短文改错试题详解
高考英语短文改错题详解
短文改错（Error Correction）属主观题型，要求考生在15分钟内找出并改正一篇短文中的10处错误。
一、改错形式有以下三类：
1.错词（words mistaken）。在标有题号的一行中有一词在词法、搭配或词义等方面有错误，要求考生找出错误并换上正确的词（change a word），这类错误在所有错误中占绝大多数。
2.缺词（words missing）。在标有题号的一行的任何位置--包括行首词前和行末词后--缺了一词，要求考生按语法、搭配或上下文语义的需要找出缺词的位置并补上所缺的词（insert a word）。
3.多词（words redundant）。在标有题号的一行中有一词按语法、搭配或上下文语义要求纯属多余，要求考生认定该多余的词并划去（cross out a word）。短文共有10处错误，但究竟哪一行多一词，哪一行缺一词或错一词，则没有任何规律和标记。历年考题的统计资料表明，绝大多数改错设计为错词一类。其主要原因除了命题因素外，更由于这类错误形式难度较大，并更能考查考生的实际语言驾驭能力。
改错规则：不论是错词，缺词或多词，考生在改错时只能动一个词。
二、短文改错的命题考点：
（一）上下文语义方面的错误
1.反义词。这是短文改错中出现频率较高也是短文改错中最具特色的一种错误类型，这类错误必须在透彻理解上下文语义的基础上才能发现并更正。常见的这类错误有：①派生反义词。如：encourage-discourage，load-unload，satisfy-dissatisfy等。②互补性反义词。如：dead-alive，boy-girl，man-woman，male-female，brother-sister，married-single 等。③换位性反义词。如：buy-sell，give-receive，lend-borrow，husband-wife，parent-child，left-right 等。④相对性反义词。如：easy-hard，big-small，cold-hot，old-young，wide-narrow，love-hate 等。⑤按上下文语义，行中多用了not或no，或必须添上not或no。
2.连接性词语。连接性词语虽属传统的语法题，但其用法主要依据上下文语义上的逻辑关系，即对上下文的理解。短文改错设计中的连接性词语的错误包括：
①并列连词。如：and，but，for，or等。②主从连词。这类词较多，如：because，（al）though，if，unless，before，after，until，as，while，whereas等。③连接性副词。如：however，moreover，besides，nevertheless，then，thus等。④连接性介词。如：because of，despite，besides，instead of等。
二）用法搭配方面的错误
1.介词。介词主要涉及用法与搭配，是短文改错中出现频率最高，也是考生最易失分的一类题型，要在这类题型的辨错改错上有所突破，考生必须注意平时介词用法知识的积累。在改错中，请注意从以下几个方面辨认。①介词与动词的搭配。如：accuse sb.of，charge sb. with，prevent sb. from，prohibit sb.from，differ from，contribute to等。②介词与名词的搭配。如：count on，influence on，improve on，belief in，confidence in，advantage over，preference over，attitude to，solution to等。③介词与形容词的搭配。如：different from，indifferent to，dependent on，independent of，guilty of，innocent of，persistent in，proficient in等。④由介词引起的短语。如：in contrast，in turn，in the long run，by means of，in terms of，on good/bad terms with，on the contrary，by chance，by turns等。
2.成语。短文改错的命题标的也常对准各类成语，尤其是成语中的介词、冠词和名词的单复数形式等。这类错误的出现频率也较高。①介词错误。如：take pride for（→in），abide to （→by），persist on（→in），have no ear to（→for）等。②冠词错误。如：in the contrast（in contrast），all of sudden（all of a sudden），keep a pace with（keep pace with）等。③名词单
复数。如：take turn（take turns），make friend with（make friends with），keep/break one's words（keep/ break one's word）等。
（三）动词方面的错误
这方面的错误主要涉及：
1.分词。主要是现在分词和过去分词的误用。如：a puzzled question→a puzzling question an exciting girl→an excited girl
2.系动词。①be以外的其他系动词被误用作行为动词，后面应该接形容词作表语，但接了副词。如：The meal smells badly.→The meal smells bad.
②系动词be在某些形容词前常受汉语影响而被遗漏。这些形容词有afraid，alive，aware，conscious，guilty，worth等。
3.动词的及物与不及物。改错中常有不及物动词被误用作及物动词（缺介词），或及物动词被误用作不及物动词（多介词）。前者如：complain the bad service there（应加of）后者如：consider of his suggestion（应删of）
4.短语动词。主要是带介词或副词的短语动词，常设计成介词或副词小品词的错误。由于这类错误主要是搭配问题，我们将它归入第二类用法搭配方面的错误一并讨论。
5.句型。这类错误主要涉及：
①动词句型。主要是带复杂宾语的动词的固定搭配模式。如：find it neccessary to do sth. /spend sometime（in）doing sth. /make sb.do sth. /leave sth.to sb. /be seen to do/doing sth.等。
②传统句型。即传统语法概念上与动词有关的句子模式。主要有以下几类：
a）省略句型。如：
While watch TV，they heard someone upstairs shout"Fire！Fire！"（watch →watching）
b）动词非谓语形式作主语、宾语。有时需用it作形式主语或形式宾语。如：This is no good arguing with him.（This→It）We think that necessary to have the bridge built first.（that→it）在复合宾语中，有时可直接用动名词作宾语；动名词或动词不定式可以作主语，但动词原形则不能直接充当句子主语。如：
The new policy made to make our ends meet possible.（to make→making）
Know only the rules is not enough.（Knows→Knowing或To know）
6.语气、语态、时态。这类错误在数量上所占比例极少，主要是虚拟语气的用法错误、被动语态的误用及过去时与现在时的混用。
（四）其他语法方面的错误
1.词性。涉及：①名词与动词的误用。如：approval--approve，sale--sell ②名词与形容词的误用。如：medicine--medical/ medicinal，emotion--emotional ③形容词与副词的误用。如：high--highly，mere--merely 这类错误常出现在be以外的系动词后。如：feel badly→feel bad，grow uneasily→grow uneasy
2.代词。代词错误是短文改错中出现频率较高的几类错误之一，几乎每套试题中都有。主要涉及：
①指代错误。主要是第三人称代词指代的误用；不定代词one和those与人称代词you和them 的混用及指人与指物的误用等。
②关系代词的误用。主要为that与which、who与which、as与which的误用；what与that 的混用；
③形式代词it与this、that的误用。如：find this important to preview the lesson（这里的this 应改为形式宾语it）。④不定代词的误用。主要为不定代词与指示代词these或人称代词的误用；somone/sombody、everyone/everybody被误用作复数指代；some-、any-类合成代词与no-类合成代词的混用等。
3.名词的数。这类错误主要涉及：①可数名词与不可数名词概念的混淆；②需用复数时误用单数；③不规则复数名词的曲折变化形式错误等。如：find a work→find a job 2 woman doctors→2 women doctors these phenomenon→these phenomena
4.冠词。主要为：①该用冠词时漏用；②不该用冠词时赘用；③the与a/ an误用；④a与an 混用。如：tell truth→tell the truth give a rise to→give rise to a"s"sign→an"s"sign
5.主谓一致。这类错误常被设计在句型较为复杂的结构中，要特别小心。常见以下几种情况：
①主语较长或谓语动词离主语较远：
The child，being taken care of by its grandparents，are deaf and mute.（are →is）
②倒装句：
Standing in a line along the corridor is3groups of young pioneers who will set out on an expedition.（is→are）
③定语从句：
The book many students found interesting that were written by a famous American scientist came out only last month.（were→was）
④特殊句型：
There are no denying the facts and there are no facts that can be turned a blind eye to either.（第一个are→is）
6.形容词、副词及其比较级。形容词和副词的错误设计主要为：①两者的词性混淆；②比较级错误。前者已在前面词性部分论及，后者主要涉及比较物与被比较物之间的平行问题。如：My first daughter's eyes are a little larger than my second daughter.（→second daughter's）（五）近形近义类错误
1.近形。主要指在拼写上容易混淆的单词。如：adapt-adopt，crash-crush，confirm-conform，desert-dessert，formal- former，ingenious-ingenuous，instance-instant，personal-personnel，principal -principle，stationary-stationery等。
2.近义。主要指词义概念相近的词。如：besides-except，doubt-suspect，discover-invent，efficient-effective，noise-voice
3.近形近义。主要指词义概念和拼写上都容易相混的单词。这类错误比近形或近义较多见，相对难度也略大，这样的单词有：across-cross，affect-effect，econimic-economical，emigrate-immigrate，historic-historical，continual-continuous，assure-ensure-insure-sure，late -later-lately-latest-latter，medical-medicinal，rise-arise-raise-arouse，technique-technology等。
三、解题方法
1.三步法解题：
（1）通读全文，了解全文大意和主题；
（2）找错并改正；
（3）通读全文，核对检验。
2.在短文改错过程中，还须遵循以下步骤：
（1）在理解句子的基础上，先从动词、句法的角度判断有无这方面的错误以及错误的位置；2）确定无句法错误后，再考虑用法、搭配和近形近义方面的错误；
（3）在排除了上述两种可能后，应着重从语篇角度寻找有无上下文语义方面的错误（注意连接性词语和那些可能有反义词的词）；
4）注意标有题号的各行与上行或下行相临处的错误；
（5）若经过以上步骤还无法判断错误所在，则应暂时放弃该行，而继续往下做，待做完全文，对全文有更深入、更完整的理解的基础上进行检验时再作判断。宜从介词及一些简单而易被忽视的语法角度的"细微处"多加考虑。
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Last week my parents and I took a two-days trip to Emei Mountain in Sichuan. As every one knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain. The three of them were very excited. As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. （二） Many teachers worry about the effects of television with young people. According to studies, many children spend more time watching television than they spend in school. Because so much viewing, children may not be develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves. No one worries much about the radio program young people listen to, although radios can be very noise. Teachers also wonder about the effects of television commercials. On one year the average child will see 25,000 television commercials, all planned and written by grown-ups to make children to want things that they don't real need. （三） I’m the captain o f our school team so with my fellow players we’ve won sever al games. There will an important game next month. But one of the best player in our team told me just then that he wouldn’t play basketball once more. His parents asked him to spend in more time preparing for the college entrance examination. I feel sorry to him. But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports and college was the only place for a smart boy like his son. So my friend had no choice. He wanted to make their parents happy. (四) When I first learned to write English, I ran into many difficulties . The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English. My teacher advised me to keep my diary. I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day. Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English .One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher .She liked it very much and reads it to the class .All said the story was a good one. Their word were a great encouragement to me. （五） Dear Ralph, I’m a newcomer here of a small town. I would describe myself as shy and quietly. Before my classmates, it seems always difficult for me to do things as well them. I'm sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool. So I feel happy every day. Besides, I have few friends. I don't know that they don't like to talk with me. Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class, but after class we become stranger at once. I am trying to improve the situation since it doesn’t seem to work. Can you tell me about what I should do? Yours, Xiao Wei
(完整版)高考英语短文改错专项练习试题.docx
高考英语短文改错专项练习试题 2015 高二级高考英语短文改错练习 【命题趋向】 短文改错是一项主要测试考生的判断能力，观察能力、纠错能力语言基础知识 及语言的综合运用能力。 短文改错的趋势： 1.改错短文以记叙文和说明文为主。 2.文章内容贴近学生生活，没有生僻词汇和复杂的结构，文章简单易懂，错误 设置也很简单，多为学生平常作文中常出现的错误。 3.短文一般 100 词左右，错误有9 处。 4.常见错有三种 : 错词、多词、缺词。错词占60%左右 【错误类型】 1.错词 2. 多词 3. 缺词 4. 正错【考 点透视】 一．错词的热点 1．动词—时态语态非谓语；主谓关系。 2．联系词—关系代词和关系副词；连词；连接词。 3．名词—可数名词、不可数名词，可数名字的单复数变化。 4．介词—介词和动词的搭配错误。 5．形容词 /副词—词类错用。 6．冠词—定冠词和不定冠词的错用。 7．代词—人称代词；物主代词；反身代词。 8．惯用法—固定句型，固定短语。 二．多词和缺词热点 1. 冠词 2.介词 3.副词 4.代词 5.关联词 6.小品词 to 【短文改错主要特点】 1.语言材料取自于学生的习作。 2.短文为贴近学生生活的话题或学生 身边事。 3.短文难度符合学生水平。 4.语言简单易懂。 5.没有生僻的语言现象或繁难的语句结构。 【例题解析】 一．错词 1.动词错误：时态和语态、主谓一致的错误。 【 1】整体时态： *Then I ask him“ Grandma, how come you have so much lines on your hand”全文为故事，故 ask 改为 asked。 *High over the water, they discover a hole in the balloon.The hole became bigger and bigger. 全篇使用过去时态，故改 discover- -discovered 【 2】主谓一致 *Having fun with their friends make them happy. 动名词短语做主语，谓语动词用单数形式makes。 *But the most wonderful thing about jack were his musical ability。 主语为 the most wonderful thing 故此，系词为 was
短文改错练习题(附答案解析)
1．； 2．短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 3．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌系的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 4．增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。 5．删除：把多余的词用斜线（ / ）划掉。 6．修改：在错的词下划一横线（____），并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 7．注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词； 8．2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分. 9．My soccer coach retired in last week. I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party. My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decide to ask her for help. Mum taught me some basic step of baking. I insisted on doing most of the baking myself. I thought the biscuits were really well. My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up. 10．At a party, my coach, with a biscuit in his mouth, asked surprisingly who made them and joked, “I might have to retire again next year get some more of these biscuits.” 11．My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter! 12．2．短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 13．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．14．增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。 15．删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。 16．修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 17．注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。 18．2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。 19．In order to promote participation in outdoor exercise, our school had organized an activity to climb the West Mountain on April 10. The moment we arrived at the foot of a mountain, we set out for the top in high spirit. We supported each other to pass the rocky areas on the course of the climb. Laughing and cheering, we eventually reached the summit, there we were greeted by the bright sunshine and fresh air. Viewing from the top, the city was extremely beautiful This event was very benefit, for not only we take a break from our heavy school workload, but we also learned what to cooperate. Therefore, we strongly suggest that similar events are held every year! 3．短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同学写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
2020年高考英语短文改错典型试题专项突破终极版 含答案解析 10篇 (1)
2020年高考英语短文改错典型试题专项突破终极版（共10篇）含答案解析 1 A few days before, I saw an interesting program on TV. It was about the problem of the traffic in our cities. It seemed that a great deal of damage had done by traffic. But now our cities are still suffered from riffs problem. Some buildings are actually falling to piece. It is often faster to walk than to go by car or bus, The problem has been getting worse for long time. This is only one problem among thousands others in our cities. All sorts of terrible things have happened with our cities. And the biggest question is “What can we do about it?”Our roads have ever been designed for such a heavy traffic. Key：1．将before改为ago。before用于过去完成时，ago用过去时。2．去掉traf-fic 前的冠词the。traffic指车辆。为不可数名词。3．had后加been。为被动语态。4．suffered 改为suffedng。为进行时。5．pmce改为pmces。fall to pieces倒塌。6．正确。7．在long 之前加。a。for a long time为固定用法。8．在to。thousands后加of。thousands of为惯用法，表示“数千的”。9．将with改为To。happen to为固定用法。10．根据句意将ever改为nevcr。 2 Most Americans don’t like to get advices from melnbers of tbelr famlly. When they are in a trouble and need advice, they write letters for newspapers or magazincs. Most newspapers print letters from readers with problems. Along with the Ietters there have answers written by people who are was first grown in which is now part of the United States. Columbus, Who discovered America, saw the Indians smoking. Soon the drying leaves were transported to Europe where smoking began to catch on. At the late 1800s, the Turks made cigarettes popular. Smoking cigarettes is danger. The US Public Health Service stated that the smoking cigarettes is the reason of lung cancer and several other deadly diseases. The US government now requires that each package of cigarettes bears a special warning against the danger of smoking. Key: 1. 在for后加a。for a long time很久。2. 将that改为which。为非限制性定语从句。 3. which改为that。为名词性从句，“就是在现在美洲的地方”。 4. 正确。 5. drying改为dried。意为“晒干的”。 6. At改为In。在……年代用in。 7. dan-ger改为dangerous。 8. 去掉smoking 前的the。动名词做主语。 9. reason改为cause。reason理由，cause导致……的原因，起因。 10. bears改为bear。require后的宾语从句应用should+动词的虚拟结构，should可省略。 3
高考英语短文改错常考考点与历年真题版
高考英语短文改错测试重点及分类解析 第一章短文改错测试重点及分类解析 根据短文改错的命题特点，我们可以按照以下四步进行备考快速练习。 第一步：审题。通读全文，了解大意。全面把握文章整体(时态、题材及容)。 第二步：重读全文，应先确定一些明显的错误，以便疏通短文，化繁为简，为后面解题打开思路。许多问题可在这一阶段得到解决。从词法、句法到行文逻辑三方面着手，逐句而不是逐行地分析、找错。 第三步：综观全篇，看错误类型的比例是否得当、前后逻辑是否一致、有无前后矛盾等现象。 第四步：认真检查，避免出现以下错误：符号不规；一个词改为几个或几个改为一个；该大写的未大写；合成词只改了其中一部分等。 下面，我们根据词性不同，来对改错题目进行分类解析。 第一节名词 在短文改错中见到名词时，应检查是否有数、格及名词前限定词用法等错误。汉语中的名词在形式上无复数变化，而是通过在名词前加数词来表示；英语则不同，除了在名词前加数词之外，如果是可数名词，还应将该名词变为复数形式。 1. 检查句中名词的单复数形式是否符合句意。 2. 检查句中有无可数名词和不可数名词的误用。 3. 检查句中有无所有格的误用。 4. 检查句中有无名词前限定词的误用。 练习 请改正下列句子中的语法错误，注意名词的使用。 1. He is on good term with me. 2. He is a generous fellow, and will soon make friend with you again. 3. His opinion is considered to be great value. 4. He sent his daughter to a girl’s high school. 5. Give me three spoonful of sugar. 6. His eyes are as blue as a Scandinavian. 7. A few peoples live to be a hundred years old. 8. Aunt Mary returned home after ten year’s absence. 9. He is a friend of my brother. 10. The observation of the law is the first duty of every citizen. 注释 1. term → terms, term的复数形式表示条件、关系， on good terms with...意为“与……关系良好”。 2. friend → friends, make friends with...与某人交朋友。 3. be great value → be of great value, val ue是名词， be of+名词=be+形容词。即of great value=greatly valuable。 4. girl’s → girls’，女子高中是a girls’ high school。 5. spoonful → spoonfuls, spoonful是可数名词。 6. scandinavian → Scandinavian’s。. 7. peoples → people此处people作“人讲”，是复数名词。 8. year’s → years’。 9. b rother → brother’s应是brother’s friends, 其后做了省略。
高考英语短文改错讲解
高考英语短文改错讲解 01 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（Λ），并在其下面写出该加的次。 删除：把多余的用斜线（）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：(1).每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； (2).只允许修改10处，多者（从第l1处起）不计分。 During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also Iwent here again,they had a big separnte house to raise dozens of chicken.They also had a small pond,which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed. 【答案与解析】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在去年寒假期间和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶过程中的所见所闻，由此讲述了乡下的巨大变化。 7. sell改成selling 考查动名词。去年夏天他们通过卖鱼挣了一大笔钱。此处介词by后用动名词，故用selling。 8. happily改成happy 考查形容词作表语。他们的生活有了很大提高，我感到很高兴。此处形容词作表语，故将happily改成happy。 9. 删除for 考查介词的用法。时间名词有every，each，last等词修饰时，其前不用介词。故删除for。 10. but改成and 考查并列连词的用法。我计划每两年回来一次，他同意了。