英语专业英译汉第五章翻译技巧2
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英语专业英译汉第五章翻译技巧2
第五章 翻译技巧2
词类转译法 Conversion
在英译汉过程中，有些句子可以逐词对译， 有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达方式不同， 就不能用“一个萝卜一个坑”的方法来逐词对 译。原文中有些词在译文中需要转换词类，才 能使汉语译文通顺自然。
1. 转译为动词(n./adj./prep./adv./conj.—v.) 2. 转译为名词(v./adj./adv.---n.) 3. 转译为形容词(adv./n.---adj.) 4. 转译为副词(n./adj.---adv.)
1. We wouldn’t have any idea when the boy was born.
我们 不可能知道这孩子是什么时候出生的。
2. I will not only forgive your infidelity to me but will do you all the service I can.
8) I am afraid I can't teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.
9) She had high praise for Dr. Higpan, although she complained about his strictness.
3) I am so grateful to my father for his continuous encouragement during my childhood.
4) He urged upon citizens of the country the necessity of persisting in participation in political controversies.
词类转译法 Conversion
在英译汉过程中，有些句子可以逐词对译， 有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达方式不同， 就不能用“一个萝卜一个坑”的方法来逐词对 译。原文中有些词在译文中需要转换词类，才 能使汉语译文通顺自然。
1. 转译为动词(n./adj./prep./adv./conj.—v.) 2. 转译为名词(v./adj./adv.---n.) 3. 转译为形容词(adv./n.---adj.) 4. 转译为副词(n./adj.---adv.)
1. We wouldn’t have any idea when the boy was born.
我们 不可能知道这孩子是什么时候出生的。
2. I will not only forgive your infidelity to me but will do you all the service I can.
8) I am afraid I can't teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.
9) She had high praise for Dr. Higpan, although she complained about his strictness.
3) I am so grateful to my father for his continuous encouragement during my childhood.
4) He urged upon citizens of the country the necessity of persisting in participation in political controversies.
翻译技巧-2
• 2。从修饰的角度进行省略 • The hardest part of any big project is to begin. 任 何一个大的项目最艰难的是起步。 • The problem of alternative fuels of vehicle is one problem we shall approach. • 车辆的代用燃料是我们将要着手处理的一个问题。 • Walking for walking’s sake may be as highly laudable and exemplary a thing as is held by those who practice it. 经常散步的人认为，为散 步而散步是值得高度赞扬和仿效的。
• 总结，要克服翻译症，必须解决好以下几个环节 的问题： • 首先要克服认识的片面性，一般来说，有翻译症 倾向的译者，在翻译标准的把握上，比较重视忠 实，忽视通顺，而在处理内容和形式这对矛盾中， 又过于强调形式上的对应，忽略了对原文精神的 准确把握。 • 第二，在语汇问题上，切不可望文生义，也不可 盲目照搬辞典里的释义。 • 第三，在句法上不要全盘欧化，即异化。而要适 度考虑归化法。也即是向汉语行文文法靠拢。
• 英语中常用省略句，翻译时要根据汉语的表达习 惯，作些适当的增补。例如： • Histories make men wise; poems witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep. 饱 读史书使人明智，吟诵诗篇让人诙谐，研究数学 使人严谨，精通哲学让人深邃。 • Staycations became popular during the financial crisis of 2007-2009, amid growing unemployment and rising gas prices. • 居家度假的形式在2007至2009年金融危机期间失 业率和油价不断攀升的情况下大受欢迎。
《中西文化对比》第五章 汉英翻译的九种技巧
4.
寻寻觅觅,冷冷清请,凄凄惨惨戚戚;乍暖还寒时侯,最难将息。
Seek, seek; search, search; Cold, cold; bare, bare; Grief, grief; cruel, cruel grief. Now warm, then like the autumn cold again, How hard to calm the heart!
1. 重复法
1.汉语重复,英译时也重复; 2.根据两种语言各自的习惯用法,以不同的表达方式进
行重复,这种重复通常是为了传达原文的生动性.
英语一般避免重复，代称用得多，不但名词可以用代
词来替代，动词、形容词也有相应的词来替代。汉语则
不怕重复，实称用得多。
We have to analyze and solve problems.
血债要用血来还。
7. Rain or shine, I’ll go there. 雨也罢，晴也罢，我都要去那。（使译文生动流畅）。
8.We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the
weather, of each other---of everything but our host and hostess. 我们谈到自己， 谈到前途， 谈到旅程， 谈到天气， 谈到彼此的情 况， ---谈到一切，只是不谈我们的男女主人。
被人需要被人欣赏是每个人都渴望获得的感觉而这种感觉来自于他人的赞美假如听不到任何赞美之词我们将无从知道自己在朋友或同事心目中的价值
汉英翻译常用的九种技巧
常用的九种翻译技巧
1. 重复法 (repetition) 2. 增译法 (amplification) 3. 减译法 (omission) 4. 词类转移法 (conversion) 5. 词序调整法 (inversion) 6. 分译法 (division) 7. 正说反译, 反说正译法 (negation) 8. 语态 变换法 (the change of the voices) 9.修辞重现
句子翻译技巧二英译汉
10. But that the careful check were made, many errors in the blue print could not be discovered. 要不是经过仔细检查，蓝图中许多错误不可能发现。
1
There be 结构
❖ 带地点状语的there be结构 1、译成带主语的“有”（原句中的地点状语作主语） 2、译成无主句的“有”（“某处有……”）
8. The value of loss in this equation is so small that we can overlook it. 在这个方程式中，损耗值小到可以忽略不计。
1
9. Ocean-going ships, equipped with radar, are safe from collision with other ships. 远洋船只要装上雷达后，就不会跟其它船只相撞。
7. The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward. 风刮得那么大，我们简直寸步难行。
8. We had been dismayed at home while reading of the natural calamities that followed one another for three years after we left China in 1959. 我们于1959年离开了中国。此后，中国连续三年遭到自 然灾害。当我们读到这方面的消息时，心里颇为不安。
1
4. I’m wondering if the heart of all new ideas lies in the borrowing, adding, combining or modifying of old ones. 我想知道：一切创新，实质上是否就是对旧事物的借鉴、 充实、组合或修改。
1
There be 结构
❖ 带地点状语的there be结构 1、译成带主语的“有”（原句中的地点状语作主语） 2、译成无主句的“有”（“某处有……”）
8. The value of loss in this equation is so small that we can overlook it. 在这个方程式中，损耗值小到可以忽略不计。
1
9. Ocean-going ships, equipped with radar, are safe from collision with other ships. 远洋船只要装上雷达后，就不会跟其它船只相撞。
7. The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward. 风刮得那么大，我们简直寸步难行。
8. We had been dismayed at home while reading of the natural calamities that followed one another for three years after we left China in 1959. 我们于1959年离开了中国。此后，中国连续三年遭到自 然灾害。当我们读到这方面的消息时，心里颇为不安。
1
4. I’m wondering if the heart of all new ideas lies in the borrowing, adding, combining or modifying of old ones. 我想知道：一切创新，实质上是否就是对旧事物的借鉴、 充实、组合或修改。
句子翻译技巧(二)英译汉
10. There are some old people dancing in the hall. （有）一些老人在大厅里跳舞。
名词性从句
❖ 主语从句 1、由关系代词引导的主语从句，一般可按原文语序 翻译 2、由it作形式主语的主语从句，翻译时位置可前可 后
❖ 宾语从句 翻译时一般不需要改变其位置。（it作形式宾语或 介词宾语时，适当调整语序）
9. Every moment of every day, energy is being transformed from one form into another . 每时每刻，能量都在由一种形式变为另一种形式。
10. The pyramids stand huge and silent. 金字塔巍然耸立，庄严肃穆。
6. There is another problem in referring to the USA, since some Latin American countries are also “United States.”. USA这个称呼还有另外一个问题，因为某些拉丁美洲国 家也是United States（“合众国”） 。
❖ 简单句：只有一个主语和一个谓语的句子称为简单句。 ❖ 复合句：复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句
构成。
句子英译汉的基本方法
2. 句式变化
① 时间顺序 ② 逻辑顺序
句子英译汉的基本方法
其他情况（描述与评论的顺序）：
❖ It is important that everyone does his duty. ❖ 每个人各司其责，这一点是很重要的。
3. The time was when we were happy and gay. 那时候我们无忧无虑。
名词性从句
❖ 主语从句 1、由关系代词引导的主语从句，一般可按原文语序 翻译 2、由it作形式主语的主语从句，翻译时位置可前可 后
❖ 宾语从句 翻译时一般不需要改变其位置。（it作形式宾语或 介词宾语时，适当调整语序）
9. Every moment of every day, energy is being transformed from one form into another . 每时每刻，能量都在由一种形式变为另一种形式。
10. The pyramids stand huge and silent. 金字塔巍然耸立，庄严肃穆。
6. There is another problem in referring to the USA, since some Latin American countries are also “United States.”. USA这个称呼还有另外一个问题，因为某些拉丁美洲国 家也是United States（“合众国”） 。
❖ 简单句：只有一个主语和一个谓语的句子称为简单句。 ❖ 复合句：复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句
构成。
句子英译汉的基本方法
2. 句式变化
① 时间顺序 ② 逻辑顺序
句子英译汉的基本方法
其他情况（描述与评论的顺序）：
❖ It is important that everyone does his duty. ❖ 每个人各司其责，这一点是很重要的。
3. The time was when we were happy and gay. 那时候我们无忧无虑。
专业英语八级翻译-英译汉(五)
专业英语八级翻译-英译汉(五)(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}TRANSLATION{{/B}}(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、{{B}}ENGLISH TO CHINESE{{/B}}(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.Michel-Guillaume de Crevecoeur (1735-1813) was born in France and came to the American colonies as a military in the French army. He became a naturalized American and settled down to farming. Between 1765 and 1780 he wrote on American life. He returned to France in 1780, came back to America in 1783, and became French consul in New York. In 1790 he went back to France where he lived the rest of his life.{{U}}I wish I could be acquainted with the feelings and thought which must agitate the heart and present themselves to the mind of an enlightened Englishman, when he first lands on this continent. He must greatly rejoice, that he lived at a time to see this fair country discovered and settled; he must necessarily feel a share of national pride, when he views the chain of settlements which embellishes these extended shore. When he says to himself, this is the work of my countrymen who when convulsed by factions, afflicted by a variety of miseries and wants, restless and impatient, took refuge here. They brought along with them their national genius, to which they principally owe what liberty they enjoy, and what substance they possess. Here he sees the industry of his native country, displayed in a new manner, and traces in their works the embryos of all the arts, sciences, and ingenuity which flourish in Europe{{/U}}. Here he beholds fair cities, substantial villages, extensive fields, an immense country filled with decent houses, good roads, orchards, meadows, and bridges, where a hundred years ago all was wild, woody, and uncultivated!（分数：20.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(米·居·奎维古尔(1734～1831)生于法国，随法军进入北美殖民地，取得美国国籍后定居务农，1765～1780年间执笔评论美国人的生活。
汉译英翻译常用技巧2
3. 我们学院受教委和市政府的双重领导。 Our institute is co-administrated by the States Education Commission and the municipal government. (名词转动词)
4. 由于我们实行了改革开放政策，我国的综合国 力有了明显的增强。 Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensive national strength has greatly improved. (动词转名词)
5. 林则徐认为, 要成功地禁止鸦片买卖, 就得 首先把鸦片焚毁。 Lin Zexu believed that a successful ban of the trade in opium must be preceded by the destruction of the drug itself.
2. 这种人闹什么东西呢?闹名誉,闹地位,闹出风头。 What are they after? They are after name, after position, and they want to cut smart figure将具有动作 性的名词转换为汉语的动词，或者将可表示概念 的动词转换为汉语名词。
汉译英时则反其道而行之。
•
For students of composition, an awareness that rhetorical patterns differ from one culture to another can help them become more quickly proficient in a writing pattern that is not native to them.
六、翻译技巧(2)词类转换法
3
长春工程学院教案用纸
他的讲话给我留下很深的印象。 From the front, back and both sides we kept a strict watch on the enemy. 我们在前后左右严密地监视敌人。 He is the right man I’m looking for. 他正是我在找的人。 The unit of weight is the gram, that of length is the meter, and that of capacity is the liter. 重量单位是克，长度单位是米，容量单位是升。 The machine can dimensionally be changeable according to consumers’ need. 机器的在大小（或尺寸）可以根据用户的需要改变。 All you have done is proportional to all you have achieved. 你的付出和所得成正比。 To be independent is an absolute necessity for young people. 独立对年轻人来说是绝对必要的。 10. In science, it is important to state a law or a principle accurately. 在科学方面定律或定理的准确叙述十分重要。 11. With slight repairs, the machine could be in motion. 只要称加修理，这台机器便可以运转。 12. The new mayor earned respect due to the courtesy of visiting the poor in the city. 新市长有礼貌地访问城市贫民赢得了人们的尊敬。 Step 3 Assignment Put the following into English, paying special attention to the selection of words. 大自然对人的恩赐, 无论贫富, 一律平等。 所以人们对于大自然大全 都一致并深深地依赖着。 尤其是在乡间， 上千年来人们一直以不变的 方式生活着。 种植庄稼和葡萄， 酿酒和饮酒， 喂牛和挤奶， 锄草和 栽花； 在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜， 在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌； 往日的田园依旧是今日温馨家园。这样，每个地方都有自己的传说， 风 俗也就衍传了下来。 说明：本题是 2002 年全国英语专业八级考试汉译英试题。翻译时在以下 三个方面请特别注意： 1． 词汇的选择， 包括词义的理解和词的搭配。 2. 词序。 3. 语篇层次。
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2) His weariness determined him to sit down in the first convenient shade.
3) I am so grateful to my father for his continuous encouragement during my childhood. 4) He urged upon citizens of the country the necessity of persisting in participation in political controversies.
4. 连词转译成动词 1.They will return in 60 days or two months. 他们60天后， 也就是2个月后回来。 2.Winter is the fourth and last season in a year. 冬季是一年中第四个也是最后一个季节。 3.The distance is four kilometers or 2.4856 miles. 距离是4公里，折合（即）2.4856里。
2. 介词转译成动词 1. He went to the shop for a bottle of wine. 他去小店买了一瓶酒。 2. At noon, she came home for lunch. 中午，她回家吃午饭。 3. He came to my home for help. 他来到我家, 请求帮助。 4. He came to me with a luggage. 他拿着行李向我走来。 5. I'm all for your opinion. 我完全赞成你的意见。
翻译练习：名词──动词
1) After the accomplishment of the present task, there will follow a more arduous one. 完成目前任务后，还有更艰巨的任务。 2) His weariness determined him to sit down in the first convenient shade. 他 感到疲惫 ，因此下决心，一遇到就近的荫凉处就坐 下来休息。 3) I am so grateful to my father for his continuous encouragement during my childhood. 我非常感激父亲，因为在我小时候他总是不断地鼓励 我。
D) 由动词+er构成的名词可转译成动词
1.His father is a non-smoker, but he is a chainsmoker.
他父亲根本不抽烟，他抽起烟来却一根接一根。
2.I am an amateur actor. He is a better player than I .
4) He urged upon citizens of the country the necessity of persisting in participation in political controversies.
5) A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial. 6) A view of Mt. Fuji can be obtained here. 7) Every morning she would go to the lake area for a walk.
A) 一些习语中的主体名词可转成动词 这类习语有：
have a rest go for a walk catch a look pay attention to have an effect on by means of 依靠 with a view of以为…目的 make a claim to 认为…是属于自己的
城市和农村的幼儿园都在大量扩展。
3.The new situation requires the formation of a new strategy.
新形势要求制定新战略。
4.Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children.
7) Every morning she would go to the lake area for a walk. 每天早上她都要到湖区去散步。 8) I am afraid I can't teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I. 恐怕我教不了你游泳，我弟弟教得比我好。 9) She had high praise for Dr. Higpan, although she complained about his strictness. 她高度 赞扬 了西格潘医生，但抱怨他过于严格
我是个业余演员，他演得比我好。
3.Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man’s past wrong doings.
在和儿子谈话时， 老人宽恕了年轻人过去所干的坏 事。
翻译练习：名词──动词
1) After the accomplishment of the present task there will follow a more arduous one.
4) He urged upon citizens of the country the necessity of persisting in participation in political controversies. 他告诫全国人民，必须坚持参加政治论战。 5) A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial. 从他的办公室窗口可以一眼 看到 华盛顿纪念碑 和林肯纪念堂的全景。 6) A view of Mt. Fuji can be obtained here. 在这儿可以看到富士山。
6. Up the street they went, past stores, across a broad square, and then entered a huge building. 他们沿着大街走去，经过一家家店铺，穿过 一个宽阔的广场，然后走进一幢大楼。
3. 形容词可以转译成动词
1. We wouldn’t have any idea when the boy was born. 我们 不可能知道这孩子是什么时候出生的。 2. I will not only forgive your infidelity to me but will do you all the service I can. 我不但原谅你对我的不忠实，还要尽力为你效 劳。 3. As the man leaned over, the driver caught his first good look at the small cat-like face. 那个人弯下腰来， 司机才第一次看清那张小小 的猫儿脸。
B)由动词派生出来的名词可转译成动词
1.The government called for the establishment of more schools.
政府号召建立更多的学校。
2.There has been a tremendous expansion of kindergartens in both towns and villages.
转译为动词 1. 名词转译为动词
A)一些习语中的主体名词可以转译成动词 B)由动词派生出来的名词可转译成动词 C) 含有动作意味的名词可转译成动词 D) 由动词+er构成的名词可转译成动词
2. 介词转译成动词 3. 形容词转译成动词 4. 连词转译成动词 5. 副词转译成动词
1. 名词转译为动词
孩子们看电视过多会大大地损坏视力。
C) 含有动作意味的名词可转译成动词
1.Vietnam War was a drain on American resources. 越南战争不断地消耗美国的资源。 （drain n. 排水，下水道 v. 耗尽, 喝光） 2.In fact, the abuse of drugs has become one of America’s most serious social problems. 事实上，滥用毒品已经成为美国最为严重的社会问题 之一。 （abuse n. v. 滥用） 3.The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. 看到我们的喷气式飞机，听到隆隆的机声，令我特别 神往。
7) Every morning she would go to the lake area for a walk. 8) I am afraid I can't teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I. 9) She had high praise for Dr. Higpan, although she complained about his strictness.
1)He is too ignorant of the ways of the world. 他太不懂世道常情了。 2)We are hopeful of success in this experiment. 我们希望这个实验能成功。 3)This house is unheated and unfurnished. 这座房子 没有 暖气设备，也 没有 任何家具。