常用语言学术语
常用语言学词汇表
abbreviation缩写法
acculturation语言文化移入
acoustic phonetics声学语言学
acronym词首字母缩略词
address term称谓语
addresser发话人
addressee受话人
adjacency毗邻
Adjacency Condition毗邻条件
Adjacency Parameter毗邻参数
Affix词缀
Affixation加词缀法
Affricate塞擦音
Afroasiatic非亚语系
agreement rule一致关系规则
allophone音位变体
alveolar齿龈音
alveolus齿龈
angular gyrus角形脑回
antonymy反义现象
antonym反以词
apocope词尾音脱落
aphasia失语症
aphasic失语症患者
applied linguistics应用语言学arbitrariness任意性
argument论元
articulatory phonetics发音语音学articulatory variable发音变项
aspiration送气
assimilation同化
approximation近似化
auditory phonetics听觉语音学Austronesian…语系
Babbling咿呀学语
back-formation逆向构词法
back vowel后元音
Behaviorism行为主义
Behaviorist learning theory行为主义学习理论Behaviorist Psychology行为主义心理学Bilabial双唇音
Bilingualism双语现象
Black English黑人英语
Blending混合法
Borrowing借用
bound morpheme黏着语素
brain lateralization大脑左右半球侧化branching node分叉点
broad transcription宽式音标Broca’s area布罗卡区
caretaker speech保姆语
case格
Case Condition格条件
case marking格标志
causative verb使役动词
central vowel中元音
cerebral cortex大脑皮层
cerebral plasticity大脑弹性
channel渠道
classical language古典语言
clipping略写法
closed class word封闭类词
code代码
code-switching代码切换
cognate同源词
co-hyponyms并列下义词
coinage创新词
color word色彩词
combinational rule组合规则commissives承诺类词communicative competence交际能力comparative reconstruction比较重建法competence语言能力
complement补语
complement construction补足语complementarity互补性反义现象complementary distribution互补分布complex sentence复合句componential analysis成分分析法components of meaning意义成分compound word复合词compounding复合法computational linguistics计算语言学concept概念
conceptualist view意念观consonant辅音
constituent成分
constituent structure成分结构constraint制约
construction结构
content word实词
context语境;上下文contextualism语境论Contrastive Analysis对比分析法conversational implicature会话含义co-operative principle合作原则coordinate sentence并列句creativity创造性
critical period关键期;临界期cultural transmission文化传播declaration宣告类
deep structure深层结构
dental齿音
derivation派生法
derivational morpheme派生语素derivative派生词
descriptive linguistics描写语言学design feature识别特征determiner限定词
diachronic linguistics历时语言学diacritics变音符号
dialect方言
dialectal synonym方言同义词dichotic listening test两耳分听测试diglossia双言现象
diphthong复合元音Directionalilty Parameter方位参数Directives指令类
Displacement不受时空限制的特性distinctive feature区别性特征
D-structure深层结构
duality of structure结构二重性e double articulation结构二重性embedded clause嵌入句
emotive meaning表情意义entailment含义
entity实体
epenthesis插入音
Error Analysis错误分析法euphemism委婉语
evaluative meaning评价意义
expressives表达类
factive predicate叙述性谓词
family tree谱系树
feature symbol特征标记
features of meaning意义特征
finite clause 限定小句
finite verb限定动词
formalize形式化
fossilization语言僵化
framework框架
free morpheme自由语素
fricative擦音
front vowel前元音
function word虚词
functional shift功能性转换
functor element起功能作用成分
gender性
Generative Grammar生成语法
Generative Semantics生成语义学
genetic predisposition基因先天条件
genetic relationship亲缘关系
glide滑音
glottal喉音
glottis声门
gradable antonym/opposites可分等级的反义词grammaticality语法性
grammatical meaning语法意义
Great V owel Shift元音大变位
hard palate硬腭
head 中心词，核心词
hemispheric dominance for language大脑半球的语言优势hierarchical structure层次结构
high variety高层次变体
historical comparative linguistics历史比较语言学historical linguistics历史语言学
holophrastic sentence独词句
homography同形
homonymy同音异义；同形异义
homophony同音异义
hyponymy下义关系
hyponym下义词
idiolect个人语言特点
illocutionary act言外形为
inconsistency自相矛盾
Indo-European印欧语系
infinitive marker不定式标记
inflection曲折变化
inflectional morpheme曲折语素
input输入
instrumental motivation工具性学习动机
intake接受
integrative motivation介入性学习动机interference干扰
interlanguage中介语，语际语
internalize内在化
International Phonetic Alphabet国际音标interpersonal communication人际交际intonation 语调
intuition 直觉
labeled (unlabeled) tree diagram加标记树形图labial唇音
LAD 语言习得机制Language Acquisition Device language acquisition语言习得
language behavior语言行为
language center语言中枢
language faculty语言机制
language family语系
language perception语言感知
language planning语言规划
language variation语言变异
larynx喉
lax vowel松元音
level层；平面
level of language语言层次
lexical category词类
lexical structure词汇结构
lexicology词汇学
lexicon词汇
linear structure线性结构
linguistic competence语言能力
linguistic determinism语言决定论
linguistic lateralization语言侧化
linguistic performance语言运用
linguistic relativism语言相对论
linguistic repertoire全部语言知识
linguistic taboo禁忌语
linguistics语言学
liquid流音
loan word外来词
localization定位
locutionary act言内行为
low variety低层次语言变体
manner of articulation发音方法
matrix clause主句
maxim of manner方式准则
maxim of quality质量准则
maxim of quantity数量准则
maxim of relation关联准则
meaning意义
meaningfulness有意义
meaning relation意义关系
mentalism心理主义
mentalistic theory精神论
message信息
metathesis语音变位
Middle English中世纪英语
minimal pair最小对立对
Modern English现代英语Monophthong单元音
Morpheme词素
morphlogical rule形态学规则morphology形态学
mother tongue母语
Move α移动α规则
movement rule移位规则
naming theory命名论
narrow transcription严式音标
narrowing of meaning词义缩小
nasal cavity鼻腔
nasality鼻音化
nasalize鼻音化
natural route of development自然发展轨道negator否定词
neurolinguist神经语言学家
neuron神经元
no-place predication空位述谓结构
object宾语
Old English古英语
one-place predication一位述谓结构optimum age最佳学习年龄
oral cavity口腔
overextension扩展过度overgeneralization概括过度
overt thought有声思维
palatal腭音
paralinguistic副语言学的parameter参数
performance语言运用performance error语言运用错误perlocutionary act言后行为pharyngeal cavity咽腔
phone音素
phoneme音位
phonemic contrast音位对立phonetic feature语音特征
phonetics语音学
phonological rule音位规则phonology音位学
phrasal category词组类
phrase structure rule短语结构规则pidgin洋泾浜语
place of articulation发音部位
plosive爆破音
polysemy多义性
postpone后移
prepose前移
postvocalic元音后的
pragmatics语用学
predicate谓语
predication述谓结构
predication analysis述谓结构分析prefix前缀
presprictive (grammar)规定语法presupposition前提
proposition命题
prepositional content命题内容protolanguage原始语psycholinguistics心理语言学puberty青春期
qualifying predication修饰性述谓结构Received Pronunciation标准发音Recursiveness循环性
Reference所指语义
referring expression所指名词register语域
relational opposites关系反义词representation表达；呈现representatives阐述类
response反应
retroflex卷舌音
rewrite rule重写规则
rounded vowel圆唇元音
SAE标准美国英语
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis 萨皮尔-沃尔夫假设second language acquisition第二语言习得segment切分成分
semantic anomaly语义异体
semantic deviation语义变异
semantic broadening语义广义化semantic narrowing语义狭义化
semantic shift语义演变
semantics语义学
semantic structure语义结构
semantic triangle语义三角
sense意义
sequential rule序列规则
setting背景；环境
sexist language性别歧视语
sibilant咝音
simple sentence简单句
Sino-Tibetan汉藏语系
situational dialect语域方言
sociolect社会方言
sociolinguistics社会语言学
soft palate软腭
species-specific capacity物种特有能力specifier指示语
spectrograph频谱仪
speech act言语行为
speech community言语社区
speech variety言语变体
S-structure表层结构
standard language标准语
stem词干
stimulus刺激
stop爆破音
stress重音
structural constituency结构成分性structural linguistics结构主义语言学
subject主语
subordinate predication主从述谓性结构
subscript下标
subvocal predication无声言语
suffix后缀
superordinate上坐标词
suprasegmental feature超切分特征
surface structure表层结构
synchronic linguistics共时语言
synonymy同义词
syntactic ambiguity句法歧义
syntactic category句法类型
syntactic rule句法规则
syntax句法
taboo word禁忌词
target language目标语
tautology同义反复
teeth ridge齿龈隆骨
telegraphic speech电报式言语
tense and aspect时和体
tense vowel紧元音
tone音调；声调
tone language声调语言
topic话题；主题
transfer转移
Transformational-Generative Grammar转换生成语法transformational rule转换规则
tree diagram树形图
two-place predication双位述谓结构
unaspirated不送气
underextension扩展不足
Universal Grammar普遍语法
Utterance话语
utterance meaning话语意义
uvula小舌
validity有效性
variable变项
velar软腭音
velum软腭
vernacular本地话；本国语
vocal cord声带
voiced浊音化的
voiceless不带音的，清音的
voicing带音化，浊音化
vowel元音
Wernicke’s area韦尼克区widening of meaning词义扩大X-bar theory X标杆理论
英语语言学名词
现代语言学 一绪论 1 Linguisitics: 语言学Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language 2 Phonetics: 语音学The study of sounds which are used in linguistics communication is called phonetics. For example, vowels and consonants 元音、辅音、声调、重音以及节奏、音变 3 Phonology: 音韵学The study of how sounds are put together and used in communication is called phonology. For example, phone, phoneme, and allophone. 4 Morphology: 形态学The study of the way in which morphemes are arranged to form words is called morphology. For example, boy and “ish”---boyish, teach---teacher. 5 Syntax: 句法学The study of how morphemes and words are combined to form sentences is called syntax. For example, ”John like linguistics.” 6 Semantics: 语义学The study of meaning in language is called semantics. For example: “The seal could not be found. The zoo keeper became worried. The seal could not be found, The king became worried.” Here the word seal means different things. 同义词、反义词，同音词 7 Pragmatics: 语用学The study of meaning in context of use is called pragmatics. For example, “I do” The word do means different context.在特定情景中的特定话语，研究如何通过语境来理解和使用语言。 8 Sociolinguistics: 社会语言The study of language with reference to society is called sociolinguistics. For example:regional dialects, social variation in language.
语言学名词解释(20200524011933)
语言学名词解释 Define the following terms: 1. design feature:are features that define our human languages,such as arbitrariness,duality,creativity,displacement,cultural transmission,etc. 2. function: the use of language tocommunicate,to think ,https://www.360docs.net/doc/906834850.html,nguage functions inclucle imformative function,interpersonal function,performative function,interpersonal function,performative function,emotive function,phatic communion,recreational function and metalingual function. 3. etic: a term in contrast with emic which originates from American linguist Pike’s distinction of phonetics and phonemics.Being etic mans making far too many, as well as behaviously inconsequential,differentiations,just as was ofter the case with phonetic vx.phonemic analysis in linguistics proper. 4. emic: a term in contrast with etic which originates from American linguist Pike’s distinction of phonetics and phonemics.An emic set of speech acts and events must be one that is validated as meaningful via final resource to the native members of a speech communith rather than via qppeal to the investigator’s ingenuith or intuition alone. 5. synchronic: a kind of description which takes a fixed instant(usually,but not necessarily,the present),as its point of observation.Most grammars are of this kind. 6. diachronic:study of a language is carried through the course of its history. 7. prescriptive: the study of a language is carried through the course of its history. 8. prescriptive: a kind of linguistic study in which things are prescribed how ought to be,https://www.360docs.net/doc/906834850.html,ying down rules for language use. 9. descriptive: a kind of linguistic study in which things are just described. 10. arbitrariness: one design feature of human language,which refers to the face that the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning. 11. duality: one design feature of human language,which refers to the property of having two levels of are composed of elements of the secondary.level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization. 12. displacement: one design feature of human language,which means human language enable their users to symbolize objects,events and concepts which are not present c in time and space,at the moment of communication. 13. phatic communion: one function of human language,which refers to the social interaction of language. 14. metalanguage: certain kinds of linguistic signs or terms for the analysis and description of particular studies. 15. macrolinguistics: he interacting study between language and language-related disciplines such as psychology,sociology,ethnograph,science of law and artificial intelligence etc.Branches of macrolinguistics include
英汉语言学词汇对照表
英汉语言学词汇对照表 abbreviation ablative abrupt accent accusative acoustic phonetics acquisition action verb active active chart parser active knowledge active verb actor-action-goal actualization acute address adequacy adjacency pair adjective adjunct adjunction adverb adverbial idiom affective affirmative affix affixation affricate agent agentive-action verb agglutinative agreement AI (artificial intelligence) AI language Algebraic Linguistics algorithm alienable alignment allo- allomorph allophone alpha notation alphabetic writing alternation 缩写[省略语 ] 夺格 (的) 突发音 口音 /{Phonetics} 重音 受格（的） 声学语音学 习得 动作动词 主动语态 活动图句法剖析程序 主动知识 主动动词 施事 (者)-动作 -目标 实现 (化) 锐音 地址 { 信息科学 }/ 称呼（语） { 语言学 } 妥善性 邻对 形容词 附加语[ 附加修饰语 ] 加接 副词 副词词组 影响的 肯定（的；式） 词缀 加缀 塞擦音 施事 施事动作动词 胶着（性） 对谐 人工智能[人工智能 ] 人工智能语言[人工智能语言 ] 代数语言学 算法[算法 ] 可分割的 对照 [多国语言文章词；词组；句子翻译的 ] 同位 - 同位语素 同位音位 alpha 标记 拼音文字 交替
系统功能语言学英汉对照术语表
系统功能语言学英汉术语对照表 作者：翁素贤提供 转贴自：摘自《系统功能语言学多维思考》 您要打印的文件是：系统功能语言学英汉术语对照表 打印本文 系统功能语言学英汉术语对照表 ―――摘自《系统功能语言学多维思考》 A Abitliy 能力 Actor 施动者 Addressee 受话者 Addresser 发话者 Agent 施事 Anaphoric 指前的 Antonym 反义词 Antonymy 反义意义 Autonomy 自治性 B Behavior 行为 Behavioral process 行为过程 Beneficiary 受益者 C Cataphoric 指后的 Categorical 绝对的 Categorization 范畴化 Central token 中心标志 Chain 链 Channel 渠道 Choice 选择 Clause 小句 Clause as theme 句项主位 Cleft sentence 分裂句 Closed system 封闭系统 Coclassisfication 相互区分
Coextension相互扩展Coherence连贯 Cohesion链接 Cohesive chain链接链Cohesive tie链接纽带Cohyponym共同下义词Collocation搭配Collocational chain搭配链Comeronym共同局部关系词Command命令 Comment述题 Competence（语言）能力Complementarity互补性Congruence一致性Conjunction连接，连词Consonant辅音 Consonant grammar协和语法Constructivism构建主义Context语境，上下文Context of culture文化语境Context of situation情境语境Continuity连续体Continuum连续体Conventional meaning常规意义Coocurrence同现Cooperative principle合作原则Coordination并列Coreference相互对应Correspondence对应 Critical linguistics批评语言学Cross-coupling交互匹配 D Decategorization非范畴化Declarative陈述的 Delicacy精密度 Dialect方言 Dialectal variety方言变体Diatypic variety功能变体Didactic教导性的 Direct speech act直接言语行为Discontinuity脱节，间断性Discourse话语 Discourse analysis话语分析
语言学专业英语词汇
英语专业八级语言学总结来源：谢萌Fighting的日志 一、语言和语言学 1、语言的区别性特征：Design of features of language 任意性arbitrariness 指语言符号和它代表的意义没有天然的联系 二重性duality 指语言由两层结构组成 创造性creativity 指语言可以被创造 移位性displacement 指语言可以代表时间和空间上不可及的物体、时间、观点 2、语言的功能（不是很重要） 信息功能informative 人际功能interpersonal 施为功能performative 感情功能emotive function 寒暄功能phatic communication 娱乐功能recreational function 元语言功能metalingual function 3、语言学主要分支 语音学phonetics 研究语音的产生、传播、接受过程，考查人类语言中的声音 音位学phonology 研究语音和音节结构、分布和序列 形态学morphology 研究词的内部结构和构词规则 句法学syntax 研究句子结构，词、短语组合的规则 语义学semantics 不仅关心字词作为词汇的意义，还有语言中词之上和之下的意义。如语素和句子的意义 语用学pragmatics 在语境中研究意义 4、宏观语言学macrolingustics 心理语言学psycholinguistics 社会语言学sociolinguistics 人类语言学anthropological li nguistics 计算机语言学computational linguistics 5语言学中的重要区别 规定式和描写式：规定式：prescriptive说明事情应该是怎么样的 描写式：descriptive 说明事情本来是怎么样的 共时研究和历时研究：共时：synchronic 研究某个特定时期语言 历时：diachronic 研究语言发展规律 语言和言语：语言：langue指语言系统的整体 言语：parole指具体实际运用的语言 语言能力和语言运用：乔姆斯基(chomsky提出) 能力：competence用语言的人的语言知识储备 运用：performance 真实的语言使用者在实际中的语言使用 二、语音学 1、语音学分支 发音语音学articulatory phonetics研究语言的产生 声学语言学acoustic phonetics 研究语音的物理属性 听觉语音学auditory phonetics 研究语言怎样被感知 2 IPA（国际音标）是由daniel Jones琼斯提出的 三、音位学
胡壮麟语言学术语英汉对照翻译表-(1)(DOC)
胡壮麟语言学术语英汉对照翻译表 1. 语言的普遍特征： 任意性arbitrariness 双层结构duality 既由声音和意义结构 多产性productivity 移位性displacement:我们能用语言可以表达许多不在场的东西 文化传播性cultural transmission 2。语言的功能： 传达信息功能informative 人济功能：interpersonal 行事功能：Performative 表情功能：Emotive 寒暄功能：Phatic 娱乐功能recreatinal 元语言功能metalingual 3. 语言学linguistics：包括六个分支 语音学Phonetics 音位学phonology 形态学Morphology 句法学syntax 语义学semantics 语用学pragmatics 4. 现代结构主义语言学创始人：Ferdinand de saussure 提出语言学中最重要的概念对之一：语言与言语language and parole ，语言之语言系统的整体，言语则只待某个个体在实际语言使用环境中说出的具体话语 5. 语法创始人：Noam Chomsky 提出概念语言能力与语言运用competence and performance 1. Which of the following statements can be used to describe displacement. one of the unique properties of language: a. we can easily teach our children to learn a certain language b. we can use both 'shu' and 'tree' to describe the same thing. c. we can u se language to refer to something not present d. we can produce sentences that have never been heard befor e. 2.What is the most important function of language? a. interpersonal b. phatic c. informative d.metallingual 3.The function of the sentence "A nice day, isn't it ?"is __ a informative b. phatic c. directive d. performative
《英语语言学》术语(英汉对照)表
语言学术语（英-汉对照）表 Glossary and Index (备注：因教材改版，部分章节标注等内容有出入。) A abbreviation 缩写词，略语3.3.1 Abercrombie 10.3.2 ablative 夺格，离格4.1.1 abstractness 抽象性1.3.2 accent 重音（符）2.4.4；2.4.5 accuracy 正确性11.6.4 accusative 宾格4.1.1 achievement test 成绩测试11.6.3 acoustic phonetics 声学语音学1.7.1；2.1 acquisition 习得6.1.2 acronym 缩略语3.3.1 action process 动作过程12.2.3 actor 动作者4.4.2；12.2.3 addition 添加3.3.2 address form 称呼形式7.2.3 addressee 受话人1.4；9.4.1 addresser 发话人1.4；9.4.1 adjective 形容词3.1.2；4.1.1；5.5.2 adjunct 修饰成分；附加语12.2.3 adverb 副词3.1.2 affix 词缀3.2.1 affix hopping 词缀跳跃4.3.1 affixation词缀附加法7.1.4 affricate 塞擦音2.4.3；2.4.5；2.9.1 agreement 一致关系4.1.3 airstream 气流2 alliteration 头韵9.3.2；9.3.6 allomorph 词/语素变体3.2.4；4.3.1 allophone 音位变体2.8
语言学专业词汇
A AcS (actor Subject), ReS (Receptor Subject) and DaS (dative vesubject) P85 Active deposit 活性沉积P393 adaptability制宜原则P39 adjustment 调整P135 AdjMr：Ajective Modifier 定语修饰语P19 Affixing morpheme of fixed position 定位性附加语素P342 Affixation 缀合法P29 All encompassing 无所不包P ix Aphasic 失语症患者P386 ApoP 同位短语式P188 Approximative system 近似体系P58 arbitrariness任意性; selectiveness 选择性P181 Aspect 体（tentative尝试体, inchoative开始体, successive继续体, perfect完成体, progressive 进行体）P114 Autonomy 自主权P53 B backshift后移P370/372 bilingualism 双语学P522 Blending 拼缀法P29 Bottom-up perception自下而上的感知，top-down perception自上而下的感知P493 C Cart Fames1980 对比分析P x circulativeness 周遍性P86 categorization范畴化, grouping 归为类P487 category word 范畴词P418/474/513 cleft sentence 分裂句P230 cognate equivalence同源对应P134/468，词根对应P478 cognitive schema认知图示P386 Cohesion 粘着性P62 Cohesion and coherence接应与连贯P74 Cohesive tie 联结关系接应词，additive 增补连接词，adversative 对比连接词，causal conjunction因果连接词，temporal conjunction 时间连接词P436 Combination (虚词功能)组合P452 Total combination完全结合，formal combination形式结合P464 Common value （语言）共同价值；special value 特征价值P47 Complement 补语P126Composition 合成法P29 Compactness of meaningful morpheme有义语素结合紧密度P299 Compressed predicate 紧缩式谓语P120 Compound （汉语）合成词P443 Conversion 转化法P29 Constant 常数（ie. tertium comparationis中间比较项）；variable变数；tertium 中间项P50
100个最常用的语言学术语(欧美语言学)
100个最常用的语言学术语（“欧美语言学”课） 1.语言language 2.语言学linguistics 3.语言学家linguist；philologist 4.语法grammar 5.语法单位grammatical unit 6.语法形式grammatical form 7.语法意义grammatical meaning 8.语法手段grammatical device 9.语法范畴grammatical category 10.元音vowel 11.辅音consonant 12.语文学philology 13.传统语法traditional grammar 14.历史比较语言学historical comparative linguistics 15.转换生成语法transformational generative grammar 16.结构主义语言学structural linguistics 17.应用语言学applied linguistic 18.方言dialect 19.语言教学language teaching 20.语言规划language planning 21.语言政策language policy 22.语言学习策略language learning strategy 23.发现程序discovery procedure 24.语境context；language environment 25.中介语interlanguage 26.音位phoneme 27.音节syllable 28.语素morpheme 29.词法morphology 30.句法syntax 31.交际法communicative approach 32.认知cognition 33.习得acquisition 34.第二语言second language 35.第二语言习得second language acquisition （SLA） 36.自由语素free morpheme 37.黏着语素bound morpheme 38.复合词compound word 39.普遍语法universal grammar，UG 40.词类part of speech
语言学名词解释
Define the following terms: 1. Linguistics: Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. 2. Phonology: The study of how sounds are put together and used in communication is called phonology. 3. Syntax: The study of how morphemes and words are combined to form sentences is called syntax. . 4. Pragmatics: The study of meaning in context of use is called pragmatics. 5. Psycholinguistics: The study of language with reference to the workings of mind is called psycholinguistics. 6. Language: Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. 7. Phonetics: The study of sounds which are used in linguistic communication is called phonetics. 8. Morphology: The study of the way in which morphemes are arranged to form words is called morphology. 9. Semantics: The study of meaning in language is called semantics. 10. Sociolinguistics: The study of language with reference to society is called sociolinguistics. 11. Applied linguistics: In a narrow sense, applied linguistics refers to the application of linguistic principles and theories to language teaching and learning, especially the teaching of foreign and second languages. In a broad sense, it refers to the application of linguistic findings to the solution of practical problems such as the recovery of speech ability. 12. Arbitrariness: It is one of the design features of language. It means that there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds 13. Productivity: Language is productive or creative in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users. 14. Displacement: Displacement means that language can be used to refer to things which are present or not present, real or imagined matters in the past, present, or future, or in far-away places. In other words, language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker 15. Duality: The duality nature of language means that language is a system, which consists of two sets of structure, or two levels, one of sounds and the other of meanings. 16. Design features: Design features refer to the defining properties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication 17. Competence: Chomsky defines competence as the ideal user's knowledge of the rules of his language, 18. Performance: performance is the actual realization of the knowledge of the rules in linguistic communication. 19. Langue : Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community; Langue is the set of conventions and rules which language users all have to follow; Langue is relatively stable, it does not change frequently 20. Parole: Parole refers to the realization of langue in actual use; parole is the concrete use of the conventions and the application of the rules; parole varies from person to person, and from situation to situation.45. phonology: Phonology studies the system of sounds of a particular language; it aims to discover how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication. 21. phoneme: The basic unit in phonology is called phoneme; it is a unit of distinctive value. But
胡壮麟语言学术语表
第一章语言学导论 phonology音系学grammar语法学morphology形态学syntax句法学lexicology词汇学general linguistics普通语言学theoretical linguistics 理论语言学historical linguistics历史语言学descriptive linguistics描写语言学empirical linguistics经验语言学dialectology方言学anthropology人类学stylistics文体学signifier能指signified所指morphs形素morphotactics语素结构学/形态配列学syntactic categories 句法范畴syntactic classes句法类别序列sub-structure低层结构super-structure上层结构open syllable开音节closed syllable闭音节checked syllable成阻音节rank 等级level层次ding-dong theory/nativistic theory本能论sing-song theory唱歌说yo-he-ho theory 劳动喊声说pooh-pooh theory感叹说ta-ta theory模仿说animal cry theory/bow-wow theory模声说Prague school布拉格学派Bilateral opposition双边对立Mutilateral opposition多边对立Proportional opposition部分对立Isolated opposition孤立对立Private opposition表缺对立Graded opposition渐次对立Equipollent opposition均等对立Neutralizable opposition可中立对立Constant opposition恒定对立Systemic-functional grammar系统功能语法Meaning potential意义潜势Conversational implicature会话含义Deictics指示词Presupposition预设Speech acts言语行为Discourse analysis话语分析Contetualism语境论Phatic communion寒暄交谈Metalanguage原语言Applied linguistics 应用语言学Nominalism唯名学派Psychosomatics身学 第二章语音 trachea/windpipe气管tip舌尖blade舌叶/舌面front舌前部center舌中部top舌顶back舌后部dorsum舌背root舌跟pharynx喉/咽腔laryngeals喉音laryngealization喉化音vocal cords声带vocal tract声腔initiator启动部分pulmonic airstream mechanism肺气流机制glottalic airstream mechanism喉气流机制velaric airstream mechanism腭气流机制Adam’s apple喉结Voiceless sound清音Voiceless consonant请辅音Voiced sound浊音Voiced consonant浊辅音Glottal stop喉塞音Breath state呼吸状态Voice state带音状态Whisper state耳语状态Closed state 封闭状态Alveolar ride齿龈隆骨Dorsum舌背Ejective呼气音Glottalised stop喉塞音Impossive内爆破音Click/ingressive吸气音Segmental phonology音段音系学Segmental phonemes音段音位
语言学术语翻译及术语解释
术语翻译及术语解释汇总 术语翻译 1. Design features of Ianguage （语言的甄别特征） Arbitrariness （任意性），Duality （二层性 /二重性），Creativity （创造性 /原创性）， Displacement （移位性）,Cultural transmission （文化传播）， Interchangeability （可 互换性） 2. Functions of language referential 指称功能 poetic 诗学功 能 conative 劝慰功能 phatic 寒暄功 能 ideational function 概念功能 textual function 语篇 /文本功能 Performative Function （施为功 能）， Phatic communion （寒暄交 谈）， 3. Phonetics 语音学）， Morphology （形态学） ， Semantics （语义学）， Articulatory phonetics 发音语音学 Auditory phonetics 听觉语音学 Socioli nguistics 社会语言学 Computational linguistics 计算语言 学 Neurolinguistics 神经语言学 emotive 情感功能 metalingual function 元语言功能 in terpers onal function 人际功能 Informative （信息 /告知功能）， Emotive Function （情感功能） ， Recreational Function （娱乐功能）， Pho no logy （音系/音位学）； Syntax （句法学）； Pragmatics （语用学） Acoustic pho netics 声学语音学 Psycholi nguistics 心理语言学 Anthropological linguistics 人类语言学 Applied linguistics 应用语言学4. Descriptive vs. prescriptive 描写式和规定式 Synchronic vs. diachr onic 共时和历时 Lan gue vs. parole 语言和言语 Compete nee vs. performa nce§言能力和语言行为 5. Vocal tract 声道 （res on at ing cavities 共鸣腔），phary nx 咽腔,oral cavity 口腔 and n asal cavity 鼻腔. 其它的一些发音器官：lungs 肺,windpipe （trachea ）气管，vocal folds 声带, larynx 喉,epiglottis 会厌，次声门,pharynx 咽,uvula 小舌,hard palate 硬腭, soft palate 软腭,alveolar ridge 齿龈 6. Consonants and vowels （辅音和元音） A. Manners of articulation 发音方式 B. Places of articulation 发音位置 7. Stop （or plosive ）爆破音 Fricative 摩擦音 Approximant 近似音 Lateral （approximant ）边音 Affricates 塞擦音,trill 颤音 and tap 闪音 Bilabial 双唇音 Labiodental 唇齿音 Dental 齿音 Postal veolar 后齿龈音 Retroflex 卷舌音 Velar 软腭音 Uvular 小舌音, pharyngeal 咽音 monophthong vowel: 单元音 diphthongs 双元音 Lax vowels 短元音 Tensed vowels 长元音 8. Coarticulation and phonetic transcription 协同发音和标音 anticipatory coarticulation 先期协同发音 perseverative coarticulation 后滞协同发音. broad tran scriptio n 宽式标音 narrow tran scripti on 严式标音 9. minimal pairs 最小对立体 Phoneme 音位 phon emic tran scripti ons 音位转写 phon etic tran scripti ons 语音转写 phones 音子 alloph ones 音位变体 compleme ntary distributi on 互补分布 Alveolar 齿龈音 Palatal 硬腭音 glottal 声门音 triphthongs 三元 音