从雅思考试透视高中阅读理解.docx
从雅思考试透视高中阅读理解
主要内容：
在新课程的影响下，英语考试对于学生各方面的能力的要求也是逐渐提高。无论在词汇，语法还是对英语语言的驾御能力上都提出了相当高的要求。学生应该从老的教学模式和学习方法中走出来，学习新的知识和方法，是在新课程标准下获得最大进步的首要和关键。通过对雅思考试的分析来加强高考阅读理解的应试技巧。
今年是江苏省实行新课程的第一年，作为处于一线的教师而言，不论是否执教新课程，对于新课程的标准和教学模式都应该是烂熟于心的。《高屮英语课程标准》涵盖了课程标准和教学大纲的两层内容：理念，性质，功能，目标（总体与分级），内容，方法，实施建议等。比以往的“大纲”理论基础更深，结构更全面，内容更广泛，指导性史强。《英语课程标准》屮课程目标的确定以学生的素质发展为基本出发，对学生进行全人的教育。
在新课程的影响下，英语考试对于学生各方面的能力的要求也是逐渐提高。无论在词汇，语法还是对英语语言的驾御能力上都提出了相当高的耍求。学生应该从老的教学模式和学习方法中走出来，学习新的知识和方法，是在新课程标准下获得最大进步的首要和关键。而从这几年的高考试题来看，与现今社会上流行的雅思考试越来越接近。那么两者之间究竟有无共同点呢？雅思（International English Language Testing System,简称IELTS）是由英国文化委员会（The British Council）＞剑桥大学地方考试委员会（CUCLES）和澳大利亚教育国际开发署（IDP Education Australia）共同
举办的国际英语水平测试。此项考试是为中请赴英联邦国家（英国、澳大利亚、加拿大、新西兰等）留学、培训的非英语国家学生而设，用来评定考生运用英语的能力。现在许多英联邦国家对申请本国技术移民的人士也采用这项考试，作为中请人英语能力达标的认证。
彷年的高考英语考试时间共2小时，分为听力，单选，完型，阅读, 改错和作文。雅思考试包括四个部分，依次为听力、阅读、写作和口语，考试时间共2小时45分钟。虽然在很多方面存在不同。但是往往考生最容易失分也容易得分的部分在两个考试屮间都是在阅读理解部分。两分一题的阅读题就成了考分高低和好坏的一道门槛。
俗话说，知己知彼，百战不殆。当你掌握了止确有效的解题方法后, 必定会在阅读理解这一块少失分多得分。学生第一步要做的事情必须是了解和牢记阅读理解经常会考的一些题型，有针对性的去解题。
阅读考试中“翻船”的两大原因在于对阅读考试的题型不熟悉或研究不透和时间短。这是阅读考试最大的敌人；那么要走出阅读考试困境就耍掌握3条对策：1 ?增加词汇量2?扩大阅读范围；3?摒弃不好的阅读习惯；两个基本技能（Scanning掠读、Skimming略读）是雅思阅读应试的关键所在，也是高考阅读拿高分的关键。比较高考阅读题与雅思的阅读题，大致可以分为以下几个类型：（见表）
JUDGEMENTS
INFERENCES 判断
从这个表格看来，高考的阅读可以分为以下几类题型：推理题，细节题，主旨题和猜测词义。首先我们来谈谈第一类推理题：推理题，顾名思义，就是结合文章对某种问题做出合理的推断。常见题型可分为两大类。一类是明显的推断题(Explicit Inference Questions),文章本身含有infer, imply, suggest, conclude 等词，使人一看便知是推断题。例如：
1.We can infer from the passage that ____ ?
2.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
3.The passage implies that ___ ?
4.The writer suggest that ____ ?
5.We can conclude from the passage that ____ ?
另一类推断题比较含蓄，题屮没有上述词语，称之为含蓄推断题(Implicit Inference Questions )。它们属于推断题，却不明显(Unannounced),而要靠作者自己去辨别。
对策：
推理可按以下方式进行：
1.类推…如果A成立,B也必然成立
2.推广一如果文章是论述某一建议的某一方面，则下面可能论述这一建
议的其他方面；如果文章是论述某一问题的危害，则下面可能论述针对这一问题的解决方法.
3.体察作者的态度…如果作者在这个问题上是这样的态度，那么在其他
问题上也可能是同样的态度
4.逆推…如杲A不成立，则?A有可能成立。有时从原句逆向思维是一种较好的解题技巧?还可以运用同义代换是解和反复强调是解的另类思维。
例一：The telephone rang and I picked it up and the voice said, “Bloke party tonight/5 Right then, I knew summer had arrived in North Dakotans.
I will tell you, there is nobody who enjoys summer more than North Dakotans, possibly because it takes such a long time get ting here. We emerge fi'om our cocoons into the sun and ready to go. We take to summer like a chorus girl takes to diamonds. We flood to the parks and the swimming pools and the golf courses and the hiking, trails and the lakes. You ask a dozen North Dakotans what summer means to them and you will get a dozen different answers?
根据文中Right then I knew summer had arrived,我们可以推断the block party通常使夏季举行的活动，这表明“夏天来临了”。根据文+ ...there is nobody who enjoys summer more than the North Dakotans. Summer takes such a long time getting here?我们可以推断这个地区的冬天是漫长而枯燥无味白勺。根据文中We flood to the parks and the swimming pools and the golf courses and the hiking trails and the lakes. 我们可以推断出当地的人们非常喜欢户外活动。
例二：Directions: Read the following passage and choose the statement which can definitely be inferred.
In 1980,Canada announced strict additional limits on ownership of energy companies by foreign institutions and individuals. Since these may no longer own more than 50 percent of such companies, sources of capital for these corporations are now shaiply restricted.
A)Before 1980, foreigners were allowed to own a majority of shares in
Canadian energy companies ?
B)Canada's 1980 limitations on energy-company ownership have caused
some problems for these enteiprises.
C)After 1980, foreigners may not own a majority share in a Canadian
company
D)Before 1980, there were no limitations on foreign individuals owning
Canadian energy companies.
选择项A符合题意，因为文中谈到这一限制使1980年宣布的，据此可以推断1980年以前尚五此规定。选择项B也符合题意，因为文中谈到这些企业资金来源将受到控制，所以可以推断该限制会给这些企业带来问题。C项不符合题意，因为energy company,是所有的公司。D项也不符合题意，因为文中谈到1980年宣布的是additional limits,据此可以推断出在此以前已经有了限制了。(雅思题)
第二个类型是细节题。做这一类型的题目时，必须耍细心和有耐心。许多同学在没有看完整个题冃的内容后，便匆忙答题，不再去考虑其他选择项，这样常常会导致错误。尽管这类问题涉及的是细节，我们也不可以忽视文章的主耍观点。正确的答案与文章的中心思想往往吻合一致。在阅读理解测试中，要求查找主要事实或特定细节的问题常常有以下几种形式：Which of the following statements is (not) trae (or correct)?
Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?
All of the following are true except...
The author (or the passage) states that..?
According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, what, which, etc)...? 例一：Directions: Read the following passage and choose the best answer to
the question.
One word that sums up our age better than any other whether our age is the technological age of western countries or the modernizing age of China is the world CHANCE? But has change not always been present? True, but never before at such a breakneck speed. Today it is more than just change.
It is unprecedented change. In such a word, reading provides the best tool we have for keeping up and for avoiding future shock in a word continually being remade.
Which of the following is not true?
A)Western countries and China are being remade
B)Reading will help understand our age
C)The present age and future world are continually changing
D)Reading is the best tool provided by our age
A,B,C项筠与文章中的意义一致，D不符和。因为文中说的是:Reading serves as the best tool for us.(对我们来说，阅读可以作为一个最好的T 具。)而不是选择D所表示的那样：Reading is the best tool provided by ourage.(阅读是由我们时代所捉供的工具)。所以，我们将答案确定为Do
例二：The basketball team never lacked vociferous supporters, but they rai'ely responded to this show of enthusiasm.
文屮黑体字若是指高声呼叫的支持者，则与后而的意思(对这种热情彳艮少做用响血)不和。因止k they只能指球队的队员。
在文章中，为避免重复提及某一词或短语，作者常常使用指代词来代替。在寻找细节时，读者须准确理解被指代的对象。通常，我们可以根据上下问的句子结构、主谓一致关系以及语义关系等来确定所直待的内容。
一篇文章不可避免地反映了作者的观点、态度和情绪。能否正确把握作者的观点和态度也是体现阅读能力的重耍方面。所以，在高考题和雅思题中经常会考到主旨题。主旨题是阅读试卷中极其常见的题型之一。其目的是检查考生对文章主旨或屮心思想是否了解。要旨题通常就文章的主题(Topic),标题(Title),俶(Type)以及写彳乍意图(Purpose)进行提问。
在采用演绎法(deduction)的文章屮，主题一般出现在文章的开头，然
后围绕这一主题作具体的陈述。在采用归纳法(induction)的文章中，主题句出现在段落或文章的结尾，也就是先作具体陈述，然后归纳出文章的主题。
对策：
1.将每段首句认真阅读，边读边分析其意思及意图。
2.重视首尾段的首尾句。
一般说来，对作者的总的态度和倾向，必须再通读全文，掌握了主题思想和主要事实后，方能作出判断。在判断作者观点态度时，要注意以下的几点：
1.有时作者先介绍了某一观点，却接着在后面提出了相反的观点。
因此，耍正确判断作者的态度和观点，必须将上下文联系起来看，耍注意文章中所叙述的内容并非代表了作者的观点。
例一：Decide whether or not each of the following statements approves of the book written by Professor Bake匸
1）P rofessor Baker9 s publisher has stated that this new book will soon take
the place of all the old standard works in his field; in view, however, of
both the style and content of Professor Baker, s book, I find this claim most difficult to accept?
2）W hen I first opened the package containing a copy of Professor Baker7 s latest book and read its title, I must admit I felt a sudden sinking of the
heart; yet once I had gathered courage to begin my reading, I found the
work so far beyond my wildest hopes that I actually missed supper rather put the volume down unfinished.
在1）文中，作者在前面引用了出版者的赞扬之辞，而后接着表明难以接受此说法，说明他对此书持否定态度。
在2）文中，作者先说刚看到此书书名时很失望，然后用“yet”表示转折，以至于到最后爱不释手，表明他赞许此书。
2.有的文章可能没有明显的主题句,其主要思想隐藏于字里行间，需要结合上下文琢磨、推敲。
除此之外，作者也可以通过使用词汇的手段暗示口己对文中某一具体问题所持的态度和观点。这时，我们要特别仔细琢磨文屮所用词汇的特点，弄明白作者的态度是赞成还是反对，是肯定还是否定。
在阅读中，我们往往会遇到一些不认识的单词和短语，或者认识的单
词在文屮有了新的意义。如果这些单词和短语不影响对文章的理解，我们
可以将其略过。如果这些单词和短语很重耍，对正确理解文章意思有重要
作用，我们就应该联系上下文，根据口己以前了解的词义来确定其意义。通常，可以采用以下几种方法：1 ?利用所出现生词的上下文与其意义上
的联系或行下文进一步的叙述，猜测词义例一：The female mosquito is a vampire and lives on blood?
如不知道vampire的词义，从live on blood（靠吸血而生存）贝Ll可得
知其词义为吸血昆虫。
2?利用文中的举例猜测词义
例二：Some artists plan their paintings around geometric forms like squares, circles and triangles.
如不知道"geometric forms^的意思，可以从文中列举的三角形、止方形、圆形来猜得意义为“几何图形”。
3?也用文中说明词义的同位语或定语等来猜测词义。
例三：They will be on the night shift一from midnight to 6 a. m. 一next week?
由破折号之间的解释内容,我们可以了解到"night shift”意思为“夜班”。
4.利用文章屮所出现的，与某生词或词组意思相反的内容，猜测词义。仮ij 四：American businessmen expect employees to be punctua 1. They do not expect that the workers will come late?
文屮的be punctual的意思，可以理解为“not come late",即淮时，不迟到”。
5.利用文章中用不同的话对同一概念的解释，猜测词义。例五：Should
the government regulate the cost of resources such as oil and gas? Some people do not believe that government control is the solution to the problem
of the rising cost of fuel.
文屮的u regulate的词义可以猜测为与^government control" 的意思相近。
6?型用基本的构词方法，猜测词义。. ..
例六：They overestimate the interviewee? s ability and asked him many difficult questions.
在词申overestimate词中over-是前缀，意思是“过分......... 因
此overestimate的词义可以猜测为“吐高估计”的意思。
然而，需耍指出的是，不耍花费太多的时间去试图猜出所有生词的确切意思，因为有的生词只能猜岀大概的意思，有的生词则根本无法猜出意思：在阅读理解屮要求判断词语意义的问题，通常有下列形式:
1.Accord in g to the author, the word “???"means ____________________ ?
2.By “???” ,the author means __________________ ?
3.Which of the following is nearest(closest) in meaning to
Q
■
4.The word “???” in the passage means __________________ ?
□ ?…IS ?
6?The word “???” most 1 ikely means__________________ ?对于是非题，该题型有时会以：Not Given / Not Mentioned； Accurate / Inaccurate； Supported / Contradicted ； Correct / IncoiTect, Yes/No/Not Given等形式出现。是非题即读者根据对文章的理解，对某些陈述判断对错。通常眞有两袖形式：一神为一正三误(Positive Trath Questions),即忧痒项中肴一项符合事实，其余三项与事实相反。另—种为一误三正(Negative Truth Questions),即有一项与事实相反，而其余三项均符合事实。这两种题型的冃的完全一致，均要求考生完全理解原文，掌握细节，明辨是非。
对策：
垂视貧禺句阅读。
标志词法。
例一：American scientists have developed a new kind of glass wire that can carry telephone messages for long distances. The new fluoride glass wire, or optical fiber, is a major improvement over the optical fibers now used in many modern communications systems.
Present optical fibers are made from silica glass. They are not costly to produce, but the signals carried by these silica fibers weaken very quickly. A repeat device must be build every 50 kilometers to increase or amplify the signals5 strength. Such repeater devices are costly and they need electrical powe 匸This creates problems for optical fiber systems that cross oceans? Long copper wires are needed to carry electricity from shore to repeater is costly and takes much time.
The new fluoride optical fiber is a little bigger around than a human hair, yet each could caiTy 10,000 telephone messages at one time for thousands of kilometers? Traditional copper telephone wires can carry only 4 messages. And unlike present silica fiber, the new fluoride glass wire could carry messages for thousands of kilometers with very few, if any, repeater device?The scientists developed the new optical fiber for systems that across oceans, but they said there would also be many other uses for the fluoride glass wires. The new optical wires could be used for long-distance temperature
sensing device. They could be used in some medical operati on.
Scientists caution that the new fluoride optical fiber is still only experimental. Researchers have not yet been able to make long tiny wire fi'om fluoride glass.
26. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A.Silica optical fiber are not expensive to produce
B.Additional devices are needed for present optical fiber system
C? Signals carried by silica optical fibers are rather weak
D. Repeaters bring about special problems for transoceanic ［答案及解析］D?此题实际上是首尾句阅读法+标志词法。通过首尾句阅读，莪们丢了解文章主题的塞础上，可以对“Silica optical fiber "Signals" "Repeaters"等标志词的出处迅速把握，从而有效地提高了正确率。
总之，不论做怎样的阅读理解题目，我们首先耍熟悉题型，有针对性的去解题。要掌握止确的答题顺序；合理划分并严格执行一定的时限；以不同的技艺和策略对应不同类型的题目；在阅读考试屮拿到最满意的分数！参考书冃：
《高中英语新课程》
《环球雅思》
《名师讲阅读理解》
《新英语突破》
结合雅思真题解析阅读解题方法
结合雅思真题解析阅读解题方法 以下是新东方在线为同学们整理的结合雅思真题解析阅读解题方法，供考生们参考，以下是详细内容。 2012年1月7日试题 Some people think inviting large foreign companies to set up factories in developing countries is helpful for local economy, while others think that the foreign companies should not be allowed to build their factories in developing countries, instead, local companies should be encouraged in order to develop local economy. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 首先审题，这道题目提供了两个观点，观点一：国外大型公司到发展中国家建厂，有利于当地经济，观点二：应发展当地公司，不允许国外大型公司到发展中国家建厂，需要讨论两者并给出自己的观点，此题讨论的焦点在于国外大型公司到发展中国家建厂的优劣影响。建议从宏观的角度，即经济，文化，社会，科技，环境等方面分析其优劣影响。需要提到的是，该题观点二中提到发展当地企业，因此发展当地企业的重要性也需考虑，即利于保持技术独立性。 好处：经济：拉动/刺激当地经济，增加就业机会 文化：促进中外文化交流，学习国外先进企业文化 科技：带来国外先进技术
雅思阅读技巧专题介绍
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雅思阅读教案
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Climate and Country Wealth Why are some countries stupendously rich and others horrendously poor? Social theorists have been captivated by this question since the late 18th century, when Scottish economist Adam Smith argued in his magisterial work The Wealth of Nations that the best prescription for prosperity is a free-market economy in which the government allows businesses substantial freedom to pursue profits. Smith, however, made a second notable hypothesis: that the physical geography of a region can influence its economic performance. He contended that the economies of coastal regions, with their easy access to sea trade, usually outperform the economies of inland areas. Coastal regions and those near navigable waterways are indeed far richer and more densely settled than interior regions, just as Smith predicted. Moreover, an area's climate can also affect its economic development. Nations in tropical climate zones generally face higher rates of infectious disease and lower agricultural productivity (especially for staple foods) than do nations in temperate zones. Similar burdens apply to the desert zones. The very poorest regions in the world are those saddled with both handicaps: distance from sea trade and a tropical or desert ecology. The basic lessons of geography are worth repeating, because most economists have ignored them. In the past decade the vast majority of papers on economic development have neglected even the most obvious geographical realities. The best single indicator of prosperity is gross national product (GNP) per capita – the total value of a country's economic output, divided by its population. A map showing the world distribution of GNP per capita immediately reveals the vast gap between rich and poor nations. The great majority of the poorest countries lie in the geographical tropics. In contrast, most of the richest countries lie in the temperate zones. Among the 28 economies categorized as high income by the World Bank, only Hong Kong, Singapore and part of T aiwan are in the tropical zone, representing a mere 2 percent of the combined population of the high-income regions. Almost all the temperate-zone countries have either high-income economies (as in the cases of North America, western Europe, Korea and Japan) or middle-income economies (as in the cases of eastern Europe, the former Soviet Union and China). In addition, there is a strong temperate-tropical divide within countries that straddle both types of climates. Most of Brazil, for example, lies within the tropical zone, but the richest part of the nation – the southernmost states –is in the temperate zone. There are two major ways in which a region’s climate affects economic development. First, it affects the prevalence of disease. Many kinds of infectious diseases are endemic to the tropical and subtropical zones. This tends to be true of diseases in which the pathogen spends part of its life cycle outside the human host: for instance, malaria (carried by mosquitoes) and helminthic infections (caused by parasitic worms). Although epidemics of malaria have occurred sporadically as far north as Boston in the past century, the disease has never gained a lasting foothold in the temperate zones, because the cold winters naturally control the mosquito-based
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第五天可以把这套题的答案部分擦掉，再以模拟的状态做一遍套题，看看自己的正确率是否有提高。做题过程中要有意识地修正老旧的做题思路，采取曾经总结过的新思路。 做题后再次优化总结做题思路。这时，同学会对做题思路有个更加宏观的把握。也就是说，你对某种题型会有模式化的思路，甚至总结出了某种题型内部的逻辑联系。运用以上思路，解读所有阅读套题，这是一个量的积累过程。 过了一段时间后，当把所有的套题都按照以上的思路进行分析以后，考生对雅思阅读题会有一个相当深的了解，并已经熟练掌握了阅读过程中的出题敏感点。基本能够做到对不同解题思路的运用自如。并能够准确预测出题目的考察角度及考点位置。总结好的思路可以做到以一当百。 最后阶段，需对所有雅思阅读做题思路做最后一次回顾。查缺补漏，固化思维模式，并熟练各种解题套路。考前如有时间，可以快速回顾自己的解题思路，做到烂熟于心。 、做题技巧 1、怎么进行错题分析? 第一，对于做错的题要找到错题点。例如词汇不认识，替换词没看出来……可以把总结的问题或思路写在题目旁。 第二要注意的是，对整套题的错题进行细化归纳，并根据分类做好笔记。比如：思路错误20，词汇等等。
雅思阅读理解 reading 4
Reading 4 Improving global reading skills a Which paragraph contains the most detail? b Which three paragraphs cover one main theme? 2Choose the sentence that best paraphrases the main idea in each paragraph of the test. 1 Paragraph A A The amount of money spent on magazine advertising is increasing. B The rivalry between magazines and other media is surprising. C Some magazines sell better than others. 2 Paragraph B A Magazines are some more popular than they used to be. B A lot of people are still reading magazines. C TV is more available than ever.
3Paragraph C A Europe allocates a greater proportion of its advertising budget to magazines than the world average. B Belgium and Germany spend more on magazine advertising than other European countries. C The figures for magazine advertising in Europe are decreasing. 4 Paragraph D A Across Europe, people read very different kinds of magazines. B The idea of a ‘European’ magazine is becoming popular. C Magazines that cover popular activities can become best sellers. 5 Paragraph E A Cigarette advertising is banned in some countries. B Magazines advertise a smaller range of products than television. C There are fewer limitations on magazine advertising than TV advertising. IELTS Reading test practice Global reading question 3What is the purpose of the writer of the passage ? A to compare European and world magazines B to attract more magazine readers C to review the continuing popularity of magazines D to illustrate the advantages of electronic magazines IELTS Reading test practice Choosing headings for paragraphs How to approach the task ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
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2019年雅思考试阅读理解模拟练习试题及答案
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雅思真题思路分析练习
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雅思阅读考题回顾
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