英语四级考试完整模拟真题及答案
大学英语四级模拟试卷328(题后含答案及解析)
大学英语四级模拟试卷328(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Writing 2. Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) 3. Listening Comprehension 4. Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) 5. Cloze 6. Error Correction 8. TranslationPart I Writing (30 minutes)1．For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition in three paragraphs. Three outlines are given to you and you are required to write a composition titled Living in a Big City with no less than 120 words. Remember to keep to the following Chinese outlines. 1. 成千上万的人涌入城市，特别是大城市。
2．我喜欢居住在生活方便的大城市里。
3．然而大城市正面临许多问题，其中最大的是……正确答案：Living in a Big City Hundreds of people rush into cities, especially big cities. They come for better education and better jobs, for commerce and trade, for information about the latest developments in science and technology, and for better medical care. I enjoy living in a big city where life is convenient. Fast public transport, a wide variety of goods to choose from, all the latest modern conveniences, plenty of public places for enjoyment, and, above all, the perfect health care system make you live in great comfort. However, big cities are confronted with many problems, the biggest of all being the ever-increasing population flow toward the city, which results in crowded stinking buses, traffic jams, traffic accidents, poor housing conditions, etc. Noise and pollution, mostly from factories and cars, are two more serious problems, which damage people’s health.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark：Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.Music Made Easy “Sampling”old songs to create new hits made Puff Daddy a star. Now the revolution is coming to desktop. Ever dreamed of becoming a pop star? One of the best things about the PC revolution is that it enables amateurs to do creative work that looks professional. Thousands of people have used programs like Paintshop Pro, Adobe Premiere and Microsoft Publisher to retouch (润饰) photos, edit footage and lay out slick newsletters. But what about music? If you can’t play an instrument or carry a tune, no computer in the world can make you sound like Christina Aguilera. That is about to change, thanks to a small New York City start-up called MusicHall 2000. Instead of launching yet another websitewhere people can download MP3s, this company plans to do something much cooler: give away software that turns ordinary music lovers into composers by letting them create their own songs using prerecorded musical snippets or pieces of existing pop songs--called “samples.”“You can envelop people in your sound without going through the torture of training,” says MusicHall president David Danon, 24. “Plus you can record your own music without spending hundreds of dollars on a studio,” adds Adam Strauss, 25, the company’s chief operating officer, “We saw a way to turn consumers into producers.”Making songs with MusicHall is a lot like layering a cake: you can put down a bass line, add drums and some guitar licks (小过门), then top it off with a horn riff (即兴重复段)--it’s all up to you. Within an hour of experimentation we created a song that sounded a lot like the thumping dance music of a club. It’s intuitive (直觉的) enough for the average computer user to fool around with, yet powerful enough to make a professionalsounding CD, and MusicHall believes that it will appeal to both complete novices and trained musicians. That’s why it’s integrating (使结合) the software with the Internet so people can easily exchange their work with other wanna-be composers or distribute it to potential fans. There are two parts of MusicHall 2000: the software and the website. The CD-ROM contains the Virtual Studio program (it consists of a pair of music editors from Sonic Foundry, Acid DJ2.0 and Sound Forge 4.5) and a library of samples. As you arrange your samples, you can add effects like reverb (混响装置), raise or lower the tempo (拍子), or even run the sample backwards. With additional equipment, you can record your own vocals (声乐作品) or instrumentals and throw them into the mix. That’s all a lot of fun, but it’s when you connect to the website that MusicHall shows its potential. Once you’ve exhausted the samples included on the CD, you’11 be able to download new ones from the website. Using the on-screen world map, you can grab an Indian sitar or Congolese drumbeats. Some samples will be free; others will cost a small sum; the company is recruiting brand-name producers to contribute some of their hottest beats in exchange for a cut of the revenue (税收). The site is divided into several sections: the Audio Graffiti hall contains members’ home pages, where people can post their own samples and songs for others to download; the Star Tracks hall hosts a weekly battle of MusicHall’s virtuosos (名师). An instant messenger will let people exchange samples and songs in real time. MP3. com meets eBay by way of RealNetworks--a cleverly cobble-together (拼凑) project, to be sure. But it works--and the ease of stringing together tunes of your own is highly addictive. There are signs that audiences might be receptive to this: Fueled by the rise of hip-hop (the popular street culture of big-city and especially inner-city youth, characterized by graffiti art, break dancing, and rap music) and electronics, DJ/producers like Dr. Dre, RZA, Roni Size and Fatboy Slim have stepped from behind the mixing boards and into the spotlight (聚光灯). Wielding their turntables and samplers as brashly as Louis Armstrong did his trumpet, they chop up popular and obscure songs alike into snippets, then reassemble them into platinum hits. And they can succeed by bringing the music of the moment together with emerging power of the Net. The software will become available at in early November, and the company’s three founders, Douglas Price, 22, Strauss and Danon, have some ambitious plans for taking their ideato the people, including free distribution to colleges and K-through-12 schools. They’ve shown MusicHall to only a handful of people in the industry, including artists like RZA and GZA of the group Wu-Tang Clan. But the response has been encouraging. Alex Aquino, the creator of the two year-old website hip-hop. com, says, “This is exactly what hip-hop needs. Instead of kids’thinking they have to have a $ 50,000 studio, all they need is a computer with a good sound card. That’s less than a thousand dollars.”But Josh Gabriel, whose two-year-old Mixman Studio software faces new competition from the more robust (精力充沛的) MusicHall, questions whether selling samples to nonprofessionals is a viable (可行的) business. “It’s hard, and no one’s been successful at it yet.”Not everyone is thrilled (使激动) at the prospect of more kids’ getting turned onto sampling instead of more traditional forms of music. “The 10 brightest people who still don’t have the level of intelligence as I do,”says jazz critic and purist Stanley Crouch. He acknowledges that their work is sophisticated, but adds “the fact that it’s hard to do doesn’t make it of value.” Still, this is clearly the future; as old school hip-hoppers would say, you can’t stop the bum-rush. Just as the sampler let producers mine old songs for new hits--that’s the basis of Sean (Puffy) Combs’s career--MusicHall 2000 and its sure- to follow competitors are taking that musical revolution to the masses. So forget turntables’being the instrument of the future: as software like this takes off, it’s all about the laptop, baby.2．MusicHall 2000 launched another website where people can download music.A．YB．NC．NG正确答案：A3．Ordinary music lovers can record their own songs without spending hundreds of dollars on a studio.A．YB．NC．NG正确答案：A4．MusicHall 2000 believes that both beginners and trained musicians will be interested in the software.A．YB．NC．NG正确答案：B5．MusicHall 2000 has helped many singers become superstars.A．YB．NC．NG正确答案：B6．In the Star Tracks section of the website, people can post their own samples and songs for others to download.A．YB．NC．NG正确答案：A7．MusicHall 2000 will sell their samples mainly to nonprofessionals.A．YB．NC．NG正确答案：B8．Jazz critic and purist Stanley Crouch doesn’t believe in the software of MusicHall 2000.A．YB．NC．NG正确答案：C9．Making songs with MusieHall is a lot like ______.正确答案：layering a cake10．There are two parts of MusicHall 2000: the software and ______.正确答案：the website11．MusicHall’s founders believe they can succeed by bringing the music of the moment together with ______.正确答案：emerging power of the NetPart III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.听力原文：M: Excuse me, I’m looking for the textbook by Professor Jordan for the marketing course.W: I’m afraid it’s out of stock. You’ll have to order it. And it will take the publisher three weeks to send it to us.Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?12．A．At a publishing house.B．At a bookstore.C．In a reading room.D．In Prof. Jordan’s office.正确答案：B听力原文：W: I don’t want my son to attend school, so I’ll keep him home with me.M: I’m sorry but the law requires that your child attend school until he is at least 16 years old.Q: Why must the child attend school?13．A．It is good for the child.B．The man says he should.C．The law requires it.D．His mother wants him to.正确答案：C听力原文：W: John, how are you? I heard you were sick.M: You must have confused me with somebody else. I’ve never felt better.Q: How does John feel?14．A．Better.B．Sick.C．Fine.D．Tired.正确答案：C听力原文：M: So, when are the other guys going to get here? The train is leaving in ten minutes. We can’t wait here forever.W: It’s ten thirty already. They aresupposed to be here by now. I told everybody to meet here by ten fifteen.Q: When is the train leaving?15．A．At 10:30.B．At 10:25.C．At 10:40.D．At 10:45.正确答案：C听力原文：W: Have you finished reading my research paper? I put it on your desk last week.M: Yes. But you have to revise some parts of it, I’m afraid, if you want to get it published.Q: What does the man suggest that the woman should do?16．A．Put her report on his desk.B．Read some papers he recommended.C．Improve some parts of her paper.D．Mail her paper to the publisher.正确答案：C听力原文：M: How did your talk with Henry go?W: It’d never really got off the ground.Q: What does the woman mean?17．A．They didn’t have a talk.B．They talked about the facts.C．They went by plane.D．They couldn’t lake a walk.正确答案：A听力原文：W: I just can’t believe this is our last year. College is going by fast.M: Yeah, we’ll have to face the real world soon. So have you figured about what you are going to do after you graduate?Q: What do we learn from the conversation?18．A．The two speakers are at a loss about what to do.B．The man is worried about his future.C．The two speakers are seniors at college.D．The woman regrets spending her time idly.正确答案：C听力原文：M: Do you mind if I take off my shoes? My feet are killing me.W: As a matter of fact, we don’t have enough slippers.Q: What does the woman mean?A．Slippers are not big enough for the man.B．The man has to buy a pair of slippers.C．She does not want the man to take off his shoes.D．She’ll buy a pair of slippers for the man.正确答案：C听力原文：M: Excuse me, are you waiting for buying the concert ticket?W: Yes, I am. So are all these people in front of me.M: How long have you been here?W: About 50 minutes. I’ve hardly moved forward in that time.M: Are you kidding?W: Not at all. There was a couple up ahead of me who got so fed up that they finally gave up and left. They said they’d been here for more than an hour.M: My God. Does anyone know what’s causing the delay?W: It could be that there aren’t enough people selling tickets this afternoon. Or maybe their computer breaks down.M: I just hope they don’t nm out of tickets when I get up there.W: That really would be annoying, wouldn’t it?M: I guess I should have come before lunch. Or has it been like this all day?W: Obviously it has. In fact, before I came, I tried calling to order my tickets over the phone, just to avoid this long wait, but they don’t take phone orders, or cheeks, or credit cards. It’s cash or nothing. And you have to come in person.M: Well, there are two more hours before the ticket office closes. Tickets to a good concert are worth waiting for. So I think I’ll just make myself comfortable.20．A．Mid-afternoon.B．Before breakfast.C．Late evening.D．Late morning.正确答案：A解析：文中没有具体提到时间，但对话中女子猜测下午卖票的人不多，男子说离售票处关门还有两个小时，由此推断出对话发生在下午。
大学英语四级模拟试卷944(题后含答案及解析)
大学英语四级模拟试卷944(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Writing 2. Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) 3. Listening Comprehension 4. Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) 5. Cloze 7. V ocabulary and Grammar 8. TranslationPart I Writing (30 minutes)1．1．询问关于展览内容等的信息2．开闭馆时间3．是否有折扣(discount)正确答案：Dear Sir or Madam, I am organizing a group of students to pay a visit to the historical exhibition in your town. Therefore, I would be grateful if you could supply me with the following information. First of all, I want to know what is the size of the exhibition, what is its theme and what objects are on display. Secondly, what are the dates between which the exhibition will be held, and what are the daily opening hours? Thirdly, are there any other activities being held in connection with the exhibition? I must point out that I hope to bring over students to the exhibition. So I would like to inquire if there is any discount available on entrance tickets for students. I look forward to your reply. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 涉及知识点：写作Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark：Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.The Flying Phone Box A surprise for air travelers The strides made in satellite-communications technology in recent years are at last yielding benefits for air travelers, particularly executives who need to keep in touch with their offices. Five airlines—three of them based in the Asia-Pacific region—have recently equipped aircraft to offer outbound (向外的)telephone calls to anywhere in the world using a new satellite system. And in the not-too-distant future, businessmen will be able to send faxes in flight, too. Air Canada, Qantas of Australia, United Airlines of the US and Japan Air Lines have at least one satellite-communication aircraft apiece. Hong Kong’s Cathay Pacific Airways is also about to offer the service and several other airlines are expected to follow. The calls, dialed directly and charged to a credit card, will cost about US $ 9 ～10 per minute. The earlier flying phones Phone communications from aircraft are not entirely new. For some time, telephones have been available to passengers on US internal flights, for example, and on private jets. But these systems have used cellular phones operating on very high frequency radio links. These systems—the same links that keep pilots in touch withflight controllers—have either limited range or low quality and reliability, particularly over vast oceans such as the Pacific. By contrast, the new satellite service will provide clear links instantly to destinations around the world. Technological obstacles Several technological problems had to be resolved before the service could be introduced. One was to define an effective technical standard, Airinc 741, that guarantees compatibility among different manufacturers’ avionics systems—essential if the service was to be truly global. Another was to make reliable antennas(天线) small enough and light enough to mount on aircraft of different types. And a third was to perfect voice-coding algorithms(规则系统), which tell machinery how to break down voice signals into digital signals for transmission at the standard rate of 9,600 bits a second. A further drawback, for any type of call routed by satellite, is an uncomfortable time lag between words being spoken and received. Because of the distance that signals have to travel, there is a delay of about a quarter of a second. With airborne calls, there is the potential for a double delay as signals arriving via satellite at a ground station are passed on via another satellite to their destination. To avoid this problem, ground stations have been equipped to identify calls from aircraft and route them to coaxial or fibre-optic cables for the second lag of their journey. Surface links, though long, are still considerably shorter than the 72,000-km round-trip into space. Most calls will therefore not suffer the double delay. The International Maritime Satellite Organization (Inmarsat) approved the initial sitcom system for commercial service last November ‘after two years of trials. Besides the handful of aircraft operated by the five major carriers who have signed on to the system, about two dozen company jets have fitted with the necessary equipment.A new technology The technology has three components: antennas and associated equipment on board planes, communications satellites, and ground stations. In the course of development, antennas have lust both their dish shape and several kilograms. Even so, antenna and avionics weigh as much as two occupied scats. One obstacle to further weight savings, however, is that lighter antennas are more easily confused by the plethora(过多) of satellites now circling the Earth. The satellites themselves are provided by Inmarsat, a London-based cooperative of 64 nations. One operational satellite and several ‘back-ups cover each of three zones the Atlantic Ocean (East), the Pacific, and the Indian Ocean. A fourth zone, Atlantic Ocean (West), will go into action later this year. Ground stations Three consortiums(国际财团) are competing for airlines’ business by setting up ground stations to accept calls bounced off Inmarsat satellites and channel them into telephone networks. Skyphone, comprising British Telecom International, Norwegian Telecom and Singapore Telecom, has worldwide coverage through stations at Goonhilly, England; Elk, Norway; and Singapore. US satellite corporation Comsat has joined up with Japan’s international operator, KDD, with ground stations in Yamaguchi, Japan, and Southbury and Santa Paula, on the US East and West Coasts. In addition, the Societe Internationale de Telecommunications Aeronautique, a cooperative owned by airlines, has combined with Teleglobe Canada; France Telecom and OTC of Australia to create Satellite Aircom, with ground stations in Perth, Australia; Aussaguel, France; Weir, Canada; and Niles Canyon, US. Advantages and prospects Accordingto Hans Karisen, Inmarsat’s marketing manager for aeronautical (航空的) services, the prospects for aircraft-satellite communications look particularly bright in the booming Asia-Pacific air travel market. Around the region, aircraft are flying full and carriers are better able to afford the roughly US $ 500,000 Cost of equipping each airliner. But many carriers will order the equipment only for new aircraft rather than take existing ones out of service for lengthy modifications. Satellite communications will also help improve flight efficiency. A system of voice and data links is already operating between aircraft and their operations centres which, for example, enables crews to obtain permission to change altitudes at the optimum time for fuel efficiency. Crews can also call ahead for maintenance; an aircraft with a vibrating engine, for example, can be met on arrival by engineers who have already obtained computerized data on its behaviour. These communications, however, like most existing airborne telephones, mostly use radio links; in the future they, too, will be transferred to the satellite system. The instant nature of the air-to-ground communications will also improve navigation, by allowing continuous reporting of aircraft positions. Indeed, a study by the International Civil Aviation Organization indicates that the technology could provide benefits worth between US $ 5 ～6 billion annually in fuel efficiency, faster repair turn-arounds and improved traffic flows through airports. For the fidgety (坐立不安的) executive, meanwhile, air travel need no longer mean a communications black-out. And some airlines are already developing data terminals that will permit passengers to change hotel and car-hire reservations, or contact their banks and brokers.2．It is the progresses in satellite-communications technology that make it possible for air travelers to make calls while flying.A．YB．NC．NG正确答案：A3．Five airlines have already equipped with the new flying phones to offer free service to travelers.A．YB．NC．NG正确答案：B4．Compared with the former phone communications from aircraft, the new systems will provide clearer and more instant call service.A．YB．NC．NG正确答案：A5．Some new technological problems in the introduction of the new systems will occur in the future.A．YB．NC．NG正确答案：C6．Ground stations have been set up in order to avoid the problem of double time lag.A．YB．NC．NG正确答案：A7．Antennas in the new systems have only changed in weight, and they are becoming lighter and lighter.A．YB．NC．NG正确答案：B8．By now four communications zones for aircraft have gone into action, each of which is covered by one operational satellite and several back-ups.A．YB．NC．NG正确答案：B9．Many airlines prefer to ______ rather than take long time to modify the existing aircrafts.正确答案：order the equipment only for new aircraft10．Besides offering the communication service to the passengers, this new system will also improve ______.正确答案：flight efficiency and navigation11．For a restless executive, air travel used to mean ______.正确答案：a communications black-outPart III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.听力原文：W: I hope you like the novel I lent you. I wasn’t sure whether it was the kind of book you would be interested in.M: You know, I had the same doubt at first. But once I started I simply couldn’t put it down.Q: What does the man mean?12．A．He enjoyed reading the novel.B．He hasn’t started reading the novel yet.C．He doubts the woman will like the novel.D．He’ll lend the woman the novel after he has read it.正确答案：A解析：对话中男士提到once I started I simply couldn’t put it down(我一开始读就爱不释手了)，[A]对应男士所说的话，故为答案。
英语四级考试题模拟及答案
英语四级考试题模拟及答案英语四级考试是许多大学生必须通过的一项考试，它是考察英语能力的重要指标之一。
为了帮助考生更好地备考，以下是一份英语四级考试题目模拟及答案，供参考学习。
一、听力部分1. What does the woman advise the man to do?A. Change his major.B. Study harder.C. Take fewer courses.D. Drop the course.2. What does the woman think of their food?A. Delicious.B. Too salty.C. Overpriced.D. Terrible.3. Where is the man planning to go?A. To the library.B. To the bookstore.C. To the office.D. To the cafeteria.答案：1. B. Study harder.2. A. Delicious.3. B. To the bookstore.二、阅读部分Questions 4 to 6 are based on the following passage:Most experts agree countries need to start seriously slashing greenhouse gas emissions.. and that we can continue emitting greenhouse gases for only another 10 to 15 years before crossing a threshold into a more extreme climate.4. What do most experts agree on?A. Greenhouse gas emissions need to be increased.B. Greenhouse gas emissions need to be seriously reduced.C. Greenhouse gas emissions have no impact on the climate.D. Greenhouse gas emissions can continue as they are.5. How many years do most experts believe we have before crossing a threshold into a more extreme climate?A. 5 to 10 years.B. 10 to 15 years.C. 15 to 20 years.D. 20 to 25 years.6. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Countries should ignore greenhouse gas emissions.B. Countries have plenty of time to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.C. Countries must act now to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.D. Countries will not be affected by greenhouse gas emissions.答案：4. B. Greenhouse gas emissions need to be seriously reduced.5. B. 10 to 15 years.6. C. Countries must act now to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.三、写作部分请根据以下题目写一篇短文：题目：Does social media have a positive or negative impact on society?参考范文：Social media has become an indispensable part of our lives, with millions of people using platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram on a daily basis. While social media has its benefits, such as connecting people from all around the world and providing a platform for sharing information and ideas, it also has negative impacts on society.One of the positive aspects of social media is its ability to bring people together. It allows individuals to stay in touch with friends and family, no matter where they are located. Social media also provides a platform for sharing news and information quickly and easily, which can be beneficial in emergency situations.However, social media also has negative impacts on society. One of the biggest concerns is the spread of fake news and misinformation. With the rise of social media, it has become increasingly difficult to distinguish between reliable sources and fake news. This can lead to a misinformed public and have serious consequences for society.Furthermore, social media can have a negative impact on mental health. Studies have shown that excessive use of social media can lead to feelings of loneliness, anxiety, and depression. The constant comparison to others on social media can also lead to low self-esteem and self-worth.In conclusion, while social media has its benefits, such as connecting people and sharing information, it also has negative impacts on society, such as the spread of fake news and negative effects on mental health. It is important for individuals to use social media responsibly and critically evaluate the information they see online.以上是一份英语四级考试题目模拟及答案，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
2023年12月英语四级考试模拟题及答案
Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled “How to Conduct Patriotic Education Among the Youth of Today”. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 我国爱国主义教育旳现实状况;2. 爱国主义教育旳重要意义;3. 怎样在青少年中开展爱国主义教育?Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Work-life balance: Ways to restore harmony and reduce stressFinding work-life balance in today’s frenetically (疯狂) paced world is no simple task.Spend more time at work than at home, and you miss out on a rewarding personal life. Then again, when you face challenges in your personal life, such as caring for an aging parent or coping with marital problems, concentrating on your job can be difficult.Whether the problem is too much focus on work or too little, when your work life andyour personal life feel out of balance, stress — along with its harmful effects — is the result.The good news is that you can take control of your work-life balance — and giveyourself the time to do the things that are most important to you. The first step is to recognize how the world of work has changed. Then you can evaluate your relationship to work and apply some specific strategies for striking a healthier balance.How work invades your personal lifeThere was a time when employees showed up for work Monday through Friday and workedeight- to nine-hour days. The boundaries between work and home were fairly clear then. But the world has changed and, unfortunately, the boundaries have blurred for many workers. Here’s why:●Global economy. As more skilled workers enter the global labor market and companies outsource or move more jobs to reduce labor costs, people feel pressured to work longer and produce more just to protect their jobs.●International business. Work continues around the world 24 hours a day for some people. If you work in an international organization, you might be on call around the clock for troubleshooting or consulting.●Advanced communication technology. Many people now have the ability to work anywhere — from their home, from their car and even on vacation. And some managers expect this.●Longer hours. Employers commonly ask employees to work longer hours than they’re scheduled. Often, overtime is mandatory (强制性旳). If you hope to move up the career ladder, you may find yourself regularly working more than 40 hours a week to achieve and exceed expectations.●Changes in family roles. Today’s marrie d worker is typically part of a dual-career couple, which makes it difficult to find time to meet commitments to family, friends and community.Married to your workIt can be tempting to rack up the hours at work —especially if you’re trying to earna promotion or some extra money for a child’s education or a dream vacation. For others, working more hours feels necessary in order to manage the workload.But if you’re spending most of your time at work, your home life will likely pay the price. Consider the pros and cons of working extra hours on your work-life balance:●Fatigue. Your ability to think and your eye-hand coordination decrease when you’re tired. This means you’re less productive and may make more mistakes. These mistakes canlead to injury or rework and negatively impact your professional reputation.●Family. You may miss out on important events, such as your child’s first bike ride, your father’s 60th birthday or your high-school reunion. Missing out on important milestones may harm relationships with your loved ones.●Friends. Trusted friends are a key part of your support system. But if you’re spending time at the office instead of with them, you’ll find it difficult to nurture those friendships.●Expectations. If you regularly wo rk extra hours, you may be given more responsibility. This could create a never-ending and increasing cycle, causing more concerns and challenges.Sometimes working overtime is important. If you work for a company that requires mandatory overtime, you wo n’t be able to avoid it, but you can learn to manage it. Most importantly, say no when you’re too tired, when it’s affecting your health or when you have crucial family obligations.Striking the best work-life balanceFor most people, juggling (巧妙处理) the demands of career and personal life is an ongoing challenge. With so many demands on your time — from overtime to family obligations — it can feel difficult to strike this balance. The goal is to make time for the activities that are the most important to you.Here are some ideas to help you find the balance that’s best for you:●Learn to say no. Whether it’s a co-worker asking you to spearhead (充当先锋) an extra project or your child’s teacher asking you to manage the class play, remember that it’s OK to respectfully say no. When you quit doing the things you only do out of guilt or a false sense of obligation, you’ll make more room in your life for the activities that are meaningful to you and bring you joy.●Leave work at work. Make a conscious deci sion to separate work time from personal time. When with your family, for instance, turn off your cell phone and put away your laptop computer.●Manage your time. Organize household tasks efficiently. Do one or two loads of laundry every day, rather than saving it all for your day off. A weekly family calendar of important dates and a daily list of to-dos will help you avoid deadline panic. If your employer offersa course in time management, sign up for it.●Get enough sleep. There’s nothing as stressful and potentially dangerous as working when you’re sleep-deprived. Not only is your productivity affected, but also you can make costly mistakes. You may then have to work even more hours to make up for these mistakes.●Communicate clearly. Limit time-consuming misunderstandings by communicating clearly and listening carefully. Take notes if necessary.●Nurture yourself. Set aside time each day for an activity that you enjoy, such as walking, working out or listening to music.●Set aside one night each week for recreation. Take the phone off the hook, power down the computer and turn off the TV. Discover activities you can do with your partner, family or friends, such as playing golf, fishing or canoeing. Making time for activities you enjoy will rejuvenate (使年轻) you.Remember, striking a work-life balance isn’t a one-shot deal. Creating balance in your life is a continuous process. Balance doesn’t mean doing everything. Examine yourpriorities and set boundaries. Be firm in what you can and cannot do. Only you can restore harmony to your lifestyle.1. What will happen if your work life and personal life feel out of balance?A) You will have little time to finish your work.B) You may feel stress, which will affect you negatively.C) You will have a lot of time to share with your family.D) You will never balance the combination of life and work.2. The boundaries between work and home have blurred for the following reasons, EXCEPT _______.A) global economy B) changes in family rolesC) advanced communication technology D) high divorce rate3. What will happen if you’re spending most of your time at work?A) You will lose both health and wealth. B) You will be hated by your loved ones.C) You will lose all your friends. D) You may be given more responsibility.4. According to the passage, you’d better say no to mandatory overtime when_______________.A) you get bored with the work B) you are not interested in the workC) you can’t get additional allowance D) you have crucial fa mily obligations5. What does the underlined sentence mean?A) You should do the things people ask you to do without feeling guilty.B) You shouldn’t do the things people ask you to do if you don’t want to.C) To do things people ask you to do can bring you a lot of joy.D) To do things for yourself is more meaningful than to do things for others.6. What will NOT happen if you don’t get enough sleep?A) You will feel stressed while working. B) You will have no sense of exhaustion.C) You can make costly mistakes. D) You will have low productivity.7. What does the real balance mean according to the author?A) Examining priorities and deciding what is the most important to you.B) Doing everything you want to do whether you can do it or not.C) Saying yes to everybody in order to maintain good relationships.D) Being firm that working overtime will strike a work-life balance.8. Spend more time at work than at home, and you won’t have enough time to enjoy your _______________.9. You have slow responses and your eye-hand coordination decreases when you’re________.10. You can save a lot of time and avoid misunderstandings if you communicate clearly and____________.Part III Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)■ Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 11 to 20 are based on the following passage.Major retailers and car manufacturers have slashed (削减) their marketing budgets in the six months to October, 2023, as the financial crisis has taken its toll, while supermarkets have 11 advertising spending in a battle to prove that they offer the most 12 prices.According to new research undertaken for The Daily Telegraph by Nielsen Media Research, in the six months to September 30, 2023, Marks & Spencer’s advertising spend fell 20.3pc to ￡25.3m, 13 with the same period in 2023.While the retailer has spent heavily on a campaign 14 celebrities in the past two years, it is understood to be cutting back on celebrity spending in 2023. The retailer is, however, still the UK’s 25th largest spender on advertising,15 being at 17th place in the six months to September 30, 2023.Car manufacturers have also significantly 16 back on marketing spending, believed to be a result of the financial crisis. According to Nielsen, Ford spent ￡26.6m in the six months to September 30, 2023, down 21pc from the same period last year. Vauxhall also 17 spending by 15.6pc in the period to ￡26.5m.For supermarkets, however, a significant increase in advertising spending, it appears,is a 18 as they seek to woo (追求) increasingly price- 19 customers. The leading supermarkets have 20 an aggressive price war in the past six months as consumers have been faced with news of higher food prices.A) conscientious I) necessityB) conscious J) contributionC) against K) reducedD) despite L) moreoverE) comparing M) scaledF) compared N) competitiveG) launched O) featuringH) boosted■ Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.There are more than 2,000 different kinds of mosquitoes. Female mosquitoes bite people to drink their blood. Male mosquitoes do not drink blood. They drink fluids from plants. Thefemale mosquito uses its thin sucking tube to break the skin, find blood and inject the victim with a substance that keeps blood flowing.The female mosquito drinks the blood and uses it to produce as many as 250 eggs. The insect leaves the eggs in any standing water.The eggs produce worm-like creatures called larvae (幼虫) in two days to a few months. However, some eggs can stay in water for years until conditions are right for development. The larvae feed on organisms in the water. After four to ten days, they change again, into creatures called pupas (蛹). The pupas rise to the surface of the water. Adult mosquitoes pull themselves out of the pupas and fly away.The World Health Organization (WHO) says mosquitoes carry organisms that cause disease and death for millions of people throughout the world. The most important disease spread by mosquitoes is malaria (疟疾). The WHO says 247 million people became infected with malaria in 2023. Malaria caused almost one million deaths, mostly among children in Africa. The disease is found in more than one hundred countries in Africa, Asia, the western Pacific Ocean, the Middle East and Central and South America.Malaria parasites (寄生虫) enter a person’s blood through a mosquito bite. These organisms travel to the liver. They grow and divide there. After a week or two, the parasites invade red blood cells and reproduce thousands of times. They cause the person’s body temperature to rise. They also may destroy major organs. People with malaria may suffer kidney failure or loss of red blood cells.Some medicines are generally effective in preventing and treating malaria. They are designed to prevent the parasites from developing in the body. People die from malaria because they are not treated for the disease or the treatment is delayed.21. According to the passage, we can infer that _________.A) female mosquitoes don’t bite animalsB) female mosquitoes bite people for a substance that keeps blood flowingC) malaria is found everywhere in the worldD) countries in Europe and North America have low malaria death rate22. What is the right order in which mosquitoes grow?a. Adult mosquitoes pull themselves out of the pupas and fly away.b. The larvae change into creatures called pupas.c. The insect leaves the eggs in any standing water.d. The eggs produce worm-like creatures called larvae.A) c, a, b, d B) d, c, b, a C) c, d, b, a D) d, b, c, a23. According to the WHO, the organisms carried by mosquitoes __________.A) are the food for larvaeB) have led to the death of millions of people in the worldC) invade red blood cells first and then destroy major organsD) can enter a person’s brain through the mosquito’s bite24. According to the passage, malaria medicines are generally designed to _______.A) keep people’s bo dy temperature at a normal levelB) prevent parasites from entering people’s skinsC) stop parasites from growing inside the bodyD) stop parasites from invading red blood cells25. What is the passage mainly talking about?A) The growing process of mosquitoes and the diseases spread by them.B) The medicines used in preventing and treating malaria.C) The kinds of mosquitoes in the world today.D) The larvae of mosquitoes feed on organisms in the water.Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Conservationists call them hot spots — habitats that cover just 1.4 percent of the earth’s land surface but are so rich in biological diversity that preserving them could keep an astonishing number of plant and animal species off the endangered list.Since 1988, when Dr. Norman Myers and his colleagues began describing these hot spots in a series of scientific papers and arguing for their protection, they have become a focus of worldwide conservation efforts. Private organizations and government agencies, including the World Bank, have made preserving 25 such ecological arks a top priority for financing and protective legislation. But a growing chorus of scientists is warning that directing conservation funds to hot spots may be a recipe for major losses in the future. Of species that live on land, nearly half of all plants and more than a third of all animals are found only in the hot spots. But they do not include many rare species and major animal groupsthat live in l ess biologically rich regions (“cold spots”). And the hot-spot concept does not factor in the importance of some ecosystems to human beings, the scientists argue.This debate has been simmering quietly among biologists for years; however, it is coming to a boil now with the publication of an article in the current issue of American Scientist arguing that “calls to direct conservation funding to the world’s biodiversity hot spots may be bad investment advice.” “The hot-spot concept has grown so popular in recent years within the larger conservation community that it now risks eclipsing all other approaches,” write the authors of the paper. “The officers and directors of all too many foundations, non-governmental organizations and international agencies have been seduced by thesimplicity of the hot spot idea,” they go on. “We worry that the initially appealing idea of getting the most species per unit area is, in fact, a thoroughly misleading strategy.”But hot spots have their ardent defenders, notably Dr. Norman Myers and Dr. Russell Mittermeier. Dr. Myers says hot spots have been successful at attracting attention and financing for conservation in tropical countries. “And that has been good,” he said. “No one is suggesting that one invest solely in hot spots, but if you want to avoid extinctions, you have to invest in them.”26. The best title for this passage would be ________.A) A Debate on Preserving Hot Spots B) An Introduction to Hot SpotsC) Hot Spots vs. Cold Spots D) How to Finance Hot Spots27. Hot spots occupy a small percentage of the earth’s land surface with _____________.A) a third of all plants B) many major animal groups living in cold spotsC) rich biological diversity D) many rare species living in cold spots28. Critics of hot spots hold the opinion that ________.A) hot spots are always as important as cold spotsB) it is unwise to invest largely in hot spotsC) governments should choose the best time to invest in hot spotsD) the hot-spot approach is a misleading strategy from the very beginning29. According to Dr. Norman Myers, _________.A) protecting and investing in hot spots can save species from extinctionB) conservation efforts should not center on hot spotsC) governments should invest most in cold spotsD) the hot-spot approach now is not as good as it was in the past30. What is the writer’s attitude towards the hot-spot approach?A) Critical. B) Neutral. C) Supportive. D) Doubtful.Part IV Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Two million years ago, just as the Earth’s primitive apemen were evolving into big-brained humans, a pair of supernovae explosions occurred near Earth. Our planet was buffeted (冲击) with blasts of radiation —with 31 effects. “These supernovae would 32 away our protective ozone layer,” said Dr Narciso Benitez of Johns Hopkins University. Earth lostits protection 33 ultraviolet light. All sorts of mutational (突变) damage to animals’ DNAwould have occurred. New species could have emerged 34 . It is possible that Homo sapiens (智人) may have been one of these.The likely 35 of a supernova’s radiation led scient ists in the past 36 that one may have affected 37 on Earth. Benitez now believes that 38 two supernovae occurred near Earth two million years ago: The first would have blasted space free 39 interstellar particles; and the second would have struck Earth at full force, 40 its ozone layer.Observations of space around our Sun have revealed that, 41 the rest of the galaxy, space near us has little interstellar gas in it. “ 42 it is missing much of its dust and gas —just as if a supernova 43 it out,” added Maíz-Apellániz. 44 , our tiny corner of the galaxy appears to have been swept clean by a supernova brush about two million years ago; and intriguingly, at just this time, a set of extinctions — known as the Pliocene (上新世) / Pleistocene (更新世) extinctions — is also known 45 .It was also around this time that mankind’s direct ancestor, Homo erectus, the species 46 to be the first true human being, appeared in Africa and Asia after 47 more primitiveape-like creatures. These beings may have been some of the lucky few who were able to 48 advantage of conditions in these hazardous, radioactive 49 . This triumph only occurred thanks to this celestial (上天旳) 50 , however.31. A) devastate B) devastating C) devastated D) devastation32. A) blow B) have blown C) blew D) be blowing34. A) as a result of B) as a result C) the end result D) from the result of35. A) compact B) contact C) intact D) impact36. A) speculate B) speculating C) to speculate D) speculated37. A) evolution B) revolution C) resolution D) solution38. A) at least B) at most C) at first D) at last39. A) with B) without C) at D) of40. A) destroyed B) to destroy C) destroying D) destroy41. A) unlikely B) likely C) unlike D) dislike42. A) Definitely B) Obviously C) Eventually D) Essentially43. A) would clean B) cleaned C) have cleaned D) had cleaned44. A) In word B) In words C) In other words D) In a word45. A) to occur B) to have occurred C) occurring D) have occurred46. A) considered B) was considered C) considering D) being considered47. A) placing B) replacing C) being placed D) being replaced49. A) reasons B) results C) spaces D) times50. A) invention B) intervention C) convention D) creationPart V Translation (5 minutes)Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.51. Don’t get involved in love games too early. _______ (要是……该怎么办) you suffer from failure in love?52. That car ___________________(尽给我添麻烦) ever since I bought it.53. _______________________ (努力不吸入) the vapor, Thomas turned his head.54. But for his wife’s encouragement, he _____________ (就不能发明那个机器).55. It _________________________ (直到得到有关当局旳同意) that we can start the job.Part I WritingOne possible version:How to Conduct Patriotic Education Among the Youth of TodayThese years have seen a widespread neglect of patriotic education in our society. According to some official reports, many patriotic education centers have been closed down or kept open to the public for other more profitable purposes, while many of our national heroes have given way to today’s pop stars in youth’s minds. If this current is allowed to run its course, I am afraid, things are bound to turn for the worse, with less and less sense of patriotism left in the youth.The significance of patriotic education to our society can be seen from the following perspectives: Patriotic education can make youth more aware of the glorious history and culture of our nation, thus building up their sense of pride as Chinese. Furthermore, patriotic education helps youth value today’s hard-earned life so as to hold dearer their golden chances of enriching themselves with knowledge in peace.So the most pressing issue for us now is how to effectively instill patriotism in the youth of today. In my opinion, the first step should be focused upon giving fuller play to the potential of patriotic education centers instead of running them for the purpose of making money. Then, greater efforts must be made to integrate patriotic education into the curriculums throughout a student’s education. In short, where there is effective patriotic education of youth, there is a greater enhancement of national cohesion.Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)1. B)。
2024年7月英语四级真题及参考答案完整版
2024年7月英语四级真题及参考答案完整版（注意：本文根据所给题目进行了创作，请注意密切关注真实的英语四级考试信息）Introduction2024年7月英语四级考试是一次备受关注的重要考试。
本文将为大家呈现2024年7月英语四级真题及参考答案的完整版，旨在帮助考生了解考试内容和答题方法，为他们的备考提供指导。
Part I - 听力（Listening）第一节（共5小题）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。
从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. W: Have you checked the weather forecast for tomorrow's picnic?M: Yes. It says the weather will be sunny with a high of 28 degrees Celsius.Q: What will the weather be like for tomorrow's picnic?[解析] 根据对话内容，女士问男士是否查看了明天野餐的天气预报。
男士回答说阳光明媚，温度为28摄氏度。
所以正确答案是 A) Sunny.2. M: Excuse me, where can I find the textbooks for the biology course?W: You can find them in the university bookstore on the ground floor.Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?[解析] 根据对话内容，男士询问女士生物课程的教材放在哪里，女士回答说放在一楼的大学书店，故正确答案是 B) In a university bookstore.3. W: The new mall is opening tomorrow. Would you like to go shopping there with me?M: I'd love to, but I have a meeting in the afternoon. How about this weekend?Q: What does the man mean?[解析] 女士邀请男士一起去新开的购物中心逛街，男士表示很想去但是有一个下午的会议，问女士这周末如何。
大学英语四级考试模拟题（附答案）
大学英语模拟真题Test 2第一部分：交际用语（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）此部分共有5个未完成的对话，针对每个对话中未完成的部分有4个选项，请从A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. —Why not go and have dinner in the restaurant? —_________ It’s too expensive. A. Why not. B. I agree . C. I ’m afraid not. D. I ’m sure. 2. —Mike,I am going to skate in the mountains tomorrow. —Oh,really? _________ A. Good luck. B. Great. C. Have a good time. C. Have a good time. D. Congratulations! D. Congratulations! 3. —Please help yourself to the fish. —_________ A. Thanks,but I don’t like the fish.B. Sorr y ,I can’t help.y,I can’t help.C. Well,fish don’t suit me.D. No,I can’t.4. —_________ —He teaches physics in a school. A. What does your father want to do? B. Who is your father? C. What is your father? D. Where is your father now? 5. —Excuse me, how much is the jacket? —It It’’s 499 Yuan. _________ A. Oh, no. Tha t’t’s OK! s OK! B. How do you like it? C. Which do you prefer? D. Would you like to try it on? 第二部分：阅读理解（共10小题；每小题3分，满分30分）此部分共有2篇短文，在第一篇短文后有5个正误判断题，从每题后的两个选项中选出正确答案；在第二篇短文后有5个问题。
2023年大学英语四级模拟试题附答案
2023最新大学英语四级模拟试题（一）Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Popularity of Getting Certificates on Campus. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1.大学校园内多种证书旳报考十分火热2.大学生考证旳利弊3.考证面前，我旳选择The Popularity of Getting Certificates on CampusPart ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Main Energies for the BodyA balanced diet is one that provides an adequate intake of energy and nutrients for maintenance of the body and therefore good health. A diet can easily be adequate for normal bodily functioning, yet may not be a balanced diet.CarbohydratesCarbohydrates are a rapid source of energy, they are the body's fuel. The bulk of a balanced diet should be made from carbohydrates. If eaten in an excess of the dietary requirements carbohydrates are easily stored as fats in the cells, although carbohydrate is the first source of energy in the body. An average adult requires about 12,000kJ of energy a day, most of this is supplied by the respiration of carbohydrates in the cells.Carbohydrates are used principally as a respiratory substrates, i.e. to be oxidized to release energy for active transport, macromolecule synthesis, cell division and muscle contraction. Carbohydrates are digested in the duodenum and ileum and absorbed as glucose into cells. Sources of carbohydrates such as starch are rice, potatoes, wheat and other cereals. Sugars are also carbohydrates, sources of sugars are refined sugar - sucrose, which is a food sweetener and preservative and fruit sugars - fructose. If the diet lacks carbohydrate stores of fat are mobilized and used as an energy source.ProteinsProtein is not a direct source of energy in the body, it is used primarily for growth and repair of body tissues while remaining an energy source as a last resort. Proteins fulfill a wide variety of roles in the body. They are broken down in the stomach and intestines to amino acids which are then absorbed. The body can only form 8 amino acids to build proteins from, the diet must provide Essential Amino Acids (EAAs) which are synthesized into proteins which can be structural, i.e. collagen in bone, keratin in hair, myosin and actinin muscle; metabolic enzymes, hemoglobin, protective antibodies and communicative hormones.Sources of protein include meat, fish, eggs and pulses. The diet needs to provide 8 EAAs as the body is unable to synthesis proteins without these molecules. 2 other amino acids are synthesized from EAAs so if the diet lacks the original EAAs these other two will not be present either. Phenylalanine is converted to tyrosine and methionine is converted to cysteine. Cells draw upon a pool of amino acids for protein synthesis which either come from dietary protein digested and absorbed in the gut and the breakdown of body protein such as muscle. However, unlike fats and carbohydrates there is no store of amino acids for cells to draw on, any amino acid in excess of immediate bodily requirements is broken down into urea and excreted. It is therefore important to maintain the dietary intake of protein everyday. If the body lacks protein, muscle wasting occurs as muscle is broken down.If protein is lacked in a diet a person develops kwashiorkor which is caused when high levels of carbohydrates are eaten to overcome the lack of protein in the diet. One symptom of kwashiorkor is the abnormal collection of fluid around the abdomen due to the lack of protein in the blood. The body cannot retain water by osmosis and fluid accumulates in tissues causing them to become waterlogged.Vitamin CategoriesVitamins cannot be synthesized by the body so must be supplied by diet. Vitamins have no common structure or function but are essential in small amounts for the body to be able to utilize other dietary components efficiently.Vitamins fall into two categories, fat soluble vitamins such as vitamin A, D, E and K which are ingested with fatty foods and water soluble vitamins such as the B group vitamins and vitamin C. Vitamins are known as micronutrients because only small quantities are required for a healthy diet, in fact fat soluble vitamins can be toxic in high concentrations, for example the body stores vitamin A, or retinol, in the liver as it is toxic if kept in high concentrations in the blood stream, a dose of more than 3300mg of vitamin A can be considered toxic. Water soluble vitamins such as vitamin C and B groups vitamins can be excreted in the urine if in excess in the diet.Vitamins AVitamin A is essential to the proper functioning of the retina in the eye and the epithelial tissues. A lack of vitamin A results in dry, rough skin, inflammation of the eyes, a drying or scarring of the cornea - xerophthalmia, which occurs when the secretion of lubricating tears is stopped, the eyelids become swollen and sticky with pus. Mucous surfaces of the eye may become eroded allowing infection to set in, leading to ulceration and destruction of the cornea. Night blindness - an inability to see in dim light can also occur. Rod cells in the retina of the eye detect light of low intensity, they convert vitamin A into a pigment, rhodopsin, which is bleached when light enters the eye. Rod cellsresynthesis rhodopsin, but if there is a deficiency of the vitamin, rod cells can no longer function and the result is night blindness. Epithelial cells use retinol to make retinoic acid, an intracellular messenger used in cell differentiation and growth. Without retinoic acid epithelial cells are not maintained properly and the body becomes susceptible to infections, particularly measles and infections of the respiratory system and gut.Xenophthalmia is common among children who's diets consist of mainly cereals with little meat or fresh vegetables, this is common in Indonesia, Bangladesh, India and the Philippines.Vitamins DVitamin D, or calciferol, is another fat soluble steroid vitamin which functions to stimulate calcium uptake from the gut and its deposition in bone. vitamin D acts as a hormone when converted by enzymes in the gut and liver into an active form of "active vitamin D", which stimulates epithelial cells in the intestine to absorb calcium. vitamin D is therefore essential in growing children's diets to enable the growth of strong bones. Without adequate amounts of vitamin D children can develop rickets, which is the deformation of the legs caused when they lack calcium to strengthen the bones. In adults a lack of vitamin D in the diet can lead to osteomalacia, a progressive softening of the bones which can make them highly susceptible to fracture.Vitamin D is made by the body when exposed to sunlight and is stored in the muscles, however, if the skin is rarely exposed to the sunlight or is dark little vitamin D is produced. Foods such as eggs and oily fish are all rich in vitamin D.Vitamins KVitamin K, phylloquinone, is found in dark green leafy vegetables such as spinach and kale. It is a fat soluble vitamin which is involved in the clotting process of blood. In the intestines bacteria synthesize a number of important clotting factors which need vitamin K. Without vitamin K cuts can fail to heal and internal bleeding can occur.Vitamins CVitamin C is a water soluble vitamin, known chemically as ascorbic acid. It is found in citrus fruits such as oranges and lemons, and also in potatoes and tomatoes. The main function of vitamin C is the formation of connective tissues such as collagen. It is also known to be an antioxidant which helps to remove toxins and aids the immune system. A lack of vitamin C leads to Scurvy, a condition experienced by sailors on long journeys when they did not have fruit in their diets. Scurvy causes painful, bleeding gums. As vitamin C is water soluble, it is not toxic in high doses as it can be excreted in the urine, very high doses can however cause diarrhea.Vitamins BB group vitamins have a wide range of roles acting as co-enzymes in metabolic pathways. They are found in most plant and animal tissues involved in metabolism,therefore foods such as liver, yeast and dairy products are all rich in B group vitamins. Deficiency of B group vitamins include dermatitis, fatigue and malformation of red blood cells.1. An adult needs about 12,000kJ of energy a day from ________.A. the cellB. the respiring process of carbohydratesC. fats in the cellD. a balanced diet2. Carbohydrates are ultimately absorbed into cells in the process of _______.A. digestionB. respirationC. oxidizationD. mobilization3. The Essential Amino Acids which build part of proteins can be obtained from______.A. stomachB. body tissuesC. the bodyD. the diet4. The ultimate cause of kwashiorkor is lack of ________.A. proteinB. carbohydratesC. vitaminsD. diet5. Vitamins are called “micronutrients” in that _________.A. excessive fat soluble vitamins can be excreted in the urineB. the body only requires small amount of vitaminsC. a dose of 3300mg of vitamins can be considered toxicD. the high concentrations of water soluble vitamins are toxic6. Night blindness is a disease normally caused by lack of __________.A. fat soluble vitaminsB. water soluble vitaminsC. vitamin AD. innate disability7. The main function of vitamin D is to prevent adults from ________.A. the growth of strong bonesB. fractureC. a progressive softening of the bonesD. calcium uptake from the gut8. Although the human body produces vitamin D normally, it fails to do so if there is not enough ______________.9. The reason why vitamin C is seen as an antioxidant is that it drives__________ out of the body.10. If you are in lack of B group vitamins, you should turn to _______________. Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) He thinks he’s very o rganized.B) He doesn’t want to join the display.C) He doesn’t think he should lead the study group.D) He knows someone who can lead the study group.12. A) He doesn’t know where his brother keeps his computer.B) The woman should buy a used computer.C) He doesn’t know how much computers cost.D) His brother paid too much for the computer.13. A) It’s been to warm to wear the jacket.B) The jacket is too big for him.C) He doesn’t like cold weather.D) He didn’t buy the jacket until cooler weather arrived.14. A) He started the semester in a bad mood.B) He’s not usually bad-tempered.C) He has few responsibilities.D) He doesn’t like the man.15. A) He forgot to cancel the reservation.B) They can go to the restaurant after the woman has finished working.C) He has to work late tonight.D) They don’t have a reservation at the restaurant.16. A) Use bleach on his socks.B) Buy new white socks.C) Wash his red T-shirt again.D) Throw away his pink socks.17. A) He isn’t satisfied with his progress.B) He wants to move up more quickly than he’s presently doing.C) He has advance quickly enough in his career.D) He feels frustrated as he tries to move up the ladder.18. A) Try on a smaller sweater.B) Look for another style at a different store.C) Give the sweater away as a gift.D) Exchange the sweater for a bigger one.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) She's unable to attend the study session.B) She has seen a doctor recently.C) She's concerned about medical care.D) She mentions the need for some medical tests.20. A) To improve the study skills of university students.B) To suggest changes in the student government.C) To give people the opportunity to speak with a politician.D) To discuss graduation requirements for political science majors.21. A) Graduate school application procedures.B) Funding for university education.C) Winning the confidence of voters.D) Preparing for an important test.22. A) Tell her what to study for the history test.B) Write a favorable letter of recommendation.C) Advise her about how to run an election campaign.D) Suggest a topic for a research paper.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) Boston schools.B) Frontier life.C) Teaching requirements.D) Immigration patterns.24. A) She was a famous author.B) Her family later became famous landowners.C) She exemplifies the immigrant spirit.D) She invented some labor-saving farm equipment.25. A) To the library.B) To the movies.C) To a bookstore.D) To a travel bureau.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some question. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C),and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) They were drawing pictures. B) They were watching TV.C) They were making a telephone call. D) They were tidying up the drawing room.27. A) They locked the couple up in the drawing room.B) They seriously injured the owners of the house.C) They smashed the TV set and the telephone.D) They took away sixteen valuable paintings.28. A) He accused them of the theft.B) He raised the rents.C) He refused to prolong their land lease.D) He forced them to abandon their traditions.29. A) They wanted to protect the farmers’ interests.B) They wanted to extend the reservation area for birds.C) They wanted to steal his valuable paintings.D) They wanted to drive him away from the island.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) Through food. B) Through air.C) Through insects. D) Through body fluids.31. A) They ran a high fever. B) They died from excessive bleeding.C) Their nervous system was damaged. D) They suffered from heart-attack.32. A) To see what happened to the survivors of the outbreak.B) To study animals that can also get infected with the disease.C) To find out where the virus originates.D) To look for the plants that could cure the disease.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) To determine whether the Earth’s temperature is going up.B) To study the behavior of some sea animals.C) To measure the depths of the ocean.D) To measure the movement of waves in the ocean.34. A) They were frightened and distressed.B) They swam away when the speaker was turned on.C) They swam closer to “examine” the speaker when it was turned off.D) They didn’t seem to be frightened and kept swimming near the speaker.35. A) To attract more sea animals to the testing site.B) To drive dangerous sea animals away from the testing site.C) To help trace the sea animals being tested.D) To determine how sea animals communicate with each other.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Dreams are a way for the subconscious to communicate with the __47__ mind. Dreaming of something you’re worried about, researchers say, is the brain’s way of helping you rehearse for a disaster in case it occurs. Dreaming of a challenge, like giving a presentation at work or playing sports, can enhance your __48__. And cognitive neuroscientists have discovered that dreams and the rapid eye movement (REM) that happens while you’re dreaming are __49__ to our ability to learn and remember. Dreaming is a “mood regulatory system,” says Rosalind Cartwright, PhD, chairman of the psychology __50__ at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago. She’s found that dreams help people work through the day’s emotional quandaries. “It’s like having a built-in therapist,” says Cartwright. While we sleep, dreams __51__ new emotional experience to old memories, creating plaid-like patterns of old images laid on top of new ones. As she puts it, “You may wake up and think, What was Uncle Harry doing in my dream? I haven’t seen him for 50years. But the old and new images are __52__ related.” It’s the job of the conscious mind to figure out the relationship. In fact, dream emotions can help real therapists treat patients __53__ traumatic (创伤旳) life events. In a new study of 30 recently __54__ adults, Cartwright tracked their dreams over a five-month period, measuring their feelings toward their ex-spouses. She discovered that those who were angriest at the spouse while dreaming had the best chance of successfully coping with divorce. “If their dreams were bland,” Cartwright says, “they hadn’t started to work through their emotions and __55__ with the divorce.” For therapists, this finding will help __56__ whether divorced men or women need counseling or have already dreamed their troubles away.A. dealB. physicallyC. wakeD. performanceE. makingF. undergoingG. experienceH. divorcedI. determineJ. compareK. departmentL. consciousM. presentationN. linkedO. emotionallySection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.A few years ago a young mother watched her husband diaper (给…换尿布) their firstborn son. “You do not have to be unhappy about it,” she protested. “You can talk to him and smile a little.” The father, who happened to be a psychologist, answered firmly, “He has nothing to say to me, and I have nothing to say to him.”Psychologist now know how wrong that father was. From the moment of birth, a baby has a great deal to say to his parents, and they to him. But a decade or so ago, these experts were describing the newborn as a primitive creature who reacted only by reflex, a helpless victim of its environment without capacity to influence it. And mothers acceptedthe truth. Most thought (and some still do) that a new infant could see only blurry (模糊旳) shadows, that his other senses were undeveloped, and that all he required was nourishment, clean diapers, and a warm bassinet.Today university laboratories across the country are studying newborns in their first month of life. As a result, psychologists now describe the new baby as perceptive, with remarkable learning abilities and an even more remarkable capacity to shape his or her environment including the attitudes and actions of his parents. Some researchers believe that the neonatal period may even be the most significant four weeks in an entire lifetime.Far from being helpless, the newborn knows what he likes and rejects what he doesn’t. He shut out unpleasant sensations by closing his eyes or averting his face. He is a glutton for novelty. He prefers animate things over inanimate and likes people more than anything.When a more nine minutes out, an infant prefers a human face to a head-shaped outline. He makes the choice despite the fact that, with delivery room attendants masked and gowned, he has never seen a human face before. By the time he’s twelve hours old, his entire body moves in precise synchrony (同步发生) to the sound of a human voice, as if he were dancing. A non-human sound, such as a tapping noise, brings no such response.57. The author points out that the father diapering his first-born son was wrong because________.A) he believed the baby was not able to hear himB) he thought the baby didn’t have the power of speechC) he was a psychologist unworthy of his professionD) he thought the baby was not capable of any response58. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A) A new infant can see only blurry shadows.B) A new infant’s senses are undevelopedC) All a new infant requires is nourishment, clean diapers, and a warm bassinet.D) A new infant is actually able to influence his or her environment59. What does the sentence “He is a glutton for novelty” probably mean?A) The newborn is greedy for new food.B) The newborn tends to overeat.C) The newborn always loves things that are new to him.D) The newborn’s appetite is a constant topic in no vels.60. According to the passage, it’s groundless to think that newbornsprefer________.A) a human face to a head-shaped outlineB) animate things to inanimate onesC) human voice to non-human soundsD) nourishment to a warm bassinet61. What is the passage mainly discussing about?A) What people know about newborns.B) How wrong parents are when they handle their babies.C) How much newborns have progressed in about a decade’s time.D) Why the first month of life is the most significant four weeks in a lifetime.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Mobile office is the mutual product of economic，scientific，and social progress.Mobile office has become a solution that provides users with convenient, prompt, safe, reliable, and reasonably priced communications and office faculty anywhere anytime via the support of mobile interconnection platform(MIP)and its applications systems. Using mobile office and WAP technology, people can do their work anywhere anytime, can send and receive data via terminals such as mobile phone, and palm computer, and can surf the Internet.When you leave your office to attend meetings or travel on business，what would happen to your business routine?Of course, faxes and e-mails would be still sent to your fax machine or e-mail box, but you cannot read them and make prompt reaction timely. When your clients need you to make some urgent modifications on your work and you are neither in the office nor carrying relevant documents, what can you do?Maybe you have to say “sorry” to the clients. But, your business will be affected，the clients will be unhappy and disappointed because of your delay，and you will lose a lot of business opportunities.In fact, very frequently, you need to check, reply, distribute, modify, or read some materials when you are not in your office. You must get out of this dilemma. The best solution to normally handle your business anywhere anytime and not to disappoint your clients is to let your office “move” with you. With the development of communications technology, mobile office has become simpler and smaller, and even can be realized via one mobile phone with data communications function. Thus, mobile office has already been put into your pocket, and office mobility has been realized.Mobile office has provided people with convenient, casual working environment, but at the same time it still has some unsatisfactory aspects such as mismatching equipment interface and inadequate battery. Nevertheless, we believe that with technical progress, people can certainly overcome all kinds of difficulties. Mobile office will realize the dream of completely free communication. Users will enjoy more colorful life and better working environment, and users’ living standard, working efficiency, and even enterprises’ production efficiency will certainly be immensely raised.注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上作答62. According to the passage, mobile office help you with the following except ________ .A) keeping update with the latest newsB) checking e-mails any time one wantsC) conducting internet surfingD) finding one’s true love in life63. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the second paragraph?A) You would lose a lot of business opportunities if you always delay your work.B) You should read and reply faxes and e-mail timely.C) When you leave your office your business routine might be damaged.D) When you cannot meet the need of your clients you should immediately say sorry.64. When you let your office “move” with you, you __________ .A) will never let your clients downB) you don’t have to stay at office anymoreC) you then find the best way to handle your business anywhere anytimeD) you no longer face the dilemma between work and life65. It can be inferred from the passage that __________ .A) mobile office communication is very cost-consumingB) with the development of science, mobile office has eventually come to our lifeC) people had no convenient and reliable communications and office faculty beforeD) economic factors are essential in the operation of mobile office66. According to the author, mobile office _________ .A) would help achieve complete communication mobilityB) is too expensive to afford by small companiesC) has some fatal defects impossible to modifyD) is too complicated to operate in everyday businessPart V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work, they have to read all kinds of materials. In _67_a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend _68_can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are _69_readers.Most of us develop poor reading _70_at an early age, and never get over them.The main deficiency _71_in the actual component of language itself-words. Take individually, words have _72_meaning until they are put together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs._73_, however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often turning back to _74_words or passages.。
大学英语四级模拟试卷355(题后含答案及解析)
大学英语四级模拟试卷355(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Writing 2. Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) 3. Listening Comprehension 4. Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) 5. Cloze 8. TranslationPart I Writing (30 minutes)1．For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic The Appropriate Teacher. Student Relationship. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese ) below. The Appropriate Teacher-Student Relationship 1．师生之间应建立良好的师生关系；2．良好的师生关系对老师的工作有利；3．良好的师生关系有利于学生的学习。
正确答案：The Appropriate Teacher-Student Relationship The relationship between a teacher and a student can be good or bad, helpful or barmful. Either way, the relationship can affect the student for the rest of his life. An appropriate teacher-student relation will make learning enjoyable and interesting and the teacher’s job worthwhile. A bad relation can discourage the student from learning and make teaching an unpleasant task. In a good teacher-student relation the teacher does not have to force the student to learn. The teacher should motivate and encourage file student. Learning can be fun when the student has the right attitude towards it. Besides, the teacher needs to be patient, understanding, and sympathetic. As for file student, in older to have a good relationship with his teacher, he must always show him proper respect. He should be eager to learn and willing to work hard. It is also important to listen carefully in class. In conclusion, a good teacher-student relationship can be mutually beneficial. The student gains knowledge earnestly and enjoyably, and file teacher gains satisfaction from his job.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark：Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.Albert Einstein Born in 1879, in Ulm, Germany, Einstein was two years old when his parents moved to Munich. There his father opened a business in electrical supplies. As a boy, Einstein did not learn to talk until later than others of his age, and in his early childhood he was not considered especially bright. But by the time he was fourteen years old, he had recovered from a slow start to the extent that he had taught himself advanced mathematics from textbooks. By then he knew whathe wanted to be when he grew up. He wanted to be a physicist and devote himself to research. The Einsteins, however, could not afford to pay for the advanced education young Einstein needed. The family business had declined, and they were forced to leave Munich to live in Milan, Italy, where they had relatives. As for Albert, the family did manage to send him to a technical school in Switzerland, and later to the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich. In 1901, when Einstein was twenty-two years old, he began teaching, and in 1902 he went to work as a patent office examiner in Bern. Now able to pay his own expenses, he continued his schooling at the University of Zurich, where he received a doctor’ s degree in 1905. This was the period when he first began the research which led to his famous theory of relativity. To most people it is not easy to explain why Einstein’ s theory has had such an immense effect upon the whole scientific and intellectual world. After its formation, scientists never again regarded the world as they had before. The theory set forth new and far-reaching conclusions about the nature of space, time, motion, mass, energy, and the relations governing all these. Basically the theory proposed, among other things, that the greatest speed possible is the speed of light; that the rate of a clock moving through space will decrease as its speed increases; and that energy and mass are equal and interchangeable. This latter claim, based on the formula “energy equals mass times the square of the speed of light” was later proved by atomic fission, on which the atomic bomb is based. Toward the end of his life, when Einstein was asked to explain his law of relativity to a group of young students, he said: “When you sit with a nice girl for two hours, you think it’s only a minute. But when you sit on a hot stove for a minute, you think it’s two hours. That is relativity.”Einstein had an effect on science and history that only a few men have ever achieved. An American university president once commented that “Einstein has created a new outlook, a new view of the universe. It may be some generations before the average mind grasps the identity of time and space, and so on—but even ordinary men understand now that the universe is something vaster than ever thought before.”By 1914 Einstein had gained world fame. He accepted the offer to become a professor at the Prussian Academy of Sciences in Bedim He had few duties, little teaching, and unlimited opportunities for study. It was an ideal position, but soon his peace and quiet were broken by the First World War. Einstein hated violence. Though he was not personally involved, the war and its misery affected him deeply. He lost interest in much of his research. Only when peace finally came in 1918 was he able to get back to work. During the years following World War [, Germany heaped honors upon Einstein. He was persuaded to become director of Theoretical Physics in the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute. He won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921. Prussia made him an honorary citizen. Potsdam built an Einstein Tower in its Astrophysical Institute. Berlin held public celebration on his fiftieth birthday. Being a shy man, Einstein did not attend, but he received several baskets full of cards, letters, and telegrams expressing admiration and best wishes. The gifts to him would have filled a railway freight car. Four years later, Adolph Hitler came to power in Germany. He and his Nazis disliked intellectuals, and they hated Jews. There was no respect even for Albert Einstein, who only wanted to think of the problems of time and space and who never got involved inpolitics. The academy of Sciences was closed to him; his house was searched for weapons; he lost his professorship; all his property was seized; and finally his German citizenship was taken away. He became a stateless man. Upon leaving Germany, Einstein went first to France, then to Belgium, and then to England. There he received an invitation from the United States. The Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, New Jersey, offered him a lifetime professorship. He accepted, but he asked so small a salary to maintain its own pay, the Institute had to give him more than he requested. Such behavior was characteristic of Einstein. He had little interest in money, though he could have been very wealthy. He once turned down an offer of $1,000 a minute to speak on the radio. On another occasion he put a check for $1,500 from the Rockefeller Foundation between the pages of a book to help him remember where he had stopped reading. Then, having used the check as a bookmark, he lost the book. In 1955 Einstein became an American citizen. When interviewed about his new country, he told reporters: “Seven years ago, when asked for the reason I left Germany, I made this statement: ‘As long as I have any choice, I will only stay on a country where political liberty, toleration, and equality of all citizens before the law is the rue. Political liberty implies liberty to express one’ s political opinions orally and in writing, and a tolerant respect for any and every individual opinion. ‘“ Einstein lived the rest of his life in the United States. Much of the great scientist’s time was devoted to efforts to build world peace. He also found time to practice playing his violin, for he loved music and was a better than average violinist. He lived quietly in Princeton, working at the Institute and entertaining himself with his violin in his simple home. In 1955 Einstein’ s life ended peacefully at the age of seventy-six. Because this simple man of genius used his intelligence for his fellowmen, all men now live in a changed world. Einstein lived not to conquer or destroy, but to understand.2．From the article we learn about Einstein’s life, his achievements and his personality.A．YB．NC．NG正确答案：A解析：通过速读可以了解本文大意。
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英语四级考试完整模拟真题及答案2017年英语四级考试完整模拟真题及答案经验丰富的人读书用两只眼睛，一只眼睛看到纸面上的话，另一眼睛看到纸的背面。
以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的2017年英语四级考试完整模拟真题及答案，希望对正在关注的您有所帮助!Part I Reading Comprehension (共20小题，每小题2分，共40分)Directions: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by four comprehension questions. Read the passage and answer the questions. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:In Washington D.C., 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue is a very special address. It is the address of the White House, the home of the president of the United States.Originally the White House was gray and was called the Presidential Palace. It was built from 1792 to 1800. at this time, the city of Washington itself was being built; it was to be the nation’s new capital city. George Washington, the first president, and Pierre Charles L’Enfant, a French engineer, chose the place for the new city. L’Enfant then planned they city.The president’s home was an important part of the plan.A contest was held to pick a design for the president’s home. An architect named James Hoban won. He designed a large three-story house of gray stone.President Washington never lived in the President Palace. The first president to live there was John Adams, the second president of the United States, and his wife Mrs. Adams did notreally like hew new house. In her letters, she often complained about the cold. Fifty fireplaces were not enough to keep the house warm!In 1812 the United States and Britain went to war. In 1814 the British invaded Washington. Theu burned many buildings, including the Presidential Palace.After the war James Hoban, the original architect, partially rebuilt the president’s h omes. To cover the marks of the fire, the building was painted white. Before long it became known as the White House.The White House is one of the most popular tourist attractions in the United States. Every year more than 1.5 million visitors go through the five rooms that are open to the public.1. The White House was built in Washington .A. because a French engineer was invited to design itB. because President George Washington liked to live in itC. because the British invaders lived in it in 1812-1814D. because it was to be the nation’s capital city2. The Presidential Palace was .A. painted gray and whiteB. made of gray stoneC. made of white stoneD. made very warm in winter3. The president’s home and the city of Washington were .A. built by the American armyB. built by the British troopsC. planned by George WashingtonD. planned by the French4. The original home of the president needed to be rebuilt .A. because John Adam’s wife did not like itB. because it was cold in winter even with 50 fireplacesC. because it had burned down during the warD. because George Washington was not willing to live in it5. The new presidential home was painted white to .A. cover the marks of fireB. attract tourist from FranceC. to please Mrs. John AdamsD. keep it warm in winterPassage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:There are two kinds of memory: shot-term and long-term. Information in long-term memory can be remembered at a later time when it is needed. The information may be kept for days or weeks. However, information over and over. The following experiment shows how short-term memory has been studied.Henning studied how students who are learning English as a second language remember vocabulary. The subjects in his experiment were 75 college students. They represented all levels of ability in English: beginning, intermediate, and native-speaking students.To begin, the subjects listened to a recording of a native speaker reading a paragraph in English. Following the recording, the subjects took a 15-question test to see which words they remembered, each question had four choices. The subjects had to circle the word they had heard in the recording. Some of the questions had four choices that sound alike. For example, weather, whether, wither, and wetter are four words that sound alike. Some of the questions had four choices that have the same meaning. Method, way, manner, and system would be four words with the same meaning. Finally the subjects took a language proficiency test.Henning found that students with a lower proficiency in English made more of their mistakes on words that sound alike; students with a higher proficiency made more of their mistakes on words that have the same meaning. Henning’s results suggest that beginning students hold the sound of words in theirshort-term memory, and advanced students hold the meaning of words in their short-term memory.6. Henning made the experiment in order to study .A. how students remember English vocabulary by short-term memoryB. how students learn English vocabularyC. how to develop students’ ability in EnglishD. how long information in short-term memory is kept7. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Information in short-term memory is different from that in long-term memory.B. Long-term memory can be achieved only by training.C. It is easier to test short-term memory than long-term memory.D. Henning gave a separate test on vocabulary to his students.8. From Henning’s result we can s ee that .A. beginners have difficulty distinguishing the pronunciation of wordsB. advanced students remember words by their meaningC. it is difficult to remember words that sound alikeD. it is difficult to remember words that have the same meaning9. T he word “subjects” in the passage means .A. memoryB. the theme of listening materialC. a branch of knowledge studiedD. the students experimented onPassage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:The cowboy is the hero of many movies,. He is, even today, a symbol of courage and adventure. But what was the life of the cowboy really like?The cowboy’s job is clear from the word cowboy. Cowboy were men who took care of cows and other cattle. The cattle were in the West and in Texas. People in the cities of the East wanted beef these cattle. Trains could take the cattle east. But first the cattle had to get to the trains. Part of the cowboy’s job was to take the cattle hundreds of miles to the railroad town. The trips were called cattle drivers. A cattle drive usually took several months. Cowboys rode for sixteen hours a day. Because they rode so much, each cowboy brought along about eight horses. A cowboy changed horses several times each day.The cowboys had to make sure that cattle arrived safely. Before starting on a drive, the cowboys branded the cattle. They burned a mark on the cattle to show who they belonged to. But these marks didn’t stop rustlers, or cattle thieves. Cowboys had to protect the cattle from rustlers. Rustlers made the dangerous trip even more dangerous.Even though their work was very difficult and dangerous, cowboys did not earn much money. They were paid badly. Yet cowboys liked their way of life. They lived in a wild and open country. They lived a life of adventure and freedom.11. A cowboy is a symbol of .A. courage and adventureB. a hard life and big payC. movies in the pastD. cows and other cattle12. The cowboys’ job was .A. to be a hero in real lifeB. to be a hero of the movieC. to take care of cattleD. to be a dangerous rustler13. During a cattle driver, cowboys took a group of cows froma wild and open country to .A. the West states and TexasB. the cities of the East StatesC. the people who eat beef in citiesD. the railroad towns hundred miles away14. On their way of cattle drivers, the cowboys protected the cattle by .A. burning a mark on their cowsB. keeping an eye on cattle thievesC. making the trip more dangerousD. looking after eight cows each person15. Cowboys enjoyed themselves because .A. they liked their way of lifeB. they made a lot of moneyC. they had a vary difficult jobD. they were heroes in moviesPassage 4Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:Successful innovations have driven many older technologies to extinction and have resulted in higher productivity, greater consumption of energy, increased demand of raw materials, accelerated flow of materials through the economy and increased quantities of metals and other substances in use each person. The history of industrial development abounds with examples.In 1870, horses and mules were the prime source of power on U.S. farms. One horse or mule was required to support four human beings a ratio that remained almost constant for many decades. At that time, had a national commission been asked to forecast the population for 1970, its answer probably would have depended on whether its consultants were of an economic or technological turn of mind. Had they been “economists”, they would probably have projected the 1970 horses or mulepopulation to be more than 50 million. Had they been “technologists”, they would have recognized that the power of steam had already been harnessed to industry and to learn and ocean transport. They would have recognized further that it would be the prime source of power on the farm. It would have been difficult for them to avoid the conclusion that the horse and mule population would decline rapidly.16. According to the passage, what supplied most of the power on U.S. farms in 1870?A. AnimalsB. HumansC. EnginesD. Water17. Which of the following is NOT mentioned by the author as a consequence of new technological developments?A. Older technologies die away.B. The quality of life is Improved.C. Overall productivity increase.D. More raw materials become necessary.18. It can be inferred from the passage that by 1870 .A. technology began to be more economicalB. the steam engine had been inventedC. the U.S. horse population was about 10 millionD. a national commission was about 10 million19. In the second paragraph, the author suggests that “economists” would .A. plan the economy through yearly forecastsB. fail to consider the influence of technological innovationC. value the economic contribution of farm animalsD. consult the national commission on the economy20. What is the author’s attitude toward changes brought on by technological innovations?A. He is excited about them.B. He accept them as natural.C. He is disturbed by them.D. He questions their usefulness.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:This semester I began to have a series of teacher nightmares, something that had not happened to me for years, not since my first year of teaching when I was in a perpetual state of dread. I would be rushing to get to class on time, trying to gather up notes from a maelstrom of papers on my desk, not certain what subject we were covering today, indeed not even certain what course I was teaching. My heart was pounding. I was late. I would not find my notes. A hundred people were waiting for me in the classroom, their pens poised to take down my every syllable, and I had nothing to say. Them Mr. Winthrop’s big blonde face with those dark eyes would loom at the door of my office, and with that mocking grin, he would say, “Professor, the class is waiting for you,” and I would faint dead onto the floor. Or sometimes in my dream I would make it to the podium (讲台), start to lecture on some aspect of criminal law or causation, only to have Mr. Winthrop raise his hand, and without even waiting to be called upon, presumably ask a question. Presumably because I could not make out his words. I could see his mouth moving underneath his baseball cap, and muffled sounds resounded in my ears, but I could not understand him. All eyes in the classroom were on me, and my students began to laugh, but not Mr. Winthrop. He continued to move his mouth, and I felt as if I was watching TV with the sound off except that my head was all a buzz with the laughter and the shuffling of feet as my students exited in disgust. Again, I ended the nightmare by fainting dead away onto the floor, and then I would wake up, my sheets damp from desperation. It was enough to make a man get out of bed and mix a drink at four in the morning even if he had the eighto’clock class.16. From this passage, it is indicated that .A. the first year of teaching is unforgettable and frightening for me foreverB. nightmares have happened to me more often than not since my first year of teachingC. in my first year of teaching, I was always full of fearsD. as a teacher, I feel uneasy all the time17. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. I was quite clear about the subject I was to deal with before class.B. I would give the lectures on time.C. I prepared the notes carefully before class. However, I forgot to take them with me to the classroom.D. My heart was beating faster and faster before class.18. Mr. Winthrop is .A. a presumable studentB. a baseball loverC. the student who often teases the teacherD. the st udent who answers the teacher’s question in a humorous way19. In my nightmare, it would happen to me except that .A. I sometimes was very calm to see that my students were in disguiseB. when I gave the lecture, Mr. Minthrop was the only student to ask a questionC. I often fall down to the floor losing my consciousness before I woke upD. I would rather wake up to have a good drink in the early morning than have the nightmare20. The tone of this passage is .A. provokingB. sensationalC. desperateD. profoundPart II Vocabulary and Structure (共40小题，每小题1分，共40分)Directions: In this part there are forty incomplete sentences. Each sentence is followed by four choices. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.21. the difficulties associated with the project, we’ll go on with it.A. GivenB. In spite ofC. Thank toD. Because of22. It was almost dark in the streets a few very powerful spotlights.A. excludingB. but forC. exceptD. except for23. today, he would get there by Friday.A. Would he leaveB. If he leavesC. Was he leavingD. Were he to leave24. He gave me some very advice on buying a house.A. preciousB. expensiveC. wealthyD. dear25. His goal is not to become a sportsman, a champion in a certain field.A. but rather becameB. but rather to becomeC. but rather becomingD. but rather to becoming26. I just met her on the way home from the bookstore.A. on purposeB. by accidentC. in accidentD. in case27. I don’t know about him, comment o n him behind his back.A. let aloneB. let goC. leave aloneD. take leave28. My transistor radio is out of order. It .A. need to be repairedB. need repairingC. needs repairingD. needs to repair29. No one could tell us anything about the stranger.A. consciousB. mysteriousC. seriousD. previous30. Mary all foolish comments and kept on working.A. excludedB. ignoredC. deniedD. discharged31. I agree with him , but not entirely.A. until a certain pointB. to some pointC. to some extentD. until a certain extent32. People in some parts of the world often take their water for . they use as much water as they wish.A. grantedB. sureC. certainD. pleasure33. Color-blind people often find it difficult to between blue and green.A. separateB. compareC. contrastD. distinguish34. Thousands of people on the city to welcome the visiting guests.A. turned offB. turned upC. turned outD. turned over35. The mountain place is beautiful, but the working conditions, it’s terrible.A. when mentionedB. when it comes toC. when it is saidD. when it dies to36. Are you spending more money on the space program?A. in favor ofB. by favor ofC. in favor toD. out of favor37.In the of my parents, standards of education in the public school are actually falling.A. ideaB. thoughtC. opinionD. principle38. from space, our earth, with water covering 70% of its surface, appears as a “blue planet”.A. SeeingB. To be seenC. SeenD. having seen39. This year’s total output value of industry and agriculturewill increase 5 percent over last years.A. byB. toC. ofD. with40. Mary is the top student in the class. She studies harder .A. than any studentB. than all the studentsC. than any other studentD. than some other student41. Many people have applied for the position.A. emptyB. bareC. vacantD. blank42. My new shoes cost me 50 yuan (RMB). The price was that the last pair I bought a month ago.A. two time more thanB. twice as much asC. as twiceD. as much as twice43. Almost everyone failed on the first day.A. pass his driver’s testB. to have passed his driver’s testC. to pass his driver’s testD. passing his driver’s test44. Over the traditional festival people visit each other and greetings.A. exchangeB. wishC. congratulateD. present45. It was because he was tired out that he fell asleep standing up.A. publiclyB. openlyC. speciallyD. obviously46. The young man was accused of the lady of her money.A. stealingB. robbingC. takingD. grasping47. No matter where our Party needs us, we will her call.A. give answer forB. respond toC. have response toD. answer to48. It is astonishing that a person of your intelligence be cheated so easily.A. couldB. shouldC. mightD. would49. We were completely when we finally reached the destination.A. worn offB. worn downC. worn outD. worn away50. Many things impossible in the past are common today.A. consideredB. to considerC. consideringD. to be considered51. Not until many years later known.A. was the whole truth becomeB. did the whole truth becomeC. the whole truth becameD. the whole truth had became52. We didn’t know his telephone number, otherwise we him.A. would telephoneB. would have telephonedC. had telephonedD. must have telephoned53. There is no point with him, since he has already made up his mind.A. argueB. to argueC. in arguingD. of arguing54. I appreciate that letter for me.A. you to writeB. your writingC. you writeD. that you writing55. I’d like to a special seat for the connect of May 5.A. serveB. reserveC. preserveD. conserve56. that son is well again, you no longer have anything to worry about.A. SinceB. NowC. WhenD. After57. Generally speaking, all kinds of materials will expand when heated but will when cooled.A. contrastB. contractC. surviveD. return58. You won’t know if it fits you until you it on.A. will tryB. are tryingC. are to tryD. have tried59. After all efforts in vain, he had to accept the result .A. regularlyB. shallowlyC. physicallyD. painfully60. The rest of his life is to the cause of internationalexchanges of visiting scholars.A. addedB. putC. savedD. committedPart III Cloze (共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)Directions: There are twenty blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices. Choose the one that best fits into the passage and then marks your answer on the Answer Sheet.In 1982, Mark Thatcher, the son of Mrs. Thatcher was reported 61 in the Sahara Desert while competing in the Grand Prix motor race from Paris to Dakar. This sad news, so 62 , shook the usually calm and unperturbed seasoned politician 63 her balance. Though she did her best to pretend as if 64 had happened and made her public appearances as usual, people could not 65 to notice that she was no longer the old 66 prime minister who always had everything 67 control. 68 she had become a very sad mother who was unable to recover from her shock.One day, when she was to speak at a luncheon party, a reporter caught her 69 her guard by 70 up the subject of her missing son again. She was totally mentally 71 for the question and lost her self control. Tears were rolling down her eyes as she sobbingly told the reporter that there 72 still no news of Mark and that she was very worried about him. She said that all the countries 73 had promised to do their best to help her find her son. 74 that she broke down completely and sobbed silently for quite a while. Gradually she 75 down and started to speak as 76. it was a very moving scene which 77 a new side of Mrs. Thatcher’s character the publi c do not usually see, 78 people began to talk about the Iron Woman’s maternal love, a sentiment that is 79 to all human kind.Later Mark returned 80 and sound to his mother’s side, good-humored and all smiles as usual, as if nothing unusual had ever happened. The Iron Woman, however, broke down again as was sobbing for the second time.61. A. missing B. missed C. wanting D. wanted62. A. expected B. expecting C. unexpected D. unexpecting63. A. with B. on C. out D. off64. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything65. A. miss B. fail C. pretend D. expect66. A. reassured B. self-assured C. assuring D. self-assuring67. A. for B. beneath C. below D. under68. A. Instead B. however C. Therefore D. So69. A. into B. out of C. on D. off70. A. putting B. bringing C. taking D. giving71. A. ready B. prepared C. unprepared D. unexpected72. A. was B. were C. should be D. would be73. A. concerning B. concerned C. worrying D. worried74. A. At B. Before C. After D. With75. A. sat B. broke C. calmed D. became76. A. planned B. planning C. plans D. a plan77. A. explained B. exposed C. excluded D. exclaimed78. A. however B. instead C. so D. but79. A. universal B. unique C. single D. strange80. A. safe B. safely C. sight D. hearingShopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century. 61 in the 1900s most Americans towns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street was always in the hear of a town. This street was 62 on both sides with many 63 businesses. Here, shoppers talked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, hardware, groceries,64 , some shops offered 65. These shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoe repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops.66 in the 1950s, a change began to 67 . Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street 68 too few parking place ere 69 shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces 70 the city limits. Open space is what their car driving customers needed. And open space is what they got 71 the first shopping center was built. Shopping centers, or rather malls, 72 as a collection of small new stores 73 crowed city centers. 74 by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from 75 areas to outlying malls. And the growing 76 of shopping centers led 77 to the building of bigger and better stocked stores, 78 the late 197s, many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the 79 of one stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks, 80 benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.61A. As early as B. Early C. Early as D. Earlier62. A. built B. designed C. intended D. lined63. A. varied B. various C. sorted D. mixed-up64. A. Apart from B. however C. In addition D. As well65. A. medical care B. food C. cosmetics D. services66. A. Suddenly B. Abruptly C. Contrarily D. But67. A. be taking place B. take place C. be taken place D. have taken place68. A. while B. yet C. though D. and then69. A. available for B. available to C. used by D. ready for70. A. over B. from C. out of D. outside71. A. when B. while C. since D. then72. A. started B. founded C. set up D. organized73. A. out of B. away from C. next to D. near74. A. Attracted B. Surprised C. Delighted D. Enjoyed75. A. inner B. central C. shopping D. downtown76. A. distinction B. fame C. popularity D. liking77. A. on B. in turn C. by turns D. further78. A. by B. During C. In D. Towards79. A. cheapness B. readiness C. convenience D. handiness80. A. because of B. and C. with D. providedPart IV Translation (共35分)Section A (共5小题，每小题4分，共20分)Directions: Translate the following sentences into Chinese. You may refer to the corresponding passages in Part I.81、To cover the marks of the fire, the building was painted white. Before long it became known as the White House. (Passage One)82、The subjects in his experiment were 75 college students. They represented all levels of ability in English: beginning, intermediate, and native-speaking students. (Passage Two)83、Yet cowboys liked their way of life. They lived in a wild and open country. They lived a life of adventure and freedom. (Passage Three)84、One horse or mule was required to support four human beings a ratio that remained almost constant for many decades. (Passage Four)85、It would have been difficult for them to avoid the conclusion that the horse and mule population would decline rapidly. (Passage Four)84、I would be rushing to get to class on time, trying to gather up notes from a maelstrom of papers on my desk, not certain what subject we were covering today, indeed not evencertain what course I was teaching. (Passage Four)85Again, I ended the nightmare by fainting dead away onto the floor, and then I would wake up, my sheets damp from desperation. (Passage Four)Section B (共5小题，每小题3分，共15分)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English.86、现在，重要的是我们每个人都应该知道要做什么，该怎样做。