不定式表被动

1. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。

例I have a lot of things to do this afternoon．(to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。

)
试比较：I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。

)
2. 在某些“形容词＋不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。

这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。

例This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out省略了for me）.
3．在too… to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。

例This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.
4. 在there be…句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。

例There is no time to lose（to be lost）．（用to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，谁lost time不明确。

）
5. 在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动, 被动表被动。

然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词r ent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。

例Who is to blame for starting the fire?。

例如: This is a difficult question to answer. 这是个难答的问题。

question与to answer为动宾关系。

to answer可改为for me to answer。

再如:
It is an easy sentence to translate. 这个句子很容易翻译。

其实有很多不定式主动形式表被动的情况。

要注意总结。

我想了下：大致有这几种：
一、在某些固定句型中, 动词不定式作定语, 用主动形式表被动意义。

1）have（give, show）sth. to do
2）It（This, That）＋be＋a／an＋adj. ＋n. ＋to do
3）There ＋be ＋n. ＋to do
二、在某些“形容词＋不定式”的结构中, 不定式有被动意义, 与句子主语构成动宾关系。

其句型有:
1）n. ＋be＋adj. ＋to do
2）n. ＋be＋too＋adj. ＋to do
3）n. ＋be ＋adj. ＋enough to do
三、某些动词, 如to let, to blame （责备）, to seek（寻找）用主动式表被动意义。

练习: 选择填空。

1. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to __________.
a. sit
b. sit on
c. be sat
d. be sat on
2. I'm hungry. Get me something __________.
a. eat
b. to eat
c. to be eat
d. for eating
3. It is difficult for a foreigner __________ Chinese.
a. write
b. to write
c. to be written
d. written
4. I have no more letters __________, thank you.
a. to type
b. typing
c. to be typed
d. typed
5. The car is rather difficult __________.
a. to repair
b. to be repaired
c. repairing
d. being repaired
6. He was nowhere __________.
a. to see
b. to be seen
c. seeing
d. seen
7. She had no money __________ a birthday present for their children.
a. to buy
b. to be bought
c. bought
d. buying
8. We waited for the work __________.
a. done
b. being done
c. to do
d. to be done
答案:
1—5 bbbca 6—8 bad
6同学们都知道动词不定式有主动式和被动式，即“ to do和to be done” 之分，但在实际使用中常有用主
动形式表示被动含义的情况，比如：
1). I have a lot of housework to do today.
2). There are so many types of computers for you to choose.
3). I think English is not so hard to learn.
上述三例中的不定式与其前面的名词之间都存有被动关系，但是都用了不定式的主动式表示被动意义。

那
么究竟在哪些情行下可用不定式的主动表示被动呢？
1. 动词不定式的逻辑主语在句子中出现或暗含在句中
如：a. We have many difficulties to overcome.
b. Give him some storybooks to read.
c. They didn’t think that a proper measure (for them) to take.
d. He is not easy (for anyone) to persuad
e.
e. With so many trees to plant, he got up at 5 o’clock the next morning.
注意：若句子的主语并非不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式则必须用被动式
如：a. I’ll go to New York. Have you anything to be taken to your wife there?
b. I have no letter to be typed. Thank you all the same.
c. “Have you any clothes to be washed, sir?” asked the mai
d.
a句中take的逻辑主语为I而不是you ; b句中type的逻辑主语是you 而不是I；c句中wash的逻辑主语
是maid 而不是I。

2. 在Sth. / Sb. + adj. + to do 结构中，若形容词为：easy, difficult, hard, heavy, light, good, nice, pleasant,
comfortable, fit, dangerous, interesting, important等等
如：The river is dangerous to swim in.
The box is too heavy for the boy to carry.
The room is comfortable to live in.
The problem is difficult to work out.
当上述形容词在句中作宾语补足语，后接不定式时，不定式也用主动表被动如：I found him easy to get along with.
They don’t think the game interesting to play.
3. There be 句型中，用来修饰主语的不定式多用主动式
如：There’s nothing to do now. ( = We have nothing to do now)
There’s nothing to see. ( nothing worth seeing)
注意：若用不定式的被动式，则表示不同的含义
比较：There’s nothing to be done. (= We can do nothing now)
There’s nothing to be seen. ( nothing there at all)
而to let, to blame, to seek等不定式，多以主动式表被动意义
如：This flat is to let.
I am to blame for it.。