雅思(阅读)历年真题试卷汇编1(题后含答案及解析)
雅思（阅读）历年真题试卷汇编1(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.William Gilbert and MagnetismA 16th and 17th centuries saw two great pioneers of modern science: Galileo and Gilbert. The impact of their findings is eminent. Gilbert was the first modern scientist, also the accredited father of the science of electricity and magnetism, an Englishman of learning and a physician at the court of Elizabeth. Prior to him, all that was known of electricity and magnetism was what the ancients knew, nothing more than that the lodestone possessed magnetic properties and that amber and jet, when rubbed, would attract bits of paper or other substances of small specific gravity. However, he is less well-known than he deserves.B Gilbert’s birth predated Galileo. Born in an eminent local family in Colchester county in the UK, on May 24, 1544, he went to grammar school, and then studied medicine at St. John’s College, Cambridge, graduating in 1573. Later he traveled in the continent and eventually settled down in London.C He was a very successful and eminent doctor. All this culminated in his election to the president of the Royal Science Society. He was also appointed the personal physician to the Queen(Elizabeth I), and later knighted by the Queen. He faithfully served her until her death. However, he didn’t outlive the Queen for long and died on December 10, 1603, only a few months after his appointment as personal physician to King James.D Gilbert was first interested in chemistry but later changed his focus due to the large portion of mysticism of alchemy involved(such as the transmutation of metal). He gradually developed his interest in physics after the great minds of the ancient, particularly about the knowledge the ancient Greeks had about lodestones, strange minerals with the power to attract iron. In the meantime, Britain became a major seafaring nation in 1588 when the Spanish Armada was defeated, opening the way to British settlement of America. British ships depended on the magnetic compass, yet no one understood why it worked. Did the pole star attract it, as Columbus once speculated; or was there a magnetic mountain at the pole, as described in Odyssey, which ships would never approach, because the sailors thought its pull would yank out all their iron nails and fittings? For nearly 20 years William Gilbert conducted ingenious experiments to understand magnetism. His works include On the Magnet and Magnetic Bodies, Great Magnet of the Earth.E Gilbert’s discovery was so important to modern physics. He investigated the nature of magnetism and electricity. He even coined the word “electric”. Though the early beliefs of magnetism were also largely entangled with superstitions such as that rubbing garlic on lodestone can neutralize its magnetism, one example being that sailors even believed the smell of garlic would even interfere with the action of compass, which is why helmsmen were forbidden to eat it near a ship’s compass. Gilbert also found that metals can be magnetized by rubbing materials such as fur, plastic or the like on them. He named the ends of a magnet “north pole” and “south pole”. The magnetic poles can attract orrepel, depending on polarity. In addition, however, ordinary iron is always attracted to a magnet. Though he started to study the relationship between magnetism and electricity, sadly he didn’t complete it. His research of static electricity using amber and jet only demonstrated that objects with electrical charges can work like magnets attracting small pieces of paper and stuff. It is a French guy named du Fay that discovered that there are actually two electrical charges, positive and negative.F He also questioned the traditional astronomical beliefs. Though a Coper-nican, he didn’t express in his quintessential beliefs whether the earth is at the center of the universe or in orbit around the sun. However he believed that stars are not equidistant from the earth, but have their own earth-like planets orbiting around them. The earth is itself like a giant magnet, which is also why compasses always point north. They spin on an axis that is aligned with the earth’s polarity. He even likened the polarity of the magnet to the polarity of the earth and built an entire magnetic philosophy on this analogy. In his explanation, magnetism was the soul of the earth. Thus a perfectly spherical lodestone, when aligned with the earth’s poles, would wobble all by itself in 24 hours. Further, he also believed that suns and other stars wobble just like the earth does around a crystal core, and speculated that the moon might also be a magnet caused to orbit by its magnetic attraction to the earth. This was perhaps the first proposal that a force might cause a heavenly orbit.G His research method was revolutionary in that he used experiments rather than pure logic and reasoning like the ancient Greek philosophers did. It was a new attitude toward scientific investigation. Until then, scientific experiments were not in fashion. It was because of this scientific attitude, together with his contribution to our knowledge of magnetism, that a unit of magneto motive force, also known as magnetic potential, was named Gilbert in his honor. His approach of careful observation and experimentation rather than the authoritative opinion or deductive philosophy of others had laid the very foundation for modern science.Reading passage 1 has seven paragraphs A-GChoose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.Write the correct number i-x in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet. List of Headingsi Early years of Gilbertii What was new about his scientific research methodiii The development of chemistryiv Questioning traditional astronomyv Pioneers of the early sciencevi Professional and social recognitionvii Becoming the president of the Royal Science Societyviii The great works of Gilbertix His discovery about magnetismx His change of focus1．Paragraph A正确答案：V解析：段落开头提到具体时间“16th，17th centuries”，同时出现人名Galileo 和Gilbert，与标题v的“early”和“pioneers”对应，段落主体部分讲述这两个人都是伟大的科学家，且对Gilbert进行了更详细的介绍。
雅思阅读考试题目与答案
雅思阅读考试题目与答案1. 题目：阅读理解问题：请阅读以下短文，并回答问题。
短文内容："气候变化是当前全球面临的一个重要问题。
科学家们通过研究发现，由于人类活动导致的温室气体排放，地球温度正在上升。
这种气候变化将对地球的生态系统和人类的生活产生严重影响。
问题1：气候变化是由什么导致的？问题2：气候变化对地球和人类有什么影响？答案：问题1：气候变化是由人类活动导致的温室气体排放引起的。
问题2：气候变化将对地球的生态系统和人类的生活产生严重影响。
2. 题目：段落匹配问题：请匹配以下段落与对应的主题。
段落1："大自然中的生态平衡是指各种生物种群在一个特定环境中相互依存、相互制约的状态。
当某个环境中的一种生物种群数量发生变化时，可能会影响到其他生物种群的数量和分布。
因此，生态平衡的破坏可能导致生物多样性的减少和生态系统的不稳定。
"段落2："生物多样性指的是一个生态系统中存在的各种生物种类的数量和多样性。
生物多样性对维持生态系统的稳定性和功能非常重要。
例如，一种植物物种的消失可能会导致与之相互依存的动物物种的灭绝，从而破坏生态平衡。
因此，保护生物多样性对于维护生态系统的健康至关重要。
"主题1：生态平衡的重要性主题2：生物多样性与生态系统的稳定性答案：段落1匹配主题1：生态平衡的重要性段落2匹配主题2：生物多样性与生态系统的稳定性3. 题目：填空题问题：请根据以下短文，在空白处填上合适的单词。
短文内容："法律是社会规范和行为准则的统称，它的主要功能是维护社会秩序、保护公民权益、促进公正和公平。
法律的制定和执行需要具备专业的法律知识和严格的程序，以确保正义得到实现。
"空白处1：法律是社会规范和行为准则的统称。
统称。
空白处2：法律的主要功能是维护社会秩序、保护公民权益、促进公正和公平。
社会秩序、保护公民权益、促进公正和公平。
答案：空白处1填词：统称空白处2填词：社会秩序。
雅思考试阅读试题及答案解析
雅思考试阅读试题及答案解析2017年雅思考试阅读试题及答案解析赶脚的对头是脚懒，学习的对头是自满。
以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的2017年雅思考试阅读试题及答案解析，希望能给大家带来帮助!From The Economist print editionHow shops can exploit people’s herd mentality to increase sales1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (that is，how ants，bees or any social animal，including humans，behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy.2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome， Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani， a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology， described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted：for instance，by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store， forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes， also of the Florida Institute of Technology， set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that， if a certain product is seen to be popular， shoppers are likely to choose it too. Thechallenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying.3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani’s supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag， a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information，and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods，a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high，he is more likely to select it too.4. Mr Usmani’s “swarm-moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts. And it gives shoppers the satisfaction of knowing that they bough t the “right” product—that is， the one everyone else bought. The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world，mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets. But Mr Usmani says that both Wal-Mart in America and Tesco in Britain are interested in his work， and testing will get under way in the spring.5. Another recent study on the power of social influence indicates that sales could，indeed，be boosted in this way. Matthew Salganik of Columbia University in New York and his colleagues have described creating an artificial music market in which some 14，000 people downloaded previously unknown songs. The researchers found that when people could see the songs ranked by how many times they had been downloaded，they followed the crowd. When the songs were not ordered by rank， but the number of times they had been downloaded was displayed， the effect of social influence was still there but wasless pronounced. People thus follow the herd when it is easy for them to do so.6. In Japan a chain of convenience shops called RanKing RanQueen has been ordering its products according to sales data from department stores and research companies. The shops sell only the most popular items in each product category， and the rankings are updated weekly. Icosystem， a company in Cambridge， Massachusetts， also aims to exploit knowledge of social networking to improve sales.7. And the psychology that works in physical stores is just as potent on the internet. Online retailers such as Amazon are adept at telling shoppers which products are popular with like-minded consumers. Even in the privacy of your home， you can still be part of the swarm.Questions 1-6Complete the sentences below with words taken from the reading passage. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.1. Shopowners realize that the smell of _______________ can increase sales of food products.2. In shops，products shelved at a more visible level sell better even if they are more _______________.3. According to Mr. Usmani，with the use of “swarm intelligence” phenomenon， a new method can be applied to encourage _______________.4. On the way to everyday items at the back of the store，shoppers might be tempted to buy _______________.5. If the number of buyers shown on the _______________ is high， other customers tend to follow them.6. Using the “swarm-moves” model， shopowners do nothave to give customers _______________ to increase sales.Questions 7-12Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 7-12 write YES if the statement agrees with the informationNO if the statement contraicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage7. Radio frequency identification technology has been installed experimentally in big supermarkets like Wal-Mart.8. People tend to download more unknown songs than songs they are familiar with.9. Songs ranked high by the number of times being downloaded are favored by customers.10. People follow the others to the same extent whether it is convenient or not.11. Items sold in some Japanese stores are simply chosen according to the sales data of other shops.12. Swarm intelligence can also be observed in everyday life. Answer keys：1. 答案：(freshly baked) bread. (第1段第2 行：Shoppers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they intended.)2. 答案：expensive. (第1段第4 行：Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors.)3. 答案：impulse buying. (第2段第1 句：At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome，Zeeshan- ul- hassan Usmani，a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology， described a new way to increaseimpulse buying using this phenomenon.)4. 答案：other (tempting) goods/things/products. (第2段第2 句：Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted：for instance，by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store，forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them.)5. 答案：screen. (第3段第4 行：As a customer walks past a shelf of goods， a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high， he is more likely to select it too.)6. 答案：discounts. (第4段第第1句：Mr Usmani’s “swarm- moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts.)7. 答案：NO. (第4段第3、4 句：The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world， mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets. But Mr Usmani says that both Wal- Mart in America an Tesco in Britain are interestd in his workd， and testing will get under way in the spring. 短语“get under way”的意思是“开始进行”，在Wal-Mart的.试验要等到春天才开始)8. 答案：NOT GIVEN. (在文中没有提及该信息)9. 答案：YES。
雅思阅读试题练习与答案全解析
雅思阅读试题练习与答案全解析一、练习题阅读Passage 1：阅读以下段落，回答问题1-5。
1. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The advantages of the Internet.B. The disadvantages of the Internet.C. The impact of the Internet on society.D. The history of the Internet.2. According to the passage, which of the following is a problem caused by the widespread adoption of the Internet?A. Environmental pollution.B. Privacy issues.C. Economic growth.D. Educational improvement.3. Why does the Internet lead to social isolation?A.因为它改变了人们的交流方式B.因为它使人们更容易获取信息C.因为它促进了全球连接D.因为它提供了更多的娱乐方式4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Privacy issues.B. The spread of misinformation.C. Social isolation.D. Education inequality.5. In the author's opinion, how should people use the Internet responsibly?A. They should limit their online activities to protect their privacy.B. They should only consume information from trusted sources.C. They should spend more time on social media to stay connected.D. They should use the Internet as an educational tool to enhance their knowledge.阅读Passage 2：阅读以下段落，回答问题6-10。
雅思阅读真题大全解
11111111T h e S p e c t a c u l a r E r u p t i o n o f M o u n t S t.H e l e n s A The eruption in May 1980 of Mount St. Helens, Washington State, astounded the world withits violence. A gigantic explosion tore much of the volcano's summit to fragments; the energyreleased was equal to that of 500 of the nuclear bombs that destroyed Hiroshima in 1945.B The event occurred along the boundary of two of the moving plates that make up the Earth'scrust. They meet at the junction of the North American continent and the Pacific Ocean. Oneedge of the continental North American plate over-rides the oceanic Juan de Fuca micro-plate,producing the volcanic Cascade range that includes Mounts Baker, Rainier and Hood, and LassenPeak as well as Mount St. Helens.C Until Mount St. Helens began to stir, only Mount Baker and Lassen Peak had shown signs oflife during the 20th century. According to geological evidence found by the United StatesGeological Survey, there had been two major eruptions of Mount St. Helens in the recent(geologically speaking)past: around 1900 B.C., and about A.D. 1500. Since the arrival ofEuropeans in the region, it had experienced a single period of spasmodic activity, between 1831and 1857. Then, for more than a century, Mount St. Helens lay dormant.D By 1979, the Geological Survey, alerted by signs of renewed activity, had been monitoringthe volcano for 18 months. It warned the local population against being deceived by themountain's outward calm, and forecast that an eruption would take place before the end of thecentury. The inhabitants of the area did not have to wait that long. On March 27, 1980,a fewclouds of smoke formed above the summit , and slight tremors were felt. On the 28th, larger anddarker clouds,. consisting of gas and ashes,. emerged and climbed as high as 20,000 feet. In Aprila slight lull ensued, but the volcanologists remained pessimistic. The, in early May, the northernflank of the mountain bulged, and the summit rose by 500 feet.E Steps were taken to evacuate the population. Most- campers, hikers, timbercuttersleft theslopes of the mountain. Eighty-four-year-old Harry Truman, a holiday lodge owner who had livedthere for more than 50 years, refused to be evacuated, in spite of official and public, including anentire class of school children, wrote to him, begging him to leave. He never did.F On May 18, at 8.32 in the morning, Mount St. Helens blew its top. literally. Suddenly, it was1300 feet shorter than it had been before its growth had begun. Over half a cubic mile of rock haddisintegrated . At the same moment, an earthquake with an intensity of 5 on the Richter scale wasrecorded. It triggered an avalanche of snow and ice. mixed with hot rock-the entirenorth face ofthe mountain had fallen away. A wave of scorching volcanic gas and rock fragments shothorizontally from the volcano's riven flank, at an inescapable 200 miles per hour. As the slidingice and snow melted, it touched off devastating torrents of mud and debris, which destroyed alllife in their path. Pulverised, which destroyed all life in their path. Pulverised rock climbed as adust cloud into the atmosphere. Finally, viscous lava, accompanied by burning clouds of ash andgas, welled out of volcano's new crater, and from lesser vents and cracks in its flanks.G Afterwards, scientists were able to analyse the sequence of events. First, magmamoltenrock-at temperatures above 2000oF. had surged into the volcano from the Earth's mantle. Thebuild-up was accompanied by an accumulation of gas, which increased as the mass of magmagrew. It was the pressure inside the mountain that made it swell. Next, the rise in gas pressurecaused a violent decompression. Which ejected the shattered summit like a cork from a shakensoda bottle. With the summit gone, the molten rock within was released in a jet of gas andfragmented magma, and lava welled from the crater.H The effects of the Mount St. Helens eruption were catastrophic. Almost all the trees of thesurrounding forest, mainly Douglas firs. were flattened. and their branches and bark ripped off bythe shock wave of the explosion. Ash and mud spread over nearly 200 square miles of country. Allthe towns and settlements in the area were smothered in an even coating of ash. Volcanic ash siltedup the Columbia River 35 miles away, reducing the debris that accumulated at the foot of thevolcano reached a depth. in places, of 200 feet.I The eruption of Mount St. Helens was one of the most closely observed and analysedinhistory. Because geologists had been expecting the event, they were able to amass vast amounts oftechnical data when it happened. Study of atmospheric particles formed as a result of theexplosion showed that droplets of sulphuric acid, acting as a screen between the Sun and theEarth's surface, caused a distinct drop in temperature. There is no doubt that the activity of MountSt. Helens and other volcanoes since 1980 has influenced our climate . Even so, it has beencalculated that the quantity of dust ejected by Mount St. Helens - a quarter of a cubic mile- wasnegligible in comparison with that thrown out by earlier eruptions, such as that of Mount Katmaiin Alaska in 1912 (three cubic miles). The volcano is still active. Lava domes have formed insidethe new crater, and have periodically burst. The threat of Mount St Helens lives on..Questions 1 and 2Answer questions 1 and 2 by writing the appropriate letter A-I inboxes 1 and 2 on your answersheet.Example AnswerWhich paragraph compares the eruption to the energy Areleased by nuclear bomb?1. Which paragraph describes the evacuation of the mountain?2. Which paragraph describes the moment of the explosion of Mount St. Helens? Questions 3 and 43. What are the dates of the TWO major eruptions of Mount St. Helens before 1980? Write TWO dates in box 3 on your answer sheet.4 How do scientists know that the volcano exploded around the two dates above? Using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS , write your answer in box 4 on your answer sheetQuestions 5-8Complete the summary of events below leading up to the eruption of Mount St. Helens. ChooseNO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.W rite your answers in boxes 5-8 on your answer sheet.In 1979 the Geological Survey warned ... (5) ... to expect a violent eruption before the end of thecentury. The forecast was soon proved accurate. At the end of March there were tremors andclouds formed above the mountain. This was followed by a lull, but in early May the top of themountain rose by ... (6)... . People were ...(7) ... from around the mountain. Finally, on May 18that ...(8) ..., Mount St. Helens exploded.Question 9 and 10Complete the table below giving evidence for the power of the Mount St. Helens eruption.Write your answers in boxes 9 and 10 on your answer sheet.Item Equivalent toExampleThe energy released by the explosion ofMount St. HelensAnswer500 nuclear bombsThe area of land covered in mud or ash ...(9)...The quantity of dust ejected ...(10)...Question 11Choose the appropriate letter A-D and write it in box 11 one your answer sheet.11. According to the text the eruption of Mount St. Helens and other volcanoes has influenced ourclimate by ...A increasing the amount of rainfall.B heating the atmosphere.C cooling the air temperature.D causing atmospheric storms.READING PASSAGE 2Questions 12-16Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs A-G.Choose the most suitable headings for paragraphs B-E and G from the list of heading below.Write the appropriate numbers (i-x) in boxes 12-16 on your answer sheet.NB There are more headings than paragraphs so you will not use all of them.You may use any of the headings more than once.List of Headings(i) The effect of changing demographics on organisations(ii) Future changes in the European workforce(iii) The unstructured interview and its validity(iv) The person-skills match approach to selection(v) The implications of a poor person-environment fit(vi) Some poor selection decisions(vii) The validity of selection procedures(viii) The person-environment fit(ix) Past and future demographic changes in Europe(x) Adequate and inadequate explanations of organisational failureExample Paragraph A Answer (x)12. Paragraph B13. Paragraph C14. Paragraph D15. Paragraph E16. Paragraph GPEOPLE AND ORGANISATIONS: THE SELECTION ISSUEA In 1991, according to the Department of Trade and Industry, a record 48,000 British companies went out of business. When businesses fail, the post-mortem analysis is traditionallyundertaken by accountants and market strategists. Unarguably organisations do fail because ofundercapitalisation, poor financial management, adverse market conditions etc. Yet, conversely,organisations with sound financial backing, good product ideas and market acumen oftenunderperform and fail to meet shareholders' expectations. The complexity, degree and sustainmentof organisational performance requires an explanation which goes beyond the balance sheet andthe "paper conversion" of financial inputs into profit making outputs. A more completeexplanation of "what went wrong" necessarily must consider the essence of what an organisationactually is and that one of the financial inputs, the most important and often the most expensive, ispeople.B An organisation is only as good as the people it employs. Selecting the right person for thejob involves more than identifying the essential or desirable range of skills, educational andprofessional qualifications necessary to perform the job and then recruiting the candidate who ismost likely to possess these skills or at least is perceived to have the ability and predisposition toacquire them. This is a purely person/skills match approach to selection.C Work invariably takes place in the presence and/or under the direction of others, in aparticular organisational setting. The individual has to "fit" in with the work environment, withother employees, with the organisational climate, style or work, organisation and culture of theorganisation. Different organisations have different cultures (Cartwright & Cooper, 1991; 1992).Working as an engineer at British Aerospace will not necessarily be a similar experience toworking in the same capacity at GEC or Plessey.D Poor selection decisions are expensive. For example, the costs of training a policeman areabout ￡20,000 (approx. US$ 30,000). The costs of employing an unsuitable technician on an oilrig or in a nuclear plant could, in an emergency, result in millions of pounds ofdamage or loss oflife. The disharmony of a poor person-environment fit (PE-fit) is likely to result in low jobsatisfaction, lack of organisational commitment and employee stress, which affect organisationaloutcomes i.e. productivity, high labour turnover and absenteeism, and individual outcomes i.e.physical, psychological and mental well-being.E However, despite the importance of the recruitment decision and the range of sophisticatedand more objective selection techniques available, including the use of psychometric tests,assessment centres etc., many organisations are still prepared to make this decision on the basis ofa single 30 to 45 minute unstructured interview. Indeed, research has demonstrated that a selectiondecision is often made within the first four minutes of the interview. In the remaining time, theinterviewer then attends exclusively to information that reinforces the initial"accept" or "reject"decision. Research into the validity of selection methods has consistently demonstrated that theunstructured interview, where the interviewer asks any questions he or she likes, is a poorpredictor of future job performance and fares little better that more controversial methods likegraphology and astrology. In times of high unemployment,! recruitment becomes a "buyer'smarket" and this was the case in Britain during the 1980s.F The future, we are told, is likely to be different. Detailed surveys of social and economictrends in the European community show that Europe's population is falling and getting older, Thebirth rate in the Community is now only three-quarters of the level needed to ensure replacementof the existing population. By the year 2020, it is predicted that more than one in four Europeanswill be aged 60 or more and barely one in five will be under 20. In a five-yearperiod between1983 and 1988 the Community's female workforce grew by almost six million. As a result, 51% ofall women aged 14 to 64 are now economically active in the labour market compared with 78% ofmen.G The changing demographics will not only affect selection ratios. They will also make itincreasingly important for organisations wishing to mainta in their competitive edge to be moreresponsive and accommodating to the changing needs of their workforce if they are to retain anddevelop their human resources. More flexible working hours, the opportunity of work from homeor job share, the provision of childcare facilities etc., will play a major role in attracting andretaining staff in the future.Questions 17-22Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 17-22 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement agrees with the writerNO if the statement does not agree with the writerNOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage17. Organisations should recognise that their employees are a significant part of theirfinancial assets.18. Open-structured 45 minute interviews are the best method to identify suitable employees.19. The rise in the female workforce in the European Community is a positive trend.20. Graphology is a good predictor of future fob performance.21. In the future, the number of people in employable age groups will decline.22. In 2020, the percentage of the population under 20 will be smaller than now. Questions 23-25Complete the notes below with words taken from Reading Passage 2. Use NO MORE THANONE or TWO WORDS for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 23-25 on your answer sheet.READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 26-38 which are based on Reading Passage 3on pages 9 and 10."The Rollfilm Revolution"The introduction of the dry plate process brought with it many advantages. Not only was it muchmore convenient, so that the photographer no longer needed to prepare his material in advance,but its much greater sensitivity made possible a new generation of cameras. Instantaneousexposures had been possible before, but only with some difficulty and with special equipment andconditions. Now, exposures short enough to permit the camera to the held in the hand were easilyachieved. As well as fitting shutters and viewfinders to their conventional standcameras,manufacturers began to construct smaller cameras in tended specifically for hand use.One of the first designs to be published was Thomas Bolas' s 'Detective' camera of 1881.Externally a plain box, quite unlike the folding bellows camera typical of the period, it could beused unobtrusively. The name caught on, and for the next decade or so almost all hand cameralwere called ' Detectives', Many. of the new designs in the 1880s were for magazine cameras, inwhich a number of dry plates could be pre-loaded and changed one after another followingexposure. Although much more convenient than stand cameras, still used by most serious workers,magazine plate cameras were heavy, and required access to a darkroom for loading andprocessing the plates. This was all changed by a young American bank clerk turned photographicmanufacturer, George Eastman, from Rochester, New York.Eastman had begun to manufacture gelatine dry plates in 1880. being one of the first to do so inAmerica. He soon looked for ways of simplifying photography, believing that many people wereput off by the complication and messiness. His first step was to develop, wih the cameramanufacturer William H. Walker, a holder for a long roll of paper negative 'film'. This could befitted to a standard plate camera and up to forty-eight exposures made before reloading. Thecombined weight of the paper roll and the holder was far less than the same number of glassplates in their ling-tight wooden holders. Although roll-holders had been made as early as the1850s, none had been very successful be cause of the limitations of the photographic materialsthen available. Eastman's rollable paper film was sensitive and gave negatives of good quality;the Eastman-Walker roll-holder was a great success.The next step was to combine the roll-holder with a small hand camera; Eastman's first designwas patented with an employee, F. M. Cossitt, in 1886. It was not a success. Only fifty Eastmandetective cameras were made, and they were sold as a lot to a dealer in 1887; the cost was toohigh and the design too complicated. Eastman set about developing a new model, which waslaunched in June 1888. It was a small box, containing a roll of paperbased stripping filmsufficient for 100 circular exposures 6 cm in diameter. Its operation was simple: set the shutter bypulling a wire string; aim the camera using the V line impression in the camera top; press therelease botton to activate the exposure; and turn a special key to wind to the film.A hundredexposures had to be made, so it was important to record each picture in the memorandum bookprovided, since there was no exposure counter. Eastman gave his camera the invented name'Kodak'-which was easily pronounceable in most languages. and had two Ks which Eastman feltwas a firm, uncompromising kind of letter.The importance of Eastman's new roll-film camera was not that it was the first. There had beenseveral earlier cameras, notably the Stirn 'America', first demonstrated in the spring of 1887 andon sale from early 1888. This also used a roll of negative paper, and had such refinements as areflecting viewfinder and an ingenious exposure marker. The real significance of the first Kodakcamera was that it was backed up by a developing and printing service. Hitherto ,virtually allphotographers developed and printed their own pictures. This required that facilities of adarkroom and the time and inclination to handle the necessary chemicals, make the prints and soon. Eastman recognized that not everyone had the resources or the desire to do this. When acustomer had made a hundred exposures in the Kodak camera, he sent it to Eastman's factory inRochester (or later in Harrow in England) where the film was unloaded, processed and printed,the camera reloaded and returned to the owner. "You Press the Button, We Do the Rest" ranEastman's classic marketing slogan; photography had been brought to everyone. Everyone, that is,who could afford $ 25 or five guineas for the camera and $ 10 or two guineas for the developingand printing . A guinea ( $ 5 ) was a week's wages for many at the time, so this simple camera costthe equivalent of hundreds of dollars today.In 1889 an improved model with a new shutter design was introduced, and it was called the No. 2Kodak camera. The paper-based stripping film was complicated to manipulate, since theprocessed negative image had to be stripped from the paper base for printing. At the end of 1889Eastman launched a new roll film on a celluloid base. Clear, tough, transparent and flexible, thenew film not only made the rollfilm camera fully practical, but provided the raw material for theintroduction of cinematography a few years later. Other, larger models were introduced, includingseveral folding versions, one of which took pictures 21.6 cm x 16.5 cm in size. Othermanufacturers in America and Europe introduced cameras to take the Kodak roll-films, and otherfirms began to offer developing and printing services for the benefit of the new breed ofPhotographers.By September 1889 , over 5,000 Kodak cameras had been sold in the USA, and the company wasdaily printing 6-7,000 negatives, Holidays and special events created enormous surges in demandfor processing: 900 Kodak users returned their cameras for processing and reloading in the weekafter the New York centennial celebration.Questions 26-29Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 26-29 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement agrees with the writerNO if the statement does agree with the writerNOTGIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage26. Before the dry plate process short exposures could only b achieved with cameras held inthe hand.27. Stirn's America' camera lacked Kodak's developing service.28. The first Kodak film cost the equivalent of a week's wages to develop.29. Some of Eastman's 1891 range of cameras could be loaded in daylight. Questions 30-34Complete the diagram below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 30-34 on your answer sheet.Questions 35-38Complete the table below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 35-38 on your answer sheet.。
雅思阅读考试真题和答案
雅思阅读考试真题和答案Passage 1: The History of TeaQuestions 1-6: Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.1. What is the main reason for the popularity of tea in Britain?A. The British climate is suitable for growing tea.B. Tea was introduced to Britain by the Dutch.C. Tea was affordable and accessible to the masses.2. How did the British tea ceremony differ from the Chinese one?A. It was more formal and elaborate.B. It was less focused on socializing.C. It was more about the ritualistic aspects.3. What was the impact of the tea tax on the American colonies?A. It led to a decrease in tea consumption.B. It resulted in the Boston Tea Party.C. It caused the colonies to grow their own tea.4. What is the primary purpose of the tea estates in India?A. To produce tea for export to Europe.B. To provide employment for local workers.C. To preserve traditional tea-making methods.5. What does the author suggest about the future of tea?A. It will become less popular due to health concerns.B. It will continue to be a staple in many cultures.C. It will be replaced by other beverages.6. What is the main focus of the International Tea Day?A. Promoting tea as a healthy beverage.B. Encouraging fair trade practices in the tea industry.C. Celebrating the cultural significance of tea.Answers:1. C2. B3. B4. A5. B6. CQuestions 7-13: Answer the statements with TRUE, FALSE, or NOT GIVEN.7. The British East India Company had a monopoly on tea trade in the 18th century.TRUE8. Tea was initially considered a luxury item in Britain.TRUE9. The Chinese tea ceremony is known for its simplicity.FALSE10. The Boston Tea Party was a protest against high tea prices.FALSE11. The tea estates in India were established to meet domestic demand.FALSE12. The author believes that tea's popularity is declining in modern times.NOT GIVEN13. International Tea Day is celebrated to promote the economic benefits of tea.NOT GIVENPassage 2: The Impact of Social Media on Mental HealthQuestions 14-20: Complete the summary with the correct information from the passage.The Impact of Social Media on Mental HealthSocial media has become an integral part of modern life, with millions of people using platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter on a daily basis. However, the effects of social media on mental health have been a topic of concern. Recent studies have shown that there is a correlation between social media use and mental health issues such as anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem.14. A study conducted by the Royal Society for Public Health found that social media can have both positive and negative effects on young people's mental health. The platforms that had the most negative impact were Instagram, Snapchat, and Facebook.15. The comparison of social media use to a "digital mirror" highlights the tendency of users to compare their lives with others, leading to feelings of inadequacy and羡慕.16. The term "FOMO" (Fear of Missing Out) is used to describe the anxiety that arises from seeing others' experiences and achievements on social media, which can exacerbate feelings of isolation and loneliness.17. Some individuals may develop a dependency on social media for validation and self-worth, which can lead to a cycle of seeking approval and reinforcement from online interactions.18. The negative effects of social media can be mitigated by setting boundaries, such as limiting the time spent on social media platforms and being mindful of the content that is consumed.19. It is suggested that parents and educators play a crucial role in guiding young people on how to use social media responsibly and in promoting a healthy relationship with these platforms.20. The potential benefits of social media, such as staying connected with friends and family, sharing experiences, and accessing information, should not be overlooked, as they can contribute positively to mental health when used in moderation.Passage 3: Renewable Energy SourcesQuestions 21-26: Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.21. What is the primary advantage of solar energy according to the passage?A. It is a clean and renewable source of energy.B. It requires minimal maintenance.C. It can be used in remote areas without infrastructure.22. Which of the following is a disadvantage of wind energy?A. It is dependent on weather conditions.B. It has a high initial cost.C. It is harmful to wildlife.23. What is the main concern regarding the use of biofuels?A. They contribute to deforestation.B. They are not as efficient as fossil fuels.C. They can lead to food shortages.24. What is the potential of tidal energy as mentioned in the passage?A. It is a consistent and predictable source of energy.B. It has a low environmental impact.C. It can be used to generate electricity on a large scale.25. What is the current limitation of geothermal energy?A. It is only available in certain geographical locations.B. It requires advanced technology for extraction.C. It is not cost-effective compared to other renewable sources.26. What does the author suggest about the future of renewable energy?A. It will replace fossil fuels completely.B. It will play a significant role in reducing carbon emissions.C. It will become the dominant source of energy worldwide.Answers:21. A22. C23. C24. A25. A26. BQuestions 27-33: Answer the statements with TRUE, FALSE, or NOT GIVEN.27. Solar energy can be harnessed in areas with low sunlight.FALSE28. Wind turbines can be noisy and disruptive to local communities.TRUE29. Biofuels are a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels.NOT GIVEN30. Tidal energy is affected by the lunar cycle.TRUE31. Geothermal energy can be used for heating as well as electricity generation.TRUE32. The cost of renewable energy is decreasing due to technological advancements.TRUE33. The author believes that renewable energy will solve all energy problems.NOT GIVENNote: This is a sample set of questions and answers for practice purposes. Actual IELTS reading tests may vary in content and structure.。
雅思阅读真题及参考答案
雅思阅读真题及参考答案2017雅思阅读真题及参考答案在准备雅思阅读复习的时候，可以通过做一些真题来提高做题效率。
为此店铺为大家带来雅思考试阅读真题以及参考答案。
雅思考试阅读真题及答案The Afghan army says at least ten members of the T aliban have been beheaded by rival militants from the Islamic State group in the east of the country. The beheadings followed weeks of fierce fightings between the two groups. Mark Lobell reports from Kabul.“The revelations emerged in a secret memo from the Afghan army’s 201th Col mistaken ly sent to the media on Wednesday. The document says that a Taliban attack on a government-held area in the remote action district close to the border with Pakistan was repelled by the army. Then ten fleeing insurgents were captured by Islamic State militants and beheaded. This is the first known beheadings of Taliban members by Islamic State linked fighters who have reportedly been trying to recruit soldiers from the Taliban.”South African police have launched a preliminary investigation into allegations that the country’s football association paid a $10 million bribe to FIFA officials to host the 2010 World Cup. The claim emerged as part of a corruption scandal that engulfed FIFA. South Africa’s Finance Minister Nhlanhla Nene said he had seen no indication of financial wrong doing.“We were very vigorous and then all the available information that we save before those instructions were intensely interrogated and I can attest that none of such evidence eversurfaced in those meetings.”Britain’s Sports Minister John Whittingdale says there’s a strong case for rerunning the bids to host the World Cup in 2018 and 2022 if there’s evidence of corruption. FIFA awarded the tournaments to Russia and Qatar.The Chinese authorities say they are planning to right the cruise ship that overturned in the Yangtze River on Monday. More than 450 people on board, but only 14 are known to have survived. From Jianli on the Yangtze River, John Sudworth reports.“The divers have been battling near 0 visibility and serious risks i n trying to search ship’s 150 compartments. The body recovery work had begun to gather pace after holes were cut into the Eastern Star’s exposed upturned hull allowing workers to enter from above, but it now seems the engineers have decided the best option is to raise the 4-decked cruise ship out of the water. Hooks have been well in the place and the net has been stretched around the entire structure.”Google has apologized to the India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi after his photo appeared in Internet search results for the world’s top ten criminals. Here's Anberison at Rajkot."Google said the way images were described on the Internet could lead to surprising results to specific queries and they were not reflective of the opinions of the company. Google’s apology came after many Indian politicians and commentators expressed concern on social media. Despite the company’s apology, an image search for the world’s top ten criminals still shows pictures of Mr Modi alongside the wanted militants, murders and dictators."马里恩·马歇尔为你播报BBC新闻。
雅思阅读试卷 附完整参考答案
Section I WordsA.Match the words with the same meaning.W rite down the letters on you answer sheet.(1(1’’*6)1.epidermic2.motivate3.assume4.appealing5.controversy 6expertise A.skill or knowledge in a particular areaB.dispute,argumentC.attractiveD.an outbreak of a contagious disease thatspreads rapidly and widelyE.to provide with an incentive;impel. F.to take for granted,supposeB.Fill in the blanks with proper forms of words given in the box,one word can be usedmore than once.(1(1’’*10)evolve prepare propose minimum peer throughcheat weep address exploit except1.Not surprisingly,his was not well received,even though it seemed to agree with the scientific information available at the time..2.The little girl with disappointment when she learned that her favourite Barbie Dolls were sold out.3.The price is her,she refuses to lower it any further.4.Apes,monkeys and many other primates have fairly elaborate systems of calls for communicating with other members of their species.5.Some melodies are quite manipulative,working on our emotions very effectively,and composers have often this to the full.6.I realized I’d been when I saw the painting on sale for half the price I paid for it.7.To this problem,Counter Intelligence built a kitchen of its own and started making gagets to fill it with.8.Most birds don’t have a good sense of smell,but fish-eaters such as petrels and shearwaters are significant.9.Why bother a clear door,when you can put a camera in the oven to broadcast snapshots of the activities in the oven to a screen in another room?10.Exploration will allow us to make suitable for dealing with any dangers that we might face,and we may be able to find physical resources such as minerals.SectionⅡ.TranslationA.Translate the following sentences into English.(3(3’’*5)1.Despite the hardship he encountered,Mark never(放弃对知识的追求)2.由于缺乏对这种病的了解，许多人依然认为HIV受害者都是自作自受。
雅思阅读考试题目和答案
雅思阅读考试题目和答案Passage 1: The History of ChocolateQuestions 1-6: Matching Information1. The origin of chocolate can be traced back to:A. The ancient Aztec civilizationB. The Inca EmpireC. The Mayan civilizationD. The Olmec civilization2. The first written record of chocolate consumption was found in:A. A Mayan codexB. A Roman manuscriptC. A Greek papyrusD. An Egyptian tomb3. Chocolate was initially consumed as:A. A sweet treatB. A hot beverageC. A cold drinkD. A medicinal remedy4. The Spanish introduced chocolate to Europe in the:A. 15th centuryB. 16th centuryC. 17th centuryD. 18th century5. The process of making chocolate involved:A. Grinding cacao beansB. Roasting cacao beansC. Adding sugar to the mixtureD. All of the above6. The Industrial Revolution had a significant impact on:A. The quality of chocolateB. The production of chocolateC. The price of chocolateD. All of the aboveAnswers 1-6: CACDBQuestions 7-10: Multiple Choice7. What was the primary purpose of chocolate in ancient civilizations?A. As a luxury item for the eliteB. As a form of currencyC. As a religious offeringD. As a symbol of power8. How did the Spanish modify the original recipe of chocolate?A. By adding sugar and spicesB. By removing the chili peppersC. By substituting cacao with almondsD. By using milk instead of water9. What was the main challenge faced by early European chocolate makers?A. The high cost of cacao beansB. The lack of skilled laborC. The difficulty in grinding cacao beansD. The absence of a reliable supply chain10. What was the most significant technological advancement in chocolate production during the Industrial Revolution?A. The invention of the steam engineB. The development of the conching processC. The introduction of the hydraulic pressD. The use of the continuous conching machineAnswers 7-10: CADBPassage 2: The Impact of Social Media on Mental HealthQuestions 11-14: Sentence Completion11. Social media platforms can have both positive and negative effects on users' mental health, with some studies suggesting that excessive use can lead to _______.A. increased self-esteemB. decreased self-esteemC. improved social skillsD. enhanced creativity12. The comparison of oneself to others on social media can result in _______.A. a sense of accomplishmentB. a sense of belongingC. a sense of inadequacyD. a sense of superiority13. According to the article, one way to mitigate the negative effects of social media is to _______.A. limit the time spent on social mediaB. increase the frequency of postingC. follow more influential accountsD. share only positive experiences14. The article suggests that social media can be a useful tool for _______.A. self-promotionB. self-reflectionC. self-isolationD. self-destructionAnswers 11-14: BCADQuestions 15-20: True/False/Not Given15. Social media has no positive effects on mental health.True/False/Not Given16. The article claims that all social media users experience negative mental health outcomes.True/False/Not Given17. Limiting social media use can improve mental well-being.True/False/Not Given18. The article states that social media is solely responsible for mental health issues.True/False/Not Given19. The article mentions that social media can be a platform for self-expression.True/False/Not Given20. The article suggests that social media can exacerbate existing mental health conditions.True/False/Not GivenAnswers 15-20: False/False/True/False/True/TruePassage 3: Renewable Energy and the EnvironmentQuestions 21-26: Headings21. Paragraph A: The current state of renewable energy sourcesA. iB. iiC. iiiD. iv22. Paragraph B: The environmental benefits of renewable energyA. iB. iiC. iiiD. iv23. Paragraph C: The challenges faced by renewable energy technologiesA. iB. iiD. iv24. Paragraph D: The role of government policies in promoting renewable energyA. iB. iiC. iiiD. iv25. Paragraph E: The future prospects of renewable energyA. iB. iiC. iiiD. iv26. Paragraph F: The economic impact of renewable energy on societyA. iC. iiiD. ivAnswers 21-26: B/C/D/A/E/FQuestions 27-30: SummaryComplete the summary using the information from the passage.Renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, have become increasingly popular due to their potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change. However, the transition to renewable energy is not without its challenges, including the intermittent nature of some energy sources and the need for significant infrastructure investment. Governments play a crucial role in supporting the development of renewable energy through policies and incentives, which can help to overcome these obstacles. The future of renewable energy looks promising, with advancements in technology and a growing global commitment to sustainability. This shift towards cleaner energy sources is expected to have a positive economic impact, creating new jobs and stimulating economic growth.Answers 27-30: solar, wind power, greenhouse gas emissions, climate change, intermittent, infrastructure investment, policies, incentives, technology, sustainability, jobs, economic growth.。
雅思考试历年真题和答案
雅思考试历年真题和答案一、听力部分1. 听力场景：图书馆借书问题：What is the man's purpose for visiting the library?答案：To borrow a book on photography.2. 听力场景：旅游咨询问题：What is the woman's main concern about the tour?答案：The cost of the tour.3. 听力场景：学术讨论问题：What does the woman suggest about the research topic?答案：It needs more specific examples.4. 听力场景：工作面试问题：What is the man's previous work experience?答案：He worked as a sales assistant in a supermarket.5. 听力场景：健康咨询问题：What does the doctor advise the woman to do?答案：To reduce her stress and do more exercise.二、阅读部分1. 阅读文章：The Impact of Technology on Education问题：What is the main argument of the article?答案：Technology has significantly improved the quality of education.2. 阅读文章：The History of Coffee问题：In which country was coffee first discovered?答案：Ethiopia.3. 阅读文章：The Effects of Climate Change on Wildlife问题：What is the primary cause of climate change mentioned in the article?答案：The burning of fossil fuels.4. 阅读文章：The Benefits of Bilingualism问题：What cognitive benefits does bilingualism offer?答案：Enhanced problem-solving skills and better multitasking abilities.5. 阅读文章：The Evolution of Urban Planning问题：What was the main focus of urban planning in the 20th century?答案：Sustainable development and environmental concerns.三、写作部分1. 写作任务：Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of living in a city.参考范文：Living in a city has its own set of advantages and disadvantages. On the positive side, cities offer a wide range of job opportunities and better access to education and healthcare. However, the downside includes high living costs, pollution, and overcrowding.2. 写作任务：To what extent do you agree or disagree with the statement that advertising aimed at children should be banned?参考范文：I strongly agree that advertising aimed at children should be banned. This is because children are not capable of distinguishing between what is good for them and what is not, leading to unhealthy consumption habits. Moreover, it can put undue pressure on children to conform to societal standards.3. 写作任务：Discuss how social media has changed the way people communicate.参考范文：Social media has revolutionized the way people communicate by making it faster and more accessible. It has allowed people to stay connected with friends and family across the globe, but it has also led to a decrease in face-to-face interactions and an increase in the spread of misinformation.四、口语部分1. 口语话题：Describe a book you read that was particularly interesting.参考答案：I recently read a book called "Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind" by Yuval Noah Harari. It was particularly interesting because it provided a comprehensive overview of the history of our species, from the emergence of Homo sapiens in Africa to the present day. The author's unique perspective on the development of human societies and the role of technology in shaping our world was truly enlightening.2. 口语话题：Talk about a time when you had to solve a problem quickly.参考答案：Once, I had to solve a problem quickly when I was organizing a charity event. The venue we had booked suddenly became unavailable due to a fire incident. I had to find an alternative location within a day.I contacted several places, negotiated with them, and finally managedto secure a suitable venue. It was a stressful experience, but I learnedthe importance of being resourceful and adaptable.3. 口语话题：Describe a person who has had a significant influence on you.参考答案：A person who has had a significant influence on me is my high school English teacher, Ms. Lee. She was not only an excellent educator but also a great mentor. She encouraged me to read widelyand to express my thoughts clearly. Her passion for teaching and her dedication to her students inspired me to pursue a career in education.请注意，以上提供的真题和答案仅供参考，实际雅思考试的题目和答案可能会有所不同。
剑桥雅思9真题及解析Test1阅读
剑桥雅思9阅读真题答案：Question 1—7：F、NG、F、T、NG、T、NGQuestion 8—13：(the rich、commercial、mauve、(RobertPullar、France、malariaPassage1整体分析裁材说明文题材人物介绍主题介绍合成染料发明人威廉·亨利·珀金以及合成染料的发现过程段落概括第一段珀金的生平以及兴趣介绍第二段 15岁时进入皇家化学学院学习第三段成为德国知名化学家霍夫曼最年轻的助手第四段承担起寻找奎宁替代品的实验第五段在实验中获得意外收获第六段传统的天然染料存在的弊端第七段意外获得可以染色的合成染料第八段合成染料的命名以及前期的商业筹备第九段合成染料取得了商业上的成功第十段合成染料的价值及其对其他领域的贡献雅思阅读重点词汇第一段第六段curiosity n. 好奇心，求知欲prompt v. 促进;激起stumble upon 偶然发现enthusiasm n. 热情，激情historically adv. 从历史角度；在历史上dye n. 染料，染色 v. 给……染色outrageously adv. 非常，不寻常地fade v. 褪色，失去光泽backdrop n. 背景第二段immerse v. 沉迷，陷入perceive v. 意识到，察觉devotion n. 献身;热爱;忠诚eminent adj. 知名的，杰出的第七段grasp v. 了解，明白，抓住fabric n. 织物，布fascinating adj. 迷人的，有巨大吸引力的第三段enrolment n. 登记;注册fortune n. 财富，命运，幸运breakthrough n. 突破;穿透第八段originally adv. 起初，原来，别出心裁地assure v. （使）确信fierce adj. 强烈的；激烈的第四段viable adj. 切实可行的，有望实现的derive from 从……提取synthetic adj. 合成的，人造的第九段utilise v. 利用，使用flatter v. （使）满意，（使）高兴surpass v. 超过，胜过substitute ['snbstitju.t] n. 替代品v. 替代，替换第五段attempt v. 试图，尝试readily adv. 随意地，便利地unexpected adj. 意想不到的，意外的manufacture v. 制造；生产potential n. 潜能，可能性；a. 潜在的，有可能的第十段decorative adj. 装饰的考题精解Question 1——7题型：判断题 TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN解析：判断题一般都是按照其在原文中出现的顺序排列，确定了第一个题目对应原文中的具体位置，即可向后直接寻找其他题目的答案。