第五讲 汉英句子翻译2
英汉翻译学习Lesson5
Lesson 5Activity 1 RevisionTask 1 Translating the following into Chinese1.the ancient Chinese philosophers（中国古代的哲学家们）2.somewhere unknown （不为人所知的某个地方）3.a candidate with little chance of success（一个当选希望极微的后选人）4.particles moving round their atomic nucleus（环绕原子核运动的粒子）5.the decimal system of counting（十进制计算法）6.Ribbentrop mounted the gallows in the execution chamber of theNuremberg prison.（里宾特洛甫走上纽伦堡监狱死刑室的绞架。
）Task 2 Translating the following into English1.一个要饭的，身材短小，面黄肌瘦，衣衫褴褛，瘸腿，满脸短髭。
(a short, yellow, ragged, lame, unshaven beggar)2.为了迷惑别人，他机灵地说些自我挖苦的笑话。
(He was quick to use self-deprecating humor to throw anyone off the scent.)3.那个国家的人口正在急速增长。
(The population of that country is growing rapidly.)4.她很少说话，只是别人问她的时候才简短地回答。
(She said little, only answering briefly when asked a question.)5.一辆坐满人的吉普车疾驶而过，溅了我一身水。
(A jeep, full, sped fast, drenching me in spray.)6.我们提着一口袋玩具和书籍，在晨曦中穿过了花园。
(最全版)新编英语教程5 第三版 workbook 句子翻译
新编英语教程5 workbook句子翻译Unit 11. After citing many facts and giving a number of statistical figures, he finally drove home his point.在举出许多事实并列出一些统计数字后，他终于把他的论点讲清楚了。
（drive sth. home）2. It took us half a year more or less to carry through the research project.差不多花了半年功夫，我们才完成了那研究项目。
（ more or less）3. What he said was so subtle that we could hardly make out his true intention.他说的话是如此微妙我们很难理解他的真实意图。
（subtle）4. His new book looks squarely at the contemporary social problems.他的新书明确无误地审视当代的社会问题。
（squarely）5. The younger generations today are very much alive to the latest information found on the Internet今日的年轻一代对互联网上的最新信息很关注。
（be alive to）6. It is a matter of opinion whether a foreign language is more easily learned in one’s childhood or otherwise. 外语是不是在童年更容易学好？这是一个观点问题。
（a matter of）7. Never lose heart in the face of a setback; take courage and deal with it squarely.在挫折面前千万不要丧失信心；鼓起勇气坚定不移去克服它。
汉译英课件第五讲
Examples
3）And until recently this hostile towards daydreaming was the most common one， （But now some people are taking a fresh look at daydreaming， some think it may be a very healthy thing to do．） 不久前，这种白日做梦的否定态度仍然相当普遍。
……使之能比较珍惜学校的人才资源，勤奋刻苦的 努力。而现在这些人才资源和努力都浪费在无人感兴 趣的证书、文凭和学位上。
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Examples
2）For the first two years，the war was largely 1eft to the soldiers，whose on1y objective was victory without regard for politica1 considerations，because these they did not understand. 在战争头两年中，战争主要是交给军人们去负 责，因为他们唯一的目标是取胜，不是政治因 素，这个他们也不懂。
习惯于多动脑筋而不是不大肯动脑的人，在进 人老龄后要比起一个不积极动脑子的人的认知 能力更为健全。
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Examples
6） While these underprivileged peop1e receive he1p from the Government, they have no high hopes for their future．
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新英汉翻译课件教程 Chapter 5 翻译的技巧
• 例3：Suddenly an idea mingled with the alcoholic fumes that disturbed his brain. It was apparently of a jocular nature, for he felt impelled to slap his leg again and cram his fist into mouth.（《中国翻译》 1997．2） • 【译文】他醉意未消，脑子里突然冒出了一个念头。这个 念头显然带有开玩笑性质，他禁不住拍了一下大腿，接着 就把拳头塞进嘴里，免得笑出声来。 • 【解析】在译这段话时，提出“他为何把拳头塞进嘴里” 的问题，会发现这是一个省略了表示行为目的内容的句子， 如照搬原文形式，会使译文给人一个语义不全、概念不完 整的感觉。依照上面所提问题，再根据语境语义线索“of a jocular nature” 就可得出“cram his fist into his mouth”这一行为目的是“避免笑出声来”，只要明白这 一点，完整的汉语可顺利译成，难题迎刃而解。
• 3. Without his knowledge, the matchmakers were at work. • 【译文】他自己还不知道，媒人却已为他工作了。 • 4. I was like that ship before my education began, only I was without compass or sounding-line. • 【译文】我的教育开始之前，就像这样一条船，只是没有 罗盘和测深绳。 • 5. The broker’s hour is not only crowded, but minutes and seconds are hanging to all the traps and packing both front and rear platforms. • 【译文】经纪人的时间不但是拥挤的，而且分分秒秒都在 月台上挂皮带，打包。
第五章：汉英句子翻译
efficiency.
English Department of KDNTC Huang Xin
Discussion： (10) 进一步简化手续，及时地积极地从国外引进技术，并且 认真组织科学技术人员和广大职工做好消化和推广工作。 We should simplify procedures and take prompt action to import urgently needed technology and organize scientists, technicians and workers to assimilate popularize imported technology.
English Department of KDNTC Huang Xin
Discussion： In translation from Chinese to English there are two other things
to be noticed. First, the Chinese language uses a lot of category words in its expressions. For example, 任务，工作，情况，状态， 问题，形势，局面，事业，现象，领域，做法，etc. These words are known as empty words that do not have concrete meanings and are used only to make the expressions structurally acceptable. Therefore, they are always omitted in the process of translating.
第五讲汉英句子翻译基本原理及主要方法
结构差异带来的启示
e.g. ……在这一年半中，她抄写、背写英 语单词的纸，累起来可达桌子高。…… In that year and a half, the paper on which she had copied English words or written them down from memory, if stacked up, could reach the table from the floor.
举例1
外高桥保税区是中国大陆第一个自由贸易区，她是以 出口加工和自由贸易相结合的一个综合型对外开放区 域。位于浦东新区东北端，濒临长江口，距市中心20 公里。 改译：Shanghai Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone is the first of its kind on China‟s mainland, or rather a comprehensive free trade zone open to the outside world characterized by free trade along with export processing. Overlooking the Yangtze River estuary, the zone is located in the northeast end of the Pudong New Area of Shanghai, 20 kilometers from the downtown district of the city proper.
译文二
看到这惨状，大家立即陷入了恐慌，有 人甚至有了打退堂鼓的心思。 The sight of the miserable scene terrified the people, some of whom even harbored the intention of making a retreat.
2020新教材译林版5AUnit2英汉互译课件
To study and implement the spirit of the two sessions is the primary political task of the educators in 2018. Through the study of the spirit of the two sessions, I have a profound awareness that the key to the prosperity and development of the country lies in the Party, and the key to the all-round rejuvenation of the nation lies in education. The two sessions were held on March 3, and the two sessions have attracted much attention. The Congress of democracy, unity, harmony, and pragmatism has determined the work of economic and social development in 2018, which is of great significance for further promoting scientific development, promoting social harmony, and continuously opening up a new situation for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. At present, the most important political task before us is to concentrate on the two Will spirit study well, carry out well.
英汉翻译讲义-第五章PPT课件
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翻译技巧
选词技巧
确定词义
在翻译过程中，需要确定每个 英文单词的准确含义，特别是
那些具有多重含义的单词。
选择合适的词汇
根据上下文和语境选择最合适 的词汇进行翻译，确保译文准 确传达原文的意思。
注意词义的褒贬色彩
在翻译时需要注意英文单词的 褒贬色彩，确保译文的情感色 彩与原文一致。
考虑文化因素
在选词时需要考虑文化因素， 选择符合目标语言文化的词汇 ，避免产生文化冲突或误解。
翻译的过程
理解阶段
在翻译过程中，首先需要对原文 进行深入理解，包括语义、语境、
文化背景等方面的理解。
表达阶段
在理解原文的基础上，译者需要运 用目标语言的表达方式将原文的意 义、情感和风格传达出来。
校对阶段
完成初步翻译后，译者需要进行校 对工作，检查译文中的错别字、语 法错误、表达不流畅等问题，并进 行修正。
英汉翻译讲义-第五章
目 录
• 第五章导言 • 翻译理论 • 翻译技巧 • 实践与案例分析 • 总结与思考
01
第五章导言
章节概述
01
介绍英汉翻译的基本原 则和技巧，包括直译、 意译、音译等。
02
探讨英汉两种语言在词 汇、语法、句法等方面 的差异。
03
分析英汉翻译中的常见 问题，如词义选择、句 子结构调整等。
下章预告
• 第六章：翻译中的修辞手法与风格处理
感谢您的观看
THANKS
根据不同的分类标准，翻译可以分为 多种类型，如文学翻译、科技翻译、 商务翻译等。
翻译的标准
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忠实于原文
译文应忠实于原文，准确 传达原文的意义、情感和 风格，不得随意改动或曲 解。
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第五讲汉英句子翻译(二)第二部分特殊句型及含修辞格的句子之翻译策略一、连动/兼语句（一）汉语连动式两个或两个以上的动词，与同一主语发生主谓关系, 是汉语连动式的特点。
1. 表示先后关系的连动式通常将几个动词都译成谓语动词，按原文的先后次序，用and加以连接，或用分词结构来译。
如：他打开抽屉拿出词典来。
He opened the drawer and took out a dictionary.他到车站发现火车已经开走了。
Arriving at the station, he found that the train had left.2. 表示“手段、目的”关系的连动式，在英译时，通常把前一个动词，即表示手段的动词译作谓语，而后一个动词（表示目的的动词）则用不定式译作英语的目的状语。
如：去年他回北京去看朋友。
Last year he went to Beijing to visit his friends.但是，在表示―手段、目的‖关系的连动式中，第一个动词有时也可以用含目的意义的介词来译。
他回家去取钥匙。
He went home for the key.3. 有些连动式，前一个动作表示后一个动作的方式、状态，两者形成主从关系。
在英译时，通常把后一个动作用限定动词译成谓语，前一个动作用非限定动词译成分词或介词短语。
如：游行的人拿着鲜花和彩旗在街道上行进。
The paraders marched in the street, carrying flowers and banners in their hands.（二）汉语兼语式如果一个句子的谓语有两个动词，前一动词的宾语，是后一动词的主语，前后两个动词不共一个主语，这就是汉语的兼语式。
1. 把兼语式的第二个动词转化为英语的宾语补足语。
虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。
Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.2. 英语中有大量的含有―致使‖、―促成‖意义的动词，有时为了句子简练有力，往往利用这类动词来翻译。
整个事情真叫我们吃惊。
The whole thing surprised us.这会使孩子们高兴的。
That will please the children.3. 也可按照上下文和英语习惯灵活翻译。
她责备孩子迟迟不回家。
She reproached her child for staying out late.报上批评这位作家没有真正地反映生活。
Newspaper criticized the author because he failed to present a true picture of life in his works.二、主语省略句（无主句）在正常情况下，英语的主语是不能缺少的（除祈使句和一些谚语外），而汉语的主语有时却可有可无。
翻译汉语省略主语句子时多用增添法。
（词的的增减的原则是：增词不增意，减（省略）词不减意）例如：Before my bed a pool of light—Can it be hoarfrost on the ground?Looking up, I find the moon bright;Bowing, in homesickness I’m drowned.诗歌如此，普通句子更不必说。
例如：1. 没有调查就没有发言权。
He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak .2. 不坚持，就会失败。
One will fail unless one preserves. (泛指)If you don’t hold on, you will fail . (特指)Keep on, or we’ll fail. (特指)3既发高烧，又抽搐不已，的确是很危险的。
The case in which the patient is running high fever and suffering from continuous convulsion has got into grave danger indeed. (泛指)His case is really serious, as he is suffering from high fever and continuous convulsion. (特指)4. 在发芽前给种浇水。
Before the plant germinates, it is watered.汉语无主句中的宾语充当英语中的主语，动词使用被动语态。
5. 把这些物资尽快送到地震灾区是非常紧急的任务。
It is a matter of great urgency that the supplies should be dispatched to the earthquake – stricken area as soon as possible.6. 生于忧患，死于安乐。
One prospers in worries and hardships and perishes in ease and comfort.三、“把”字句由介词―把‖构成的―把‖字句是汉语中既特殊又极为常用的一种句型。
英译―把‖字句时，应按照其不同的意义、作用和结构，选择不同的译法。
例如：1. 你最好在月底之前把这台机器修好。
You had better have this machine repaired by the end of this month.2. 那一趟可把我累坏了。
That trip tired me out.3. 那年轻人把腰板一挺，不服输。
The young man straightened himself up and refused to admit defeat.4. 他们把我们当作贵宾来款待。
They treated us as distinguished guests.5.把电源插头插入220V交流电源插座，将电源开关按下。
Connect the main plug to AC 220V source socket and push power switch to turn on the receiver.四、“得”字句（可以撇开汉语这一特有结构，根据意思灵活运用英语中合适的结构）1）表示能力或可能性的“得”字句论唱歌谁能比得上她？Who can match her in singing?他能担得起大事。
He is capable of great things.2）表示结果或程度的“得”字句天气热得人喘不过气来。
It was such a hot weather that people were out of breath.这些苹果酸得不能吃。
These apples are too sour for eating.他被打得遍体鳞伤。
He was beaten black and blue.他笑得肚子疼。
He laughed till his sides split.我说出这个消息时，他高兴得跳起来。
He jumped for joy when I told him the news.他热得满头大汗。
He was sweating all over.五、比喻由于中英两国有不同的历史和风俗习惯，汉英两种语言对比喻性词语的使用常有所不同，汉译英时直译的情况较少。
1) 直译：用于非汉语所特有的比喻性词语清清的溪水，潺潺地流着，像仙女身上美丽的飘带，从高涯上伸展到遥远的地方去。
Rippling crystal streams stretched away into the distance from the towering bluffs like the beautiful streamers of a fairy maid.2）意译：汉语比喻的形象在英语中难以再现或不合乎译文语言习惯，只好舍去汉语比喻所用形象，保留原比喻的含义，舍形求意我半世的辛苦，全是替他们做牛马。
I’ve been slaving all these years just to make money for them.有一些人很骄傲，读了几句书，自以为了不起，尾巴翘到天上去了。
Some are conceited; having picked up some book-phrases, they think themselves terrific and are very cocky.比一比就比一比，但谁也不能打退堂鼓。
W e’re willing to take up the challenge. And neither side should back out.3) 转换法：有时比喻中的同一形象在两种语言中可能引起不同的联想，所以翻译时不能直接采用汉语的比喻性词语，而改换为英语中含有类似意思的比喻性词语。
大家心里都乐得开了花，像办喜事那样忙忙碌碌地做着各种准备工作。
Everyone was as pleased as though a festival was approaching, and set about getting ready for it.这人原先胆子小，干啥也是脚踩两只船。
The man had formerly been a coward, a fence-sitte r..六、排比句大多数排比都是可以进行直译的。
对含重复成分的排比进行直译，可以基本保留原文的形式美和声音美，同时也可以通过再现的重复，使突出强调的效果得以保持，使原文的语势美得以传达。
例如：燕子去了，有再来的时候；杨柳枯了，有再青的时候；桃花谢了，有再开的时候。
Swallows may have gone, but there is a time of return; willow trees may have died, but there is a time of regreening; peach blossoms may have fallen, but they will bloom again.但是，有时排比项中包含的重复并不需要进行全部完整的传达，过多的重复会造成结构上的臃肿和冗余。
而且，一般来说，汉语喜欢重复用实义词，尤其是在排比中，而英语则往往避免重复实义词，省略重复的词语。
此外，英语倾向于多用代词，特别是人称代词；汉语倾向于重复名称、人名或称谓。
因此在进行汉英语际转换时，应注意在适当时候避免重复。