考研翻译模拟试题两套(含参考答案)

2011年考研翻译模拟试题及参考答案(一)

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments

into Chinese.

A father is busy putting decorations on to the Christmas tree but as quickly

as he puts them on his two-year-old son pulls them off. He is about to put the child in a play pen when his wife suggests that it might make more sense to put the tree

in the play pen and leave the child outside. Instead of keeping the child away from the tree one can keep the tree away from the child. (1)Lateral thinking involves

moving sideways to look at things in a different way. Instead of fixing on one

particular approach and then working forward from that the lateral thinker tries

to find other approaches.

You can not dig a hole in a different place by digging the same hole deeper.

(2)A committee that is convinced that parking meters are the only way to control

city parking will spend its time deciding what meters to use, where to put them and how to patrol them.A lateral thinker would look at other approaches: letting people park anywhere they liked so long as they left their headlights on; giving people

licenses which would allow them to park free in town only one day a week and so

encouraging car sharing; visible licenses that the motorist would pay for if he

wanted to park anywhere in town.

(3)Our thinking traditions are very firmly based on logical thinking in which

we start off with a certain way of looking at things and then see what we can deduce from that. This can be called vertical thinking since it involves building on what

is accepted as traditional. Vertical thinking is for using ideas and lateral thinking is for changing them.

(4)Most of our thinking does not take place at the logical stage but at the

perceptual stage which precedes this. Lateral thinking is to do with changing

perceptions and finding new ways of looking at https://www.360docs.net/doc/9057260.html,teral thinking is the

practical process of creativity. There are various deliberate techniques such as

the use of stepping stones (produced, for instance, by reversing the usual situation). (5)Lateral thinking turns creativity into a tool. In a patterning system such as

the mind provocation is as important as analysis-and more important for changing

ideas.

参考答案

父亲忙着往圣诞树上挂装饰品，刚挂上，两岁的儿子就给扯了下来。他正要把孩子放进游戏围栏里，他的妻子却建议说，也许把圣诞树放在围栏里而让孩子在外面更好些。不让

孩子靠近树，倒不如把树放到孩子够不着的地方。 (1)横向思维就是从侧面换个角度看问题。

进行这种思维的人不是把注意力固定在某一方面上并按此行动而是试试是否还有其他方法。

你把洞挖得再深也不等于你另挖一个洞。(2)如果有一个委员会确信只有使用停车计时

器才能控制市内存车，那么它就会花时间去考虑使用何种计时器，计时器装在何处及如何检

查这些问题。横向思维者则会考虑其他解决办法，如只要人们打开车灯，他们愿把车停在哪

儿都行;发给他们停车许可证，允许他们一周只有一天可在城里免费停车，这样可鼓励人们

合用车;或是发行一种张贴于车窗上的许可证，驾车人买了它就可在城里任何地方停车。

(3)我们传统的思考方式牢固建立在逻辑推理上。我们往往从某一角度考察问题，然后

看看从中能推断出什么。这种方式可称为纵向思维，因为它以公认为确立的东西做基础。纵向思维倾向于利用已有观念而横向思维倾向于改变观念。

(4)我们思考问题往往不是处于理性阶段，而是理性阶段之前的感性阶段。横向思维要

改变观念，找到观察问题的新方法。横向思维是进行创造的时间过程。有各种考虑问题的方法，如利用垫脚石(举个例子，把通常情况反过来考虑)。(5)横向思维把创造力变成一种工具。在像大脑这样按固定方式工作的系统里，刺激和分析一样重要 --在改变观念上，刺激

更为重要。

2011年考研翻译模拟试题及参考答案(二)

By now, just about everyone has heard of string theory. Even those who don’t really understand it-which is to say, just about everyone-know tha t it’s the hottest thing in theoretical physics.

But despite its extraordinary popularity among some of the smartest people on the

planet, string theory hasn’t been embraced by everyone-and now, nearly 30 years

after it made its initial splash, some of the doubters are becoming more vocal.

Skeptical bloggers have become increasingly critical of the theory.

(1)Mathematician Peter Woit and Professor Lee Smolin both argue that string theory (or superstring theory, as it is also know) is largely a fad propped up by

practitioners who tend to be arrogantly dismissive of anyone who dare suggest that the emperor has no clothes.

There were good reasons for the theory’s appeal when it first emerged in the late

1970s and early 1980s. At the time, physicists found themselves facing a crisis：The two most important ideas of 20th century physics, relativity and quantum theory were known to be fundamentally incompatible. Quantum theory describes the universe as intrinsically discontinuous: energy, for example, can come in bits just so small, but no smaller. Relativity treats time and space and gravity as a smooth, unbroken continuum. Each theory has its purpose, and the usually don’t overlap.(2)But when dealing with large masses or time periods that are infinitesimally small, like the core of a black hole or the first moments after the Big Bang, neither quite works.

So lots of physicists began working on string theory.

Since then, however, superstrings have proved a lot more complex than anyone expected. The mathematics is extremely tough, and when problems arise, the solutions often

introduce yet another layer of complexity. (3)Complexity isn’t necessarily the kiss of death in physics, but in this case the new, improved theory posits a nearly

infinite number of different possible universes, with no way of showing that ours

is more likely than any of the others.

That lack of specificity hasn’t slowed down t he string folks. Maybe, they’ve argued, there really are an infinite number of universes-an idea that’s currently in fa shion among s ome astronomers as well-and some v ersion of the theory describes each of them. That means a ny prediction, however outlandish, has chance of being valid for at least one universe, and no prediction, however sensible, might be valid for all of them.

However, it is that absence of proof that is perhaps most damning. (4)Physicists

have a tolerance for theory；indeed， unless you were there to witness a phenomenon yourself-the Big Bang, say-it will always be, at some level, hypothetical. But the slow accretion of data and evidence eventually eliminates reasonable doubt. Not

so-or at least not yet-with strings.

It’s true that nobody has any good idea of how to test string theory, but who’s

to say someone won’t wake up tomorrow morning and think of one? (5)The reason so many people keep working on it is that, whatever its flaws, the theory is still more promising than any other approach we have.

参考答案

迄今为止，几乎每个人都听说过弦理论。即使那些并不真正了解这个问题的人--也就是说，几乎每个人--都知道这一理论是理论物理学中最热门话题。

尽管弦理论在地球上一部分最聪明的人中极为流行，但它并未为所有人接受--如今距其问世之初的轰动已近30年，怀疑论者也日益直言。持怀疑态度的博客们越来越多地批评这一理

论。(1)数学家彼得·沃特和李·斯莫林教授都认为，弦理论（有时也被称为超弦理论）很

大程度上是被一群自命不凡、总是鄙视那些敢于怀疑皇帝新衣的人们鼓吹起来的流行时尚。

弦理论在20世纪70年代末至80年代初刚刚面世时具有吸引力，有其充足的理由。当时，

物理学家们发现自己面临着一个危机：相对论和量子论这两个20世纪物理学最重要的理论，

当时被认为是从根本上不相容的。量子论把宇宙描述为本质是不连续的，比如能量可以以很

小的单位元出现，但不能更小。相对论则将时间、空间及重力看作光滑、不可分割的连续统

一体。两个理论各有其目的，通常它们互不交迭。(2)但是在研究大质量物质或无限小的时

间段时，比如，对黑洞的核或者是宇宙大爆炸后的最初时刻，二者都不能完美地加以解释。

于是很多物理学家便开始了对弦理论的研究。

然而，从那时起，超弦理论被证明比人们预料的更为复杂。数学上的求证极其艰难，而当问

题出现时，研究结论又往往引出另一层复杂的问题。(3)在物理学中，复杂不一定就不好；

但对于超弦理论而言，这种新改进的理论假定存在着几乎无限多的、各种可能的宇宙，但是，又没有办法证明我们的这个宇宙比其他的更为真实可信。

虽然缺乏特色，但却并没有使那些"弦人"(弦理论家及其追随者)的步伐放慢。他们认为，也许真有无限多个宇宙存在--这一观点在部分天文学家中也同样流行--并且弦理论的某种说

法阐述了其中的每个宇宙。这意味着，无论怎样怪异，任何一种预测，都有可能对至少一个

宇宙是正确的;与此同时，无论怎样合理，没有一种预测对所有宇宙都是正确的。

缺乏实验证明也许是弦理论最致命之处。(4)物理学家们对于学说有相当的容忍度；事实上，除非你亲临目击了一个独特事件--比如说，宇宙大爆炸--它在一定程度上永远是一个假设。

然而，随着资料和证据的逐渐增多，合理的怀疑最终将被消除。但弦理论却不是如此，或者说至少现在不是这样。

确实，怎样检验弦理论，现在没有什么好主意，但是谁又能说某人明早醒来时不会想出一个

好主意呢?(5)之所以有如此众多的人从事其研究，其原因在于，无论弦理论有着怎样的瑕疵，比起我们所有的任何其他探索途径，弦理论仍然是目前最有前景的学说。