, offer a broad perspective（视角）. How could one effectively be an unbiased（无偏见的）writer with only a knowledge of the popular opinion of society? How could one speak persuasively with closed minds? Only seeing the world through a single perspective leads to missed learning, missed friendships, and missed growth! With a broader perspective, we’ll be freer, more open-minded, and less limited in what we can become!STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) graduates learn actual skills in their studies, while humanities majors learn “soft skills” like communicating effectively through writing critically and speaking persuasively, synthesizing（综合）ideas through gathering and interpreting information, and developing cultural awareness. Do those soft skills sound useless and inapplicable to you? Think of it. How often do you communicate with others? Produce ideas? Encounter people from other cultures? Every day. Every SECOND of every day. So why not master these skills?If you choose a major in the College of Humanities, you will be needed. The job market is quietly creating thousands of openings a week for people who can bring a humanist’s grace to our rapidly evolving high-tech future. Your skills will be valuable to any workplace you hope to be in. Chase after your dream major with all your energy, no matter what other people think.24．Why did the author choose Business Management as his major at first?试卷第6页，总14页A ．He was tired of learning comparative literature.B ．He came to enjoy learning marketing techniques.C ．He wanted to go to the same university as his friends.D ．He believed Business Management was more practical.25．According to the author, what is a possible way to gain a broad perspective? A ．Making more friends and learning from them. B ．Exchanging ideas in a philosophy class. C ．Opening your mind to future possibilities. D ．Getting to know the popular opinion of society.26．In which of the following situations do soft skills play the most important role? A ．Writing a software program. B ．Performing a heart operation. C ．Playing a musical instrument.D ．Negotiating with a business partner.27．What could be the best title for the passage? A ．Stick to Your Desired major B ．Broaden Your Perspective C ．How to Acquire Soft Skills D ．Humanities vs. STEMA small school in rural India is gaining attention over the fact that all 300 students are ambidextrous(左右手都灵巧的). Data shows that only one percent of the global population is ambidextrous, but the ambitious founder of Veena V andini School, in Madhya Pradesh, is aiming to change that, starting at a local level.A former soldier and Veena Vandini School founder VP Sharma stated that he was inspired to focus on ambidexterity training by India’s first president Rajendra Prasad who was in office from 1950 to 1962. Unexpectedly, the president was ambidextrous. "I read in a magazine that Dr. Rajendra Prasad, India’s first president, used to write with both hands. This inspired me to give it a try, “Mr. Sharma said.”Later when I launched my school at my native village, I tried training the students. ""We begin training students from standard Ⅰ and by the time they reach standard Ⅲ, they are comfortable writing with both the hands,” Sharma added. "Students of up to standard Ⅶ can write with speed and accuracy. Further, they can write two scripts at the same time, one with each hand. Students also know several languages, including Urdu. "Every 45-minute class at Veena Vandini includes 15 minutes devoted to handwriting practice, ensuring that every student develops the ability to write with both hands. VP Sharmaalso believes that the skill better enables students to learn multiple languages, and has them practice writing the same words in different languages at the same time. Although it is widely believed to help increase concentration, more recent studies have found that this is false and studying to become ambidextrous can, in fact, harm cognitive development.A Scientific American study revealed that ambidextrous children performed worse than left- or right-handers on a range of skills, especially in math, memory, and logical reasoning.A study in northern Finland indicated that children who are ambidextrous are much likelier to develop mental health issues, including ADHD, language problems, and academic problems. 28．What is special about V eena Vandini School?A．It only accepts 300 students yearly.B．It was set up by India’s first president.C．It mainly teaches how to write with both hands.D．It requires students to learn practical living skills29．In which standard can students write quickly and accurately?A．Standard Ⅲ. B．Standard Ⅳ.C．Standard Ⅵ. D．Standard Ⅶ.30．What might most people think of the skill promoted by VP Sharma?A．It helps students fix their attention.B．It does harm to students’ creativity.C．It increases students’ academic stress.D．It inspires students to learn more languages.31．What do the two studies suggest in the last paragraph?A．Kids are reluctant to write with both hands.B．Kids shouldn’t learn to write with both hands.C．Kids who are ambidextrous always fail in the math test.D．Kids who are ambidextrous often have serious mental illnessEssentially, everyone has two ages: a chronological（按时间计算的）age, how old the calendar says you are, and a biological age, basically the age at which your body functions as it compares to average fitness or health levels.“Chronological age isn’t how old we really are. It’s merely a number,” said ProfessorDavid Sinclair at Harvard University. “It is biological age that determines our health and试卷第8页，总14页ultimately our lifespan. We all age biologically at different rates according to our genes, what we eat, how much we exercise, and what environment we live in. Biological age is the number of candles we really should be blowing out. In the future, with advances in our ability to control biological age, we may have even fewer candles on our birthday cake than the previous one.”To calculate biological age, Professor Levine at Yale University identified nine biomarker （生物标志）that seemed to be the most influential on lifespan by a simple blood test. The numbers of those markers, such as blood sugar and immune （免疫的）measures, can be put into the computer, and the algorithm （算式;算法）does the rest.Perhaps what’s most important here is that these measures can be changed. Doctors can take this information and help patients make changes to lifestyle, and hopefully take steps to improve their biological conditions. “I think the most exciting thing about this research is that these things aren’t set in stone,” Levine said. “People can be given the information ear lier and take steps to improve their health before it’s too late.”Levine even entered her own numbers into the algorithm. She was surprised by the results. “I always considered myself a very healthy person. I’m physically active; I eat what I consider a fairly healthy diet. But I did not find my results to be as good as I had hoped they would be. It was a wake-up call,” she said.Levine is working with a group to provide access to the algorithm online so that anyone can calculate their biological age, identify potential risks and take steps to improve their own health in the long run. “No one wants to live an extremely long life with a lot of chronic （慢性的）diseases,” Levine said. “By delaying the development of mental and physical functioning problems, people can still be engaged in society in their senior years. That is the ideal we should be pursuing.”32．Biological age depends on _______.A ．whether we can adapt ourselves to the environmentB ．how well our body works compared with our peers’C ．when we start to take outdoor exerciseD ．what the calendar says about our age33．By saying “we may have even fewer candles on our birthday cake than the previous one” in Para. 2, the author means _______.A ．we don’t have to celebrate our birthday every yearB ．we are chronologically older than last yearC ．we might be less happy than the previous yearD ．we may be biologically younger than the year before34．What does the author want to tell us by Levine’s example in Para. 5? A ．It is necessary to change our diet regularly. B ．The test results may give us wrong information. C ．Waking up early in the morning is good for our fitness. D ．The algorithm can reveal our potential health problems. 35．The eventual goal of Levine’s research is to ______. A ．free people from chronic diseases B ．work out a solution to genetic problems C ．keep people socially active even in old age D ．provide people with access to scientific theory 三、七选五A daily multivitamin may give your well －being an extra benefit ，but if you’ve ever swallowed one and felt sick right after ，you know it’s hardly a pleasant experience. 36．You’re taking vitamins on an empty stomach.Vitamins that are more acid in nature ，like vitamin C ，may cause nausea(恶心)if they’re consumed on an empty stomach. Vitamins A ，D ，E and K ，unlike some others ，may be better absorbed when not taken with food.37．Vitamins are like medicines in that they can act on each other and other medicines you’re taking. 38． Some research suggests that multivitamins could cause side effects when taken at the same time with high estrogen(雌激素)levels.There’s a lot of iron in your pill.Multivitamins that contain a lot of iron or iron supplements themselves can cause nausea. Thi s is especially true if you’re taking them outside of a meal. Iron is interesting in that it’s best absorbed on an empty stomach ，but it’s hardest to take on an empty stomach because of the nausea. 39． It might decrease the absorption a little bit but it’s better than nothing.Allergic reaction side effects.试卷第10页，总14页Since multivitamins contain so many vitamins and minerals ，allergic reactions are certainly possible .Mild allergic reactions can include itchiness(痒) and a few hives(荨麻疹). 40． Should you experience more advanced signs of an allergic reaction ，such as trouble breathing ，chest pain ，widespread hives or a swollen facial region ，visit the closest emergency room immediately.A ．You’re taking vitamins with other medicines.B ．Below are a few reasons why multivitamins may be making you ill.C ．It’s important to discuss with an expert the timing of these vitamins.D ．These stomach issues can be extremely disturbing.E ．It’s better to take it with food than trying taking it on an empty stomach.F ．If you experience these side effects ，stop use and contact your doctor.G ．Please review the combinations to make sure there are no harmful interactions. 四、完形填空“Nature and Nurture”（遗传还是环境）People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behavior are formed. However, it is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another 41 .Social scientists are of course 42 interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain 43 and exhibit certain behavior. There are no clear answers yet, but two 44 schools of thought on the matter have developed. 45 one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debate between 46 of each theory. The controversy(争论) is often referred to as “nature and nurture”.Those who 47 the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our pers onalities and behavior patterns are 48 determined by biological factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is 49 to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory states that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our 50 .Supporters of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, 51 , claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instinctsin determining how wewill act. A behaviorist, B．F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely 52 by their surroundings. The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic（机械论的）. They state that, like machines, humans respond to 53 stimuli(刺激) as the basis of their behavior.Socially and politically, the results of these two theories are 54 . In the US, for example, blacks often score below whites on intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” supporters to conclude that blacks are genetically 55 in status than whites are. Behaviorists, 56 , say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental 57 that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same 58 that whites do.Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. As a matter of fact, it is quite 59 that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes and that the debate will 60 for a long time is certain.41．A．sensitive B．productive C．competitive D．impressive 42．A．frequently B．extremely C．generally D．occasionally 43．A．approaches B．possessions C．characteristics D．friends 44．A．different B．reliable C．excellent D．equal 45．A．What B．As C．Which D．That 46．A．objectors B．operators C．opponents D．supporters 47．A．claim B．support C．resolve D．object 48．A．completely B．largely C．thoroughly D．merely 49．A．sensitive B．open C．central D．subject 50．A．abilities B．teachers C．personalities D．instincts 51．A．experts B．behaviorists C．environmentalists D．scientists 52．A．shaped B．discussed C．constructed D．learned 53．A．environmental B．biological C．psychological D．physical 54．A．temporary B．slight C．fatal D．far-reaching 55．A．lower B．higher C．stronger D．smarter 56．A．on the contrary B．as a whole C．after all D．for instance 57．A．protections B．pollutions C．technologies D．advantages58．A．conclusions B．abilities C．responses D．opportunities60．A．arise B．disappear C．continue D．respond第II卷（非选择题)请点击修改第II卷的文字说明五、语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
广东省佛山市第一中学、珠海市第一中学、金山中学2018_2019学年高一语文下学期期中试题(含解析)
广东省佛山市第一中学、珠海市第一中学、金山中学2018-2019学年高一语文下学期期中试题（含解析）一、现代文阅读论述类文本阅读阅读下面的文字，完成下列小题。
文字创造的过程，是把对外间世界的体认，通过民族共同的心理基础转换成表意符号的过程。
中国人由事物外形到意义转借的实践证得的思维方式，于《说文解字》的“六书”法表现得非常切实。
因而在中国，语义学问题隐含着世界观和思维方式的成分。
中国式的语义学不仅限于从哲学、逻辑学的角度解释语言符号间的意义关联。
它实质上牵连着和综合着文字学和语源学的诸多要素，而且通过文字训诂和语源梳理来透视字和词的意义生成、确认和变异，从而使语义分析与文化精神史发生深刻的因缘。
比如，当我们谈论叙事结构，在《说文解字》中发现“结，缔也”，也就是把绳子打成纽结；“构，盖也”，也就是把木材交错架设成屋，“结构”一词的动词性也就跃然纸上了。
谈论中国人对叙事结构的把握，是不能忽视这个词语的动词性，以及动词性所包含的生命投入和生命体验的。
因此我们在思考西方论者把结构视为“多重秩序”、视为“分解——编配”之时，就会从中国结构的动词性及其包含的生命体验的角度，进行质疑和体系的重构了。
返回原点不是为了把自己封闭起来，而是为了在一个坚实的文化根本点上，组织新的思路，走向新的具有现代中国特色的理论体系。
在这番返回和走向的曲折路程中，必然要参照世界人类的现代智慧，参照起步较早的西方现代叙事理论的新进展。
因此建立中国叙事学思路的关键的另一步，就是“参照”。
参照应该伴随着我们思维的全过程，但不能代替我们的思维过程。
参照是创造的催化剂，但不是创造本身。
当我们为了参照而去了解西方信息，并且找出其中的关键所在的时候，眼光就应该停留在这个关键点上，在这里以“中国眼光”与“西方眼光”进行相互注视、交流和质询，考察中西异同，反省异同的原因，清理各自的历史线索，把握其间的文化密码。
文化对行原理在这里是运用得非常活跃的，这种“关键点上的眼光对视”，将会使我们在中西对话中拓展学术视野，形成自身的学术体系。
2018-2019学年广东省佛山一中、珠海一中、金山中学高一下学期期中联考英语试题
A. whether
B. how
C. that
D. why
9. You are saying that everyone should take equal responsibility, and that is _______ I
disagree.
A. why
B. where
C. what
D. how
is iபைடு நூலகம் life.
A. where
B. when
C. what
D. how
14. You have to take some necessities such as ropes, a flash, boots, ________ you
may get lost in the mountain if going hiking.
班级：_______________姓名：_______________试室号：_______________座位号：___________ O•••••••••••••••••••••• 密•••••••••••••••••••••• O•••••••••••••••••••••• 封 •••••••••••••••••••••• O•••••••••••••••••••••• 线
10. _______ is no doubt _______ Shanghai Book Traders will make greater and
greater contributions to the development of Shanghai.
A. It; that
B. There; what
name of the Silk Road.
广东省佛山一中、珠海一中、金山中学2018-2019学年高一英语下学期期中试题(含解析)
广东省佛山一中、珠海一中、金山中学2018-2019学年高一英语下学期期中试题（含解析）第一部分：单项填空（共 20 小题；每小题1.5分，满分 30 分）, 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.One of our rules is that every student _______ wear school uniform while at school.A. mightB. couldC. shallD. will【答案】B【解析】情态动词辨析。
Shall用语所有人，表示：命令，警告，强制要求；允诺；法律，规定要做…，本题考察的正是法律，规定要做…；结合句意可知C正确。
句意：有一条规则要求每个学生在校期间都要穿校服。
2.Our school makes _______ a rule that students______ bring their mobile phones to campus.A. it; needn’tB. it; mustn’tC. that; mustn’tD. that; needn’t【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查it作形式宾语和情态动词。
句意：我们学校规定学生们不许把手机带进校园。
make it a rule to do sth.使做某事成为一项规定，在这个结构中，it作形式宾语，后面的to do做真正宾语；mustn’t表禁止。
故选B。
3.Something terrible _______ if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant ______ he always did.A. must have happened; whatB. could have happened; asC. must have happened; asD. could have happened; what【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情态动词和方式状语从句。
广东省佛山一中、珠海一中、金山中学2018_2019学年高一地理下学期期中试题(含解析)
广东省佛山一中、珠海一中、金山中学2018-2019学年高一地理下学期期中试题（含解析）一、单选题（30题，每题2分，共60分）2016年1月1日我国实施“全面二孩”政策，2018年我国人口自然增长率为0.381%，下图为我国1955-2050年劳动年龄人口(15-64岁)变化趋势图。
据此完成下面小题。
1. 2015-2050年，我国劳动年龄人口变化趋势及原因是A. 缓慢下降人口出生率高B. 缓慢下降人口自然增长率低C. 急剧下降人口死亡率高D. 基本稳定人口的迁出率较高2. “全面二孩”政策效果不明显的主要原因是我国A. 子女抚养和教育成本高B. 育龄人口数量迅速减少C. 社会医疗保健水平降低D. 劳动力导向型产业萎缩3. 至2050年我国劳动年龄人口变化对我国经济发展的影响不大，其原因在于我国①劳动年龄人口一直保持较大规模和比重②具有高学历的老龄人口比重较大③居民收入增加有利提升对经济发展需求④持续高速的城市化拉动经济发展A. ①②B. ①③C. ②③D. ③④【答案】1. B 2. A 3. B【解析】【1题详解】据图可知，劳动年龄人口呈缓慢下降趋势，CD排除；出生率高会导致劳动年龄人口数量呈上升趋势，A错误；据材料可知，我国人口自然增长率较低，新增人口数量少，因此劳动年龄人口呈下降趋势，B正确。
故选B。
【2题详解】“全面二孩”政策效果不明显的主要原因说明我国妇女不愿意多生小孩，这是与生育价值观念发生改变、小孩抚养、教育成本高有直接关系。
故选A。
【3题详解】据图分析可知，虽然我国劳动年龄人口数量呈下降趋势，但到2050年，劳动年龄人口数量并没有大幅减少，仍保持较大规模和比重，且随着经济的发展，居民收入增加有利提升对经济发展需求。
因此劳动年龄人口变化对我国经济发展的影响不大。
故选B。
4.下列关于目前世界人口增长模式的叙述，正确的是A. 世界人口增长总体上属于“三低”模式B. 发达国家人口增长已基本转变为“三低”型C. 发展中国家人口增长属于“高高低”型D. 世界各国或地区人口增长模式的转变具有同步性【答案】B【解析】【详解】世界人口增长总体上属于“高低高”模式，错误；发达国家人口增长已基本转变为“三低”型，B正确；发展中国家人口增长属于“高低高”型，C错误；世界各国或地区人口增长模式的转变不同步，D错误。
2018-2019学年广东省佛山一中、珠海一中、金山中学高一下学期期中考试试题英语(含答案)
广东佛山一中、珠海一中、金山中学2018-2019学年高一下学期期中联考英语试题（珠海一中金山中学佛山一中）2019.5.5命题人：陶小明汤倩审题人：郭书廷第一部分：单项填空（共 20 小题；每小题1.5分，满分 30 分）, 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. One of our rules is that every student _______ wear school uniform while at school.A. mightB. couldC. shallD. will2. Our school makes _______ a rule that students______ bring their mobile phones to campus.A. it; needn’tB. it; mustn’tC. that; mustn’tD. that; needn’t3. Something terrible _______ if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant ______ he always did.A. must have happened; whatB. could have happened; asC. must have happened; asD. could have happened; what4. It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some _________ over 90 meters.A. are measuredB. are measuredC. measuredD. measuring5. The fact is ______ I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand, which ______ my appearance.A. that; accounts forB. \; accounts forC. how; give an explanation toD. \; give an explanation to6. How happy we are! The holiday we have been looking forward _______ at last.A. to has comeB. having comeC. to having comeD. has come7. It is not always easy for the public to see _______ use a new invention can be of to human life.A. whoseB. whatC. whichD. that8. Evidence has been found through years of study _______ children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.A. whetherB. howC. thatD. why9. Y ou are saying that everyone should take equal responsibility, and that is _______ I disagree.A. whyB. whereC. whatD. how10. _______ is no doubt _______ Shanghai Book Traders will make greater and greater contributions to the development of Shanghai.A. It; thatB. There; whatC. There; thatD. It; what11. _________ the Silk Road covered a huge distance ________ modern day Xi’an with the Middle East and Europe, today one area in particular is associated with the name of the Silk Road.A. Why; linkingB. Why; linkedC. Although; linkedD. Although; linking12. It ________ long before we ________ the result of the experiment.A. will not be; will knowB. is; will knowC. will not be; knowD. is know13.One can always manage to do more things, no matter ________ full one’s schedule is in life.A. whereB. whenC. whatD. how14. Y ou have to take some necessities such as ropes, a flash, boots, ________ you may get lost in the mountain if going hiking.A. in caseB. in order thatC. now thatD. so that15. Some great people said it was their primary school teachers and their lessons _______ they were fond of ________ influenced their whole lives.A. which; thatB. that; whichC. which; whichD. that; that16. This is the small house less than 15 square meters, under _______ roof lives a large family of three generations.A. whichB. whoseC. asD. that17. Biarni was hoping to join his father _______ was with Eric, but he was blown off course and found himself in an unknown land, ________ he eventually reached Greenland.A. who; from whereB. who; from whichC. what; from whereD. what; from which18. Today, the Xinjiang Autonomous Region remains an international crossroad ________ traders from surrounding countries, and tourists from all over the world regular meet.A. whoseB. whereC. whenD. why19. Paper cuts used for religious purposes ________ as offerings to the dead. People ________ whom the dead person was related would make these offerings on special days.A. are used; toB. using; toC. are used; forD. using; for20. Michael put up a picture of Lionel Messi beside the bed to keep himself _______of his own dreams.A. remindingB. to remindC. remindedD. remind第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题:每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
2018-2019学年广东省佛山一中、珠海一中、金山中学高一下学期期中联考英语答案
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
第三部分完形填空
41-45 CBCAB46-50 DBBCD
51-55 BAADA56-60 ADCDC
语法填空
61. have learned62. abandoning63. when64. receives65. to grow
66. the67. more68. unhealthy 69. to70. which
改错
1.去掉for2.had→has3.safe→safest4.and→or
5.scan→scanning6.As后面加a7.which→that8.we→they
9.consumer→consumers10.greric，
I feel terribly sorry that I can't attend the traditional Chinese painting exhibition to be held next Sunday with you. Therefore, I'm writing to apologize to you, wishing you could generously forgive my impolite behavior．
绝密★启用前
广东省佛山一中、珠海一中、金山中学
2018～2019学年高一年级下学期期中三校联考
英语试题答案
2019年5月
第一部分：单项填空
1-5 CBCDA6-10 ABCBC
2018-2019学年广东省佛山一中、珠海一中、金山中学高一下学期期中考试试题物理(含答案)
广东佛山一中、珠海一中、金山中学2018-2019学年高一下学期期中联考物理试题广东佛山一中、珠海一中、金山中学2018-2019学年高一下学期期中联考物理试题命题人：陈升审题人：黎裔康一、单选题（本大题共8小题，每题4分，共32分。
每个小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个正确。
）1.关于曲线运动，下列说法正确的是( )A. 做曲线运动的物体，加速度可能不变B. 做曲线运动的物体，速度也可以保持不变C. 做曲线运动的物体，它受到的合外力方向可能与速度方向相同D. 只要物体做圆周运动，它所受的合外力一定指向圆心2.“套圈圈”是许多人喜爱的一种游戏，如图所示，小孩和大人直立在界外同一位置，在同一竖直线上不同高度先后水平抛出小圆环，并恰好套中前方同一物体，假设小圆环的运动可视为平抛运动，则( )A. 小孩抛出的圆环速度大小较小B. 两人抛出的圆环速度大小相等C. 大人抛出的圆环运动时间较短D. 小孩抛出的圆环运动时间较短3.如图所示，A、B、C分别是自行车的大齿轮、小齿轮和后轮的边缘上的三个点，到各自转动轴的距离分别为3r、r和10r。
支起自行车后轮，在转动踏板的过程中，A、B、C三点( )A. 角速度大小关系是B. 线速度大小关系是C. 加速度之比是︰︰︰︰D. 转速之比是︰︰︰︰4.如图所示，长度为的轻质细杆OA，A端固定一质量为3kg的小球，以O点为圆心，在竖直平面内做圆周运动，若小球通过最高点时的速度为，取，则此时轻杆OA受到小球的作用力为( )A. 6N的拉力B. 6N的压力C. 54N的拉力D. 54N的压力5.如图所示，套在竖直细杆上的环A由跨过定滑轮且不可伸长的轻绳与B相连，在外力作用下A沿杆以速度匀速上升经过P、Q，经过P点时绳与竖直杆间的角度为，经过Q点时A与定滑轮的连线处于水平方向，则( )A. 经过P点时，B的速度等于B. 经过Q点时，B的速度方向向下C. 当A从P至Q的过程中，B处于超重状态D. 当A从P至Q的过程中，绳的拉力等于B的重力6.如图所示，A，B，C三颗人造地球卫星绕地球做匀速圆周运动，已知三颗卫星的质量关系为，轨道半径的关系为，则三颗卫星( )A. 线速度大小关系为B. 加速度大小关系为C. 向心力大小关系为D. 周期关系为7.人造卫星绕地球做匀速圆周运动，假如卫星的线速度增大到原来的2倍，卫星仍做匀速圆周运动，则( )A. 卫星的向心加速度增大到原来的4倍B. 卫星的角速度增大到原来的4倍C. 卫星的周期减小到原来的D. 卫星的轨道半径减小到原来的8.发射地球同步卫星时，先将卫星发射至近地圆轨道1，然后经点火，使其沿椭圆轨道2运行，最后再次点火，将卫星送入同步圆轨道3，轨道1、2相切于Q点，轨道2、3相切于P点，如图所示，则当卫星分别在1、2、3轨道上正常运行时，以下说法正确的( )A. 卫星在轨道3上的速率大于在轨道1上的速率B. 卫星在轨道3上经过P点的速率小于在轨道2上经过P点的速率C. 卫星在轨道2上运动的周期大于它在轨道3上运动的周期D. 卫星在轨道1上经过Q点时的向心加速度等于它在轨道2上经过Q点时的向心加速度二、多选题（本大题共6小题，每题4分，共24分。
2018-2019学年广东省佛山一中、珠海一中、金山中学高一下学期期中考试试题政治(含答案)
广东佛山一中、珠海一中、金山中学2018-2019学年高一下学期期中联考政治试题命题人:李要鹏审题人:钟冬梅一、单项选择题Ｉ：本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共计10分。
下列各题的四个选项中，只有一个选项是最符合题意的。
1．2019年1月2日，习近平总书记在《告台湾同胞书》发表40周年纪念会上发表讲话强调，两岸关系的政治基础是A．一国两制方针 B．一个中国原则 C．和平统一方针D．民族团结原则2．为了增强全民国家安全意识，维护国家安全，2015年7月1日，全国人大常委会通过的《中华人民共和国国家安全法》第十四条规定，每年为全民国家安全教育日A．12月4日 B．12月13日 C．4月5日D．4月15日3．从本质上讲，国家是经济上占统治地位的阶级进行阶级统治的工具。
国家的根本属性是A．社会性 B．群众性 C．阶级性 D．广泛性4．以下不属于公民参与政治生活必须坚持的基本原则是A. 公民在法律面前一律平等原则B. 权利和义务相结合的原则C. 个人利益和国家利益相结合的原则D. 绝对自由的原则5. 全面推进依法治国是实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的必然要求。
下列表述符合法治精神的是A. “天下之事无大小皆决于上”B. “国王创造法律，而非法律创造国王”C. “法律是治国之重器，良法是善治之前提”D. “普天之下，莫非王土”6．健全自治、法治、德治融合的乡村治理体系是实施乡村振兴的要求。
村民委员会是村民自我管理、自我教育的基层群众性自治组织，在实施乡村振兴中发挥着重要作用。
下列说法不正确的是A. 通过村务公开等形式，保证村民能够切实监督村民委员会工作B. 村民直接投票选举村委会成员是村民参与民主管理的主要途径C. 凡涉及村民切身利益的重要事务，要提请村民委员会讨论决定D. 实行村民自治和居民自治，是社会主义民主广泛而深刻的实践7．直接选举是我国公民当前行使政治权利的一种重要选举方式，下列属于公民直接参与选举的有①县级及县以下人大代表的选举②县级以上各级人大代表的选举③城市居民委员会的选举④农村村民委员会的选举⑤县级及县级以下政府领导人员的选举A．①②③④ B．①③④⑤ C．①③④ D．③④⑤8．要加强法治对权力的制约和监督，坚持用制度管权、管事、管人，让权力在阳光下运行，把权力关进制度的笼子。
2018-2019学年广东省佛山一中、珠海一中、金山中学高一下学期期中联考化学答案
绝密★启用前
广东省佛山一中、珠海一中、金山中学2018～2019学年高一年级下学期期中三校联考
化学试题答案
2019年5月一、选择题（单项选择题：本大题共20小题,每小题2分共40分）
二、非选择题(共60分,其中第21题12分,第22题16分,第23题14分,第24题18分) 21．（12分）
（1）爆炸（1分）
（2）试管内黄绿色气体变浅,试管内液面上升。
(3) CH2Cl2、CHCl3、CCl4（共3分,漏一个扣1分,错一个扣1分）
（4）CH4＋Cl2CH3Cl＋HCl 。
（5）降低氯气在水中的溶解度,抑制氯气与水的反应。
（只回答第一个原因也得两分,后面原因不作要求,不作为扣分点）
22．（16分,每空2分）
（1）①H2O ＞NH3＞CH4
②；
③ b
④S2-＋Cl2＝S↓+2Cl- 或H2S＋Cl2＝S↓+2Cl-+2H+ ；
CO32-+2H+＝CO2↑+ H2O或HCO3-+H+＝CO2↑+ H2O
（2）①1、3（2分,漏一个扣1分,错一个扣1分）
②萃取、富集,说明I2的存在
③能,因Cl2能氧化I2,而Br2不能氧化I2（仅回答“能”与“不能”不得分）。