常用经济术语中英文对照

国民经济、对外经济贸易NATIONAL ECONOMY，FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS AND TRADE 经济指标 economic indicators

社会总产值 total product of society

国民生产总值 GNP （Gross Domestic Product）

国内生产总值 GDP （Gross Domestic Product）

人均国内生产总值 GDP per capita

工农业总产值 gross output value of industry and agriculture

国民收入 national income

购买力平价法 purchasing power parity

财政收入 state revenue

社会商品零售总额 total volume of retail sales

社会零售物价总指数 general retail price index

百分点 percentage points

"八五"划划 the 8th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development

计划经济 planned economy

统购统销 state monopoly over purchase and marketing

市场经济 market economy

指令性计划 mandatory plan

指导性计划 guidance plan

市场调节 market regulation

建立市场经济、法制、民主监督和廉政"三个机制" establish operational mechanisms of market economy， rule by law， democratic supervision and incorruptible government

抓好农业、交通能源、教育科技"三个基础" stress priorities over agriculture， transportation and energy supply， education and science and technology

实现产业结构、生态环境和人口素质"三个优化" optimize industrial structure， ecological environment and the quality of population

第一、二、三产业 primary， secondary and tertiary industries

外向型经济 export-oriented economy

创汇型企业 foreign exchange-earning enterprise

劳动密集型 labor intensive

技术、智力、资本密集型 technology， knowledge or capital intensive

高附加值的深加工 down-stream processing with high added-value

优化资源配置 optimize allocation of resources

生产力 productive forces

生产资料 capital goods

科研成果产业化 industrialization of research findings

火炬计划 Torch Plan

技术入股 technology appraised as capital stock

风险投资 venture investment/capital

固定资产投资 investment in fixed assets

技术转让 technology transfer

可行性研究 feasibility study

意向书 letter of intent

投资环境 investment environment

跨国公司 transnational coorporation

基础设施 infrastructure

20年基本实现现代化 basically achieve modernization in 20 years

发挥技术窗口管理窗口和人才窗口的作用 serve as a medium for introducing advanced technologies， managerial expertise and qualified professionals from outside.

招商 attract investment

招商项目 project proposals for investment

同国际惯例接轨 follow the international codes of practice；bring … in line with the international usage

加大改革力度 intensify reforms

一条龙服务 one package service

一支笔审批 one-chop approval

我们两市的经济互补性很强。 To a great extent， the economies between out two cities are complementary to each other.

平等互利，互通有无 equality and mutual benefit， and trading of needed goods

外引内联 act as an intermediary for introducing foreign capital and establishing domestic connections

保持发展后劲 bring about a sustainable development； sustain momentum of development

经济实力 economic capabilities

龙头 pacemaker； leading role

三通一平（水通、电通、路通、施工场地平） "three connections and one leveling" assuring that a construction site is connected to water and electric power supplies and roads， and that the ground is leveled before a project is begun.

瓶颈 bottleneck

以工养农 use industrial income to finance agriculture

以路养路 use tolls to repay investment in road projects

下放审批权 delegate the authority to examine and approve to lower levels

统而不死，活而不乱 ensure a flexible control

良性循环 positive cycle

国民经济的支柱 mainstay of the national economy

格局初步形成 Pattern has taken initial shape.

理顺企业的产权关系 rationalize the property rights relationships of enterprises 政策性亏损 policy-related loss

三角债 chain debts

上不封顶，下不保底 set no ceiling limit and give no minimum guarantee

企业"工效挂钩" link total payroll with the performance of an enterprise

生意兴隆/冷淡 Business is booming/sluggish

质量信得过单位 quality trustworthy organization

批量生产 mass production以销定产 limit production to market ability

内联企业 inland associated enterprises

菜篮子工程 shipping basket project

国产化 percentage of home-made parts

配套改革 coordinated reforms

配套措施 supporting measures

配套工程 auxiliary project

国内配套资金 domestic funds

向基础工业倾斜的政策 policy in favor of basic industry

升级换代 upgrading and updating

看好经济增长 think highly of economic growth

行情看好 Favorable price/market can be expected.

行情看涨/跌 anticipate lower market price/rising price

随行就市 fluctuate in line with market conditions

片面追求发展速度 seek an unduly high growth rate

在过渡时期 in a period of transition

粗放/集约经营 extensive/intensive operation

基础地位 leading position

门类齐全 covering extensive fields

存款/贷款余额 the balance of deposits/loans

外汇储备 foreign exchange reserves

贸易顺差 trade surplus

完善的市场和发达的金融体制 well-established market and sophisticated financial system

消灭失业 wipe out unemployment

降低过热的期货市场，恢复金融秩序 cool down the over-heated future market and restore financial order

紧缩银根 tighten the money supply

一位数水平 one digit level

保持双边贸易的平衡 balance the two-way trade

这次会议为两国进一步加强持续的经济联系奠定了坚实的基础。 This meeting laid a sound foundation for the two countries to forge enduring/lasting and constant/continuous economic ties.

市场疲软 a market slump

库存积压 overstocked products

国家指令性计划 state mandatory planning

统一定价 unified price setting

国家统配物资 materials allocated by state

货币发放 the issue of currency

规范价格秩序 standardize the price order

简化流通环节，增加随机检查 simplify circulation and add more random checks

市场机制开始发挥调节作用。 The market mechanisms are beginning to play their regulatory role.

由于该暗补为明补，粮食购销同价。 Grains are purchased and sold by the same price because covered allowances are turned into open allowance.

导致价格持续增长的一个重要因素在于物价的逐步放开及价格结构调整。 An important factor （contributing to/resulting in） substantial price hikes lies in the gradual lifting of prices control and the structural adjustment of prices.折旧费 depreciation cost

关系民生的产品 products vital to the people's livelihood

供大于求 oversupply

供不应求 short supply

经济过热 overheated economy

抑制炒房地产热 stem frenzied and speculative trading in the property market

宏观调控 macro-economic control

经济杠杆 economic levers

产业政策 industrial policy

财政，税收，信贷，利率，汇率 public financing， taxation， credit， interest rate， exchange rate

提高经济效益 enhance economic performance/returns

社会效益 social effect/returns

实现持续、稳定、协调的发展 bring about sustained， stable and coordinated development

财政赤字（盈余） budget deficit（surplus）

外贸出口总额 gross foreign export value

外商直接投资协议金额 contracted foreign direct investment

实际利用外资 foreign investment in actual use

三资企业（中外合资合作、外商独资经营） three kinds of enterprises with foreign investment：sino-foreign joint venture， contractual joint venture

允许外商独资经营 allow full foreign equity operation

优惠条件 confessional terms； favorable terms

减免税收 tax reduction and exemption

合作方式 approaches to cooperation

出资方式 means of contributing investment

合营期限 contract term of a joint venture

三来一补（来料加工，来件装配，来样加工） processing and compensation trades（processing with materials or given samples， assembling supplied components）

贸易伙伴 trade partner

转口贸易 transit trade

外贸顺差 foreign trade surplus

积极引进外来资金、技术、人才和管理经验 actively introduce capital， technology， competent professionals and managerial expertise form outside

交钥匙工程 turn-key project

招标承包制 bidding invitation contract system

招标出售技术 bids for technology

公开招标 call for bid； tenders

招标单 invitation for bid （IFB）

标书 bidding document

竟标 competitive bidding

投标 bid for a project

投标报价书 bid proposals

评标 bid proposal evaluation

开标 bid opening

中标 win a bid； be awarded a tender

拍卖 auction

租赁 leasing

经济类英语专业词汇

常用经济类词汇： economist 经济学家 socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济 liberal economy 自由经济 mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义 autarchy 闭关自守 primary sector 初级成分 private sector 私营成分,私营部门public sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels 经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策

economic recovery 经济复原understanding 约定 concentration 集中 holding company 控股公司 trust 托拉斯 cartel 卡特尔 rate of growth 增长 economic trend 经济趋势 economic situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本建设 standard of living 生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 短缺 stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的 developing 发展中的 initial capital 创办资本 frozen capital 冻结资金 frozen assets 冻结资产 fixed assets 固定资产 real estate 不动产,房地产

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