生物工程专业英语翻译

Beijing University of Chemical Technology 化学工业出版社• Exercise for Chapter 1Line 1-10, P. 1生物工程是属于应用生物科学和技术的一个领域，它包含生物或其亚细胞组分在制造业、服务业和环境管理等方面的应用。

生物工程利用细菌，酵母，真菌，植物细胞或培养的哺乳动物细胞作为工业加工的组分。

只有将微生物学、生物化学、遗传学、分子生物学、化学和化学工程等多种学科和技术结合起来，生物工程的应用才能获得成功。

Biotechnology is an area of applied bioscience and technology which involves the practical application of biological organisms,or their subcellular components to manufacturing and service industries and to environmental management.Biotechnology utilizes bacteria,yeasts，fungi，algae，plant cells or cultured mammalian cells as constituents of industrial processes.Successful application of biotechnology will result only from the integration of a multiplicity of scientific disciplines and technologies,including microbiology,biochemistry,genetics,molecular biology,chemistry and chemical and process engineering.line3 ---line7, P.6生物科学和生物工程之间有一个很明显的区别。

生物科学对应于（是指）生物知识的获得，而生物工程强调的是生物知识的应用。

在大部分情况下，生物工程的（加工）过程在低温下进行，消耗极少的能量，在通常情况下利用廉价的原料作为底物。

A clear distinction must be drawn between bioscience and biotechnology.Bioscience refers to acquisition of biological knowledge whereas biotechnology refers to application of biological knowledge.Biotechnological processes will,in most cases,function at low temperatures,will consume little energy and rely in general on inexpensive raw materials as substrates.line22---line25, P.8每个生物工程的方案都需要持续地评价资源的可获得性，经济效益和对环境的影响，以及对操作者和使用者的健康和安全。

如果计划得当，生物工程将有助于取得在自然资源，人类的需求以及环境之间的平衡。

Each biotechnological scenario will require continuous assessment of the resources available,the economics and the impact on the environment,together with the health and safety of operators and users.Biotechnology if correctly planned should help to achieve a proper balance between natural resources,human needs and the environment.Exercise for Chapter 2Line 11-17, P.16新陈代谢是两个紧密联系但又不同的行为的发源地。

合成代谢过程与形成细胞的材料有关，这些细胞材料不仅包括细胞的主要组分（蛋白质，核酸，脂，糖类等），还包括它们的中间前体物---氨基酸，嘌呤和嘧啶，脂肪酸，各种糖和磷酸糖。

合成代谢过程不是自发进行的，对于大多数微生物来说，它们必须由一种能量流来推动，这种能量流是由“产生能量”的分解代谢过程所提供的。

Metabolism is a matrix of two closely interlinked but divergent activities.Anabolic processes are concerned with the building up of cell materials,not only the major cell constituents(proteins,nucleic acids,lipids,carbohydrates.etc.)but also their intermediate precursors-amino acids,purine and pyrimidines,fatty acids,various sugars driven by an energy flow that for most microorganisms is provided by a series of “energy-yielding”-catabolic processes.Line 33---line35, P.16复杂句拆分Transforming sugar at the same rate, aerobic yeast gives CO2, water, and a relatively high yield of new yeast, whereas yeast grown anaerobically has a relatively slow growth which is now coupled to a high conversion of sugar into ethanol and CO2.① Transforming sugar at the same rate, aerobic yeast gives CO2, water, and a relatively high yield of new yeast.② Yeast grown anaerobically has a relatively slow growth.③ It is now coupled to a high conversion of sugar into ethanol and CO2.Line7---11, P.21复杂句拆分The molecular constitution of this enzyme is such that its catalytic activity can be modulated according to the prevailing metabolic status of the cell: if more energy is required, activity of PFK is increased; if the cell has sufficient energy or sufficient amounts of C3 metabolites then the activity of PFK is decreased.① The molecular constitution of this enzyme is such.② Its catalytic activity can be modulated according to the prevailing metabolic status of the cell.③ More energy is required.④ Activity of PFK is increased.⑤ The cell has sufficient energy or sufficient amounts of C3 metabolites.⑥ The activity of PFK is decreased.Exercise for Chapter 3在生物工程各方面，在通过筛选产生新生物体方面，人们作了许多的努力，这些新生物体或者是来源于自然资源，或者是来自于利用突变或杂交过程（包括基因工程）等方法建立的培养物。

为了产生有用的产品，这些微生物必需被筛选，并且它们以相当大的规模生长，以产生和提取理想产品，并且要使产品经过严格的评价。

In all aspects of biotechnology major efforts are directed to screening programmes to generate new organisms,either from some natural source or from established cultures by way of mutation or by hybridization programmes,including genetic engineering.These organisms must be screened for useful products and grown up on a large enough scale to produce and extract the desired product and then to subject the product to critical evaluation.Line31-35, P.66尽管许多新的自养微生物都是野生型的，但它们都已经从自然环境中被分离出来了，在运用实验室操作从已经存在的基因组产生新基因组方面，人们尽了许多努力。

生物体可以通过突变、重组、转化、转导和基因克隆等方法被改变，人们可以使用其中的一种或几种方法(来改变生物体)。

Although many new producer microorganisms are wild-types and have been isolated from natural environments,major efforts are also directed to generating new genomes from existing genomes by laboratory manipulation.Oraganisms can be modified by mutation,recombination,transformation,transduction and gene cloning either by single processes or in combinations.Line33-36, P.67复杂句拆分In contrast, rational screens make more use of the knowledge of the biochemistry of specific product formation, setting up a selection process that uses a characteristic of the desirable genotype which is not the particular one of interest but which can be more readily scored or assayed.①In contrast, rational screens make more use of the knowledge of the biochemistry of specific product formation, setting up a selection process.② The process uses a characteristic of the desirable genotype.③ The characteristic is not the particular one of interest.④ The characteristic can be more readily scored or assayed.• Exercise for Chapter 4Line5-10, P.104目前的这些产品的大规模生产过程完全是以前的家庭式生产方式的放大形式。