英美文化概论课程论文
英美文学方面论文范文
英美文学方面论文范文英美文学是源远流长的,英美文学在今天文学史的地位是通过经历长期的、复杂的过程演变而来的。
下文是店铺为大家整理的关于英美文学方面论文范文的内容，欢迎大家阅读参考!英美文学方面论文范文篇1试析英美文学中的文化问题随着经济全球化趋势的不断加快，英美文学逐渐成为高等院校非常重视的一门专业必修课程，学校开设英美文学课程的主要目的在于培养学生的阅读欣赏能力以及在英美文学阅读中的理解能力，高等学校对英美文学课程的重视对于学生提高自身的英语水平起到了很大的作用，但是随之而来产生了一些文化问题，很多学生由于对英美文学缺乏深层含义的了解而逐渐丧失英美文学阅读的兴趣，这就要求我们在阅读英美文学的过程中要将语言学知识掌握扎实，广泛了解英美文化知识，从而不断增强英美文学课程开设的积极意义。
一、文化因素在英美文学中的重要性随着我国与世界各国之间的联系越来越密切，跨文化能力逐渐成为英语教学过程中的重要组成部分，在英美文学的教学中也逐渐显示出其强大的生命力，语言本身就是一种文化，而语言与文学作品又能够准确地反映出一个民族文化环境中的习俗、信仰和普遍价值取向，我们在学习英美文学的过程中，也必然会接触到作品中所含有的各种文化知识，在英美文学的学习过程当中，学习者的个人情感因素非常重要，而其所掌握的文化知识也是不可或缺的。
在传统的英美文学教学中，我国的大部分高校文学教师都过分注重对文本阅读的重视和对英美文学作品的研究，忽视了指导学生对英美文学创作背景的认识，这样的教学方式使得大部分学生在学习的过程中缺乏基本的文化理解能力，对于英美文学中的文化因素不能做到深入的了解，对所阅读的英美文学作品中的文化内涵缺乏认知能力，使得学生在阅读英美文学作品时只能浮于表面，无法准确揭示文学作品当中的深层文化意义。
任何一门文学课程的学习都需要学习着具备较强的文化思想，并且具备一定的理解能力，而要想不断提高自身在学习文学作品当中的理解能力，就需要学习者首先对这门文学所产生的背景文化知识有一个深入的了解，一个优秀的文学学习者在文化经验、认知能力、语言学知识等各个方面都应当有较强的造诣，在英美文学的学习过程当中，学习者掌握一定的语言文化知识固然很重要，但是仅仅掌握语言文化知识也远远不够的，要想真正将英美文学的内容了解透彻，我们还应当不断加强对英美文化背景知识的认识，只有借助于英美文化背景知识的帮助，学习者才能真正深入了解英美文学中的文化内涵，对于英美文学中所展现出的生活方式、宗教习俗、思维模式、价值取向、历史发展状况等有一个基本的把握，真正理解作品中所具有的思想感情，这种对于文学作品的理解能力的培养不是一朝一夕的过程，在这一过程中，学生必须坚持不懈，文学教师也应当指导学生掌握正确的学习方法，养成科学阅读英美文学作品的良好习惯，使学生在学习中不断提高阅读英美文学作品的能力，提高自身的文学素养。
英美文化概论课程论文
英美文化概论课程论文－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－What I've Learnt in This CourseAuthor name: 杨坤student number : During this course，we have get the knowledge about America and Britain of their history , language , literature , education , politics and so on .United Kingdom covers only a small part area of the earth's surface , but its people share many different origins and cultures including the Scots , the Welsh , the Irish and the English .The English we use today has experienced too many changes . Old English of Anglo-saxon ,although it is the ancestor of modern English ,appears quite different from today's language .During AD 587-1066 , They used both Latin and Germanic scripts but always called their language Englisc .With the Norman invasion led by William the Conqueror in 1066 , norman French became the official language of English .The following phases are Middle English , Modern English ,Standard English .British government system The monarchy is the oldest secular institution in the United Kingdom .The British constitution is consisted of Acts of Parliament , the Prerogative of the Grown , Conventions of the Constitution , Common Law and Parliamentary Privilege . There are three elements in Parliament——the Crown , the House of Lord , the House of Commons . English literature begins around the 8th century in a language called Old English or Anglo-saxon . During this time the master work is Beowulf , a story of a great king who fought against monsters. The middle English period , generally defined as 1100 to 1500 , sees the true beginning of the magnificent heritage of English literature .During t his period many outstanding writers appeared as like Chauccer and the Shakespeare . Chaucer was the first to use English creation of court writer. He lived in London, use natural central England each county English, not dialect in northern or south England . His works made great contribution to the formation of modern English . when he was young , Chaucer translated part of the love poem "rose legend "into English. His first work is "the duchess's book. "Especially Roy Russ and klein west Germany based on boccaccio , show the great poem talent of Chaucer . His last longest and most famous work is the Canterbury tales. His work in Britain has always been treated as the best until Shakespeare's time. Shakespeare wrote tragic (Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth, as king Lear) , comedy(The merchant of Venice, a midsummer night's dream, happy, twelfth night) , tragicomedy(Romeo and Juliet) ,historical play(Henry iv, Henry v, Henry vi, Henry viii, king John, Richard ii, Richard iii) and sonnet (Lover's complaint, LuKeLi silk non-virgins remember, Venus and adonis, enthusiasm of pilgrims, phoenix and doves) .Everybody knows that the Britain is Christians . The church of England is one of the many "Protestant" sects which broke away from the more ancient and more orthodox Roman Catholic Church several centuries ago , during the great religious upheaval called the Reformation.Being different from the Britain , the America has a very big land . In its vast area the United States comprehends most of the physical condition known to men : heatand cold , forest and desert , tropical-awamp and Arctic waste , mountains and endlessplain , empty apace and megalopolis , and the world's largest river system .Around the year 1000 , a party of Icelandic Vikings under Leif Ericson sailed to the eastern coast of North America . 500 years later , the need for increased trade and anerror in navigation led to another European encounter with America .Since 1607 , England began build the permanent colonies, in 150 years, after a lot of settlers poured in, settled in coastal regions, including many from Britain, it is partly from France, Germany, the Netherlands and Ireland and other countries. Middle of the 18th century, 13 British colonies had formed. Because of the climate and geographical environment, the 13 colonial area formed the different economic , political system and ideas . On April 19 ,1775 , revolution erupted .In 1782 30 November, Britain and America sign the Paris peace treaty, 1783 September 3rd, Britain formally recognized American independence .Each American is subjected to two governments , that of his state and that of the Union , and each has its own distinct function . In America each state made a constitution of its own and in its own way .That is very different from us . Every state constitution divided political power among three element .Each state entrusted the executive power to a governor . Finally , Each state had a system of courts ,and the judges in the courts were not to be subject to the executive or the legislative authorities .From the beginning of American history to the present today , American literature has recorded the story of quest . At different times the quest taken the different forms . In the 16th century Europeans came to this new world in search of the lost constinent of Atlantis.They came looking for golden " cities of Cibola " that haunted Coronado's imagination . They searched for the fabled northwest Passage to the Orient . Cooper , Poe , Emerson , Melvile , Mark Twain and Henry James were very outstanding in the history of American literature .Most of American belief in Christian and Catholic. America is a multi-ethnic, many religious country. Christian and Catholic, orthodox Judaism, Islam, Buddhism, Taoism and other religious also have many followers. Religious belief in the citizens of the population accounted for about 91%.America has many idiomatical festival as like the thanksgiving and Christmas . The thanksgiving day is on the 4th Thursday in November . On this day , Americans give thanks for the blessings they have enjoyed during the year and celebrate with dinners and happy reunions. Christmas season is the most festive time of the year in the United States. Students from grammar school through college have to two weeks' vocation .Many families go away for the holidays ,perhaps to ski in Colorado or to swim and sunbathe in Florida . People also decorate their house with christmas tree and red stars and color lights .They sing Christmas Carols,and sending Christmas cards .When I have learned this course ,I know that there is some reason for the rapid development of the Britain and the United States . The answers maybe are the democratic politics and good education . So ,if our we want our nation to be strong ,we have to built our politics and education .感谢阅读，欢迎大家下载使用！。
英美文化概况结课论文
The Differences between the United States and China in Education “Better be unborn than untaught, for ignorance is the root of misfortune.” Plato, an ancient Greek philosopher, said. As we all know, education is necessary to ourselves and even our society. But people in different countries receive various educations because of diverse culture. Let us see the differences in education between America and China and the influence of different education on people.First, there is much distinction between those two countries in ideals of education. American asserts equality. She claims that as many people as possible should have access to as much education as they want so that American can produce a society of literacy and local control. She places emphasis on the basic nature of knowledge and learning. Students in America should learn to discover and create new approaches to understand what is already known. American students prefer to practice by themselves instead of listening to the teachers sitting in the classroom. However, students in China are taught to learn not creative thinking but basic skills. Chinese require that students should acquire knowledge as what teachers teach and what teaching materials tell. Chinese always instill into kids’minds a thought that what teachers and teaching materials say are definitely right so that Chinese students lack the critical thought since they are children. Thus, it becomes that American students possess great abilities though get low grades and Chinese students have low abilities while get high scores, as is known to all.Second, the atmospheres in the classroom show the divergence of the two countries’education. Chinese teachers are good at drawing conclusions from a question for students to make them have no question. But American teachers are efficient at enlightening students on a question and enable every student to put forward more new questions. A student in Chinese class has to put up his hand to be allowed to stand up by teachers to answer questions while in American class students are encouraged to speak freely. If a Chinese student disagree what his teacher say, he will suffer some criticisms; nevertheless, an American students will be awarded praise if he does that. We can find out that the Chinese class pays more attention to discipline and the United States focuses on human rights.Three, the ways to further education are entirely different in China and America. There is no annual college entrance examination. Applicants are chosen on the basis of four aspects: high school records, high school teachers’recommendations, the impression they make during interviews at the university, scores on Scholastic Aptitude Test. In an American soap opera called Gossip Girl, an actor called Dan, who wants to study in Yale and passed the SAT, struggles to get three recommendations from his high school teachers or famous writers. But every Chinese student knows that if they want to go to university they must pass the college entrance examination and if they hope to go to key colleges, they have to get higher scores. So the purpose of American education system is to make students find out their shortcomings and straighten them up and Chinese educational system is elimination.Four, students’ extra-curricular life in United States is more colorful than Chinese students’. There are many students’organizations----clubs and activities in the American school helping students become successful when pursuing hobbies. Inaddition, they often do some part-time jobs to make money, which may be for activities or other things. However, Chinese students don’t have so many activities and in their extra-curricular life they will spend most of time attending cram school or doing their homework. So, they are losing their hobbies gradually.In general, I think our government should make reformation on our educational system immediately. Not only should our grades be focused on, but also students’practical ability and creative thinking should be paid more attention. Thus, our country will be more thriving and prospering and we Chinese will be more happiness!。
英美文化毕业论文
英美文化毕业论文英美文化毕业论文随着全球化的发展，英美文化在世界范围内影响深远。
作为英语为母语的国家，英美文化不仅包括语言，还涉及文学、艺术、音乐、电影等方方面面。
本文将从不同角度探讨英美文化的特点和影响。
一、英美文化的多样性英美文化的多样性是其最大的特点之一。
英国和美国都是移民国家，吸引了来自世界各地的人们。
这些移民带来了自己的语言、宗教、风俗和文化，丰富了英美文化的内涵。
在英美文化中，我们可以看到英国的皇家仪式、英式下午茶、英国乐队的摇滚音乐以及美国的独立精神、西部牛仔文化、好莱坞电影等。
这些多样性使得英美文化独具魅力，吸引了全球观众的关注。
二、英美文化的影响英美文化对世界产生了深远的影响。
首先，英美文化对语言的影响不可忽视。
英语作为全球通用语言，其词汇、语法和发音都源自英美文化。
其次，英美文化在文学领域也有着重要的地位。
莎士比亚、狄更斯、奥斯卡·王尔德等英国作家以及马克·吐温、海明威、福克纳等美国作家的作品被翻译成多种语言，影响了全球读者。
此外，英美文化在音乐、电影、时尚等领域也有着广泛的影响力。
披头士乐队、迈克尔·杰克逊、碧昂斯等英美音乐人的音乐风格和影响力跨越了国界。
好莱坞电影更是成为了全球电影产业的中心，许多经典电影和电影明星都来自英美文化。
三、英美文化的传统与现代英美文化既有传统的一面，也有现代的一面。
在传统方面，英美文化保留了许多古老的习俗和仪式。
例如，英国的圣诞节、复活节和美国的感恩节等节日都有着悠久的历史和独特的庆祝方式。
此外，英美文化中的传统艺术形式如戏剧、芭蕾舞和交响乐也一直保持着活力。
然而，英美文化也不断与时俱进，融入了现代元素。
现代英美文化注重个人自由、多元文化和创新。
在音乐领域，英美文化涌现出了流行音乐、摇滚乐、爵士乐和嘻哈音乐等各种风格。
电影工业的发展也使得英美文化更加多元化和现代化。
四、英美文化的挑战和机遇随着全球文化交流的加深，英美文化也面临着一些挑战。
英美文学论文范文
英美文学论文范文英美文学是一种重要的文化艺术表现形式,虽然是文学,其实也是反映当时时期的是思想文化和社会现实,体现的是西方文化的发展过程,也反映的是西方文化和思想。
下面是店铺为大家整理的英美文学论文，供大家参考。
英美文学论文范文一：历史文化在英美文学中的作用摘要：在诸多历史、社会、文化、政治、经济、生活方式、地域、宗教、价值观等因素差异下，英美文学作品势必出现千姿百态的形式和文学风格，只有深刻地理解上述因素对于英美文学著作的影响作用，才能够透析英美文学著作的实质，才能更好地理解英美文学著作中机智隽永的内涵。
关键词：历史文化;英美文学一、历史与文化差异影响下英美文学著作所具有的特点(一)历史与文化差异影响下英国文学著作的特点英国文学源远流长，经过了漫长的时间和时代的演变。
在这个过程中，文学本体以外的各种现实的、历史的、政治的、文化的力量对英国文学产生着影响。
英国文学是对于当时社会环境的一种映衬与写照。
文学内部遵循自身规律，历经不同历史阶段。
如盎格鲁-萨克逊史诗《贝奥武甫》;中古英国文学著作时期，代表作乔叟(Chaucer)的《坎特伯雷故事集》;文艺复兴下的莎士比亚代表作《威尼斯商人》《罗密欧与朱丽叶》《哈姆雷特》《暴风雨》等;新古典主义下的英国文学著作，浪漫主义时期，华兹华斯的《抒情歌谣集》;现实主义下的英国文学著作时期，代表作为夏洛蒂•勃朗特的《简•爱》，哈代的《德伯家的苔丝》，大作家查尔斯•狄更斯的《大卫•科波菲尔》《远大前程》《双城记》;现代主义下的英国文学著作康拉德的《黑暗的心脏》(1899)。
语言和风格的“标新立异”是英国现代派的最大特点。
战后英国文学代表作约翰•福尔斯的《法国中尉的女人》大致呈现从写实到实验和多元的走势。
从厚重的文学底蕴出发，英国文学著作发展到今天正在朝着百家争鸣、百家齐放的方向发展。
(二)历史与文化差异影响下美国文学著作所具有的特点美国的文学历史与美国资本主义的发展如影随形，虽然早期的文学著作隐约还有英国文学的痕迹，随着美国资本主义的民主与自由的不断演绎升华，美国的文学著作也大放异彩，形成了美国民族的特有色彩。
“英美社会与文化”课程论文
British generally don’t show their own inner world to others and this feature is very evident in the upper classes of society. It is difficult to know a reserved person: he never tells you anything about himself, and you may work with him for years without ever knowing where he lives, how many children he has, and what his interests are. English people tend to be like that.
英美文化概论期末英文论文1
American MusicThe music of the U.S. reflects the country’s multi-ethnic population through a diverse array of styles. Rock’n roll, rhythm, country, blues, jazz, and hip hop are among the country’s most internationally-renowned genres. The U.S. has the world’s largest music industry and also its music is heard around the world. Since the beginning of the 20th century, some types of American popular music have gained a near global audience. Native Americans were the earliest inhabitants of the U.S. and played its first music. Begining in the 17th century, immigrants from the British, Spain, Isles, and France began arriving in large numbers, bringing with them new styles and instruments. African slaves also brought musical traditions, and each subsequent wave of immigrants contributed to a melting pot.Much of modern popular music can trace back to the emergence in the late 19th century of African American blues and the growth of gospel music in the 1920s. The African American basis for popular music used elements derived from European and indigenous music. The U.S. has also seen documented folk music and recorded popular music produced in the ethnic styles of the Ukrainian, Polish, Hispanic, Irish, Scottish and Jewish communities, among others. Many American cities and towns have vibrant music scenes which, in turn, support a lot of regional musical styles. Aiong with musical centers such as Detroit, Chicago, New Y ork, Nashville and Los Angeles, many smaller cities have produced distinctive styles of music. The Creole and Cajun traditions in Louisiana music, the bluegrass and old time music of the Southeastern states and the folk and popular styles of Hawaiian music are a few examples of diversity in American music.Folk musicFolk music in the U.S. is varied across the country’s numerous ethnic groups. The native American tribes play their own varieties of folk music, most of it spiritual in nature. The native Americans played the first folk music in what is now the U.S., using a wide variety of techniques and styles. Some commonalities are near universal among native American traditional music, however, especially the lack of polyphony and harmony, and the use of vocables and descending melodic figures. Tradional instrumentations uses the flute and many kinds of percussion instruments, like rattles, drums, and shakers. Since African and European contact was established, native American folk music has grown in new directions, into fusions with disparate styles like European folk dances and Tejano music. Modern native American music may be best known for pan-tribal gatherings, powwow gatherings at which traditionally styled music and dances are performed.Blues and SpiritualsSpirituals were primarily expressions of religius faith, sung by slaves on southern plantations. In the mid to late 19th century, spirituals spread out of the United States South. In 1871 Fisk University became home to the Jubilee Singers, a pioneering griup that popularized spirituals across the country. In imitation of this group, gospel quartets arose, followed by increasing diversification with the early 20th century rise of jackleg and singing preachers.Blues is a combination of African field hollers, work songs and shouts. It developed in the rural south in the first decade of the 20th century. The most important features of the blues is its use of the blue scale, with a flatted or indeterminate third, as well as the typically lamenting lyrics;through these elements had existed in African American folk music prior to the 20th century, the codified form of modern blues did not exist until the early 20th century.Classical musicThe European classical music tradition was brought to the U.S. with some of the first colonists.European classical music is rooted in the traditions of European art, concert and ecclesiastical music. The central norms of this tradition developed between 1550 and 1825, centering on what was known as the common practice period. Many American classical composers tried to work entirely within European models until late in 19th century. When Antonin Dvooak, a prominent Czech composer, visited the U.S. from 1892 to 1895, he iterated the idea that American classical music needed its own models instead of imitating European composers. He also helped to inspire subsequent composers to make a distinctly American style. By the beginning of 20th century, many American composers were incorporating disparate elements into their work, ranging from blues and jazz to native American music.Popular musicThe U.S. has produced many popular composers and musicians in the modern world. Beginning with the birth of recorded music. American performers have continued to lead the field of popular music, which out of “all the contributions made by Americans to world culture...has been taken to center by the whole world”. Most histories of popular music start with American Tin Pan Alley or ragtime. Other, however, trace popular music back to the European Renaissance and through ballads and other popular tradions. Other authors typically look at popular sheet music, tracing U.S. popular music to minstrel, spirituals shows and vaudeville, or the patriotic songs of the Civil War.JazzJazz is a tpye of music characterized by swung and blue notes, call and response vocals, improvisation and polyrhythms. Though originally a kind of dance music, jazz has been a major part of popular music, and has also become a major element of Western classical music. Jazz has roots in West African musical and classical expression, and in African music traditions including ragtime and blues, as well as European military band music. Early jazz was closely related to ragtime, with which it could be distinguished by the use of more intricate rhythmic improvisation. The earliest jazz bands adopted many vocabularies of the blues,including bent and blue notes, instrumental “growls” and smears otherwise not used on European instruments. Jazz’ro ots come from the city of New Orleans,Louisiana,populated by black Creoles and Cajuns, who combined the French-Canadian culture of the Cajuns with their own styles of music in the 19th century. Large Creole bands that played for funerals and parades became a major basis for early jazz, which spread from Chicago to New Orleans and other northern urban centers.Country musicCountry music is a combination of popular musical forms originally found in the southern U.S. and the Appalachian Mountians. It has roots in traditional folk music, blues, gospel music, Celtic music, hokum, and old-time music and evolved rapidly in the 1920s. The term country music began to be used in the 1940s when the early term hillbilly music was deeded to be degrading, and the term was widely embraced in the 1970s, while western and country have declined in use since that time, except in the U.K., where it is still commonly used.While album sales of most musical genres have declined, country music expericed one of its best years in 2006, when, during the first six months of the year, United States sales of country albums increased by 17.7% to 36 million. Furthermore, country music listening nationwide has remained steady for almost a decade, reaching 77.3 million adults every week.The term “country music” is used to describe many genres, styles, or subgenres and so on.。
英美文化概论论文_2
英美文化概论论文－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－英美文化概论论文英美文化概况跃跃10084626机自08-2班Differences Between China and USAThe discrimination still exist in America. When you come to America, you may be surprised when you see that Blacks and Whites work side by side in offices , factories , and schools across the country . The majority of Blacks in the United States, however, live in and around only a small number of American cities.we, as Chinese, prefer to think in a spiral, casual way, while western people, more often than not, are fond of a linear, business-is-business way.If you are in China, it is not rare to see that a crowd of people throng in the supermarket, trying to get service first. People in China do line up.In contrast, in USA people always line up, no matter in a big bank or a small grocery store. And they take it for granted. Lining up haslong since become part of their life that they scarcely doubt it or grow impatient while doing it.Secondly, first come, first served. Though in words it is a normal principle here in China, it’s m ostly not the case in reality. Take an example of what usually happens in a bank. Here when we are in a middle-sized bank, and suppose we are talking with the cashier, it always tends to have someone butt in, claiming that his or her request takes only one second.And it seems that we have already been accustomed to it. So has the cashier. But in western countries, it never applies. It is always rude that you butt in while the cashier is serving his customer. No matter how little time your request costs, the cashier, more often than not, is likely to turn you down. Only one customer at a time is his principle. Thirdly, change stuff. Suppose I am in a shopping mall and the stuff I purchase cost me 142 RMB. While lining up at the casher’s and happening to check my wallet, I find I have 200 RMB and two one-Yuan coins. What will I do? To give the cashier 200 RMB, or give him 200 RMB and the two one-Yuan coins so that he could return me 60 RMB, which is more convenient for both of us.I think when the Chinese were in this situation, they would mostly choose the latter one. But in America, they won’t do so. If you try it . The cashier did not understand.So the western people are prone to lack of flexibility while doing their work. TheAmerica think that we Chinese have a tendency to make things complicate. What aninteresting contrast!What I try to say is just that we might well be in conformity with the customs and beaware of the culture differences while being abroad. Like the saying goes—while youare i n Rome, do as Romans do. If you don’t want to put yourself in the public, bearingall this in mind is perhaps the best policy. 中和美之跃的差国国异歧国当你来国跃仍然存在于美。
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What I've Learnt in This CourseAuthor name: 杨坤student number : During this course，we have get the knowledge about America and Britain of their history , language , literature , education , politics and so on .United Kingdom covers only a small part area of the earth's surface , but its people share many different origins and cultures including the Scots , the Welsh , the Irish and the English .The English we use today has experienced too many changes . Old English of Anglo-saxon ,although it is the ancestor of modern English ,appears quite different from today's language .During AD 587-1066 , They used both Latin and Germanic scripts but always called their language Englisc .With the Norman invasion led by William the Conqueror in 1066 , norman French became the official language of English .The following phases are Middle English , Modern English ,Standard English .British government system The monarchy is the oldest secular institution in the United Kingdom .The British constitution is consisted of Acts of Parliament , the Prerogative of the Grown , Conventions of the Constitution , Common Law and Parliamentary Privilege . There are three elements in Parliament——the Crown , the House of Lord , the House of Commons .English literature begins around the 8th century in a language called Old English or Anglo-saxon . During this time the master work is Beowulf , a story of a great king who fought against monsters. The middle English period , generally defined as 1100 to 1500 , sees the true beginning of the magnificent heritage of English literature .During t his period many outstanding writers appeared as like Chauccer and the Shakespeare . Chaucer was the first to use English creation of court writer. He lived in London, use natural central England each county English, not dialect in northern or south England . His works made great contribution to the formation of modern English . when he was young , Chaucer translated part of the love poem "rose legend "into English. His first work is "the duchess's book. "Especially Roy Russ and klein west Germany based on boccaccio , show the great poem talent of Chaucer . His last longest and most famous work is the Canterbury tales. His work in Britain has always been treated as the best until Shakespeare's time. Shakespeare wrote tragic (Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth, as king Lear) , comedy(The merchant of Venice, a midsummer night's dream, happy, twelfth night) , tragicomedy(Romeo and Juliet) ,historical play(Henry iv, Henry v, Henry vi, Henry viii, king John, Richard ii, Richard iii) and sonnet (Lover's complaint, LuKeLi silk non-virgins remember, Venus and adonis, enthusiasm of pilgrims, phoenix and doves) .Everybody knows that the Britain is Christians . The church of England is one of the many "Protestant" sects which broke away from the more ancient and more orthodox Roman Catholic Church several centuries ago , during the great religious upheaval called the Reformation.Being different from the Britain , the America has a very big land . In its vast area the United States comprehends most of the physical condition known to men : heatand cold , forest and desert , tropical-awamp and Arctic waste , mountains and endless plain , empty apace and megalopolis , and the world's largest river system .Around the year 1000 , a party of Icelandic Vikings under Leif Ericson sailed to the eastern coast of North America . 500 years later , the need for increased trade and anerror in navigation led to another European encounter with America .Since 1607 , England began build the permanent colonies, in 150 years, after a lot of settlers poured in, settled in coastal regions, including many from Britain, it is partly from France, Germany, the Netherlands and Ireland and other countries. Middle of the 18th century, 13 British colonies had formed. Because of the climate and geographical environment, the 13 colonial area formed the different economic , political system and ideas . On April 19 ,1775 , revolution erupted .In 1782 30 November, Britain and America sign the Paris peace treaty, 1783 September 3rd, Britain formally recognized American independence .Each American is subjected to two governments , that of his state and that of the Union , and each has its own distinct function . In America each state made a constitution of its own and in its own way .That is very different from us . Every state constitution divided political power among three element .Each state entrusted the executive power to a governor . Finally , Each state had a system of courts ,and the judges in the courts were not to be subject to the executive or the legislative authorities .From the beginning of American history to the present today , American literature has recorded the story of quest . At different times the quest taken the different forms . In the 16th century Europeans came to this new world in search of the lost constinent of Atlantis.They came looking for golden " cities of Cibola " that haunted Coronado's imagination . They searched for the fabled northwest Passage to the Orient . Cooper , Poe , Emerson , Melvile , Mark Twain and Henry James were very outstanding in the history of American literature .Most of American belief in Christian and Catholic. America is a multi-ethnic, many religious country. Christian and Catholic, orthodox Judaism, Islam, Buddhism, Taoism and other religious also have many followers. Religious belief in the citizens of the population accounted for about 91%.America has many idiomatical festival as like the thanksgiving and Christmas . The thanksgiving day is on the 4th Thursday in November . On this day , Americans give thanks for the blessings they have enjoyed during the year and celebrate with dinners and happy reunions. Christmas season is the most festive time of the year in the United States. Students from grammar school through college have to two weeks' vocation .Many families go away for the holidays ,perhaps to ski in Colorado or to swim and sunbathe in Florida . People also decorate their house with christmas tree and red stars and color lights .They sing Christmas Carols,and sending Christmas cards .When I have learned this course ,I know that there is some reason for the rapid development of the Britain and the United States . The answers maybe are the democratic politics and good education . So ,if our we want our nation to be strong ,we have to built our politics and education .。