新探索研究生英语(提高级)视听说教程U4课件-periods3 (2)
新探索研究生英语第四单元课件
新探索研究生英语第四单元课件Unit Four: Exploring New HorizonsObjective: To enhance students' understanding of advanced English concepts and to improve their ability to communicate effectively in academic and professional settings.Introduction:Welcome to Unit Four of the New Exploration Graduate English course. In this unit, we will delve into complex grammatical structures, expand our vocabulary with advanced terminology, and practice our skills in academic writing and presentation. We will also explore the nuances of American English in various contexts, including business, technology, and social interactions.Vocabulary Enhancement:1. Innovative - introducing new ideas, methods, or products.2. Collaborate - to work jointly on an activity or project.3. Paradigm - a typical example or pattern of something.4. Disseminate - to spread information, ideas, ortechniques.5. Synthesize - to combine different ideas or elements to form a new whole.Grammar Focus: Conditional Sentences- Zero Conditional: Used to express general truths or facts.Example: If you heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it boils.- First Conditional: Used to express future events that are likely or certain.Example: If she studies hard, she will pass the exam.- Second Conditional: Used to express hypothetical or unlikely situations.Example: If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world.- Third Conditional: Used to talk about past situations and their hypothetical results.Example: If he had studied harder, he would have passed the exam.Academic Writing:In this section, we will focus on structuring an argumentative essay. Students will learn how to:- Develop a clear thesis statement.- Use evidence and examples to support their arguments.- Organize their essay with a logical flow.- Refine their writing with proper citation and referencing styles.Presentation Skills:Effective presentation is crucial in academic and professional environments. In this unit, students will:- Learn to create engaging visual aids.- Practice public speaking techniques.- Develop the ability to answer questions and engage in discussions.Cultural Insights: American English in Context- Business 英文版:- Technology and Media: Explore the jargon and trends in the tech industry.- Social English: Understand colloquial expressions and social etiquette.Assignments:1. Write a 500-word essay on a topic of your choice, using the structure and techniques learned in the Academic Writing section.2. Prepare a 10-minute presentation on an innovative technology or concept, incorporating the skills developed in the Presentation Skills section.Conclusion:By the end of this unit, you will have a deeper understanding of advanced English language skills and be better equipped to succeed in your academic and professional pursuits. Remember to practice regularly and immerse yourself in the language to see continuous improvement. Good luck!。
新视界高级英语视听说教程 (4)
Why People Lie
Part 1: Topic preview
Individual work: what are the students doing in the picture? What kind of spirit does the game intend to foster?
Joshua: Mama! This is the sacrifice my father made. Mom: Joshua! Joshua: This was his gift to me. We won! Mom: Yes, we won! Joshua: A thousand points! We came in first! We’re taking the tank and listening： Is that ok to tell white lies？
Video 1: White lies Is that OK to tell white lies? Some men and women say yes, but only if the truth could hurt another person’s feelings. NBC’s Janet Shamlian reports. NBC: National Broadcasting Company.
Pair work: make a list of things that can not be said directly under certain circumstances. And work out the solutions.
Situations 1. When a husband is asked by his wife whether her new dress is smart and he doesn’t really think so… How would you handle it
新探索研究生英语(提高级)视听说教程U4混合式教学指导手册
Unit 4 ChangePart 1 Overview of the unitUpon completion of this unit, the T is expected to enable Ss to:Knowledge •know about how people react to change in life•learn about the concepts related to change and the past•understand the relationship between change and permanenceSkills Listening skill•follow the way a discussion develops•listen to annotate presentation slidesCritical thinking skill•evaluate deductive argumentsSpeaking skill•give group presentations•give a group presentation about proposed solutions for dealing with change Unit taskPeriods 1 & 2Check Ss’ online study (Warming up, Academic listening) Introduce the topic; deal with the video in Warming upbased on Ss’ online performance 20 min Go through Academic listening 1 based on Ss’ online performance 30 min Go through Academic listening 2 based on Ss’ online performance 30 min Deal with Getting the skill in Critical thinking20 min Ask Ss to do the oral practice of Academic listeningAsk Ss to preview A cross-cultural view and Academic communicationPeriods 3 & 4 Check Ss’ online study (A cross-cultural view, Academic communication)Deal with A cross-cultural view30 min Introduce the objectives of Academic communication;analyze the speaking model 15 min Go through the speaking skill based on Ss’ online performance 5 min Lead a thorough discussion and help Ss finish themini-project in Skill enhancement20 min Guide Ss to finish the speaking task step by step 30 min Ask Ss to upload the recordings of their presentations and complete self-evaluationHow people react to changeDenial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance. People usually go through these five emotions, or “stages,” when faced with a major shock in life. This “stage theory” was introduced by psychiatrist Elisabeth Kübler-Ross in her best-selling book On Death and Dying. It explains the psychological transition that occurs when we are facing death, whether that of someone we love or our own. Now it is also applied to the internal emotional journey we experience when dealing with any momentous change, disappointment or loss, or with a significant transition in life.Part 2 A detailed teaching guideLet’s take a closer look at the five stages.1. Denial. After the initial shock, people could be “in denial” by using a temporary defense mechanism to refuse to believe it. What they have been told is not true, they insist. For instance, a dying patient may believe the medical test result is wrong, the diagnosis is somehow mistaken, or there’s a cure.2. Anger. When people understand the gravity of their situation, they often become angry. Some may be angry at their life while others look for someone else to blame. They may react with strong emotions, with comments like: “Why me? It’s not fair!” or “Who did this to me?”3. Bargaining. When people are at the bargaining stage, they think of actions or promises they’re willing to do if their life could be restored to how it was before. They think about “what if-?” or “only if-?” and wish things could be done differently. They may negotiate with fate by promising to change a bad habit, do good works, or donate money to a cause if their life could go back to “normal.”4. Depression. People start facing reality and the inevitability of the change they’ve experienced at this stage. This leads them to feel sadness, fear, regret, guilt and other negative emotions. They may seem listless and indifferent, pushing others away and experiencing numbness that takes all the joy out of life.5. Acceptance. Acceptance means people start to learn to live with the change and readjust accordingly. A calm mind, stable emotions, and acknowledgement of what they can and cannot do are typical responses.The five stages are non-linear. They may happen in any order. Some people do not experience all five stages, and some find their feelings are quite different with different changes. Nevertheless, this model has been used by business leaders and therapists to understand where a person is at emotionally when confronting a crisis such as an illness, accident, financial loss, divorce or unemployment. Based on the model, many businesses create support systems for those on the path of change to help them adapt to it.Teaching suggestions1Introduce the unit topic by asking Ss questions about the major changes in their life and their emotional reactions to the changes. Then summarize the answers from Ss and bring up the topic of common reactions to change.2Ask Ss to watch the video and finish Task 2.3Check their answers for Task 2.4Use the following questions to check Ss’ understanding of the video.1)What are the five stages that people go through when faced with a major change in life?2)Why do people tend to refuse to believe the change initially?3)What are the typical responses in the acceptance stage?4)Do the five stages happen in linear time?Ss’ answers may be:1)The five stages are denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance.2)Because it is a temporary defense mechanism for self-protection.3)A calm mind, stable emotions, and acknowledge of what they can and cannot do.4)No, they don’t. They may happen in any order.Reference answersTask 1 Open-ended.Task 2Stages Reactions(D) Denial A. If I made another choice, this wouldn’t have happened.(C) Anger B. This is not going away so I might as well face it.(A) Bargaining C. This is just not fair and I won’t accept it.(E) Depression D. This can’t be happening to me.(B) Acceptance E. I give up. What’s the point?Task 31. I think “depression” is the most difficult stage to get through. In this stage, people are reluctant to meet others, so they have to face the issue and get through the whole stage all by themselves.2. Open-ended.Listening 1 All change, pleaseAll change, pleaseCHRIS: We know why we’re here, right? You’ve all read the directive?HAILEY: Sure, Chris, but it doesn’t make any kind of sense. Why change something that’s working perfectly well for some system that’s too complicated to even understand? Am I alone in thinking that this is just change for change’s sake?CHRIS: No, come on Hailey. It’s not that. We have to keep ahead of the game … What works now isn’t going to work in five, ten, fifteen years, right? We have to change or die—it’s a cut-throat world out here in advertising! HAILEY: OK, you’re making it sound a little bit Hollywood … We’re just a small business, not Wall Street … But anyway, what can we actually change? Do you have any concrete ideas?CHRIS: Yes, that’s why we’re having this meeting. I’ve been doing some research, looking at the competition, asking questions … So, let’s start the ball rolling … I think there are three main areas we can improve by updating our approach to technology.RASHID: Which are?CHRIS: Well, first of all, why are we here? In this room, I mean. Couldn’t we be having this meeting from our offices, using an online tool? So, the first one is communication. And not just here, but also meeting clients online. HAILEY: Oh, come on, how’s that going to work? You know as well as I do that clients want to meet face to face, to feel that someone actually cares about them! I don’t believe they’ll want to give that up. Online meetings just don’t work.CHRIS: We can meet face to face, too. It’s just a question of deciding what needs to be done face to face and what can be done just as well online. Remember, too, that we can record online meetings, which is a lot easier than taking minutes, and we can go back over them and get closer to the customer needs. And, off the record, it’ll be a big time saver for everyone—we’ll be off home earlier …HAILEY: True, I suppose … But isn’t the technology a little bit clumsy? When I’ve been in online meetings, there are always technical problems—I can see the client, but they can’t see me, that kind of thing. It just never works like it’s supposed to!CHRIS: I do know what you’re talking about, Hailey. Yes, absolutely, we have to get the technology right—and we’ll need proper training and support.RASHID: If we’d known about this last year, we could’ve taken advantage of inviting Jackie to a few meetings before she got promoted. She is a real hotshot on technology. She knows all the software and … CHANDINI: Excuse me, Chris, if I may ask a question. Sorry, Rashid … what you’re saying is really worrying me. I don’t see how we can be giving presentations about our campaigns online! It just isn’t feasible, at all. I hear what you’re saying, but I can’t see how it will actually work in practice.CHRIS: Chandini, you’ve put your finger on the main limitation of this, but as I said, we don’t have to be rigid about using technology for every meeting. Presenting a new campaign would definitely have to be done in the old way, face to face, of course. Can I move on to the next thing?CHANDINI: Sure, go ahead, Chris. Sorry to sound negative. And sorry, Rashid, I shouldn’t have interrupted you, but I feel very strongly about this. I don’t believe in all these fashions and fads!CHRIS: No, Chandini. You don’t sound negative at all. That’s why we want to talk about it—we need your input. So, anyway, the second big change will be in the way we store documents. The plan is to do away with paper completely. We’re going to be a paperless office, as far as possible. Anyone wanna share your thoughts on this? RASHID: Yes, to be honest, I can’t believe I’m hearing this. One word comes to mind—security. We all know how easy it is to hack into a computer system. Absolute discretion is key to our business. Once a competitor gets a glimpse of a proposed advertising campaign, we may as well throw it in the trash.CHANDINI: That’s absolutely right, Rashid! How can we guarantee security if everything is going online? And I have all my files. I’ve spent the last two years improving my paper-based systems—you know how things accumulate—I wouldn’t have bothered if I’d known we were going to get rid of all the paper and leave ourselves vulnerable online.CHRIS: Look, I don’t know all the ins and outs of it, but I can tell you that we’ll be getting a very secure system. We’re going to employ a company to advise us, but I do also know that we’ll have to enforce very strict guidelines for everyone, in terms of passwords, and so on. And we’ll restrict access to the most sensitive information to a very few senior partners. As for the files, we can compile a list of things that we need to scan online and store the rest in a secure vault.HAILEY: OK, maybe you’re right … but I have my doubts. We read about security breaches at the highest government level … So, how are we going to protect ourselves? It will be impossible … well, anyway … So Chris, what’s the third thing? You said there were three.CHRIS: Ah, yes. This might be the most … let’s say, controversial of the new measures … Alex, you know, Alex, the new head of infrastructure, has decided that we’re going to move to tablets, instead of laptops … She thinks that they’ll present a more modern image to our clients …CHANDINI: I’m sorry. I’m completely lost for words. How can we do our work on a tablet? They’re good for simple tasks and some fun—I know, my children use one at home—but they simply aren’t designed for sophisticated creative work!CHRIS: Don’t worry, Chandini, you’ll keep your desktop computer to do all your work on. It’s just for when we meet clients, which as I said, we’ll continue to do … Alex wants us to project a kind of “Silicon Valley” image, I guess … She thinks we come across as dated. And she also wants to change the way we dress. No more ties for the men, apparently …RASHID: Well, that’s one good thing anyway! I hate wearing a tie, especially in this weather. Back home nobody in advertising wears a tie …Words & tipsWords and expressionsdirective n. 正式指令，指示cut-throat adj.竞争激烈的；残酷竞争的start the ball rolling 开始某事，使某事发生hotshot n. 红人；高手put your finger on sth. 确切地明白，弄清，准确地指出（错误、不同或异常之处）rigid adj. （人）顽固的，不通融的；（方法、体制等）严格死板的，僵化的fad n. 一时的狂热；时尚，风尚discretion n. 谨慎，慎重ins and outs n.（复杂的局面、难题、体系等的）详情、细节vault n.（贵重财物的）保管库，保险库come across as 给人的印象是……Proper namesChris 克里斯（人名）Hailey 黑莉（人名）Hollywood 好莱坞（美国地名，常用来指美国电影业）Wall Street 华尔街（美国纽约的一条街，美国最重要的金融中心）Jackie 杰姬（人名）Rashid 拉希德（人名）Chandini 昌迪尼（人名）Alex 亚历克丝（人名）Silicon Valley 硅谷（美国计算机工业中心）Cultural notesIn the listening material, Rashid and Chandini speak with non-standard accents. English is spoken by millions of people worldwide, sometimes as a first language and often as a learned second or third language. Users of English in today’s world need to be prepared to deal with different accents and interact with different varieties of English. It is suggested to gain exposure to different accents through listening to and watching materials from all around the world. When you are listening to different accents, practice identifying the key features of each accent. Varieties of English can also differ in the specific vocabulary used. Researching differences and asking for clarification can help.Before you listenTask1 Match the words and expressions with their definitions.(G) 1. come across as (phr. v.) A. to get rid of something(F) 2. cut-throat (adj.) B. very strict and difficult to change(D) 3. directive (n.) C. a quick look at someone or something that does not allow youto see them clearly(A) 4. do away with (phr. v.) D. an official order or instruction(H) 5. feasible (adj.) E. weak or easily hurt physically or mentally(C) 6. glimpse (n.) F. describing situations when people compete with each otherin an unpleasant way(B) 7. rigid (adj.)G. to behave in a way that makes people believe that someone has aparticular characteristic(E) 8. vulnerable (adj.) H. able to be made, done, or achievedTask 2 Complete the sentences with the following words and expressions. Change the form if necessary. come across as cut-throat directive do away withfeasible glimpse rigid vulnerable1. The employer is rigid about enforcing the new policy.2. John comes across as / came across as a very intelligent man.3. Should a company directive be followed without question?4. What household items could you happily do away with?5. What makes companies or people vulnerable in the modern world?6. Is it feasible to expect people to change household goods so often?7. Do businesses do better in a(n) cut-throat environment, or would cooperation be more effective?8. We only had a quick glimpse of the river.Task 3 Answer the following questions.1. What can we do differently now at home, in the classroom, or in the workplace thanks to technology?2. Which of these changes have you experienced personally? Do you like these changes? Why or why not? Reference answers:1. At home: Smart home devices such as smart door locks, displays and lights allow people to use their devices by remote control and enjoy customized services.In the classroom: Students now could have online classes anywhere and anytime. Teachers could use the statistics to better understand students’ learning behavior and effects and create tailor-made plans for different students.In the workplace: Digital tools such as the cloud platform and real-time communication apps help employees have better teamwork and improve their work efficiency.2. Open-ended.Global listeningTask 1 Listen to All change, please and choose the best answer to each question you hear.1. Where does the discussion happen?A. At an international university.B. At a film school.C. At an advertising company.D. At a technology company.2. What does Chris want to change?A. The standard operating procedure.B. Their approach to technology.C. Organizational culture.D. Business scope.3. Which is NOT included in the topics?A. Network upgrades.B. Online communication.C. Storing information.D. Using tablets.4. What worries the speakers most about the paperless proposal?A. Technical problems.B. Security.C. Initial costs.D. Health concerns.5. Why does Alex want to replace laptops with tablets?A. To save money.B. To save space.C. To install more applications.D. To present a more modern image.Close listeningTask 1 Listen to All change, please again and decide whether the following sentences are true or false.1. Chris argues that though a system works now, it might not work in the future.2. Hailey agrees that clients are no longer interested in face-to-face meetings.3. Chris suggests that recording meetings may be a negative action.4. Rashid mentions a colleague who could have helped with technical problems.5. Chris explains that an outside company will be totally responsible for all levels of security.6. Hailey suggests that even top-level organizations face security issues.7. Chandini knows about working on tablets from her domestic situation.8. Rashid agrees that Chris’ final point is a good idea.Answers:1. T2. F (You know as well as I do that clients want to meet face to face, to feel that someone actually cares about them!)3. F(Remember, too, that we can record online meetings, which is a lot easier than taking minutes …)4. T5. F (We’re going to employ a company to advise us, but I do also know that we’ll have to enforce very strict guidelines for everyone, in terms of passwords, and so on.)6. T7. T8. TTask 2 Answer the following questions according to what you have heard.1. How do the speakers react to the upcoming changes? Why is change important in an organization?2. What do you think of the changes? Are they good ideas? Give your reasons.Reference answers:1. Chris actively promotes the changes, while the other speakers question the necessity and effects of the changes and they seem reluctant to accept them.Change in an organization is important because it helps to encourage innovation, allow employees to learn new skills and explore new opportunities. Change helps an organization stay competitive in the cut-throat world.2.I agree with Chris’ view on change. As he mentioned in the discussion, “we have to keep ahead of the game … what works now isn’t going to work in five, ten, fifteen years …,” change is necessary for a company to grow and stay competitive. As for the ideas, I think online meetings and the paperless office are good ones, because these tools can improve work efficiency, and they are more environmentally friendly compared with traditional business tools. But replacing laptops with tablets is not a reasonable proposal because tablets have many disadvantages regarding storage, security, and compatibility.Task 3 Work in pairs to discuss the following question.What are the challenges of working with and without technology?Reference answers: 1) With technology:Lack of technical training: It may take a lot of time and effort to adapt to new techniques or facilities.Concerns about cybersecurity: Businesses need to protect sensitive intellectual property data, financial documents, and customer information.Concerns about stability: The technology may fail to work when people need it most. For example, poor internet connection, crashed websites, or invalid service may affect and even harm the business. 2) Without technology:Too much paperwork, lower work efficiency, and poorer communication are some of the major challenges.Academic listening skillMini-lecture Watch the mini-lecture and learn about the skill of followingthe way a discussion develops.Task 1 Listen to All change, please again and identify what each person does in each stage. IntroductionChris starts the discussion.Hailey 1) challenges / supports the changes. Chris 2) questions / justifies the changes. Topic 1Chris introduces the topic of online communication.Chris 3) outlines / questions the advantages of online meetings. Hailey 4) questions / agrees with the effectiveness of technology. Rashid 5) makes / asks for a suggestion.Chandini expresses 6) satisfaction with / concern about the changes. Topic 2Chris introduces the topic of storing information. Rashid 7) identifies / stops a threat.Chris 8) challenges / reassures the group. Topic 3Chris introduces the topic of tablets.Chandini 9) argues against / supports the topic.Chris 10) disagrees with / explains the reasons for the decision.Teaching suggestionsClose listening1Ask Ss to read the questions in Task 2. Then play the recording. Ask Ss to take notes while listening. 2 Ask Ss to work in pairs. Ss take turns to answer questions.3After the discussion, the T invites 1 or 2 Ss to share their answers with the whole class. The T makescomments on the Ss’ answers.You can watch the video on Ucampus.4Ask Ss to read the question in Task 3. Ss think individually for 1 minute, and then jot down several points of the challenges of working with technology and without technology.5Ss work in groups to share and compare their ideas with their group members.6The T invites 1 or 2 Ss to share their answers with the whole class. Finally, the T makes comments on the Ss’ answers.Extension activityDuring the pandemic, taking online courses has become “new normality” for many college students. The T can extend the topic by asking Ss how they feel about this change and encourage Ss to summarize the benefits and challenges of online learning.Academic listening skill1Log on Ucampus and present the task. Ask Ss to go through the structure of the group discussion. Then play the audio to check their answers.2Ask Ss to identify signpost language that shows each speaker’s role and attitude in the group discussion.Oral practiceTask 1 The following sentences will help you talk about changes in the workplace. Translate the Chinese in brackets into English using the words and expressions you’ve just learned, and then record each sentence.1. We have to change or die—it’s a cut-throat (竞争激烈的) world out here in advertising!2. I don’t see how we can be giving presentations about our campaigns online! It just isn’t feasible (可实行的),at all. I hear what you’re saying, but I can’t see how it will actually work in practice.3. You’ve put your finger on the main limitation of this, but as I said, we don’t have to be rigid (死板的) about using technology for every meeting.4. Once a competitor gets a glimpse (一瞥) of a proposed advertising campaign, we may as well throw it in the trash.5. Alex wants us to project a kind of “Silicon Valley” image, I guess … she thinks we come across as (给人的印象是……) dated.Task 2 You will hear three clips of the conversation. Each clip will be played only ONCE. After you hear a tone, please repeat the exact words the second speaker has said. You may take some notes while you listen.1.HAILEY: Why change something that’s working perfectly well for some system that’s too complicated to even understand? Am I alone in thinking that this is just change for change’s sake?CHRIS: No, come on Hailey. It’s not that. We have to keep ahead of the game … What works now isn’t going to work in five, ten, fifteen years, right?2.HAILEY: When I’ve been in online meetings, there are always technical problems—I can see the client, but they can’t see me, that kind of thing. It just never works like it’s supposed to!CHRIS: I do know what you’re talking about, Hailey. Yes, absolutely, we have to get the technology right—and we’ll need proper training and support.3.CHANDINI: Sorry to sound negative. And sorry, Rashid, I shouldn’t have interrupted you, but I feel very strongly about this. I don’t believe in all these fashions and fads!CHRIS: No, Chandini. You don’t sound negative at all. That’s why we want to talk about it—we need your input. Listening 2 Perspectives on the pastPerspectives on the pastPROFESSOR SIMPSON: OK, so I’m going to start this session on nostalgia with a brief introduction to the prevailing theories within neuroscience—that is, what happens in the brain when a person is feeling nostalgic. The practical aspects of this will be picked up later by Dr. Hossam and Stephen Johnson in their presentations. Dr. Hossam will address the sunk cost fallacy, a fascinating exploration of reactions in the present to decisions made in the past. Stephen will finish by examining the legacy issues faced by many companies nowadays, particularly in the area of technology.Now, from a theoretical perspective, we need to remember that nostalgia is a universal experience. Studies show it starts from an early age, around eight, and, regardless of culture, research shows that people feel nostalgic for aspects of their personal histories. What interests me is what changes are observable in the brain when a subject experiences nostalgia—what is the actual mechanism of nostalgia, if you like—and what triggers those changes. Looking at these two aspects will enable us to consider how nostalgia relates to other psychological phenomena. And then we can use this understanding in the field of behavioral sciences, which Dr. Hossam will explain more about, and economics—Stephen Johnson’s area.PROFESSOR SIMPSON: So, starting with the triggers, the most obvious stimulators of nostalgia are meeting old friends, hearing music, especially music we listened to between the ages of 12 and 22, and childhood smells, food, and so on—the French writer Proust springs to mind, assuming you are familiar with his novels. But, surprisingly I think, these are not actually the most common triggers. According to a series of studies published in 2006 in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, the most common appears to be bad moods. Now, these moods may sometimes be a result of loneliness, which seems a natural cause-effect, but actually any bad mood appears to trigger nostalgia. And so, by the way, does being cold.So there are some fundamentals from a neuroscientific perspective. There are many practical applications of this science of nostalgia, which Dr. Hossam and Stephen will tell you more about now. Dr. Hossam …DR. HOSSAM: Thank you. Now, as Professor Simpson has noted, my area is behavioral science. Today, I’m focusing on what we call the “sunk cost fallacy.” As you may know, this is the mistake we are prone to making when we take into account prior costs when making a decision on whether or not to continue a course of action—whether to “throw good money after bad” as the old proverb has it …This sunk cost fallacy does seem to be an inherited instinct, similar to nostalgia, as outlined by Professor Simpson,which guides us to poor choices in the present. People have a tendency to continue with a plan of action just because they have invested in it—time and / or money—not because it is a good strategy now. But this does lead us to question why we have developed this behavior … Perhaps “not giving up” has some hidden benefits? When we make the initial decision, we have good reasons for making it, provided that we are trying to act rationally, of course. However, once time has gone by, we have a strong tendency to forget our initial reasons. We then find ourselves in a difficult position in the present, when we have put in time and money, and not yet reached the desired outcome, do we continue with our actions, though they require more effort, time, money, or whatever … or do we cut our losses and refuse to invest any further?Now the fallacy theory is that usually we follow that instinct and keep going, in order to get something back from our investment. This can mean we end up spending far more than we would ever consider sensible, on an outcome that simply isn’t worth it. Most business advisors say this is a mistake. However, there is also an argument that the feeling that prevents us from giving up and walking away is a memory of just how important the initial decision was. The fact that the feeling remains means that we need to at least seriously try to uncover the original reasons for making the choice, and consider these before deciding to walk away from the present problem.STEPHEN JOHNSON: OK, thank you, Professor Simpson and, uh … Dr. Hossam. So, I’m here to talk about a very specific business problem relating to the past and nostalgia. On the surface, it may not seem to have much to do with what our previous speakers were describing, but I hope you’ll see the connections shortly. The problem I’m talking about concerns “legacy systems.” These are defined as technological systems which were good in their day, but which are now no longer good enough for today’s business world.So what do you do when your computer system is too old to do the job properly? Easy, you say—just change it, upgrade it. Well, I’ve got bad news for you: It’s not that easy, unfortunately. For a complex company such as a major bank, changing the computer system is a major strategic decision. I’m not talking about a change, but a complete transformation of every system, every process, every role. There is the cost, the security implications, and the data transfer—for a big bank with millions of customers worldwide, it’s a nightmare. So many things can go wrong in the changeover, but … Well, without change the company is locked into an outdated system, a legacy system, that holds them back, prevents innovation and—and this is at the root of the problem—it leaves them vulnerable to competition by smaller, more flexible banks with up-to-date systems.Part of the problem is an unwillingness to change. After all, the system worked before, the bank was profitable and, as we said, has millions of supposedly satisfied customers. Why change? And, of course, everyone has adapted their own skills to match how it works—or doesn’t work … Now, the connection to Professor Simpson’s area should be becoming evident … As she has already said, nostalgia is a neurological phenomenon, rooted in our evolutionary past … so it’s not easy to override except with a real effort … Instincts die hard! To effect change, you have to focus on the outcome and give up worrying about the huge amount of prior work and cost. And as already highlighted by Dr. Hossam, the sunk cost fallacy is a factor in any decision where work and money have already been expended.Words & tipsWords and expressionsneuroscience n. （研究大脑的）神经科学stimulator n. 刺激物spring to (sb’s) mind （某人）马上想到prone adj. 易遭……的；很有……可能的；有……倾向的changeover n. （活动、体制或工作方法的）改变，转变，变更。
新探索研究生英语(提高级)unit4
新探索研究生英语(提高级)unit4Unit 4 of the Advanced Level of New Horizon Graduate English focuses on the theme of "Globalization and Culture". In this unit, students will explore how globalization has influenced different aspects of culture, including language, art, and traditions.One key aspect of globalization is the spread of the English language as a global lingua franca. English has become the language of business, science, and international communication, leading to changes in the way people communicate and interact with each other. This unit will explore the impact of English as a global language and the challenges and opportunities it presents for individuals and societies.Another important topic in this unit is the influence of globalization on traditional cultures and art forms. Globalization has facilitated the spread of cultural products and practices around the world, leading to cultural homogenization in some cases. Students will examine how globalization has influenced the production and consumption of cultural products, as well as the preservation of traditional practices and art forms in the face of globalized influences.Furthermore, this unit will also address the issue of cultural diversity and identity in the age of globalization. As cultures interact and merge with each other, questions of cultural identity and authenticity become increasingly complex. Students will explore how individuals and societies navigate these complexities and maintain a sense of cultural identity in a globalized world.Overall, Unit 4 of the Advanced Level of New Horizon Graduate English offers students the opportunity to critically engage with the impact of globalization on culture. By examining the ways in which globalization has shaped language, art, and traditions, students will gain a deeper understanding of the complexities and challenges of cultural globalization in the contemporary world.。
研究生英语听说教程提高级教师用书Unit4
Unit 4 DietWoman: Oh, no thanks, I think I'm OK. Listen, is it OK with you if we ask for the check now? I know that we're still eating, but I'm ina bit of a hurry.Man: No, sure, it's fine. Thanks. Excuse me, can...uh...we have the check,please?Number ThreeMan: What is it?Woman: Y ou know, I'm not sure. I think it's...chicken.Man: Nhn-nhn, I think it's beef.Woman: Ugh, the vegetables look very strange, don't they?Man: Oh, well, I'm not really very hungry.Woman: Oh, me neither.Man: I'll just taste it...Y ou'll never guess!Woman: What?Man: It's fish. And the sauce is actually pretty good. I thought it would be bland , but it's not at all. Here ,try it. It's not bad. Woman: Oh, all right...Ugh! It's awful. It's too salty.Man: Well, I like it.Woman: Oh,now I need some more soda.I wish they'd come back with the drink cart again.Man: Here,have yourself some of mine.Then we'll ask the flight attendant for two more cans.Task 4Listening:Y ou will hear two short conversations.Some people are ordering food at a restaurant.Listen to the recording and complete the chart below with what you hear.Waiter: Are you ready to order,sir?Man: Y es,I think so.Darling?Woman: I'll have the vegetable soup to start...Waiter: The vegetable soup.And to follow,madam?Woman: The salmon with a salad.Waiter: And for you,sir?Man: I'll have the vegetable soup too,please.Waiter: Two vegetable soups.Man: And I'll have a steak,I think.Waiter: How would you like it, sir?Rare,medium,or well done?Man: V ery rare--blue if you can.Waiter: Thank you very much,sir.Would you like to see the wine list?Waiter: Ready to order?Customer: Y es,I'd like the potato soup.Waiter: White or brown bread?Customer: White,please.Waiter: And to follow?Customer: Just a chicken salad,please.Waiter: And to drink?Customer: A mineral water.Waiter: Still or sparkling?Customer: Sparkling,please.Waiter: Ice and lemon?Customer: Both,please.Task 6Listening:Y ou will hear five short extracts.What kind of food and/or drink are/is talked about in each of them?Listen to the recording and note down your answers to full in the table below.Extract 1A: Well,the results of the tests make it absolutely clear.Y ou'll have to cut out dairy products completely.B: What?Everything?Y ou mean cheese and yoghurt and butter...?A:Y es,I'm afraid so.And milk.Y ou'll have to try a substitute like soya milk for tea and coffee if you really can't drink them black.Extract 2A: What's the food like in your family?B: It's great!Every morning we have cornflakes and toast and sometimes bacon and eggs.The only problem is that we have the evening meal very early.Often I am very hungry in the night.And the food where you're staying?How is it?A: Oh,the Wilsons,has lived in France for a long time,so they prepare a lot of typically French dishes.It's just like home.Extract 3A: Mobile Burgers.Simon speaking.Can I help you?B: Y es,I'd like a double cheese burger,no onion.A: Anything with that?B: Oh yeah.And some chips and a chocolate milkshake.A: What size chips?Small,medium or large?B: Oh actually I don't think I'll have the chips.A: OK.Address?B: 21 Walker Street.A: Fine.We'll be round in 15 minutes.Extract 4So if you don't have a microwave,you heat your coconut oil in a deeppot like this one until it's smoking slightly.It's good and hot now,I think.Throw your corn into the pot and put the lid on firmly,like this.Then turn the heat off under the pan and enjoy the sound of that corn popping!There it goes!Extract 5Right.I hear that some people have been taking food and drinks into the computer room.This is absolutely not...I repeat not...allowed.It's valuable equipment and it can be damaged very easily.A major problem was caused by someone spilling a bottle of water the other day...so no food and no liquids or the room will be closed unless a teacher is there to supervise.Task 7Listening:Y ou will hear an interview with two people about their particular diet.Listen to the recording and complete the chart below with what you hear.Sam(I=Interviewer; S=Sam)I: Congratulations on winning the tournament,Sam.How do you feel? S: Oh,great!I: Are you going to celebrate?S: Definitely.I've been training non-stop for ages and I need a good night out.I: How do you train for a kick-boxing tournament like this?S: Basically,you have to live like a monk for weeks...I: Really?Aren't you allowed to go out?S: Yes,actually you can go out,but you can't drink or smoke and you have to be in bed by midnight.I: I guess that's quite difficult for a young guy like yourself.What other sacrifices do you have to make?S: Well, obviously you have trained every day, and the main thing for kick-boxing is to build up your stamina--so while I'm training I have to be quite strict with my diet.I: So what do you eat?S: Um, the first thing is cutting down on fat--no crisps or burgers.I'm not supposed to eat butter, but that's really hard because I really love it.Oh, and I mustn't drink too much caffeine.I: And what sort of things are good for you?S: High-fibre food, like brown rice and vegetables. Cranberry juice is good--loads and loads of fluid. That's really important.I: What about protein?S: Y eah, of course that's important,but meat tends to be very fatty--I try to stick to fish.Mushrooms are really good--I eat lots of mushrooms. Butcarbohydrates are as important as protein because I need the energy. I don't want to end up with enormous muscles.I: Talking of muscles, do you work out?S: Of course--that's part of the training. I work out every day, but I do quite a lot of aerobic exercise and not too much weight-lifting. For kick-boxing you have to increase your energy levels.I: What are you going to have for dinner now the competition's over? S: Steak and chips with loads of bread and butter, Coke to drink, followed by apple pie and cream. And a double expresso. No problem.I: A well-earned treat. Enjoy it! Thank you, Sam Davidson, the new kick-boxing champion--and now back to the studio.Catherine(C=Catherine; M=Mike)M: Catherine you look great in these photos.C: Oh,thanks. I had to go through hell to get into that wedding dress. M: What do you mean?C: It was too small.M: Why didn't you get one your size?C: Oh,it was my grandmother's--my mother wore it on her wedding day, and I really wanted to wear it on mine.M: Oh,I can see why--it's gorgeous. But the waist is minute!C: Tell me about it. I suffered for six months so I could wear it.M: How did you do it?C: Oh, well, you know this diet that all the Hollywood actors are doing? M: No--I thought they just had plastic surgery every time their body needed reshaping.C: Well, they probably do that as well--but there's this new diet. I don't think it's very healthy if you do it for a long time, but it really works. M: Is it the diet where you think of all the food you love and avoid it for six months?C: No--actually,it's amazing. Believe it or not, you can eat things like,em, roast chicken and steak and eggs and bacon, but you just can't eat any carbohydrates with it.M: No bread.C: No.M: What about pasta?C: No.M: Oh, I couldn't live without pasta.C: Mm, it was hard--I was dying for a nice plate of spaghetti.M: Did you have to exercise?C: Well, you know me--I'm not exactly sportswoman of the year. But I wanted to get rid of my stomach so I had to do situps every morning. Nightmare!M: How much did you lose?C: To be honest, I have no idea--the important thing to me was that I could put that dress on and look good in it.M: Are you still dieting then?C: No way--I love my food and dieting is so boring. Hopefully, I won't need to wear the wedding dress again anyway!Task 11Listening:Y ou will hear an interview with someone about pleasures. He gives answers to the four questions above. Listen to the recording and complete the chart below with what you hear.Interviewer: "Pleasure is the beginning and the end of living happily."Those are the words of the Greek philosopher Epicurus, wholived 2,300 years ago. People have always tried to findpleasure and today we have many more pleasures than theAncient Greeks had. And yet we still don't know a lot aboutthis important part of life. Here in the studio is Dr.JonathanShamberg. Good evening, Dr.Shamberg.Dr.Shamberg: Good evening. It's a pleasure to be here.I: Y es, indeed. Well, what things give people most pleasure?D: We don't all enjoy the same things. Pleasure means different things to different people. Some people get pleasure from jumping out ofaeroplanes or driving at 200 kph. For others pleasure comes from relaxing in a hot bath or playing with children. Doing a crossword or repairing the car give other people pleasure.I: What's the purpose of pleasure? Why does it exist?D: Well, if pleasure didn't exist, we wouldn't exist. Pleasure is important for human survival. If we want to survive, we have to do three things--eat, have children, and get on with each other. If these things give pleasure, we want to do them. So we survive. That's why we get so much pleasure from food, being in love, and socializing.I: But what is pleasure?D: Pleasure is a chemical reaction in the brain. When we do something that we enjoy, endorphin and noradrenaline are produced. These stimulated pleasure centers in the brain.I: And is pleasure good for you?D: Oh, yes. The happier you are the longer you will live. But it isn't the great moments of pleasure that are important. Happy people enjoy the ordinary everyday things of life, like cooking a meal, going for a walk or chatting with a friend.I: I see. Well, let's talk some more about your research into pleasure...。
新英语视听说教程(第二版)教学课件Unit 4 Traveling and Sightseeing
Task 1
Part I Video Time
Task 2
1. First Visit to Bangkok 2. Sierra Madre Tourism
Useful Words Cultural Notes Video Watching
Exercise 1 Exercise 2
Video Time (Task 1)
Useful Words hostess n. （餐馆的）迎宾女招待 roast a. 烘烤的，烤过的 raspberry n. 覆盆子（一种植物） sauce n. 调味汁，酱汁
Video Time (Task 1)
(Task 1) Exercise 1
(Task 1) Exercise 1
He watched three dumb movies, had two plastic meals, and drank six bottles of beer.
Never refuse an invitation. Never resist the unfamiliar. Never fail to be polite. Never outstay your welcome.
Listening Activities (Task 1)
Exercise 1 Exercise 2
Listening Activities (Task 1): Exercise 1
Plaza Hotel single room the 25th of September by credit card November 11 this year
These horrible scenes should give rise to our great attention. We must protect our eco-environment while enjoying the beautiful scenery. In order to keep a balance between tourism and ecology, the concept of eco-tourism, which intends to bring people closer to nature with as little disturbance as possible, should be advocated. Funding environmental programs and limiting excessive exploitation of natural resources should be done by all levels of governments. What we need to do is simple: do not litter; strictly observe regulations at resorts, and use as few plastic bags and boxes as possible, only by which can we hope to build a harmonious environment for traveling. At last, we should keep in mind that when we travel we should take away nothing but memories and leave nothing but footprints.
新英语视听说教程UNITFOUR
By listening to English audio, watching English videos, participating in English corners, etc., increase language input and improve listening comprehension ability.
Oral Strategy
Organized Speaking
It is essential to organize one's thoughts and ideas before speaking This helps to ensure that one's message is clear, coherent, and well structured
Body language plays a critical role in oral communication It is essential to use appropriate body language to convince one's message effectively, such as as legal expressions, hand styles, and posts
Feedback is essential for effective communication It is important to provide feedback to the other person, indicating that you understand what they are saying and have responded appropriately
新英语视听说教程UNIT FOUR
研究生英语听说教程(提高级第三版)Unit4PPT课件
1 Curry and Spicy, tasty,
Water
rice
pretty good, fine,
fresh
Restaurant
2 Cheese cake
Looks really good, rich, sweet
Coffee
3 Fish and M: sauce pretty Soda vegetables good, not bad W: awful, too salty; vegetable strange
Guess what! Bradley's resigned. You'll never guess who I saw today.
Listen to the recording of Task 3 again and see how these expressions are used.
-
12
Here are some words which you can use when talking about food.
-
Unit Four
Diet
-
4
Activity 1: Discussion
Warm-up questions 1. How do you understand the term “diet”? 2. What is a balanced diet? What should a
balanced diet include?
You know what? I think he's lonely.
Hey: a shout used to get sb.'s attention or to show surprise, interest, or annoyance
视听说4_U3_Part2
Passage 2
assessment
green coverage sulfur dioxide transit track license-plate auction nitrogen dioxide legacy renewable
n. 评估 judgment; appraisal 绿地覆盖 二氧化硫
Last
Next
C. Pair work: Work with your partner to answer the question and interpret the Chinese passage into English.
1. When the Shanghai Expo has concluded, what should China do to further improve city life? 2. Interpret the following passage into English. 世博会展示人类在政治、经济、文化和科技等领域取得的成 就,有时被称为经济、科技、文化界的奥林匹克盛会。 2010年上海博览会以“城市,让生活更美好”为主题(theme)。 它包括五个方面(aspects):(1)城市与经济发展关系,(2)城市与 可持续发展(sustainable development)关系,(3)城乡互动关系 (interaction),(4)城市与高科技发展关系,(5)城市与多元文化 (multi-culture)发展关系。 要求更适宜居住的环境,更高质量的生活,这是人类在21世纪 的梦想。这体现了以人为本的理念(the concept of people first)。
Last Next
C. Communication Task: Work with your partner(s) to discuss the question.
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新探索研究生英语（提高级）视听说教程U4课件periods3
1. Introduction
本文档是针对新探索研究生英语（提高级）视听说教程U4课件中的第三部分进行的详细讲解和学习指导。
本课件的主要内容涵盖了阅读和听力方面的训练，旨在帮助研究生学生提高他们的英语综合能力。
在本课件中，我们将学习如何有效地阅读并理解一篇科技类文章，并通过听力练习来提高我们的听力技巧，并将这些技巧应用到日常生活和学习中。
2. Reading Comprehension
在这个部分中，我们将学习如何阅读并理解一篇科技类文章。
本课件中的文章是关于在医学领域的应用的，让我们一起来看看这篇文章的主要内容和要点。
2.1 Article Summary
本文介绍了在医学领域的应用。
随着技术的不断发展，医
学界开始利用这些技术帮助医生诊断疾病和制定治疗方案。
这些系统可以通过分析大量的医学数据和病历来帮助医生做出准确的诊断，提高医疗质量和效率。
文章还介绍了一些具体的应用案例，包括基于机器学习的肺部癌症检测系统和智能手术等。
2.2 Key Points
在阅读这篇文章时，我们需要关注以下关键点：
•在医学领域的应用
•系统如何帮助医生进行准确的诊断和治疗
•基于机器学习的肺部癌症检测系统的工作原理
•智能手术的作用和优势
2.3 Reading Strategies
为了更好地理解和掌握这篇文章，我们可以使用以下阅读策略：
•在阅读前先浏览文章的标题和主要段落，了解文章的结构和主题。
•在阅读过程中，不要一字不差地读每个单词，而是着重关注文章的关键词和句子。
•使用上下文和文章的主题来推测词汇的意思，以避免频繁查词。
•尝试在脑海中形成文章的大致框架，将每个段落的主要内容连接起来。
•阅读完整篇文章后，对于关键点和重要的细节进行和复述。
3. Listening Skills
本部分将专注于听力技巧的训练，通过听力练习来提高听力理解能力。
3.1 Listening Practice
在本课件中，我们将进行一些专门设计的听力练习，这些练习将帮助我们提高听力技巧。
每个练习都包含一个听力材料和相关的问题。
在听完材料后，请尝试回答问题，并与听力文本进行对照，检查你的答案。
3.2 Listening Tips
为了更好地完成听力练习，以下是一些有用的听力技巧：
•在听力材料开始之前，注意预测将要听到的内容。
根据问题和主题进行预测，这将帮助你更好地理解听力材料。
•多练习听力材料，尤其是有关科技类话题的材料。
这样可以帮助你熟悉相关的词汇和表达，提高听力理解能力。
•关注听力文本中的关键词和短语。
这些词汇通常表示重要的信息或关联的内容。
•训练自己的听力记忆能力，尝试在听完材料后回想和你所听到的重要信息。
•多听英语广播、讲座或其他听力材料，不断锻炼听力技能。
4. Conclusion
通过本课件的学习，我们将能够更好地阅读科技类文章，并提高我们的听力技能。
这些技能对于我们的学术研究和日常生活都非常重要。
希望你在学习过程中能够充分利用这些学习资源，尽量多地练习和应用这些技巧，以提高你的英语综合能力。
注：以上内容为。
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