【托福写作备考】TPO24综合写作文本与解析
TPO24套综合写作练习
TPO24套综合写作练习1.In the United States, workers usually work five days a week, but many of them want to work four days a week and are willing to reduce the pay by 80 percent.According to the reading, the new policy will increase the profits of the company because the workers will make fewer mistakes and get less pay for shortened workweek. However, the lecture stated that it will not increase the profits. The company will pay more to provide training, office space and computers which may cut off the profits of it.The second reason in the reading is that it can reduce the unemployment rates by shifting workload to others who will be hired. But the speaker does not agree with it. He thinks that no extra position are available to others. If the workers work four days a week and finish the same work as five days, the company does not need to hire more workers in addition.The last reason the reading gives is that four-day workweek can give workers more freetime to get better individual life. While the lecture says that free personal life may take a risk reducing the quality of the workers abilities. They may do worse in their career than work for an entire workweek.（210）2.The lecture talked about a story on how a team of people perform when they turn out a project. In the reading passage, the author believes that it is the best way for people to make up a team to accomplish new projects. However, the lecturer used a real example to contradict the opinion.Firstly, the passage says that a group of people has a broad range of knowledge and each of them may has some unique technique so the members of the team will complement others and improve the level of the whole team at last. Whereas, the story told by the speaker shows the opposite performance. After a few months that a team were asked to be responsible for a project, he found that most of the members in the team were free, who didn't contribute to the work at all. Otherwise, the main contributor also had a negative attitude on the team.Secondly, the passage holds the view that every member of the team can be rewarded by taking part in a group process. The members who make decisions will feel better about carrying out the work. However, the speaker argues that a team usually cannot move quickly, wasting a lot of time on meeting.Furthermore, if the one or two influential members said the idea couldn't work, the others will drop it instead of further discussion. As a result, the project may not be highly creative. What's more, some may warn the rest of the team that the direction was wrong and ignored others. Once the project failed, all the members would be blamed.Word Count: 2683. There are some doubts about some paintings attributed to Rembrandt who is the most famouspainters in Dutch during the seventeenth-century. The passage claims that the painting of a portrait of an elderly woman in a white bonnet could not be a work by Rembrandt. However, the woman in the lecture firmly held her opinion that it was indeed painted by him.Firstly, the reading passage said that there was something inconsistent about the woman's clothes in the painting. On the other hand, the speaker argued that through the X-rays the fur collar of her coat was proved not drawn by Rembrandt but added many years after he painted it by someone who wanted to make it valuable.Secondly, according to the passage, Rembrandt would never had made such an error on light and shadow while the lecturer stated that the dark fur collar was added later and the true color he painted was light, reflecting the woman's face clearly, so the work was surely painted by him.Thirdly, Rembrandt did paint some works on a panel made of pieces of wood glued together. The speaker contradicted the statement that he never painted on such a panel. The panel glued with single wood enlarged the size of the painting, making it more grand and valuable. Besides, there was evidence that one of his other works was painted on the wood of the same tree of this one.（237）4.The lecture discusses that dinosaurs cannot be endotherms which can keep their body temperatures constantly which differs from the main idea in the reading passage. There are three evidences in the reading to prove that dinosaurs are endotherms, while the lecturer holds an opposite view on it.First of all, the reading makes the point that the dinosaurs living in polar regions must maintain a higher temperature than the extremely freezing environment so that they can survive. The lecture, in contrast, points out that the polar regions where dinosaur fossils were discovered were proved warmer places before.Furthermore, according to the lecture, the legs of dinosaurs which were underneath the body are to support more weight, making the dinosaurs have larger size. So it is wrong that they were used for running efficiently like endotherms by the article.Finally, the professor states that Haversian canals found in the bones of dinosaurs shows that they didn't grow rapidly at any time and grew more slowly in cold time, but the endotherms grow quickly all the time even in cold seasons. On the other hand, the reading only sees the surface but not the essence.Word Count: 1935. Archaeologists are still not sure about the use of the great houses in New Mexico which contains hundreds of rooms. The reading passage gives three competing theories, but the lecture says that none of them has convincing evidence.Firstly, the passage claims that the great houses were used as apartment for hundreds of people.However, the speaker claims that there are only a few fire places inside the big houses. If more than a hundred families lived in the houses, it was not enough for them to keep warm.Secondly, the reading material argues that the houses were used to store food supplies, such as the grain maize. Nevertheless, the lecture thinks it unsupported because there were not enough containers to store maize. It is impossible that the maize was stored on the floor uncovered in the houses.Thirdly, there is another theory proposes that they were used as centers for some special ceremonies while the lecture holds the opposite opinion. It states that there were more other building materials left than the broken pots. It seemed that they were not used up after the buildings were completed. So it can't be used to hold special ceremonies.（200）6. The lecture discusses the disadvantages of communal online encyclopedias compared with the traditional, printed encyclopedias which differ from the main idea in the reading. The professor argues that the disadvantages listed by the reading passage cannot hold the water.Firstly, the reading passage claims that the communal online encyclopedias are usually lacking in professional evidences, so they have many mistakes. The lecture, on the contrary, holds a different view that they may not perfect, but errors are inevitable. No encyclopedias without any errors can be found both in communal online ones and the traditional ones.Secondly, according to the reading, even if the original entry online is correct, the massages will be changed during the process of transfer. On the other hand, the professor states that the contents in the traditional encyclopedias are usually considered reliable which can't be changed. However, they may not be always right. The online encyclopedias can change mistakes in a relative short time when people make use of it.Lastly, the writer said that the online encyclopedias focus too much while that printed ones can tell us which parts are important. However, the professor claims that the diversities of the onl ine encyclopedias are just the strongest advantages of them.（204）7.The lecture discusses that American wood companies will adopt new, ecologically friendly practices which differs from the main idea in the reading that they will not do the same things as wood companies in other countries.Firstly, the reading passage claims that American consumers would not value or pay attention to the ecocertification label on the products and they do not believe in the ads so much. The professor, on the contrary, holds a different view that trades distinguish from each other and they have confidence in on ecocertification ads independently which will do favor to them.Secondly, according to the reading, American consumers care the price most that they will not buy the certified wood product at a higher price. On the other hand, the professor states that there are no people who don't care about price. If the prices of the ecocertified products are notmuch too higher, Americans are willing to pay a little more money to the eco-products.Finally, the professor argues that the competition between American wood companies and foreign companies are fierce. If the native companies don't occupy the market first, other foreign companies will get into the American market before them. This statement chanllenges the standpoint made by the writer that American wood companies won’t pursue the trend to sell ecocertified products.（219）8. The Chevaliver de Seingalt wrote a long memoir talking about his life and adventures, the reading passage believes that his memoir could be used as a historical source but the lecture does not agree with it.Firstly, the reading material claims that the Chevalier was poor because he needed to borrow money. However, the speaker explains the reason why he was not poor. She said that he spend a large amount of money on making constructions so he borrowed money only to wait his money to arrive, which didn't mean that he was not wealthy.Secondly, the reading passage believes that he could not remember all the details about the conversations with the famous writer after so many years, but the listening passage holds the opposite opinion. He wrote everything about the conversations down just after them and kept the notes for many years. Then he composed the memoir by referring to his notes.Lastly, the article argues that Chevaliver escaped from the prison by his politically well-connected friends' help while the speaker insists that he did escape by himself. There are prisoners with more power who can't be set free and the evidence shows that after he escape his old prison roof was surely repaired.（207）9. It is said that the main source of power, the inter-combustion engine, would be replaced by the hydrogen-based fuel-cell engine. The reading passage gives three advantages of the new engine, but the lecture disagrees with them.Firstly, the passage claims that the fuel petroleum used by the internal-combustion engine will soon be used up and the hydrogen is easily available. However, the speaker says that hydrogen is not an easily available fuel. It is not directly usable at present because it has difficulty in deriving from other sources and storing as pure liquid.Secondly, the reading material states that the hydrogen-based fuel cells will solve the pollution made by cars while the lecture doesn't agree with it. Although the burning of the hydrogen fuel will not pollute the air, during the procedure of the production, more pollutant will be made. In order to get pure hydrogen, more energies that produce harmful gases are required.Thirdly, the reading passage points out that hydrogen-based engines are economic because it works more efficiently. Nevertheless, the speaker argues that some rear expensive metal will be used to make the hydrogen-based engine, so it may cost more money.（196w）10. The passage claims that pollution hypothesis is more likely to cause the decline of sea otters. However, the woman in the lecture firmly held her opinion that the predation hypothesis is much stronger.Firstly, the reading passage said that there are a lot of sources of industrial pollution along the Alaska coast. The pollution causes infections for the sea otters and could kill them. On the other hand, the speaker argued that no one can find any dead otters washing off on the beaches of Alaska. If they were killed by pollution, there should be many otters washing off a shore.Secondly, according to the passage, other sea mammals were also declining, which proved the environmental pollution to be the reason of otter declining. While the lecturer stated that although orcas prefer to hunt other whales, the population of the whale declines because of human's hunting. As a result, orcas have had to change their diet to eat smaller sea mammals, including otters. That's how the predators cause the decline of so many species.Thirdly, the speaker contradicted the statement in the passage that ocean currents or other factors may create uneven pattern of otter decline on the coast. She claims that this was decided by whether the location of otters is accessible for orcas. Precisely, where the location is accessible, the population of the otters declines greatly.11.12. Recently, a professionally painted portrait of a teenage girl has come up for sale. The reading passage believes that the girl is one of the famous English novelists Jane Austen. However, the speaker in the lecture claims that evidences are not convinced.Firstly, according to the passage, Austen's family permitted to use the portrait in an edition of her letters after a few years of her death and they clearly recognized it as Jane's portrait. Whereas,the lecturer argues that the letters of the author were published seventy years after Jane died so that the Austen family themselves may not have seen her when she was alive.Secondly, the reading passage declares that the face of the portrait was very much like the one in Jane's sister Cassandra's sketch. While in the lecture, the speaker states that this cannot prove that the portrait is Jane herself. It is maybe a relative of her who looked like her. What's more, some experts said that the teenage girl was one of Jane's nieces named Mary.Thirdly, the style of the painting links it to Humphrey, who was active in the period when Jane was the age of a teenage girl. On the other hand, there is later evidence showed that the painting was sold by William. At that time, Jane had been 27years old, who was not a teenager.Word Count: 22713. In recent years, the sales of fossils has grown into a large business. Private collectors are interested in fossil trade. The reading passage claims that this is unfortunate for science and public while the lecturer thinks that it is greatly exaggerated.Firstly, the passage states that the private collectors will hide the fossils and do not let the public see them which may decline the public interest in fossils. However, the woman in the lecture argues that it will result in a great exposure of fossils. There must be a lot of fossils exposed to the public in schools or libraries if the collectors collect more fossils.Secondly, the reading material points out that scientists are likely to lose access to some important fossils. Nevertheless, the speaker said that the fossils' value must need scientific definition which should be done by scientific experts, so the valuable fossils must be seen by experts first before the collectors.Thirdly，the reading passage claims that the valuable scientific evidence of fossils are often destroied by the collectors who are untrained or uninterested in .But the lecture argues that the fossils often go undercover ways and nobody knows that location of them so that they should be safe.（205w）14. Salvage logging means that removing dead trees from a forest which is damaged by fires or natural disasters and use the wood for economic purposes. The reading passage states that it is good both for the damaged forest and the economy, while the speaker think it may cause severer and longer environment damage.Firstly, the passage claims that the dead trees may take up too much room where new trees will grow. However, the lecturer argues that cleaning up the forest after the disaster is unnecessary. The dead trees can make the soil full of nutrition and the lack of nutrients will prevent the new trees to grow well.Secondly, according to the passage, decaying wood is a highly suitable environment for insects to live and reproduce, especially the bark beetle, which can damage the trees. On the other hand,the speaker declares that the insects live in the forest for a lot of years but the forest still survives, so it is not a reason. What's more, the dead trees are not only habitats of harmful insects but also of beneficial birds which can benefit the other trees.Thirdly, the economic benefits that mentioned in the reading passage are too small. Besides, using the helicopters or other vehicles to carry the dead trees are expensive. Jobs created from the salvage logging are temporary and most of the workers are travelers from outside but not the local people.Word Count: 23815.Three measures have been suggested to solve the problem causing by the spread of cane toads in Australia from South America. However, the speaker in the lecture claims that these measures cannot be successful and they may cause more serious environment damage.Firstly, building a national fence, as the reading passage says, will not prevent the cane toads from moving to another place in Australia. The lecturer states that young toads and toads' eggs are carried by the rivers and streams, which flow to the other side of the country. No matter whether there is a national fence or not, they can move there and establish a new population.Secondly, according to the passage, government can organize a group of volunteers to capture and destroy the toads. While the speaker declares that although they may destroy a lot of toads, they could destroy the Australian local frogs as well, some of which are species in danger. Because of a lack of specific training, the volunteers may not distinguish the toads and the frogs especially when they are young. As a result, severer damage will be caused.Finally, it is a totally wrong idea to use the virus in order to control the toads in Australia. Though there is no harm for the reptile and amphibian species to get infected in the virus, some of these species will be transport to South America, which is the toads' hometown. The virus carried by them will harm the local toads which make up an important part of the ecosystem in South America. Thus, the whole ecosystem will suffer this disaster.Word Count: 26720. In the USA, many people criticize the "let it burn" policy because it causes a lot of damage for the Yellowstone Park. The reading passage states three damages while the speaker argues that the forest fire is a natural phenomenon which is not destructive but creative.Firstly, the reading passage claims that it causes a large amount of damage to the vegetation. However, the speaker in the lecture disagrees with this and says that new plants can grow on the scorched land which results in the diversity of plants.Secondly, according to the passage, wild animals are also affected by the fire. They may lose their living environment and cannot find food because of the broken of the food chains. On the other hand, the lecturer thinks that animals may create new populations like the vegetation. Because small plants replace big trees, small animals like rabbits who feed on these small plants willflourish. And then big animals eating these small animals will get stronger than before so that the whole population of animals is increased after the fire.Thirdly, the passage declares that the fire harms the tourism and reduces the economic profits. On the contrary, the lecturer argues that the fire in the park is usual because of the dry weather and less rainfall. Even though there is always fire, the visitors come to the park each year after year. So the fire won't affect the tourism profits.Word Count: 23621. The lecture discusses that the genetically modified trees will cause several serious problems along with the advantages which differs from the main idea in the reading that planting these trees on a large scale ensure a large number of benefits.Firstly, the reading passage makes the point that the genetically modified trees are more likely to survive because of their hardier genes than their counterparts. The professor, in contrast, holds a different view. He thinks that the genetically modified trees can only resist some individual condition so that they will all die if they are grown in the environments which haven't been designed for them.Secondly, according to the passage, the genetically modified trees tend to grow faster and produce more fruit or other products, which brings a number of economic benefits to people who grow them. On the other hand, the professor states that growing these trees may cost more than normal trees. By law, they must pay the company for the special seeds of genetically modified trees every time they grow them.Finally, the professor argues that the use of genetically modified trees will cause more damage to the wild trees instead of benefiting them which challenge the standpoint made by the writer. He claims that the genetically modified trees will compete for nutrition such as water with the wild trees.（223）24. The reading passage talks about a discovery: when the fossil of leg bone of T.rex's was broken open, some tissues of animal were found. However, the lecture contradicts the reading's opinion.Firstly, the passage believes that the small branching channels in the bone was where blood vessels once located. On the contrary, the speaker in the lecture is skeptical to this statement. He said that the evidence is not enough. It may not be blood vessels but something else in the empty of the bone.Secondly, The reading gives another evidence that the spheres contained iron-a material were probably the remains of red blood cells. Whereas, the lecturer holds the opposite view. He claims that the spheres with iron seemed to be some kind of mineral.Thirdly, scientists found collagen in the bone, which is a fibrous protein making up the living bonetissue. While the speaker argues that collagen couldn’t last so long from the dinosaur age, and it should come from recent things. It is possible that it came from a researcher who held the bone. Word Count: 178。
2021年4月24日托福独立写作真题预测与范文
2021年4月24日托福独立写作真题预测诚实说话Agree or disagree： People should state their honest opinions even though they know others will disagree with their views.2021年4月24日托福独立写作范文It is undeniable that people may have different opinions about same things， and there exists the perception that it is recommendable for people to state their honest opinions even if they know others may oppose their views. Personally， I mostly agree with this point of view.First， expressing one＇s idea honestly can let others know what you really want. People are not mind readers and if you says don＇t speak out your true thoughts， they will never know. For instance， I want to eat out with my friends. I want to eat sushi but my friends may want to eat dumplings. If I don＇t say anything about whatI want andjust go with the groups， they will assumethat I like to eat dumplings. But， actually， I doesn＇t. So，by speaking honest， my friends will eventually indulge my thoughts even if this time they won＇t.Second， showing one＇s idea directly to others will give others the chance to point out why you are wrong. Sometimes what we believe is not right and we need guidance from others. For example，an news triggered a heated debate among netizens. The news says a thief called the police to help the sick owner when he was trying to steal things in his house. Many people may argue that the thief shouldn＇t be punished for his crime， while you may think the thief deserves punishment.Then， your opponents may points out that the punishment may prevent the thief from helping others in the future， and this may make people more apathetic. After this enlightenment， you may realize the flaw of your argument.However， being blunt about things is not always a good strategy， and sometimes it may embarrass others or yourself. For example， in a cocktail party， your boss is bragging about howfantastic his trip to Maldives. He talks about the food he ate there and the beautiful scenes. You， however， despise such trip and you thinktrip to Maldives are really cheesy. You think the place is not asmagical as it used to be， and it is flled with upstarts who just wantto show off. If you really say that out loud in front your boss andother guests， people may think you are a pessimistic party pooper.So， I can understand why some people frown upon the honest talk.In conclusion， although honest opinions are not appropriate in certain circumstance， I believe that it is necessary for people to express one ＇s true opinion to others.托福独立写作开头段要点背景铺垫在独立写作的背景铺垫中，首先我们需要明晰独立写作常考的15个topic，其中包括education，technology，sports等。
TPO24套独立写作
TPO24套独立写作1.Nowadays, in order to make the university or college students receive more comprehensive educations, all kinds of sports, social activities are added to the daily life of these students. Some may say that they are as important as classes and libraries and receive equal financial support. In my opinion, this statement is not valid though it has a grain of truth.First of all, social activities and sports are not as important as classes and libraries at universities or colleges. Although we must admit that sports and social activities have a great influence on the students' body and mind, the students should not pay excessive attention on that. Anyway, academic education takes the first seat. Students come to universities or colleges for further education so that they can get special knowledge and technique to make a difference after graduation. If a student doing sports or social activities all day, escaping from the classes and not going to library to study, chances are high that he will fail to pass the final exam.Moreover, social activities and sports do not require equal money to classes and libraries do. Universities should hire teachers for the classes and also need to buy a lot of teaching devices, like computers, experimental facilities and samples. Besides, the libraries should be armed with sufficient books and high-tech computers. These cost much more money than some devices of sports or holding social activities.In a word, at universities or colleges, compared to classes and libraries, social activities and sports require less financial support. They are surely not more important than academic education for students. (267)2.There no doubt that honesty is always one of the best characters of human beings. However, must we tell the truth in any relationship and any circumstance? I don't think so.Admittedly, telling the truth plays an essential role in maintaining relationships. Consider children and parents. The parents taught their young children to be honest from their childhood. The children should not tell lies when they did something wrong, or else the parents will be angry and disappointed with them. Consider husband and wife. Trust between them ties them together. If a husband wants to do something that his wife may not want him to do, he would discuss it with her in order to acquire her permission rather than cheat her. Once the wife realizes that her husband can't be reliable, the relationship may be in danger. Consider businessmen and customers. Customers buy goods from the businessmen while businessmen make profits from the customers. If they cheat each other, the relationship will break and both of them can't benefit.However, the statement that always telling the truth is the most important consideration doesn't hold water. Consider doctor and patients. For patients who suffer from serious diseases, telling them the truth that they may not survive will break their hope and throw them into desperation. Consider children and parents again. A young child draws a picture and runs to his mother excitedly, asking her whether the picture he drew is beautiful. If you are the mother, can you say, "Oh, it is too ugly!"? Of course you can't. You will hurt the pure heart of your child.In conclusion, telling truth is good, but we cannot always tell the truth on any occasions. To get along with the people around us, only honesty is not enough. We should act in a flexible and proper way to maintain a better relationship among others.Word Count: 3123.In a whole life of a person, one may has many friends. Some of them were known from childhood and some may be known only a few days. There is a saying that it is more important to stay in touch with your old friends than it is to meet new friends. I don't agree with it although it has a grain of truth.First of all, making new friends can get you more and more old friends. In our childhood, all of us would make our first friends in our life. Then we played with the first new friends several times, learned more about each other and finally became familiar old friends. Later on, we made more new friends and they were gradually becoming our old friends. If you don't make any new friends at all, you will not have old friends, let alone keeping your old friends.Furthermore, communicating with others from all kinds of backgrounds and making friends with them can gain you more access to a wider range of fields in the future. Suppose you have a difficult problem with your math homework, you can ask one of your friends who is good at math to help; suppose you want to go hiking, you can ask a friend of yours who likes hiking to go with you. Whenever you are in trouble, there may always be a friend waiting to help you.Admittedly, keeping old friends means a lot for us. Old friends could know more about us and give more help to us. However, keeping in touch with old friends doesn't mean that we shouldn't make new friends. Both of them are important for everyone.In a word, I think that making new friends is as important as keeping old friends. We should value them to the same degree.Word Count: 3044．With the development of society, cars are everywhere nowadays. Some people may expect that there will be fewer cars in use than there are today, while I really think it impossible.Firstly, people who are expected to drive cars are increasing. In cities, parking lots are full forever. Even along the sidewalks, a string of cars are lying there. Besides, cars are becoming more popular in the countryside than in the past. Because of the increase of population of the whole world and the economic level of people's lives, more and more people are willing to and can afford to buy cars.Secondly, the rapid construction of transportation makes the car market more popular. Countries all over the world consider the development of transportation a basic symbol of a country's developed standards. As a result, Governments are busy building all kinds of high ways to ensure a good traffic. Therefore, more companies may invest in car industry, manufacturing more cars inthe future.Thirdly, the prices of the fuel, such as oil and gas, start to fall down recently, and will be cheaper later, so driving cars may become more economic as well as convenient. Furthermore, new energies come into use which will results in an environmental way to drive cars.In a word, because there is an increasing number of people who want to use economic and convenient cars, there won't be fewer cars in twenty years than today, but more.Word Count: 2425.With the development of the society, the living standards of people have improved a lot. As a result, people have extra money and time to enjoy themselves, always doing things they like to do, rather than doing thing they should do. I agree with the statement for the following reasons.First of all, students today spend too much time on computer games and the internet. After school, it is normal now that students usually go home to play computer games of surf the internet in the whole evening. However, as they are so young that they should learn more knowledge of all kinds by reading books. Playing sports with friends outside is also a good choice. Spending so much time before the computer is not only harmful to their body but also to the relationship between people around them and themselves.In addition, adults nowadays are always busy with dinning together instead of work. In China, treating friends to meals when we have happy things to share or show thanks to them because of their help is a tradition. However, at present, this kind of meals are too much, for example, my father has to attend two meals a day with different people sometimes. Adults should pay more attentions to their career, rather than just eating all day long.Admittedly, having fun is also important for people. Proper relaxing activities is good for health, but these cannot be the main career we should do. When we have fun, we should control it in a suitable extent, keeping balance between enjoyments and study or work.Doing things we like to do may be easier, so many people today spend too much time enjoying themselves. Nevertheless, people should do something significant for their life, even though it may be harder.Word Count: 2986.With the development of the society, the economic and scientific levels are increasingly improved nowadays, which results in a higher life standard of people. I agree that life is much easier and more comfortable than in the past time when our grandparents were young.First of all, more and more medical facilities such as hospitals have been built in recent years which gives the residents both living in city and countryside an easier access to therapy in time. Meanwhile, the government set up a large number of medical insurance to help people who are in need.Furthermore, the education today has been lifted to new heights. The classrooms now are modern, with all kinds of multi-media using for teaching. Besides, they are very bright, clean and warm, while in the past, the students may experience a hard time studying at school. Moreover, the levels of the teachers today are much higher than before. They are usually at least university graduates, but in our grandparents' childhood, the young teacher might be just a little older than the students.Finally, there are more recreations at present, in the past however, children always have no place to play. Today, especially in big cities, parents taking their children to play in the park is seen everywhere. Young adults will prefer to go to the theatre to watch a movie with friends or play a certain sports in a special court. On the contrary, old people would rather stay at home, watching TV or playing chess. All the people enjoy themselves.In a word, life has become more and more comfortable and almost everybody today can live a happy life than in the past.（279）7. As a student for nearly twenty years, nothing is the more normal than having classes everyday. However, have you thought over that which way the teachers teach lessens to us will make it easy to for us to understand better, by telling us the ideas and concepts or by facts? In my opinion, learning facts is more important for students.First of all, learning facts can make the students remember the knowledge deeper and longer. If the students are always forced to recite the ideas and concepts, they can't remember the theories clearly even spend a lot of time on them. As a result, they may lose heart in the knowledge and remember nothing useful. However, if the teacher tells them a true story about a theory such as how the truth was found or how the scientist work out the difficult problem, the students will form a deeper memory in their mind which will not disappear for a long time.Moreover, the students will feel boring and impatient when learning only ideas and concepts so that they may lose interest in the study or even give up the subjects. On the other hand, vivid stories on the ideas and concepts can draw attention from the students which make them eager to know the ending of the story and take an active part in the study.In addition, learning from facts may cultivate the creative thinking of the students. The ideas and concepts based on the facts are not always right so that many theories are under revised all the time. The students should found their own understanding on the facts and form some new ideas. Only in this way will they have a creative mind and make a difference to the development of science.In a word, learning facts will push forward the students to be more understanding, active and creative than ideas and concepts.（316）8.Nowadays, all kinds of advertisements are presented on television. Some people may beworried that the television advertising, especially those which are directed to young children aged two to five, will has a negative influence on children so that it should be forbidden. However, I don't think so. In my opinion, the TV advertising should have a positive effect on the children although it indeed has some downsides.First of all, most of the TV advertising directed toward young children is about positive things. These advertisements are usually not for commercial purpose but for public welfare, which tell the young children how to become a kind person, how to help others or how to perform well in public places. Therefore, it is good for children to watch them.In addition, advertising on TV are vivid, colorful and plentiful, which may be helpful to young children's growth. The color and the movement is an effective stimulation to young children whose brains are developing quickly. Watching these short movies is proper for children aged two to five to become clever.Admittedly, there are a few TV advertising telling something negative, which may do harm to the pure heart of young children. However, parents should be responsible for what kind of advertising their children watch. They must choose positive ones for their children in order not to harm them.In a word, good，vivid television advertising directed to young children should be allowed for them to watch in order to make their growth better. Meanwhile, parents should avoid them to watch some bad ones.Word Count: 2629. Technology has made children less creative than they were in the past.Nowadays, technology is becoming more and more advanced and the life is much more comfortable than in the past. Some people begin to worry that technology has damaged the creative abilities of our children at current times. While I don't think so. In my opinion, the development of technology makes children more creative.Firstly, the high-tech society gives children more chances to do creative activities. In the past, there were only a few fields for people to study. However, as time went by, more and more new fields have been developed. As a result, more creative ideas are needed to make to deeper research. Children can produce positive creation to the various areas of technology.Besides, governments make measures to encourage inventions and creations, which make children more active. Inventions made by children and teenagers range from kindergarten to high school. Furthermore, in the university, government supports all kinds of creative projects made by the students. What's more, advanced tools and machines can be used for creative events, which make it easy to do experiments.Admittedly, to succeed in the creative career becomes more difficulty, which makes it seems that children in contemporary society are less creative than they were in the past. In fact, in thehigh-tech society, children have to learn more basic knowledge from a variety of subjects so that they can achieve higher levels to make more advanced inventions. Although it maybe harder to succeed, but children do become more creative.In a word, high technology makes children nowadays more creative than in ancient times. They have more opportunities and support to be creative than children in the past. I believe that no matter how hard to be successful in the creative career, children in the contemporary society will spare no effort to be creative talents.Word Count: 30010. Playing computer games is a waste of time. Children should not be allowed to play them. As computers become more and more universal in people's home, children have an easier way to play computer games. Many parents start to worry that their children may be addicted to computer games and waste a lot of time playing instead of study. However, I disagree with this statement although it has some truth.First of all, playing computer games is not just a waste of time, but makes children's brains and hands more flexible. By controlling the keyboard and the mouse to accomplish the task in the game, they should practice many times in order to achieve the success. This is the basic skills for them in the future when they are at work.Besides, children can not only learn things and gain experiences in the computer games but also enjoy the happiness. Nowadays, a variety of tools are invented for children to learn knowledge by playing computer games, for example, learning English words by typing games. What's more, children can also learn social and family experiences by playing a role in the game. Meanwhile, they are happy to play the computer games, so it is an efficient way to learn.Admittedly, playing computer games has some disadvantages, but we can avoid them. Every coin has two sides. As long as we treat the computer games properly and prevent the children from playing for too much time, they cannot do harm to children. If the children only play computer games in their spare time for relaxing and study more effective after it, the games won't have a negative effect on them.To draw a conclusion, computer games are not bad things for children and they can become more flexible, gaining knowledge and happiness. The key is how to control the degree of playing them. So children should not be forbidden to play computer games.Word Count: 30511. With the development of science and technology, Internet provides people with a convenient access to a lot of useful information. While some people think that access to so much information causes some problems. I think that Internet, indeed, offers us a large amount of valuable information.First of all, with the Internet, we can look for the information we need easily and quickly. Justclick on the mouse, all kinds of useful information will come up on the screen. We don't need to go out to the libraries or the bookstores to refer to the thick and heavy books, so the Internet is a convenient tool to search information.Secondly, most of the information on the Internet comes from formal resources, so they are usually valuable. Nowadays, almost every sort of books has a electronic version and they will be put on the Internet. The content of the books are the same in most cases. Other information like news, TV plays and music, will update every minute, which ensure us the latest information.Admittedly, some bad information may create problems. However, this cannot deny the advantages of Internet. We should learn to tell right from wrong, choosing to get valuable information instead of rubbish news. Only in this way will we solve the problems.In a word, although a little part of information on the Internet may cause problems, the majority of the information is useful for people. The internet provides us with an easier and faster way to a variety of valuable information. As long as we abandon those bad news, we can make a good use of the information from the Internet.Word Count: 27412. It is better to have broad knowledge of many academic subjects than to specialize in one specific subject.There is always a fierce debate between learning knowledge from many subjects and specializing in only one subject. As the society is becoming so colorful that knowledge from all kind s of fields are used in people's lives. I think that it is better to learn broad knowledge of many academic subjects than to study a specific subject.First of all, to study broad knowledge from a variety of areas can make you understand them better than to learn only one subject. Actually, all kinds of knowledge are related to each other. Usually, we can explain a question from different aspects, which can give a more complete and accurate answer. For example, evaporation can be both explained by physics and biology.What's more, if you keep on studying only one specific subject, you may feel boring and cannot have a quick mind after long time of work. Studying other fields of knowledge will offer you a broad thought of questions, meanwhile, you can get some parts of your brain relaxed and other parts active so that your brain can keep clear all the time.Admittedly, to be successful in a specific subject you may spend more time and pay more attention and energy to it, but this does not mean you don't need to study other subjects. Many famous physicists are chemists at the same time, and some of them may study geology, astronomy or biology as well. Newton is a great mathematician and physicist too. Studying more fields of knowledge has a good influence on their specific subject.13. Nowadays, the scale of family is becoming smaller and smaller. Especially in China, because ofthe policy of our government, most of the families today are core families, which have only one child of each family. As a result, the extended family with a lot of relatives living together has become less common than in the past. I agree with the statement that the extended family is less important now.First of all, with the development of technology, life is much easier than before so that family members do not need too much help from their relatives. Every small family can live an independent life by themselves easily in current times. Public facilities and all kinds of welfare can ensure a good living standard. We do not have to depend on a big family now as in the past.Furthermore, the more members in a family, the more conflicts they may have. Realizing that there are many conflicts among the members of an extended family, most people choose to live with their own small family, which has only parents and the children. It is hard to keep an extended family function well, so there are much less families like this now.Admittedly, some families also like to live together as an extended family, but it can not deny the fact that it is less important than in the past. Families may live a little far away from each other, but it doesn't mean that they have no contact with each other. Through the high-tech communication tools, we can talk with our cousins every day.To conclude, the development of technology makes us live an independent and harmony life within a smaller family. In the contemporary society, small families are more universal. Meanwhile, the extended family has become less important than it was in the past time.Word Count: 306To draw a conclusion, it is much better to study many kinds of academic subjects than just to stick to only one specific subject. With more subjects combining together, you can come up with more creative ideas and have a higher chance to contribute to the development of science and technology.Word Count: 32814. People benefit more from traveling in their own country than from traveling to foreign countries.Nowadays, the standards of people's lives are becoming higher and higher, which contributes to an unprecedented flourish of traveling. Meanwhile, the controversy between traveling abroad and traveling in people's own country turns out to be fiercer. In my opinion, people will benefit more from traveling to foreign countries than from traveling in their hometown.First of all, traveling abroad can provide people with a new and different cultural atmosphere, from which people can learn more diverse civilization. Staying at home for decades of years, people may feel tired of the familiar surroundings in their hometown. It is a better choice to have a visit to another country. You can enjoy a wonderful journey until you go into the outside world.What's more, visiting foreign countries will improve the skills of communication and make morevarious friends from all over the world. By staying at a strange country, people can at least learn a little of a foreign language and some traditions of people from different nations or races. Besides, making friends with a person who does not speak your mother tongue is a challenge and you must experience an interesting time talking with them.Admittedly, traveling abroad may be complex and expensive, but it is worth having such a great trip. The beautiful scenery of a foreign country cannot be bought in people's hometown even if you spend so much money. Thousands of pictures of the scenery cannot match even one glance at it by your own eyes.To draw a conclusion, traveling abroad has more advantages over traveling in people's own country, such as enjoying a different cultural atmosphere and improving the skills of communication by making friends with foreign people. Thus, I think that people will benefit more from traveling to foreign countries.Word Count: 29521. Nowadays, people who relate well to someone in charge usually get higher chance to havinga better job. However, does it mean that you can study harder in school but just concentrate on improving the ability to relate to others? I must say no although it has a grain of truth.First of all, you can achieve a solid foundation by studying hard in school, which will do much good to your future job. The relation to people who are in charge is just a chance. Without solid base on knowledge and technique, even though there is an opportunity right in front you, you will not be able to catch it. Suppose that you are manager in a company, which one do you want to hire, a fool you know or a excellent stranger? The answer is obvious.Moreover, if you don't have the ability to work on special fields, you will finally lose your job. Getting a job by relations often means that you don't have a sufficient capacity to do the work perfectly. When you can't complete your job all the time, the leader will get angry with you and probably think to fire you. Then you will be in danger with you careerAdmittedly, it is a common phenomenon that relations can give you higher chance for a job and if you make proper use of it, it can't be blamed so much. Whereas this phenomenon shouldn't be worth advocating after all. It gives the wrong idea to people that you can achieve success without hard work on your study, so we should avoid its negative influence.In a word, studying hard in school is much more important than the ability to relate well to others. With solid base and special ability, there is no doubt that you can catch the chance of a good job just for you when it is passing by.（318）.23. In today's world, people live a very busy life. Some people may prefer to work quickly, risking making mistakes, rather than work slowly and carefully. However, I don't agree with these people although their opinion may have a grain of truth.First of all, the work we should complete must require the quality but not quantity. Assuming that you are a secretary of a boss in a big company, the boss asks you to write a speech article of a meeting. If you just pursue the speed to finish it, you must make a lot of spelling or grammar mistakes. As a result, the boss will not satisfy with you job and ask you to do it again. It is total a waste of precious time! Why not write the article slowly and carefully, making sure that everything is correct. Then the boss will speak highly of you good work.Furthermore, if we make a proper schedule, we shall not be on the go. Sometimes, we work quickly without noticing the mistakes only because we want to accomplish the task as quickly as possible and go to relax ourselves, which seems release our pressure from the heavy work. However, time is there and it is how you manage it that makes you feel stressful. Arrange your time properly, combine work with recreation, and you will enjoy a comfortable schedule, making your life thoroughly improved.Admittedly, working faster is sometimes efficient, but the risk of making big mistakes is inevitable. Suppose you do an important work, for example, making an aircraft. Only one tiny mistake can ruin the whole machine or even your life. You would rather spend another day or month to check the aircraft carefully than navigate it risking your life.In a word, it is more important to work carefully, making everything right, even slowly, than to work quickly risking being wrong. Although we live a life on the go, we should be calm and deal with the problems wisely.（332w）24. Nowadays, in order to help the children live a better life in the future, some parents cannot wait to arrange some part-time jobs for their teenage children, encouraging them to earn some money by themselves. These parents think that it is one of the best ways to help the children grow up quickly. However, I disagree with this kind of statement although taking a part-time job may do some good to teenagers.First of all, teenagers, most of whom, are middle school or high school students. Doing a part-time job may have a bad influence on their study. They usually stay at school in the daytime and do their homework at home in the evening. At weekends, some students even need to learn music or art. As a result, they nearly have no time for a job. If they are forced to take a part-time job, they may fall behind with their grades.Furthermore, as a young student, it is not wise to step into the complex society too early. After all, they are still children and don't have sufficient experience to deal with the trouble occurring in the society. Therefore, they will be probably hurt by some bad guys or influenced by some bad habit, such as smoking and drinking.Admittedly, taking a part-time job has advantages. It can make the teenage children more independent so that they can look after themselves earlier in the future. However, if the teenager cannot have a healthy and happy childhood, how can they live a better life after they grow up?。
托福范文及赏析-TPO24独立写作-智课网
智课网TOEFL备考资料托福TPO独立写作TPO24One of the best ways that parents can help their teenage children prepare for adult life is to encourage them to take a part-time job.题目翻译父母帮助十几岁孩子成长为成年人的最佳方式之一是鼓励他们去做兼职工作。
审题关键词Teenage children, Adult life, Take a part-time job论证分析正: First and foremost, taking part-time job will definitely cultivate children's sense of independence and other abilities, which is very important to their future career and life.正：Besides, taking part-time job will also make children understand that earning money is not so much easy as they thought before.补：However, parents should help their teenagers to realize the balance between part-time job and study.范文Before a teenager becomes a young adult and earns their own living, his or her parents must help them to prepare for future life so that they can become totally independent. There must be many ways to help these ambitious young people, but in my point of view, part-time jobs should be the most appropriate way to help them. By taking part-time jobs at a young age, the young generation can be incorporated into the society without suffering.By taking part-time jobs, teenagers can appreciate hard working and cherish the money they have made. Therefore, in the future, they are more likely to become hard-working adults and know how to do finance management. Take myself as an example. I used to be very lazy and usually wasted my pocket money on useless things. But one summer vacation, I took a part-time job as a tutor. It was not an easy job because the kid I taught was really naughty and the weather was really hot, but finally I got good pay. After that, I did not waste any money, and I knew the value of hard-working.Additionally, by taking some part-time jobs, teenagers will learn some useful communicating techniques. This is very essential since we all live in a society and we have to communicate with different kinds of people almost every day. One of my friends took a part-time job as a waiter. He had to deal with a lot of different situations and had to cater for different customers. Time passed, he became very good at communicating with different people, but in the past he was really shy and unwilling to speak to strange people! The part-time job helped to lift him to a new height.Moreover, since teenagers accumulate useful experiences from part-time jobs, they are more likely to gain success in their future career. In addition, sometimes taking part-time jobs may offer teenagers good opportunities. My sister, when she was a junior, took a part-time job in a big company. During that time, her hard work and intelligence impressed her boss. Then her boss gave her an offer and after her graduation, she became one of the employees of the big company. Now she makes a very good living and works happily in this company. Chances are invaluable and we need to find ways to get the chances.So, to conclude, though there may be other ways, I believe that taking part-time jobs will be the best way to prepare a teenager to be an ambitious adult. Parents who plan to help their teenagers prepare for future life can take part-time jobs into consideration.满分要素剖析语言表达本文长短句结合，错落有致，流畅自然。
TPO 24 托福综合写作范文
TPO 24综合写作
阅读：恐龙化石里面含有actual tissue
听力：
阅读1：科学家发现了通道分支，在里面发现了soft and flexible organic substance, 证明actual blood vessel。
听力1：not blood vessel
有机体死了之后，细菌colonize骨骼，留下痕迹，细菌的遗留物
阅读2：sphere里面含有铁，可能是the remains of 红细胞
听力2：在其他动物化石里面也发现了，这些原始动物没有红细胞，不能证明恐龙化石里面含有红细胞
有其他来源，reddish minerals
阅读3：发现了骨中含有collagen，他是living bone tissue 的重要组成部分
听力3：不能存活太长时间：a hundred thousand years. 恐龙已经死亡超过70 million years ，发现的蛋白质不是恐龙
可能有其他来源：研究人员在处理骨头的时候留下的。
2021年4月24日托福写作考试真题及范文
2021年4月24日托福写作考试真题及范文在准备托福考试的时候，首先了解托福考试考什么内容，大家在备考的过程中可以找找托福考试的真题来训练，下面是分享的2021年4月24日托福写作考试真题及范文。
综合写作：美国Erie canal建造时的困难和解决方法。
阅读中提出了三个困难：1. 自然环境。
2. 人手不够。
3. 花钱太多。
听力一一给出了解决方法：1. 用动物帮忙+冬天开工。
2. 欧洲有移民。
3. 这个运河省钱省力人们用的更多了。
独立写作：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement？Getting advice from friends who are older than you is more valuable than getting advice from friends your same age.独立写作思路：1. 家长会给我们提一些建议，他们教我们如何选择朋友，发现我们潜在的能力；2. 老师会给我们提一些建议，帮助我们解决学习上的问题，指导我们进行职业规划；3. 导师会给我们提一些建议，帮助我们培养工作技能，管理人际关系。
独立写作范文A close friend is what every individual longs after. After all，a day without friendship is like a day without sunshine. A true friend should be one from who we can resort to for help or getvaluable suggestions when we are in time of adversity. People differ greatly in their views as to whether or not guidance and advice from older friends is superior to the counterparts from peers. As I see it，advice from elderly friends deserves more praises， although suggestions from our peers are never without their merits.For a start，rich life experience could be seen as a sort of precious wealth，including those bitter or frustrating experiences. Every individual grows up via experiencing failure or dilemma， one might，at times，feel puzzled，thereby，he or she needs advice and guidance from friends.Under such circumstances， older friends could be our best teachers because they have accumulated a pool of life wisdom，thus， their advice could be precious life guidance. A survey is persuasive enough to justify my stand， the survey conducted by Vista， after consulting many people have found that most respondents claimed that compared with communicating with peers， they prefer to get advice from elderly friends， for their suggestions could help to diminish the likelihood of failure and avoid detours.This debate reminds me of my Uncle Paul，who is a successful business leader. My uncle had studied in New Zealand for more than five years， so， he strongly recommended me to study abroad when facing with the option of studying at home or furthering my study in a foreign country. His suggestion was that a young man could become mature，tenacious and confident by personal struggle in an unfamiliar environment.After listening to my uncle’s advice， I studied even harder during the process of self-improvement， I happily found that I can be more attentive and have more self-discipline. Moreimportantly， I had a clear goal to fight for. It was the suggestion form my uncle that helps me to hardened my heart to study overseas. I had deliberately chosen to lead the life I desire， for the life wisdom learning from my uncle could be considered as a shortcut to success.Indeed，I have to concede that suggestions from peers might still their merits to some extent. An argument hold by some people is that people of the similar age have a lot in common such as growth environment or educational background，in this sense，their communication could be more convincing.Furthermore，some people might argue that the experiences of past bear little relevance to today’s life. What I want to rebut，however，is that youngs ter’s understanding about life is far from mature compared with those from older friends， after all， older friends are more far-sighted and wise.In closing，I re-affirm my conviction that guidance and suggestions from mature friends expert a far more profound and beneficial effect on one’s action.综合写作1、不主张不写阅读部分，即使你无话可说就把阅读内容第一句话同义改写。
托福TPO24综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO24综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO24综合写作阅读原文文本： Animal fossils usually provide very little opportunity to study the actual animal tissues, because in fossils the animals' living tissues have been largely replaced by minerals. Thus, scientists were very excited recently when it appeared that a 70-million-year-old fossil of Tyrannosaurus rex (T. rex), a dinosaur, might still contain remains of the actual tissues of the animal. The discovery was made when researchers deliberately broke open the T. rex’s leg bone, thereby exposing its insides to reveal materials that seem to be remains of blood vessels, red blood cells, and collagen matrix. First, the breaking of the fossilized leg bone revealed many small branching channels inside, which probably correspond to hollows in the bones where blood vessels were once located. The exciting finding was the presence of a soft, flexible organic substance inside the channels. This soft substance may very well represent the remains of the actual blood vessels of T. rex. Second, microscopic examination of the various parts of the inner bone revealed the presence of spheres that could be the remains of red blood cells. Tests showed that the spheres contained iron-a material vital to the role of red blood cells in transporting oxygen to tissues. Moreover, the spheres had dark red centers (substances with iron tend to be reddish in color) and were also about the size of red blood cells. Third, scientists performed a test on the dinosaur leg bone that showed that it contained collagen. Collagen is a fibrous protein that is a main component of living bone tissue, in which it forms a so-called collagen matrix. Collagen (or its chemical derivatives) is exactly the kind of biochemical material that one would expect to find in association with bone tissue. 托福TPO24综合写作听力原文文本： As much as we would like to have the remains of actual dinosaur tissue, there are sound reasons for being skeptical of the identifications made in the reading.First, the soft, flexible substance inside the bone channels isn't necessarily the remains of blood vessels. It is much more likely to be something else. Like what? You might say. Well, long after an organism is died, bacteria sometimes colonize hollows, empty areas in bones, like the channels that once held blood vessels. When bacteria lived inside bones, they often leave behind traces of organic material. What the researchers in the reading are identifying as blood vessels might just be traces of soft and moist residue left by bacteria colonies.All right. What about the iron-filled spheres? Well, the problem is that scientists found identical reddish spheres in fossils of other animals found in the same place. That includes fossils of primitive animals that did not have any red blood cells when they were alive. Clearly, if these spheres appear in organisms that did not have any red blood cells, then the spheres cannot be the remains of red blood cells. The spheres probablyhave a very different origin. They are probably just pieces of reddish mineral.Third, the collagen. The problem is that we have never found collagen in animal remains that are older than one hundred thousand years. Collagen probably cannot last longer than that. Finding collagen from an animal that lived seventy million years ago would really contradict our ideas about how long collagen can last. It is just too improbable. The most likely explanation for the presence of collagen is that it doesn't come from the T. rex, but from another much more recent source. For example, human skin contains collagen, so the collagen may have come from the skin of the researchers who are handling the bone. 托福TPO24综合写作满分范文： The reading passage points out three evidences that indicate the existence of actually tissue in dinosaur fossil. However, the professor doubts the accuracy of these evidences. In fact, he offers some alternative explanations for the substances found in the fossil. First and foremost, he challenges the existence of blood vessels. Instead, he points out that bacteria may occupy the hollows inside the bones. Therefore, it is highly possible that the soft substance in the branching channels of the bone is the moist residue of bacteria, rather than blood vessels of the dinosaur. Moreover, the professor casts doubt about the red substance in sphere, which according to the reading passage is the remain of red blood cells. In fact, the professor claims that this red substance was also found in some other animals, which lived in the same place but had no red blood vessels at all. The professor argues that the sphere can be pieces of red minerals. Additionally, the professor doubts the existence of collagen in the fossil. On the contrary to the reading passage, he points out that the earliest collagen that has ever found is in fossils 100000 ago. It is unlikely for collagen to last for more than 70 million years. As a result, the professor suggests that the collagen may come from recent sources, such as the skin of researchers who handed the fossil. 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO24综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。
TPO24 L4分析范例
TPO 24 Lecture4-Astronomy (Shield Volcanoes on Venus)信号词弱读听到没理解连读听错生词句子结构没辨认出段意Narrator: Listen to part of a lecture in an astronomy class.Professor: Many people have been fascinated about Venus for centuries because of its thick cloud cover, this so-called planet of mystery and all of that. Well, what's under those clouds? What's the surface of the planet like? Some questions about the surface are still unresolved but, but we have learne d a lot about it in the past several years.段意：主题段金星表面First of all, let me talk about how we have been able to get past（听成pass）those clouds. First, there were Soviet modules that landed directly on the surface and sent back some images of what was around them. Second, we did some radar imaging from satellites from above. Radar can get through the clouds. So what have we learned? Yes, Karen?段意：两个技术Student: Well, I remember reading that there's not really a lot going on, that the surface of Venus is just flat and smooth in a lot of places.Professor: Yeah, smooth in a lot of places.But that's not, um... that's not the whole picture. In other areas, you've got canyons, ripped valleys, meteor crater s, uh, lava domes, these lava formations that look like giant pancakes. And also volcanoes.Well, one of the most interesting features on the surface are in fact the shield volcanoes. Shield volcanoes formed when magma comes out of the ground in the same spot over and over again. Remember, magma is hot molten rock that's underground, and it is called lava when it reaches the surface. Uh, so the lava builds up, and hardens, and a volcano forms.Now, the lava on Venus is thin. It spreads out easily. So shield volcanoes have very gentle sloping sides.They are called shield volcanoes, because viewed from above, they kind of resemble shields, you know, like a warrior's shield.段意：金星表面的盾状火山及名称由来But what's particularly interesting about these volcanoes is that most of the volcanoes here on Earth are not shield volcanoes. Instead, they are other volcano types, like strata volcanoes, for example, which are a result of tectonic plate movement. Remember tectonic plates?Underneath the Earth's crust, there are a number of shifting slab s or plates that are slowly moving. And in the zones on the edges of the plates where different plates meet and interact, that's where we get most of Earth's volcanoes.On Venus, however,volcanoes are not clustered in discrete zones like they are on Earth. Instead, they are more or less randomly scattered over Venus's surface. Well, that's significant. Venus has mostly shield volcanoes, and they are randomly scattered, that indicates that Venus does not have moving tectonic plates, and that's a big difference compared to Earth. Here on Earth, moving tectonic plates are a major geological element, just crucial for the whole surface dynamic, right?（问题很大，听的时候没有迅速整合出几点不同，很零碎）但是意思就一个意思段意：金星和地球火山的区别：类型；分布；成因So why doesn't Venus have them? Well, there are a few theories. One of them is that this has to do with the fact that Venus has no surface water that's needed to kind of lubricate the movement of the plates, you know, like oceans on Earth. Yeah, I forgot to spell tha t out. Uh, Venushas no surface water.段意：金星为何没有其它类型火山Student: Wait a second. Did you say we have shield volcanoes on Earth? Can you give an example?Professor: Sure. The volcanoes in the Hawaii islands, in the Pacific Ocean are shield volcanoes. They are formed over a hot spot of magma. So while on Earth we have several types of volcanoes, on Venus there's mostly the one type. Uh, Eric?段意：瞎扯地球也有盾状火山Student: Are the volcanoes on Venus still active?Professor: Well, that's an interesting question. There is still some discussion on that point. But here's what we do know. First, the level of sulfur dioxide gas above Venus's clouds shows large and very frequent fluctuations. It is quite possible that these fluctuations, the huge increase and decrease of sulfur dioxide, happening again and again. It's quite possible that this is due to volcanic eruptions, because volcanic eruptions often emit gases. If that's the case, volcanism could very well be the root cause of Venus's thick cloud cover. （火山喷发导致气体变多变少，表述零碎复杂，听到断断续续没联起来）And also we have observed bursts of radio energy from the planet's surface. These bursts are similar to what we see when volcanoes erupt on Earth. So these two suggests ongoing volcanic activity. But although this is intriguing evidence, no one's actually observed a Venus volcano erupting yet,so we can't be positive.段意：金星火山是否是活火山：两点证据最终不确定问题总结：1. 细节上：弱读问题很大，比如that在好几个定语从句里没听出来导致句子结构混乱，这也涉及到了听力长难句；连读也有问题，要复习好词霸营关于连读弱读的讲解，跟读对应句子之前分析好这些地方怎么连怎么弱；生词也影响了理解，比如两个技术的第一个。
TPO 24 Conversation 1
TPO 24 Conversation lStudent & Clerk in the Bookstore学生找不到书→猜测1：是不是本学校的课→猜测2：是不是本学期的课→（2）猜测3：研究生的课会不会有影响（学生）→解决方案1：去图书馆借→（2）猜测4：拼错或卖完→查找教授名字，是computer science的书，bookstore不卖→解决方案2：去computer science的商店买（最终）→（4）学生抱怨：应该有sign（学生建议，也可算解决方案）→（3）结局方案3：clerk帮忙问问其他地方（补充）Narrator: Listen to a conversation between a student and a clerk in the bookstore.Student: Hi. Can you tell me where to find New Kind of Science? By, uh, by Stephen Wolfram.Clerk: OKStudent: ...uh, I couldn't find itClerk: OK. Let me look it up on the computer for you. Who would you say the author was?Student: It's a Stephen Wolfram.Clerk: OK. Let's see... Hmm... no, it's not coming up. Hmm..,. I am not seeing itStudent: Um...hmm.Clerk: This is for a course here at the university, right?Student: Yeah, It's assigned reading for a class I am taking.Clerk: It's for the semester, right? You are not buying it in advance for next year or anything.Student: No, no. It's for a class I am taking now.（5 B）Clerk: Hmm...Student: Oh, oh, you know what? （2 A）Um, it's for a graduate class. Would that maybe make a difference? I mean, I am an undergrad, but I am just taking this one class in the graduate department, so...Clerk: No, no. I don't think that's it. That shouldn't make any difference. But, hmm... let me see... maybe it's just...（2 B）it could be that whoever that entered it misspelled the title or the author's name, so I can't find it on the computer and I can't tell if it's sold out. But if it's sold out, we would probably be getting a new shipment within about a week or so.Student: Well, uh, I was hoping to get it sooner because like we already have assignments and you know, I mean, I guess I can get it from the library.Clerk: Right, of course. But I am trying to check. If we've ordered more, then that back orders information should be in the computer too. Let's see... back order... Wolfram, Stephen..,. no, no. I am not seeing it. I am sorry. （1 B）We just don't seem to carry it.Student: Uh-huh.Clerk: This is odd though. What is...what's your professor's name? I could try searching for his or her classes in the database. That might helpStudent: Um...OK. It's professor Kayne.Clerk: K-A-N-E?Student: No. It's professor Kayne, K-A-Y-N-E. He's in the computer science department.Clerk: Oh. It's for a computer science course, is it?Student: Yeah.Clerk: Well, that must be it. （1 B）主旨Computer science books are sold across the street in the computer bookstore.Student: （4 B）Are there signs up anywhere?Clerk: I don't know.Student: （4 B）Maybe they should put some up. It could have save us both some time.Clerk: Yeah. Well, anyway, I'll bet that's the problem. Check across the street. I’ll bet they have it. （3 D）But if not, come back, and I'll help you find it somewhere else. I can call around to see if other bookstores might have it. OK?Student: OK. Thanks a lot. ByeClerk: Bye（提出问题）学生找不到书↓（分析问题）猜测↓找出原因↓（解决问题）解决方案。
综合写作tpo24综合写作范文
综合写作tpo24综合写作范文英文回答：The reading passage discusses the benefits of online education and argues that it is a more effective and efficient way of learning compared to traditional classroom education. The professor, on the other hand, refutes the claims made in the reading and presents counterarguments.The reading passage claims that online education offers flexibility and convenience to students, as they can access course materials and lectures at their own pace and time. However, the professor argues that this flexibility can lead to procrastination and lack of discipline. He states that many online students struggle to keep up with the course materials and often fall behind.中文回答：阅读文章提到了在线教育的好处，并认为它是一种比传统课堂教育更有效和高效的学习方式。
然而，教授却驳斥了阅读中提出的观点，并提出了反驳的论据。
阅读文章声称在线教育为学生提供了灵活性和便利性，因为他们可以按照自己的节奏和时间访问课程材料和讲座。
然而，教授认为这种灵活性可能会导致拖延和缺乏纪律。
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【托福写作备考】TPO24综合写作文本与解析TPO 24以下是综合写作的阅读材料：Animal fossils usually provide very little opportunity to study the actualanimal tissues because in fossils the animals’ living tissues have been largelyreplaced by minerals. Thus, scientists were very excited recently when itappeared that a 70-million-year-old fossil of Tyrannosaurus rex (T. rex), adinosaur, might still contain remains of the actual tissues of the animal. Thediscovery was made when researchers deliberately broke open the T. rex’s legbone, thereby exposing its insides to reveal materials that seem to be remainsof blood vessels, red blood cells, and collagen matrix.译文：动物化石很难帮助人们研究动物的软组织，这是因为化石里面的动物活性组织大部分都被矿物质代替了。
最近，发现一个7千万年前的霸王龙化石中可能存在真正的动物软组织。
这令科学家们非常兴奋。
科学家小心翼翼地打开了霸王龙腿骨的时候，发现里面存在着可能为血管、血红细胞和胶原蛋白基质的物质。
First, the breaking of the fossilized leg bone revealed many small branchingchannels inside, which probably correspond to hollows in the bones where bloodvessels were once located. The exciting finding was the presence of a soft,flexible organic substance inside the channels. This soft substance may verywell represent the remains of the actual blood vessels of T. rex.译文：首先，打开腿骨化石之后，科学家发现了内部有一些管状分支，这些管状分支可能是骨内血管存在的地方。
令人兴奋的是在这些管状分支中存在着柔软的有机物质。
这些柔软的物质可能是霸王龙真正血管的遗留痕迹。
Second, microscopic examination of the various parts of the inner bonerevealed the presence of spheres that could be the remains of red blood cells.Tests showed that the spheres contained iron - a material vital to the role ofred blood cells in transporting oxygen to tissues. Moreover, the spheres haddark red centers (substances with iron tend to be reddish in color) and werealso about the size of red blood cells.译文：第二，通过显微镜对骨内部多处进行详细检查之后发现了一些可能是血红细胞化石的球状体。
检测发现这些球状体里面还有铁，而铁在血红细胞往组织内输送氧气的过程中扮演重要角色。
而且，这些球状体中间呈红色，而含有铁元素的物质往往是红色的，同时这些球状体的大小也符合血红细胞。
Third, scientists performed a test on the dinosaur leg bone that showed thatit contained collagen. Collagen is a fibrous protein that is a main component ofliving bone tissue, in which it forms a so-called collagen matrix. Collagen (orits chemical derivatives) is exactly the kind of biochemical material that onewould expect to find in association with bone tissue.译文：第三，科学家的测试发现这个恐龙腿骨化石中还有胶原蛋白。
胶原蛋白是一种纤维化蛋白质，是生物骨组织的重要组成部分，以胶原蛋白基质的形式存在。
胶原蛋白或者其衍生物是一种存在于骨骼软组织中的生化物质。
在这一部分需要提取的观点是：- Main point: 科学家在研究霸王龙腿骨化石的时候，发现里面存在着可能为血管、血红细胞和胶原蛋白基质的物质。
- Sub point 1: 化石中有血管- Sub point 2: 化石中有血红细胞- Sub point 3: 化石中有胶原蛋白接下来是托福综合写作的听力材料：As much as we would like to have the remains of actual dinosaur tissue, thereare sound reasons for being skeptical of the identifications made in thereading.译文：尽管我们都希望这些化石是真正的恐龙组织，但是还是有一些很有说服力的理由让我们怀疑阅读部分的发现。
First, the soft, flexible substance inside the bone channels isn’tnecessarily the remains of blood vessels. It is much more likely to be somethingelse. Like what? You might say. Well, long after an organism is died, bacteriasometimes colonize hollows, empty areas in bones, like the channels that onceheld blood vessels. When bacteria lived inside bones, they often leave behindtraces of organic material. What the researchers in the reading are identifyingas blood vessels might just be traces of soft and moist residue left by bacteriacolonies.译文：首先，骨管内柔软而有延展性的物质不一定就是血管的化石。
它更大的可能性是别的东西。
那是什么呢?你们可能会问。
恩，在有机体死亡很久之后，细菌可能会聚集在骨骼里的空洞的地方，比如那些曾经是血管存在的地方。
当细菌在骨骼内部繁殖后，细菌常常会留下有机物质的痕迹。
在阅读部分，研究人员鉴定为血管的物质很可能就是细菌繁殖后留下的湿软残渣的痕迹。
All right. What about the iron-filled spheres? Well, the problem is thatscientists found identical reddish spheres in fossils of other animals found inthe same place. That includes fossils of primitive animals that did not have anyred blood cells when they were alive. Clearly, if these spheres appear inorganisms that did not have any red blood cells, then the spheres cannot be theremains of red blood cells. The spheres probably have a very different origin.They are probably just pieces of reddish mineral.译文：恩，那么那些含铁的球状体呢?问题在于科学家们在同一个地方发现了其他还有动物的还有红色球状体的化石。
这些化石中有的是属于一些活着的时候没有任何血红细胞的低等动物。
显然，如果这些球状体出现在那些没有任何血红细胞的动物化石组织里的话，那么这些球状物就不可能是血红细胞的残留物。
这些球状体可能有完全不同的来源。
它们可能只是一些红色矿物质颗粒。
Third, the collagen. The problem is that we have never found collagen inanimal remains that are older than one hundred thousand years. Collagen probablycannot last longer than that. Finding collagen from an animal that lived seventymillion years ago would really contradict our ideas about how long collagen canlast. It is just too improbable. The most likely explanation for the presence ofcollagen is that it doesn’t come from the T.rex, but from another much morerecent source. For example, human skin contains collagen, so the collagen mayhave come from the skin of the researchers who are handling the bone.第三，胶原蛋白。