英语词汇学自考题 1

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历年全国自考英语词汇学试题及答案1

2000年4月全国自学考试--英语词汇学试卷及答案第一部分选择题Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.〔30%〕1.In Old English there was _______ agreement between sound form.〔〕A. moreB. littleC. lessD. gradual2.Both LDCE and CCELD are _______.〔〕A. general dictionariesB. monolingual dictionariesC. both A and BD. neither A and B3.The word "MINISKIRT" is _______.〔〕A. morphologically motivatedB. etymologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. none of the above4.The most important way of vocabulary development in present-day English is _______.〔〕A. borrowingB. semantic changeC. creation of new wordsD. all the above5.Beneralization is a process by which a word that originally had a specialized meaning has now become ________.〔〕A. generalizedB. expandedC. elevatedD. degraded6.Some morphemes have _______ as they are realized by more than one morph according to their position in word.〔〕A. alternative morphsB. single morphsC. abstract unitsD. discrete units7.Old English vocabulary was essentially _______ with a number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian.〔〕A. ItalicB. GermanicC. CelticD. Hellenic8 pounds are different from free phrases in all the following ways EXCEPT _______.〔〕A. semanticsB. grammarC. phoneticsD. lexicology9.If two main constituents of an idiom share the same initial sound, it is called _______.〔〕A. repetitionB. alliterationC. rhymeD. none of the above10.Which of the following words is a functional word〔〕A. OftenB. NeverC. AlthoughD. Desk11.Rhetorical features are shown in such respects of phonetic and lexical manipulation as well as _______.〔〕A. semantic unityB. structural stabilityC. idiomatic variationD. figure of speech12.The advantage of classifying idioms according to grammatical functions is to _______.〔〕A. use idioms correctly and appropriatelyB. understand idioms correctlyC. remember idioms quicklyD. try a new method of classification13.Borrowing as a source of homonymy in English can be illustrated by _______.〔〕A. long〔not short〕B. ball〔a dancing party〕C. rock〔rock'n'roll〕D. ad〔advertisement〕14.The change of word meaning is brought about by the following internal factors EXCEPT _______.〔〕A. the influx of borrowingB. repetitionC. analogyD. shortening15.Which of the following is NOT a component of linguistic context〔〕A. Words and phrases.B. SentencesC. Text or passageD. Time and place第二部分非选择题Ⅱplete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.〔10%〕16.Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation and ___________________.17.The language used in England between 450 and 1150is called _________________.ELD is a ________________ dictionary.19.In the phrase "the mouth of the river",the word "mouth" is _________________ motivated.20.Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is ________________ context.Ⅲ.Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1)types of meaning changes;2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4)meaning and context.〔10%〕A B21.Scandinavian〔〕l〔place where things are made〕22.Germanic〔〕B.grammatical23.extension〔〕C.double meaning24.narrowing〔〕D.Swedish25.linguistic〔〕E prehend/understand26.ambiguity〔〕F.Dutch27.participants〔〕G.degermined28.difference in denotation〔〕H.pigheaded29.appreciative〔〕I.non-linguistic30.pejorative〔〕J.iron〔a device for smoothing clothes〕Ⅳ.Study the following words or expressions and identify 1〕types of bound morphemes underlined, and 2〕types of word formation or prefixes.〔10%〕31.predict〔〕32.motel〔〕33.potatoes〔〕34.blueprint〔〕35.preliminaries〔〕36.Southward〔〕37.demilitarize〔〕38.hypersensityve〔〕39.retell〔〕40.multi-purposes〔〕Ⅴ.Define the following terms.〔10%〕41.acronymy42.native words43.elevation44.stylistic meaning45.monolingral dictionaryⅥ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should the clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.〔12%〕46.How many types of motivation are there in English Give ONE example for each type.47.What are the major sources of English synonyms Illustrate your points.48.What are the clues generally provided in verbal contextⅦ.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.〔18%〕49.analyze the morphological structures of following words and point out the types of the morphemes.Recollection, nationalist, unearthly50.Pick out the idioms in the following extract and explain its origin and the effect of using this form."Well, it's the old story of the stitch in time," he said.答案2000年4月份高等教化自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学试题参考答案Ⅰ.(30%)1.A2.C3.A4.C5.A6.A7.B8.D9.B 10.C 11.D 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.DⅡ.(10%)16.transfer17.OLD English18.monolingual19.semantically20.extralinguistic/non-linguisticⅢ.(10%)21.D22.F23.A24.J25.B26.C27.I28.E29.G30.HⅣ.(10%)31.bound root32.〔head+tail〕blinding33.inflectional affix/morpheme34.a+n35.full conversion36.suffix37.reversativ38.prefix of degree39.prefix40.number prefixⅤ.(10%)41.The process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms.42.Native words, also known as Anglo-Saxon words, are words brought to Britian in the 5th century by the Germanic tribes.43.The process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.44.The distinctive stylistic features of words which make them appropriate for different context.45.A dictionary written in one language, or a dictionary in which entries are defined in the same language.Ⅵ.(12%)46.There are four types of motivation:1〕Onomatopoeic motivation, e.g. cuckoo, squeak, quack, etc.2〕Morphological motivation, e.g. airmail, reading-lamp, etc.3〕Semantic motivation, e.g. the mouth of the river, the foot of the mountain, etc.4〕Etymological motivation, e.g. pen, laconic, etc.47.Key points:borrowing; dialects and regional English; figurative and euphemistic use of words; coincidence with idiomatic expressions.48.Key points:definition; explanation; example; synonymy; antonymy; hyponymy; relevant details and word structure. Ⅶ.(18%)49.1〕Each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection〔re+collect+ion〕,nationalist 〔nation+al+ist〕,unearthly〔un+earth+ly〕.2〕Of the nine morphemes, only "collect","nation" and "earth" are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.3〕All the rest re-,-ion,-al,-ist,un- and -ly are bound as none of them can stand alone as words.50.1〕the stitch in time ----- a stitch in time saves nine〔3分〕2〕proverbs are concise, forcible and thought-provoking〔1分〕3〕using an old saying is more persuasive〔2分〕4〕the short form saves time, more colloquial〔2分〕5〕indicates intimacy or close relationship〔1分〕2001年4月份全国高等教化自学考试英语词汇学试题及答案英语〔本科〕专业第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers Choose the one that would best complete the statementand put the letter in the bracket〔30％〕1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example[ ]A. lewd → ignorantB. silly → foolishC. last → pleasureD. knave → boy2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of: [ ]A. humourB. sarcasmC. ridiculeD. all the above3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____. [ ]A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradationB. extension, generalization, elevation and degradationC. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradationD. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____. [ ]A. synecdocheB. metonymyC. substitutionD. metaphor5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____. [ ]A. adjectivesB. attributesC. modifiersD. words6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used. [ ]C. semantic patternD. syntactic structure7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning.This change of constituent is known as _____ . [ ]A. additionB. replacementC. position-shiftingD. variation8. The word "laconic" is _____. [ ]A. onomatopoeically motivatedB. morphologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. etymologically motivated9. CCELD is distinctive for its _____. [ ]A. clear grammar codesB. language notesC. usage notesD. extra columns10.Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping [ ]A. DormB. motelC. GentD. Zoo11.Old English has a vocabulary of about _____ words. [ ]A. 30,000 to 40,000B. 50,000 to 60,000C. 70,000 to 80,000D. 80,000 to 90,00012. _____ are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words. [ ]A. RootsB. StemsC. AffixesD. Compounds13. Besides French words, English also absorbed as many as 2,500 words of _____ in the Middle English period. [ ]A. Dutch originB. Danish origin14. A word is a symbol that _____ . [ ]A. is used by the same speech communityB. represents something else in the worldC. is both simple and complex in natureD.shows different ideas in different sounds15.Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because they _____. [ ]A. are complex words.B. are technical wordsC. refer to the commonest things in life.D. denote the most important concepts.第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book〔10％〕16. The same idiom may show _____ differences when it is used in different meanings including affective meaning.17. LDCE is a _____ dictionary.18. Antonyms are classified on the basis of _____.19. The opposite of semantic elevation in meaning change is called _____.20. Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited _____.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1〕types of meaning changes;2〕types ofmeaning;3〕language branches and 4〕features of idioms〔10％〕A B21. grammatical meaning ( ) A. Scottish22. reading-lamp ( ) B. neither fish, flesh, nor fowl23. pen ( ) C. morphologically motivated24. alliteration ( ) D. head of a state25. difference in connotation ( ) E. answer/ respond26. elevation ( ) F. etymologically motivated27. degradation ( ) G. garage ( a place for storing cars)28. narrowing ( ) H. thing (any object or event)29. extension ( ) I. part of speech30. Celtic ( ) J. knave (a dishonest person)IV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1〕types of bound morphemes underlined;2〕types of wordformations;3〕types of meaning and 4〕types of meaning of idioms.〔10％〕31. heart and soul ( )32. father—male parent ( )33. mother—female parent ( )34. city-bred ( )35. lip-reading to lip-read ( )36. headache ( )37. antecedent ( )38. preview ( )39. receive ( )40. called ( )V. Define the following terms〔10％〕41. specialized dictionary42. collocative meaning43. transfer44. morpheme45. old EnglishVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.〔12％〕46.What's the fundamental difference between radiation and concatenation Illustrate your points.47. What is dismembering48. What is collocative meaning Give one example to illustrate your point.VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.〔18％〕49. The 'pen' is mightier than the 'sword'.Explain what 'pen' and 'sword' mean respectively using the theory of motivation.50. Study the following sentence, paying special attention to the words in italics. If you find anything wrong, please explainwhy and then improve the sentence.(100 words)The police were ordered to stop drinking about midnight.英语词汇学试题参考答案第一部分选择题I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statementand put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. B2. D3. A4. B5. A6. D7. B8. D9. D10. B11. B12. C13. A14. B15. C第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16. stylistic18.semantic opposition19. degradation 或pejoration20.productivity and collocabilityIII. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of meaning changes;2)types ofmeaning;3)language branches and 4) features of idioms. (10%)21. I22. C23. F24. B25. E26. D27. J28. G29. H30. AIV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of bound morphemes underlined;2) types of wordformation；3〕types of meaning and 4) types of meaning of idioms.(10%)31. adverb idiom/ idiom adverbial in nature32. conceptual meaning33. conceptual meaning34. n+v-ed35. backformation36. n+v37. bound root38. prefix39. bound root40. inflectional affix/morphemeV. Define the following terms.(10%)；语言0.5分)42. Collocative meaning is that part of the word meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. (内容1.5分；语言0.5分)43. Words which were used to designate one thing but later changed to mean something else have experienced the process ofsemantic transfer.44. the minimal meaningful unit of a language.45. the language used in England from 450 to 1150.VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(12%)46. 要点：Radiation Concatenationi) primary meaning i) first senseii〕次要意义由主要意义辐射ii〕由此意义连续转换；特点为链接iii〕名词语义互不依靠iii〕最终意义与第一意义失去联络迹象47. 要点：〔1〕break up an idiom into pieces〔2分〕〔2〕an unusual case of using idioms〔1分〕〔3〕in literature or popular press for special effect〔1分〕注：语言扣分不得超过1分〔语法扣1分，拼法扣0.5分〕48. Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words, it is that part of theword-meaning suggested by words before or after the word in discussion. For example, 'pretty' and 'handsome' share theconceptual meaning of 'good looking', but are distinguished by the range of nouns they collocate with:pretty handsomeVII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%)49. 答案要点1〕Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.〔2分〕2〕Semantic motivation, one of the four major types of motivation, explains the connection between the literal sense andfigurative sense of the word.(3分)3〕In this sentence, 'pen' reminds one of the tool to write with, thus suggesting writing; 'sword' reminds one of the weapon tofight with, thus suggesting war.(4分)50.要点：〔1〕it is ambiguous〔2分〕〔2〕ambiguity caused by the structure〔2分〕〔3〕stop drinking can be understood as1〕police stop drinking by themselves (1分)2〕police stop people drinking (1分)〔4〕improvement〔3分〕1〕The police were ordered to stop people drinking about midnight.2〕The police were ordered to stop drinking by themselves about midnight.2002年4月全国自学考试--英语词汇学试卷第一部分选择题Ⅰ. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. According to the degree of similarity, homonyms can be classified into ____.A. perfect homonymsB. homonymsC. homophonesD. all the above [ ]2. Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example:A. ad for "advertisement"B. dish for "food"C. fond for" affectionate"D. an editorial for "an editorial article" [ ]3. It is a general belief that the meaning does not exist in the word itself, but it rather spreads over______.A. the reader's interpretationB. the neighbouring wordsC. the writer's mten6onD. the etymology of the word [ ]4 .Which of the following is a prefix of time and orderA. extra-B. pro-C. re-D. semi- [ ]5. Which of the following dictionaries is not a specialized dictionaryA. The Oxford Dictionary of English EtymologyB. Chamber's EncyclopediC English DictionaryD. Sense denotes the relationships outside the language. [ ]7. The words which occur before or after a word and may affect its meaning form __A. physical contextB. grammatical contextC. lexical contextD. linguistic context [ ]8. "Smith is an architect. He designed World Trade Centre." The clue provided in the context is___.A. definitionB. explanationC. exampleD. hyponymy [ ]9. The term "vocabulary" is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that___.A. it can refer to the common core of a languageB. it can refer to the total number of the words in a languageC. it can represent all the words used in a certain historical periodD. it can stand for words in a given dialect or field [ ]10. The idiom "a dark horse" is a___.A. simileB. metaphorC. metonymyD. personification [ ]11. An idiom differs from a free phrase in that the former is ___ and the latter is not.A. structurally changeableB. semantically analysableC. structurally fixedD. easily understood [ ]12. We can work out the meaning of heliocentric and geocentric according to___.A. morphological strucmreB. relevant detailsC. grammatical structureD. physical context [ ]13. What causes the ambiguity of the sentence "I like Mary better than Janet"A. Vocabulary.B. Situation.C. Structure.D. None of the above. [ ]14. Early Modem English refers to the language spoken___.A. from 1066 to 1500B. from 1150 to 1500C. from 1500 to 1700D. from 1600 to 1800 [ ]15. Affixes added to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known asA. bound rootsB. free morphemesC. inflectional morphemesD. derivational affixes [ ]Ⅱ. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16. _______ meaning refers to the part of speech, tenses of verbs, etc.17. The word ____________has the old meaning "servant" and the elevated meaning "head of a ministry, ".18. The relationship between sound and meaning is arbitrary or_______.19. When a word with more than one meaning is used in unclear context, it creates________20. Almost ,all affixes are ________morphemes because few can be used as independent words.III. Match the words in Column A with those in Column B according to 1)rhetorical features of the idioms; 2)sense relations; 3)assimilation degree; 4)characteristics of the basic word stock and 5)mofivafion .(10 %) A B21. reiteration ( ) A. high and low22. repetition ( ) B. pick and choose23. juxtaposition ( ) C. face to face24. perfect homonym ( ) D. Failure is the mother of success.25. personification ( ) E. hiss26. porms ( ) F. bear; bear27. come ( ) G. twitter28. heart ( ) H. cat29. birds ( ) I. port30. snakes ( ) J. heart and soulIV. Study the following words and expressions and identify1) types of context clues; 2) types of word formation; 3) types of word-meaning changes and 4) rhetorical features of idioms. (10%)31. making a restatement of a new word or concept in fanfiliar words ( )32. sitcom ( )33. the usual amenities such as a pub, a post office and a school ( )34. from cradle to grave ( )35. might and main ( )36. fax ( )37. disobey, impolite, ( )38. hussy: "housewife"→ "a woman o f low morals" ( )39. disease: "discomfort" → "illness" ( )40. fond: "foolish" → "affectionate" ( )V. Define the following terms. (10%)41. dictionary42. pejoration43. idioms nominal in nature44. Germanic45. allomorphVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%)46. What are the stylistic features of idioms47. How would you explain the difference between back formation and suffixation Give examples to illustrate your point.48. How do you distinguish inflectional affixes and derivational affixesⅦ. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%)49. Comment on the following pairs of sentences in terms of superordinates and subordinates.a. The man said he would come to our school next week.b. The visiting scholar said he would visit our university next Monday.50. Analyse the morphological structures of the following words and point out the types of the morphemes. unbearable, international, ex-prisoner.全国2002年4月高等教化自学考试英语词汇学试题参考答案Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)1.D2.B3.B4.C5.B6.D7.C8.C9.A 10.B11.C 12.A 13.C 14.C 15.CⅡplete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10%)16. Grammatical 17. minister 18. conventional 19. ambiguity 20. boundⅢ.Match the words in Column A with those in Column B. (10%)21.B 22.C 23.A 24.F 25.D 26.I 27.H 28.J 29.G 30.EⅣ.Study the following words and expressions and identify 1)types of context clues; 2)types of word formation; 3)types of word-meaning changes and 4)rhetorical features of idioms.(10%)31.explanation32.head+head blending33.hyponymy/hyponym34.figure of speech; metonymy35.phonetic manipulation/alliteration36.back clipping37.affixation, prefixation or negative prefixes38.degradation39.narrowing40.elevationⅤ.Define the following terms.(10%)41. Dictionary is a book which presents in alphabetical order the words of a language, with information as to their spelling, pronunciation, meaning usage, etc.42. Degradation or pejoration of meaning is the opposite of semantic elevation. It is a process whereby words of good origin fall into ill reputation or non-affective words come to be used in derogatory sense.43.(1)Each idiom has a noun as the key word.(2)Each functions as a noun/also knows as noun idioms.44.a term used to refer to a branch of the Indo-European language family, which consists of English, German, Dutch, etc.45.one of the variants that realize a morphemeⅥ.Answer the following questions.(12%)46.(1)Many idioms were created in different professions, so they were trade-or profession-related, colloquial and informal.(2)Now most become a part of the common core, neither formal nor informal.(3)There are still many colloquialisms, slang expressions, literary expressions comparatively small in number.47.A)Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases.B)Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation; it's the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes.48.Inflectional affixes are affixes (1) attached to the end of words; (2) to indicate grammatical relationships, while derivational affixes are affixes; (3) added to other morphemes; (4) to create new words.Ⅶ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.(18%)49.要点：Superordinate Subordinate1) man scholar2) come visit3) school university4) week Monday50.1)Each of the three words consists of three morphemes unbearable(un+bear+able), international (inter+nation+al), ex-prisoner(er+prison+er).2)Of the nine morphemes, only bear, nation and prison are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.3)All the rest un-,-able,inter-,-al, ex-and-er are bound as none of them can stand alone as words.全国2004年4月高等教化自学考试英语词汇学试题课程代码：00832I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. There are ______ major classes of compounds.A. twoB. forC. threeD. five2. Which of the following statements is NOT trueA. Connotative meaning refers to associations suggested by the conceptual meaning.B. Stylistic meaning accounts for the formality of the word concerned.C. Affective meaning is universal to all men alike.D. Denotative meaning can always be found in the dictionary.3. After the invading Germanic tribes settled down in Britain, their language almost totally blotted out ______.A. Old EnglishB. Middle EnglishC. Anglo-SaxonD. Celtic4. The idiom “Jack of all trades〞results from ______.A. additionB. position-shiftingC. dismemberingD. shortening5. ______ are those that cannot occur as separate words without adding other morphemes.A. Free rootsB. Free morphemesC. Bound morphemesD. Meaningful units6. The major factors that promote the growth of modern English are ______.A. the growth of science and technologyB. economic and political changesC. the influence of other cultures and languagesD. all the above7. Since the beginning of this century, ______ has become even more important for the expansion of English vocabulary.A. word-formationB. borrowingC. semantic changeD. both B and C8. Which of the following characteristics of the basic word stock is the most importantA. StabilityB. Collocability.C. Productivity.D. National character.9. The two major factors that cause changes in meaning are ______.A. historical reason and class reasonB. historical reason and psychological reasonC. class reason and psychological reasonD. extra-linguistic factors and linguistic factors10. The fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants is whether ______.A. they come from the same sourceB. they are correlated with one central meaningC. they are listed under one headword in a dictionaryD. all the above11. Degradation of meaning is the opposite of ______.A. semantic transferB. semantic pejorationC. semantic elevationD. semantic narrowing12. An idiom consists of at least two words. Each has a single meaning and often functions as one word. This is called ______.A. semantic unityB. structural stabilityC. rhetorical functionD. none of the above13. Which of the following suffixes can be used to form both nouns and adjectives ______A. -ion.B. -ism.C. -ity.D. -ist.14. More often than not, functional words only have ______.。

2023年10月自学考试00832英语词汇学真题试题

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I . Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(1%X30=30%)1.Chook is a word of _______, which means chicken.A.American EnglishB.British EnglishC.Scottish EnglishD.Australian English2.When dough and bread is used as a slang, it means_____.A.moneyB.headC.drunkD.cooking utensil3.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.According to semanticists, a word is a unit of meaning.B.According to grammarians, a word is a free form that can function in a sentence.C.In visual terms, a word can be defined as a meaningful group of letters printed or written horizontally across a piece of paper.D. In terms of spoken language, a word is viewed as a sound or combination of sounds which are made involuntarily with human vocal equipment.4. Between 1250 and 1500, with Britain having trade relations with the low countries, especially Holland, as many as 2,500 words of _______origin found their way into English.A. FrenchB. DutchC. LatinD.Scandinavian5. Which of the following is the new word resulting from rapid growth of science and technology in the English vocabulary?A. fast foodB. TV dinnerC. moon walkD.stir fry6. The word denaturalization can be broken down into_minimal meaningful units.A. fourB. fiveC. sixD. seven7. In the word internationalists, the root is__.A. inter-B. -nation-C.-tion-D.-s8. The word antecedent can be broken down into________.A. ante-,-ced-, -entB.ante-,-ce-,-dentC. an-,-te-,-ced-,-entD.an-,-te-,-ce-,-dent9. Of the following words, the word“_____” does NOT have a derivational prefix.B. subseaC.contradictD. handcuff10. The formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class is called __.A. affixationB. functional shiftpoundingD. phrase clipping11. The majority of prefixes are characterized by their non-class-changing nature. Accordingly, we shall classify prefixes on a_____basis.A. morphemicB. morphologicC. syntacticD.semantic12. Of the following words, the word“_____”is NOT a deverbal noun formed by suffixation.A. decisionB. friendshipC.existenceD. protection13. The meanings of many words often relate directly to their origins. Such words have_____ motivation.A. onomatopoeicB. morphologicalC.semanticD.etymological14.The_meaning is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core ofword-meaning.A. grammaticalC. conceptualD. associative15. The word home, whose conceptual meaning is a “dwelling place”, reminds readers of their “family, friends, warmth, safety", etc. This shows the__meaning of a word.A. connotativeB. stylisticC. affectiveD. collocative16. The primary meaning of the word neck is_____.A. that part of the garmentB. the narrowest part of anything: bottle, land or channelC. that part of man or animal joining the head to the bodyD. a narrow part between the head and body or base of any object17. Which of the following pairs of antonyms belongs to contradictory terms?A. hot / warmB. sell/ buyC. husband / wifeD.true / false18. The pair of words flower /rose shows such a sense relation as_____.A. polysemyB. synonymyC. antonymyD. hyponymy19. The word butcher began with the meaning of “one who kills goats”, but now it means “one who kills animals”. This process is called____.A. extensionB. narrowingC.elevationD. degradation20. Which of the following words is an example of narrowing of word-meaning?A. disease (meaning: discomfort → illness)B. journal (meaning: daily paper→periodical)C. knight (meaning: servant→ rank below baronet)D. company (meaning: one who shares bread→ a company)21. From which of the following examples can we see transfer of sensations?A. the lip of a woundB. the hope of a familyC. pitiful and doubtfulD.sweet music22. Which of the following statements is NOT true about lexical context?A. It is one type of extra-linguistic context.B. It may provide clues for inferring word meaning.C. It refers to the words that occur together with the word in question.D. The meaning of the word is often affected and defined by the neighbouring words.23. What does the word quick mean in the following context?John, one of the group, has just told a joke. Everyone laughs except Adam. Then Adam laughs. One of the students says: I do think Adam's quick.A. Quick in development.B. Quick to hear the joke.C. Slow in learning things.D. Slow to understand the joke.24.What does the word do mean in the phrase do the flowers?A. work outB. brushC.arrangeD.study25.Which of the following is an idiom?A. Till the cows come home.B. Till the sheep come home.C. Till the horses come home.D. Till the pigeons come home.26.Which of the following is NOT a variation of idiom?A. synecdocheB. replacementC.dismemberingD. shortening27. As cool as a cucumber is a_____.A. true IdiomB. complete idiomC.semi-idiomD. regular combination28. Chop and change is an idiom ______in nature .A. verbalB. nominalC. adjectivalD. adverbial29. Collins COBUILD English Usage is a(n)______.A. unbridged dictionaryB. desk dictionaryC. pocket dictionaryD. specialized dictionary30. Which of the following is NOT usually included in the usage section of a dictionary?A. styleB. usage levelC. definitionD.colouring非选择题部分注意事项:用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上,不能答在试题卷上。

高等教育自学考试英语词汇学参考题型

高等教育自学考试英语词汇学卷子+答案(课程代码 0832)第一局部选择题I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternativeanswers.Choose the one that would best complete thestatement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)1. There are two approaches to the study of polysemy.Theyare______.A.primary and secondaryB.central and peripheralC.diachronic and synchronicD.formal and functional ]2. Which of the following is NOT a stylistic feature of idiomsA.ColloquialB.SlangC.NegativeD.Literary ]3. Synonyms can be classified into two major groups，that is:_____.A.absolute and relativeB.absolute and completeC.relative and near D plete and identical ]4. In the early period of Middle English，English，____existed side by side，A.Celtic and DanishB.Danish and Frenchtin and CelticD.French and Latin ]5. Amonomorphemic word is a word that consists of a single_______morpheme.A.formalB.concreteC.freeD.bound ]6. Whch of the following groups of words is NOT onomatopoeically motivated A，croak，drum B.squeak，bleatC.buzz，neighD.bang，trumpet ]7.LDCE is distinctive for its____.A.Clear grammar codesage notesnguage notesD.all of the above ]8. From the historical point of view,English is more closely related toA.GermanB.FrenchC.ScotttishD.Irish ]9. Which of the following is NOT an acronymA.TOEFLB.ODYSSEYC.BASICTV ]10. In the course book，the author lists____types of context clues for inferring wordmeaning.A.eightB.sixC.sevenD.five ]11.Sources of homonyms include____.A.changes in sound and spellingB.borrowingC.shorteningD.all of the above ]12.The written form of English is a(an)________representation of the spoken form.A.selectiveB.adequateC.imperfectD.natural ]13.Structurally a____is the smallest meaningful unit of a language.A.molphemeB.stemC.word D pound ]14.Unlike affixes，____are often free morphemes.A.sufrixesB.prefixesC.inflectional morphemesD.roots ]15.The four major foreign contributors to the English vocabulary in earlier times were French.Latin，____.A.Scandinavian and ItalianB.Greek and ScandinavianC.Celtic and GreekD.Italian and Spanish ]第二局部非选择题Ⅱ plete the rollowing staternents with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16.The name given to the widening of meaning which some words undergo is____.17.Longman lexicon of Contemporary English is a____dictionary.18.When a new word appears for the first time，the author usually manages to give hints or____in the context to help the readers.19.Radiation and____are the two coinages which the development of wordmeaning follows from monosemy to polysemy.20.Middle English refers to the language spoken from 1150 to____.Ⅲ.Match the words or explessions in Column A with those in Column B according to1)word Origin，2)word formation and3)types of Synonyms or antonyms.A B( )21.skill A.back-formation( )22.babysit B.blendlng( )23.telequiz C.French origin( )24 position/compounding D.SCandinavianorigin( )ernment E.clipping( )26.same/different F. relative synonyms( )27.gent G. Germanic( )28.English H.absolute synonyms( )29.change/alter I. contradictory terms( )30.big/small J.contrary termsIV.Smdy the following words or expressions and identify1)types of bound morphemes underlined,2) types of meanings,3)processes of meaning development，and4)forlnation of eompounds.31.neck→primary meaning:that part of man joining the head tO the body;a secondary meaning:the narrowest part of anything.( )32.contradict ( )33.mother:love，care ( )34.upcoming ( )35.window shopping ( )36.radlos ( )37.property developer ( )38.Candidate→earlier meaning:white-robed;later meaning:a person proposed for a place，award etc.( )overcoat39.handsomo-tyoewhter ( )man40.northward ( )V. Define the following terms.41.encyclopendia42.borrcwed43.blending44.extension45.phrasal verbVI. Answer the following questing questions. Your answers should be Clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.46.what is the difference prefixation and suffixation Explain with two examples.47.what is extra-linguistic context48.what is polysemy Illustrate your points.VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.49. Study the following sentence and try to guess the meaning of the word in italics. Thenwhat contextual help you to work out the meaning.Carnivores are very dangerous. Not long ago, a tiger escaped from the zoo and killed a dog inThe street and ate it.50.Connotative meaning is not stable. Comment on this statement with one example. 英语词汇学答案(课程代码0832)I.Each Of the smtements below is followed by four alternative answers.Choose the one thatwould best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.1.C2.C3.A4.D5.C6.A7.D8.A9.B 10.A11.D 12.C 13.A 14.D 15.BII Complete the following statements with proper words Or expressions according to thecourse book.16.extension 或generalization 17.specialized18.clues 19.concatenation 20.1500III.Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according tO 1)word origin，2)word formation，and 3)types of synonyms or antonyms.21.D 22.A23.B 24.H25.C 26.I27.E 28.G29.F 30.JIV.Study the following words or expressions and identify 1)types of bound morphemes underlined，2)types of meanings，3)processes of meaning development，and 4)formation of compounds.31.radiation 32.bound root33.connotative meaning 34.adv+v-ing35.n+v-ing 36.inflectional affix/inflectional morpheme37.n+v-er 3.concatenation39.collocative meaning 40.suffix/derivational affixV.Definethefollowingterms.41.An encyclopedia provides encyclopedic information concerning each headword;it is not concerned with the language per se.42.Borrowed words,also，known，as loan words，are words taken over from foreign languages.43.It refers to the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word with a part of another word.44.Extension is a process by which a word which originally had a specialized meaning has now become generalized.45.idiom composed of a verb plus a preposition and/or a particle.VI.Answer the following questions.Your answers should be clear and short.Write youranswers in the space given below.46.Prefixation does not generally change the word-class of the stem;it only modifies its meaning.eat--maltreatemployer47.(1)Known as non-linguistic context or context of situation.(2)componentsa.participants(addresser and addressee)writer and readerspeaker and listener/hearerb.time and placec.cultural background48.要点:1)a common feature peculiar to all natural languages.2)have more than one sense.3)The problem of polesemy Can be dealt with from two angles:diachronic approach and synchronic approach.VII.Analyze and comment on the following.Write your answers in the space given below.49(1)tiger is a hyponym，of carnivore(2)carnivore is a superordinate of tiger(3)tiger feeds on meat as known by all(4)carnivore may feed on meat(5)therefore，a carnivore is a meat-eating animal50.(1)connotative meaning，known as connotation，refers to the overtones or associations suggested by the conceptual meaning.(2)connotative meanings are not given in the dictionary.but associated with the word in actual context to particular readers or speakers.Thus they are unstable.varying considerablyaccording to culture，historical period and the experience of the individual.(3)For example，home may remind one child of warmth，safety or love，while to another child who isoften scolded or beaten at home,it may mean indifference，hatred，or even hell.。

全国自考《英语词汇学》真题试题及答案素材

202X年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学真题课程代码：00832Ⅰ．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.〔30%〕1．According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.〔〕A．meaning B．soundC．combination of sounds D．group2．The pronunciation has changed ______ spelling over the years.〔〕A．more slowly than B．as quickly asC．more rapidly than D．not so quickly as3．Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by ______.〔〕A．use frequency B．notionC．origin D．sound4．Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT______.〔〕A．green revolution B．fast foodC．moon walk D．space shuttle5．Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new ______ to meet the new need.〔〕A．form B．meaningC．look D．pronunciation6．Reviving archaic words also contribute to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, in American English “fall〞means ______ in British English.〔〕A．four B．fellC．for D．autumn7．The plural morpheme “-s〞is realized by /s/after the following sounds EXCEPT ______.〔〕A．/t/ B．/g/C．/p/ D．/k/8．There are ______ free morphemic words in the following: bird, man, red, collection.〔〕A．one B．twoC．three D．four9．The following words have derivational affixes EXCEPT ______.〔〕A．works B．prewarC．postwar D．bloody10．30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English are produced through ______.〔〕A．compounding B．affixationC．conversion D．shortening11．The word “motel〞is created by ______.〔〕A．compounding B．clippingC．blending D．suffixation12．“BBC〞is formed in the way of ______.〔〕A．acronymy B．clippingC．back-formation D．prefixation13．The types of meanings include the following EXCEPT ______.〔〕A．grammatical meaning B．conceptual meaningC．associative meaning D．literal meaning14．By ______ motivation, we mean that the meaning of a word is related to its origin.〔〕A．onomatopoeic B．morphologicalC．semantic D．etymological15．______ is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.〔〕A．Reference B．ConceptC．Sense D．Motivation16．Semantic field, according to the course book, is also considered an integral part of ______.〔〕A．word formation B．word meaningC．meaning change D．sense relations17．When a word is first coined, it is always ______.〔〕A．semantic B．onomatopoeicC．monosemic D．polysemic18．The following are all synonymous pairs, but in each the second is standard in usage whereas the first is archaic, EXCEPT ______.〔〕A．ire/anger B．rich/wealthyC．forlorn/distressed D．bliss/happiness19．Shakespeare is difficult to understand than contemporary writings because many of his words were used in different ______ from what they have now in dictionaries.〔〕A．senses B．formsC．dialects D．terms20．The mode of ______ is well reflected in the word “picture〞, which originally denoted mere “painting〞, but now has come to include “drawings〞and even “photographs〞〔〕A．extension B．elevationC．narrowing D．degradation21．In the sentence “The old man, though poor, is a respectable gentleman.〞, the word “respectable〞is used in the ______ sense of transfer.〔〕A．subjective B．objectiveC．sensational D．physical22．Which of the following is NOT one of the roles of context〔〕A．Elimination of ambiguity.B．Indication of referents.C．Provision of clues for inferring word-meaning.D．Provision of culture background for inferring word-meaning.23．The sentence “I lost Betty’s picture.〞is ambiguous due to ______.〔〕A．grammatical context B．polysemyC．antonymy D．hyponymy24．In the sentence “An east or north-east wind brings cold dry weather to England, but a sou’Wester usually brings rain.〞, the meaning of “sou’wester〞can be inferred from the clue of ______.〔〕A．relevant details B．synonymyC．antonymy D．hyponymy25．The idiom “toss and turn〞is a(n) ______ as far as rhetorical features of idioms are concerned.〔〕A．alliteration B．metaphorC．metonymy D．rhyme26．Which of the following is NOT one of the types of idioms〔〕A．Sentence idioms. B．Idioms adverbial in nature.C．Clausal idioms. D．Idioms nominal in nature.27．The following are all variations of idioms, EXCEPT ______.〔〕A．replacement B．additionC．shortening D．repetition28．Generally speaking, a dictionary will cover the following content EXCEPT ______.〔〕A．spelling B．syntactical usageC．pronunciation D．definition29．As a general Chinese-English dictionary, ______ is the most complete and up-to-date, most elaborately treated one〔〕A．A Chinese-English Dictionary (1995)B．Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English with Chinese TranslationC．A New English-Chinese DictionaryD．Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English with Chinese Translation30．Collins COBUILD English Usage (1992), is a(n) ______ dictionary.〔〕A．unabridged B．deskC．specialized D．encyclopedicⅡ．Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of transfer; 2) rhetorical features of idioms; 3) types of vocabulary by notion; and 4) the function of affixes. (10%)A B〔〕31．She burst into passionate sobbing. A．juxtaposition〔〕32．He drops off to sleep, the lamb. B．notional word〔〕33．and C．transfer of sensations〔〕34．the man’s coat D．abstract to concrete〔〕35．here and there E．derivational affix〔〕36．moon F．alliteration〔〕37．rough and ready G．functional word〔〕38．ex-prisoner H．inflectional affix〔〕39．fair and square I．associated transfer〔〕40．Helen looks a fright in that old black dress. J．rhymeⅢ．Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.〔10%〕41．When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a ________ group of letters printed or written horizontally across a piece of paper.42．Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: ________, semantic change and borrowing.43．We might say that free morphemes are free ________.44．The formation of words by adding word-forming affixes to stems is called ________. 45．Semantic ________ refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word．46．Perfect homonyms and polysemants are fully ________ with regard to spelling and pronunciation.47．V ocabulary is the most ________ element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content.48．Ambiguity often arises due to ________ and homonymy.49．Idioms consist of set ________ and short sentences.50．Monolingual dictionaries are written in ________ language.Ⅳ．Define the following terms.〔10%〕51．morpheme52．homonym53．connotation54．elevation55．idiomⅤ．Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.〔20%〕56．As far as growth of present-day English vocabulary is concerned, what are the three main sources of new words57．What are the semantic features of compounds Give an example to illustrate your point. 58．Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the characteristics of antonyms. State your reason with one example.Contrary terms are non-gradable and allow intermediate members in between.59．How do you account for the context function as indication of referentsⅥ．Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.〔20%〕60．Analyze the following dialogue and comment on the rhetoric use of homonym in italicized font.—“You’re not eating your fish,〞a waitress said to a customer. “Anything wrong with it〞—“Long time no sea.〞the customer replied.61．Analyze the three causes of meaning change within the scope of the linguistic factors, based on the given words below.〔1〕gold, bulb;〔2〕deer, beast, animals;〔3〕fortuitous, fruition.。

自考00832《英语词汇学》模拟试题及答案①

自考易考题库软件课件集免费下载地址：/自考备考三件宝：自考笔记、真题及答案、题库软件、录音！！考试课件网：examebook.cm 出品！自考00832《英语词汇学》模拟试题（一）一、Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers.Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%) 1. The criteria of words include________. A ：The criteria of words include. B ：all national character C ：a cluster of letters D ：sound unity2. If we classify English words by use frequency,the two types of words are________. A ：the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary B ：content words and functional words C ：native words and borrowed words D ：functional words and notional words3. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels:_______. A ：creation,conversion and borrowing B ：creation,borrowing and backformation C ：creation,semantic change and borrowingD ：semantic change,borrowing and backformation 4. Basic words are characterized with________. A ：polysemy B ：collocability C ：productivity D ：all the above5. More often than not,functional words mainly have________. A ：lexical meaning B ：associative meaning C ：collocative meaning D ：grammatical meaning6. The suffixes in words "clockwise","homeward" are_________. A ：noun suffixes B ：verb suffixes C ：adverb suffixes D ：adjective suffixes7. In English there are________types of motivation as far as the relationship between the sign and meaning is concerned. A ：2 B ：6 C ：4 D ：58. Which of the following about extralinguistic context is true?自考易考题库软件课件集免费下载地址：/自考备考三件宝：自考笔记、真题及答案、题库软件、录音！！考试课件网：examebook.cm 出品！A ：It can be subdivided into extralinguistic context and nonlinguistic context.B ：It only refers to the physical situation or environment relating to the use of words.C ：It embraces the people,time,size and place.D ：It may extend to embrace the entire cultural background. 9. 9.The idiom "wide of the mark"is________. A ：adjectival in nature B ：verbal in nature C ：nominal in nature D ：adverbial in nature10. Idioms like "black sheep","new broom","a wet blanket"and"sit on the fence"are examples of________. A ：transfer B ：metonymy C ：metaphor D ：simile11. The idiom "might and main" uses________as far as rhetorical features of idioms are concerned. A ：alliteration B ：metaphor C ：metonymy D ：rhyme12. Which of the following prefixes can NOT be used to indicate time and order?A ：AB ：BC ：CD ：D13. Which of the following is NOT from backformation? A ：To mass produce. B ：To lip read. C ：To nickname. D ：To chain smoke.14. Which kind of meaning is the meaning that is given in the dictionary and that forms the core of word meaning ？A ：Conceptual meaning.B ：Grammatical meaning.C ：Lexical meaning.自考易考题库软件课件集免费下载地址：/自考备考三件宝：自考笔记、真题及答案、题库软件、录音！！考试课件网：examebook.cm 出品！D ：Associative meaning.15. By "structural stability" of idioms,which of the following is right? A ：Many idioms are grammatically analyzable.B ：The constituents of idioms can not be replaced at random.C ：The constituents of idioms can be deleted.D ：More constituents can be added to idioms without changing their meanings. 16. Bilingual dictionaries involve________language(s). A ：one B ：two C ：three D ：four17. "Trumpet" is a(n)________motivated word. A ：morphologically B ：semanticallyC ：onomatopoeicallyD ：etymologically18. The meaning of the word "fond" changed from "foolish" to "affectionate" by mode of________. A ：extension B ：narrowing C ：elevation D ：degradation19. ________are those which cannot occur as separate words without being added to other morphemes. A ：Free rootsB ：Free morphemesC ：Bound morphemesD ：Meaningful units20. Words which have opposite meanings are called________. A ：synonyms B ：antonyms C ：homonyms D ：hyponyms21. The pair of words "respectable" and "respectful" has thesense of transfer respectively. A ：subjective,objective B ：objective,subjective C ：objective,objective D ：none of the above22. "Hopeless" is a________motivated word. A ：morphologically B ：onomatopoeically C ：semantically自考易考题库软件课件集免费下载地址：/自考备考三件宝：自考笔记、真题及答案、题库软件、录音！！考试课件网：examebook.cm 出品！D ：etymologically23. Extension is a process by which a word that originally had a specialized meaning has now become________. A ：generalized B ：expanded C ：elevated D ：degraded24. Of the following wordformation processes,________is the most productive. A ：clipping B ：blending C ：initialism D ：derivation25. The following are userfriendly features of Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English EXCEPT________. A ：extra columnB ：clear grammar codesC ：usage notesD ：language notes26. For beginners and lowerintermediate learners,a dictionary is essential as they do not know enough________of the target language. A ：monolingual B ：bilingual C ：unabridged D ：specialized27. Readers cant find pronunciation or meaning in________. A ：Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English B ：The Encyclopedia AmericanaC ：Chambers Encyclopedic English DictionaryD ：Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary 28. The main body of a dictionary is________of words. A ：spellingsB ：pronunciationsC ：definitionsD ：grammar29. In the idiom "in good feather",we change "good" into "high"or "full" without changing meaning.This change ofconstituent is known as________. A ：addition B ：replacement C ：positionshifting D ：variation30. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example_________. A ：lewd → ignorant自考易考题库软件课件集免费下载地址：/自考备考三件宝：自考笔记、真题及答案、题库软件、录音！！考试课件网：examebook.cm 出品！B ：silly → foolishC ：last → pleasureD ：knave → boy二、Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(15%)1. 31.From the diachronic point of view,when the word was created,it was endowed with only one meaning .The firstmeaning is called .2. British dictionaries generally use to mark the pronunciation.3. 33.The antonyms "big" and "small" are .4. Websters New World Dictionary is a(n) dictionary.5. Prefixes are those affixes that are added to the head of words and they primarily change the meaning of the.6. 36. is a process by which a word denoting one thing changes to refer to a different but related thing.7. Linguistic context can be subdivided into lexical context and . 8. The order of meanings in CCELD indicates the of words.9. A common way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using whatremains instead.This is called .10. "From cradle to grave" is an example of . 三、Define the following terms.(15%) 1. creation2. backformation3. radiation4. grammatical context5. desk dictionaries四、Answer the following questions.Your answers should be clear and short.Write your answers in the space given below.(20%)1. How do you account for the role of native words in English in relation to loanwords?2. How do you understand semantic motivation?3. What are the linguistic factors of meaning changes?4. How do you understand"the structure of an idiom is to a large extent unchangeable"?五、Analyze and comment on the following.Write your answers in the space given below.(20%) 1. Analyze and comment on the meanings of the following sentences and then find out the right antonyms for each "dull" respectively.［A ］The story in this book is dull.［B ］He became dull and silent when the class began. ［C ］I'm tired of such dull weather! (10 分) 2. The "pen" is mightier than the "sword".Explain what "pen" and "sword"mean respectively using the theory of motivation.自考易考题库软件课件集免费下载地址：/自考备考三件宝：自考笔记、真题及答案、题库软件、录音！！考试课件网：examebook.cm 出品！一、Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers.Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%) 1: 参考答案： C（P7）总体来讲，单词的标准包含以下几点：词是语言中最小的自由形式；是一个声音统一体；是意义单位；是一个能在句子中起到独立作用的形式。

英语词汇学自考题1

英语词汇学⾃考题1英语词汇学⾃考题-1(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)⼀、Ⅰ.(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.A tricycle has ______ wheels.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four（分数：1.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：词缀“tr-”是表⽰数字的前缀，它表⽰的意思是“三……”。

例如，a triangle指的是三⾓形。

2.The idiom Jack of all trades results from ______.A. additionB. position-shiftingC. dismemberingD. shortening（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. √解析：缩短法(shortening)偶尔出现在部分格⾔或者谚语中，这些格⾔或谚语以⼀部分指代整个句⼦所代表的含义。

习语“jack of all trades”的完整形式是“jack of all trades and master of none”。

3.Degradation of meaning is the opposite of ______.A. semantic transferB. semantic pejorationC. semantic elevationD. semantic narrowing（分数：1.00）D.解析：4.______ is unstable, varying considerably according to culture, historical period, and the experience of individuals.A. Stylistic meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Collocative meaningD. Affective meaning（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：内涵意义(connotative meaning)指的是词的语法意义所包含的暗⽰意思和相关联想。

全国自考《英语词汇学》真题试题及答案重点

202X年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学卷子课程代码0832I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the onethat best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. Which of the following words does NOT belong to terminology ( )A. Penicillin.B. Algebra.C. Symphony.D. Knife.2. In the sentence “I like to see a movie.〞, there are ________ functional words. ( )A.2B.3C.4D.53. Of the characteristics listed for the basic word stock, the most important is ________. ( )A. all national characterB. productivityC. polysemyD. collocability4. Social, economic and political changes bring about such new words as the following EXCEPT ________. ( )A. fast foodB. TV dinnerC. tahiniD. Watergate5. The prehistoric ________ parent language is thought to be a highly inflected language, which English originated from. ( )A. PrussianB. Indo-EuropeanC. CzechD. Russian6. The surviving languages accordingly fall into eight principal groups, which can be grouped into the ________ set and the Western set. ( )A. EasternB. AfricanC. AmericanD. Northern7. The plural morpheme “-s〞is realized by /z/ after the following sounds EXCEPT ________. ( )A./z/B./g/C./d/D./b/8. The word “recollection〞comprises ________ morphemes. ( )A.1B.2C.3D.49. The following words have inflectional affixes EXCEPT ________. ( )A. worksB. workerC. workingD. worked10. “Dis-〞in the word “disloyal〞is a ________ prefix. ( )A. negativeB. reversativeC. pejorativeD. locative11. The word “AIDS〞is a(n) ________. ( )A. initialismB. acronymC. derivativeD. compound12. The word “smog〞is created by blending, with the structure of ________. ( )A. head + tailB. head + headC. head + wordD. word + tail13. So far as stylistic meaning is concerned, “residence〞is ________. ( )A. neutralB. informalC. colloquialD. formal14. Words which are used to show the attitude of approval are ________. ( )A. appreciativeB. pejorativeC. connotativeD. collocative15. “Pavement〞in British English and “sidewalk〞in American English have the same ________.( ) A. motivation B. collocationC. senseD. connotation16. A common feature peculiar to all natural languages is ________. ( )A. homonymyB. hyponymyC. monosemyD. polysemy17. In both CCELD and LDCE, the most frequently used meaning of the word “gay〞is ________. ( )A. joyous and lively, merry, happyB. homosexualC. given to social life and pleasureD. bright, brilliant18. All the following words can be used as an antonym to the word “clear〞EXCEPT ________. ( )A. dirtyB. fussyC. guiltyD. ambiguous19. The change of word meaning is brought about by the following internal factors EXCEPT ________. ( )A. influx of borrowingB. analogyC. psychological factorsD. shortening20. A good example of ________ is the word “manuscript〞, which now means “writing by hand or typed with a type-writer or a word-processor〞, but its original meaning was “handwriting〞only.( )A. degradationB. elevationC. narrowingD. extension21. In the sentence “Never run towards a dangerous animal.〞, the word “dangerous〞is used in the ________ sense of transfer. ( )A. subjectiveB. objectiveC. sensationalD. physical22. The sentence “They saw her duck.〞is ambiguous due to ________. ( )A. grammatical contextB. lexical contextC. antonymyD. hyponymy23. The following are types of context EXCEPT ________. ( )A. linguistic contextB. non-linguistic contextC. syntactical contextD. extra-linguistic context24. In the sentence “The village had most of the usual amenities: a pub, a library, a post office, a village hall, a medical centre, and a school.〞The meaning of amenity can be inferred from the clue of ________. ( )A. relevant detailsB. word structureC. antonymyD. hyponymy25. The idiom “hustle and bustle〞is a ________ as far as rhetorical features of idioms are concerned. ( )A. simileB. repetitionC. reiterationD. personification26. Sentence idioms embrace the following sentence types EXCEPT ________. ( )A. declarative sentenceB. interrogative sentenceC. imperative sentenceD. simple sentence27. “Beyond the pale〞is an idiom ________ in nature. ( )A. verbalB. nominalC. adjectivalD. adverbial28. The following are the types of dictionary EXCEPT ________. ( )A. monolingual dictionaries and bilingual dictionariesB. linguistic and encyclopedic dictionariesC. specialized dictionariesD. Chinese and English dictionaries29. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 3rd Edition (1980) is a(n) ________ dictionary. ( )A. specializedB. deskC. pocketD. encyclopedic30. Usage notes of the dictionary explain the following aspects EXCEPT ________. ( )A. literal meanings of the wordsB. difficult points of grammar and styleC. important British and American differencesD. slight differences between words of similar meaningsII. Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of vocabulary by notion; 2) sources of synonyms; 3) types of motivation; and 4) types of transfer. (10%)A B( ) 31. morphological motivation A. laconic meaning “brief〞or “short〞( ) 32. associated transfer B. the foot of the mountain( ) 33. borrowing C. squeak/hiss( ) 34. etymological motivation D. You should address your remarks to the chair. ( ) 35. notional words E. charm/glamour( ) 36. abstract to concrete F. black market/greenhorn( ) 37. semantic motivation G. occupation/walk of life( ) 38. figurative use H. fire/flame/conflagration( ) 39. regional English I. This teaching assistant is an efficient help. ( ) 40. onomatopoeic motivation J. cloud/yellowIII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)41. As defined in terms of spoken language, a word is viewed as a sound or ________ of sounds which are made voluntarily with human vocal equipment.42. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: creation, ________ and borrowing.43. The ________ is the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words.44. Suffixation generally changes the grammatical function or word ________ of stems of words.45. ________ indicates the speaker’s attitude towards the person or thing in question.46. Relative synonyms or ________ are similar or nearly the same in denotation, but embrace different shades of meaning or different degrees of a given quality.47. There are generally ________ major factors that cause changes in meaning.48. Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is called ________ or non-linguistic context.49. Unlike free phrases, the structure of an idiom is to a large extent ________.50. Three good general dictionaries are LDCE, CCELD and ________.IV. Define the following terms. (10%)51. bound root52. prefixation53. pejoration34. homophone55. grammatical contextV. Answer the following questions. Y our answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(20%)56. What are the types of morphemes57. What is conceptual meaning of a word Give an example to illustrate your point.58. Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the changes in word meaning. State your reason with one example.Elevation or amelioration refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.59. What is semantic unity of idioms Explain it with one example.VI. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(20%)60. Comment on the following 2 groups of words or sentences to illustrate the semantic features and grammatical features of compounds.Group 1: “red meat/hot dog〞Group 2: “He bad-mouthed me. / major generals〞61. Analyze and comment on the following two pairs of sentences in terms of superordinates and subordinates:a]Trees surround the water near our summer place.b]Old elms surround the lake near our summer cabin.a]I met a writer who is the relation of a politician.b]I met a newspaper reporter who is the brother of Senator Buckley.。

全国高等教育自学考试模拟试题《英语词汇学》(共五套).docx

全国高等教育自学考试（一）英语词汇学试题课程代码：00832L Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a ______ group of letters printed or written horizontallyacross a piece of pape 匸 ( A. smallB. meaningfulC ・ vocalD ・ large 2. ____ belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including )informal ones available to everyone and in-group words. ( A. TerminologyB ・Jargon C ・ SlangD. Argot3. T'm sure that they will come today ；There are content words in the above sentence.( A. 2 B.3 C.4D. 54. Which of the following is one of the three channels through which modem English vocabulary develops? ( A. Acronym.B. Blending.C ・ Elevation.D ・ Borrowing.5. Social, economic and political changes bring about such new words as the followings EXCEPT _______ ・( )A. kungfu dinner D. Watergate6. In modem times, _____ is the most important way of vocabulary expansion. (C. fast foodA. semantic changeB. borrowingC, expansionD ・creation7. The plural morphme "-s" is realizd by/iz/after the following sounds EXCEPT A. /s/ c. /z/B./g/ D./^/8. The word “idealistic” comprises _____ m orphemes ・( A. 1B.29. The following words have inflectional affixes EXCEPT ______ .( )A. happier C. harderB. worker D. taller10. "Washing machine” is a word formed by ____ ・( )A. prefixationC・ conversionll.“TV”isa(n).( ) B. compounding D. blendingA. initialismB. acronymC. derivativeD. compound12. The prefix "mis-" in the word "mistrust" is a ______ refix ・()A. negative C. pejorativeB. reversative D. locative13. Which of the following is NOT one of the meanings of “word meaning^? ()A. Reference・B. Concept.C. Sense・D. Pronunciation.14. Such synonymous pair as “die-pass away" has the same ______ but different stylistic values. ( )A. referenceB. conceptC・ motivation D. style15. The word u airmaiT" is motivated. ( )A. onomatopocically C. semanticallyB. etymologically D. morphologically16. Words are arbitrary symbols with independent identities so far as their spelling and pronunciation is concerned. But __ , all words are related in one way or another.( )A. linguistically C. grammaticallyB. semantically D. pragmatically17, ___ , the basic meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called the central meaning・()A. Onomatopoeically C・ SynchronicallyB. Diachronically D. Etymologically18. One important criterion to tell the fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants is to see their _____________ ( )A. ideologyC・ mythology B. etymology D. methodology19. Vocabulary is the most ______ e lement of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content.A.unbalancedB. unstableC・ unhinged D.undoubted20. In Shakespeare's well-known Hamlet, rival means “ _____ 5,and jump means ( )A.janitorB. partnerC・ collector D. observer21 ・ In the sentence "Just after two years he is quite a grown boy now." The word ^rown can be classified into ________ sense of transfe r.( )A.physicalB. objectiveC・ sensational D. subjective22.In some cases, the meaning of a word may be influenced by the structure in which it occurs・ This is called ________ context. ( )A.nonJinguisticB. 1 exicalC・ grammatical D. cultural23.The sentence "He is a hard businessman/5 is ambiguous due to _____ ■( )A.grammatical structureB. lexical contextC・ homonymy D. polysemy24.The extra-linguistic context may extend to embrace the entire ______ •( )A. physical situationB. grammatical structureC. mental activityD. cultural background25.Which of the following is NOT one respect of the rhetorical features of idioms? ( )A. Phonetic manipulation.B. Lexical manipulation.C. Syntactical manipulation.D. Figures of speech・26.In nothing flat as an idiom is _____ i n nature・()A. verbalB. nominalC. adjectivalD. adverbial27・ The idiom "failure is the mother of success" is a ____ as far as figures of speech are concerned・( )A. simileB. metaphorC・ metonymy D. personification28.Which of the following is NOT one of the three good general dictionaries mentioned in the textbook?( )A.Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.B.Webster's Third New International Dictionary・C. A Chinese-English Dictionary・D.Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary・29. Webster's Third New International Dictionary is the best-known _______ dictionary ・( )A. unabridgedB. deskC. pocketD. encyclopedic30. British dictionaries generally use ____ t o mark the pronunciation. A. British Phonetic Alphabet B. American Phonetic Alphabet C. International Phonetic AlphabetD. Webster's Phonetic AlphabetII. Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of prefixes; 2) the functions ofaffixes; 3) types of antonyms; and 4) types of meanings. (10%)111. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%) 41. Grammarians insist that a word be a ____ form that can function in a sentence.42. In modern English, word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions because English has evolved from a synthetic language to the present _____ language ・43. The morphemes can be grouped into free morphemes and ______ m orphemes ・ 44. New words which are created by adding affixes to stems are called ______ ・ 45. Though having little lexical meaning, _____ words have strong grammatical meaning.46. The vocabulary of a language is in constant change; old items drop out, new items come in, and as the new replace the old, so the internal ____ of the whole set alter;47. The attitudes of classes have also made inroads into lexical meaning in the case of elevation or ______ . 4& The sentence T like Mary better than Jean." will lead to ______ . 49. The fixity of idioms depends on the ____ ・50. Encyclopedic dictionaries can be further divided into ______ and encyclopedic dictionaries.A( ) 31 ・ appreciativemeanings ( )32. parent/child ( ) 33. pejorative prefixes ( )34. man/woman( ) 35・ hyperactive/superfreeze ( ) 36. collocative meaning ( ) 37. decompose/unwrap ( ) 38. pejorative meaning ()39.radios/desks( )40.1 ocative prefixes BA. maltreatB. Jap/niggerC. tremble (not quiver) with fearD. famous/determinedE ・ extraordinaiy/telecommunication E prefixes of degree G. inflectional affixes H ・ reversative prefixes L contradictory termsJ. relative termsIV.Define the following terms. (10%)51.borrowed words52・ conversion53.motivation54.narrowing55.replacement of idiomsV.A nswer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)56.What are derivational affixes?57.What is grammatical meaning of a word? Give an example to illustrate your point・58.What type of transfer is experienced for the word in bold type?The fairy tale "The Sleeping Beauty" is very interesting.59.Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the stylistic features of idioms. Stylistically speaking, most idioms are neither formal nor informal・VL Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)60.Analyze and comment, with a diagram, on the italicized words increase, extend and expand in the following three sentences based on the concept of discrimination of synonyms.[a] The company has decided to increase its sales by ten per cent next year.[bj The owner of the restaurant is going to extend the kitchen by ten feet this year.[c] The metal will expand if heated.61.State the roles of context in detemiination of word meaning. Illustrate your points with examples・高等教育自学考试（二）英语词汇学试题课程代码：10059I .Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. (20%, 1 point for each)1. Bound morphemes are chiefly found in ________________ w ords.()A. derivationalB. functionalC. inflectionalD. compound2. It is estimated that English borrowings constitutewere recognized as languages of literary heritage and great scholarship. B. Latin and FrenchC. English and FrenchD. Latin and German4. The word naturalization can be broken down intoA. 60B. 80 C ・50 D ・70A.2B. 3C.4D.55. Words may fall into content words and functional words byA. notion B ・ originC. frequencyD. meaning6. The process of affixation is also known asA. expansionB. inflection C ・conversionD. derivation7. The word dog may have quite different meanings indifferent cultures. (A. denotativeB. affective C ・ lexical D. grammatical8. Idioms are, in general, felt to be stylisticallyA ・ formal B. frozen C ・ informal D ・ neutral 9. The process by which a word of reputation slides into a pejorative use is calledA. degradationB. transferC. elevationD. narrowing10. Semantic motivation refers to the mental associations suggested by the _________________ meaning of a word ・()percent of the modem English vocabulary.()3. During the Renaissance, A. Latin and Greekmorphemes.A. grammaticalB. associativeC. lexicalD. conceptual11. Associative meaning is the secondary meaning supplemented to the ________________ meaning. ()A. grammatical C. lexical12. Unlike prefixes which primarily change the meaning of the stem, suffixes such as -er in employer have a______________ semantic role. ( )A. positiveB. bigC. negativeD. small13. Of the following sentences, it is most appropriate to say: ()A. "a man changes his habits, alters his conduct, and varies his manner of speaking.' B ・ "a man alters his habits, changes his conduct, and varies his manner of speaking.' C ・ "a man changes his habits, varies his conduct, and alters his manner of speaking. D. "a man varies his habits, alters his conduct, and changes his manner of speaking.， 14. _____________ antonyms such as present /absent are mutually exclusive ・ ()A. ContraryB. RelativeC. ContradictoryD. Gradable15. The process by which a word of wider meaning acquired a specialized sense is called _________________ ・ ( )A. naiTOwingB. elevationC. extensionD. transfer16. Words created through back formation are mostly __________________ ・ ( )A. nounsB.adjectivesC. adverbsD. verbs17. In a broad sense, idioms in elude but are not limited to the following: ( )A. proverbs, colloquialisms, free phrasesB. colloquialisms, catch phrases, slang expressionsC. regular combinations, catch phrases, slang expressionsD. free phrases, colloquialisms, catch phrases18. The most productive means of conversion takes place _______________ ・ ( )A. from adjectives to nounsB. between nouns and verbsC. from adjectives to verbsD. between adjectives and verbs19. The idiom part and parcel manifests phonetic manipulation/feature of ________________ ・ ( )A. rhymeB. repetitionC. reiterationD. alliteration20. The main body of a dictionaiy is the ______________ of words. ()B. denotative D. connotativeB. p ronunciationsD. usage notesII eDecide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false. (20%, 2 points for each)21 ・ Compounds, such as silkworm and easy chair, function grammatically as a single word. ()22. It is incorrect in saying that free morphemes are free roots. ()23. As an early language, Celtic made a big contribution to the English vocabulary ・()24. The root, whether free or bound, generally carries the main component of meaning in a word ・ ()25. A word which has more than one meaning can have more than one antonym ・ ()26. The idiom earn one" s bread involves the metaphorical use of metonymy. () 27. Unlike prefixes which primarily change the meaning of the stem, suffixes serve to change the grammatical function ofthe stem.()2& Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability; they have limited productivity and collocability.()29. Conversion from noun to verb is not as productive as that of adjective to verb ・ ( )30. By form, we mean both its pronunciation and spelling ・ ()III <Complete the following statements with proper expressions according to the textbook. (10%, 2 points for each)3 l.In the study of words, it is important to know about the ________________ and growth of the vocabulary.32.Strictly speaking, idioms are not readily understandable from their _________________ meanings of the individual elements ・ 33. While applying rules of word-formation, we should remember that there are always _______________ .34. Although reference is a kind of abstraction, with the help of _______________ 9 it can refer to something specific ・ 35・ Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and _______________ ・IV • Match the words in Column A with those in Column B according to sense relations. (10%, 2 points for each) AB( ) 36・ expand A. doctor( ) 37. predecessorB. mare( ) 3& sea C. successor() 39・ surgeon D. see( ) 40. ponyE. enlargeV eStudy the given words and decide how each word is formed. (10%5 2 points for each)A. spellings C ・definitions ( )42.bookmark ( )43.orate ( )44.doc ( )45.medicare ( )VI.Answer the following questions* (15%)46.Exemplify, with one example each, the four types of clipping. (4%)47.Illustrate briefly the characteristics of idioms. (5%)4& Exemplify, with two pairs each, the three types of antonyms: contradictory terms, contrary terms, and relative terms.(6%)VILAnalyze and comment on the given sentence. (15%)49・ On Sunday they pray for you and on Monday they prey on you.全国高等教育自学考试（三）英语词汇学试题课程代码：00832L Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30% )1. As defined in terms of spoken language, a word is viewed as a sound or combination of sounds which are made voluntarilywith human ______ equipment.() A. visual B. vocal C. physicalD. mental2. Words may fall into content words and functional words by _______ ・( )A. use frequencyB. notionC. originD. sound3. ______ refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades and professions communicate among themselves ・( )A. TerminologyB. ArchaismsC. SlangD. Jargon4. Which of the following is NOT one of the three channels through which modem English vocabulary develops? ( )A. Creation.B. Semantic changes.C. Clipping.D. Borrowing.5. Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT ________ ・( ) dinnerB. earthriseC. moon walkD. space shuttle6. The surviving languages fall into eight principal groups, which can be grouped into the Eastern set and the _____________ set.( )A. Western C ・ American7. The plural morpheme is pronounced as/z/in the following words EXCEPT B. bags D. bottles & The word "prisoner” comprises B.2 D.49. The following words have derivational affixes EXCEPTB. African D. NorthernA. beds C. cheatsmorphemes ・( A. 1 C.310. The prefix M over-n in the word "overweight" is a prefix ofA. orientation and attitude B・ degree orsizeC. time and order D・number11. The method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes is calledA. back-formationB. acronymyC. conversion12. "Champagne”，a common noun, comes from a D・clipping•(A. name of a person B・ name of a placeC. name of a bookD. tradename13. is the relationship between language and the world. (A. Reference B・ConceptC. Sense D・Motivation14. Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and itsA. formB. pronunciationC. spelling15. The word “D. meaning” is an onomatopoetically motivated word・(A. miaowB. swordC. laconicD. ainnail16. In modem English, an overwhelming majority of words areA. originalB. initialC. polysemousD. periodical,the derived meanings, no matter how many, are secondary in comparison・(17.A. SynchronicallyB. DiachronicallyC. EtymologicallyD. Onomatopoetically18. Want, wish, like and desire are synonyms, but as far as intensity is concerned, is the strongest of all. (A. wishB. likeC. wantD. desire19.There are five types of meaning changes and among which ________ a re the most common・( )A. degradation and elevationB. transfer and extensionC. elevation and narrowingD. extension and narrowing20.Due to ______ r eason, a word is retained for a name though the meaning has changed because the referent has changed.( )A. verbal idiom in natureB. nominal idiom in nature21 ・ Among the following words only generalized.()is the word which originally had a specialized meaning and now has becomeA. journalB. wifeC ・ accidentD ・ disease22. Based on context, we can arrive at the meaning of "do a sum” ・(A. grammatical B ・ lexicalD. non-linguistic23. The sentence "The fish is ready to eat.” is ambiguous due to _____C. culturalA. grammatical structureB. hyponymyC. cultural influenceD. non-linguistic context24. In the sentence "Perhaps the most startling theory to come out of kinesics, the study of body movement, was suggested by Professor Birdwhistell.H The meaning of kinesics can be inferred from the clue of・()A. definitionB ・synonymy D. hyponymy25. Which of the following is NOT a figure of speech?()C. antonymyA. Metaph or.B ・Personification. C. Euphemism.26. Never do things by halves is a (n) D ・Shortening.•( ) C. sentence idiom D. adverbial idiom in nature27. The change of idiom "Silence is golden 11 from the original form isA. replacementB. position-shiftingD ・ shortening 28. The following are the unique features of Collins CO BUILD English Language Dictionary EXCEPT C ・ additionA. definitionB. extra columnC. usage examplesD. clear grammar codes29. Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionaiy (1983) is a (n) ___________ dictionary ・(A. unabridgedB. deskC. pocketD. encyclopedic30. Which of the following is NOT true for the Chinese-English Dictionary (Revised Edition) (CED) (1995) ?( A. The new edition has more single character entries and more multi-character entries. B. The new edition revised some old entries.C. The new edition cut off the previous alphabetical order of entries.D. The dictionary boasts of the quality of the English equivalents.II • Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of word formation; 2) types of morphemes; 3) types of vocabulary by notion; and 4) discrimination of synonyms. (10% )A B()31・ honeybee A. difference in application()32・ handy/manual B・ difference in denotation()33・ upon C. bound morpheme()34. rich/wealthy D・ clipping()35・ medicare E. fimctional word()36. answer/reply F content word()37. flu G. compounding()38. steel H. initialism()39.VOA L blending()40. idealistic J. difference in connotationI]I. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10 % )41._____ are newly-created words or expressions,, or words that have taken on new meanings.42.In modern English, word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions because English has evolved from a______ language to the present analytic language・43.The morphemes can be grouped into _______ morphemes and bound morphemes・44.The prefix n un-n in the word n unwrap n is a ________ prefix・45.Lexical meaning of a word has two concepts: ________ meaning and associative meaning・46.Hyponymy can be described in terms of _______ graphs, with higher-order superordinates above the lower subordinates・47.In Old English, animals and their _______share the same name.48.Stmctural patterns where a particular word is used is called ________ context.49.Idioms verbal in nature can be subdivided into _______ verbs and other verb phrases.50.Webster's Third New International Dictionary is the best-known _______ dictionary・IV.Define the following terms. (10% )51.bound morphemes52.affixes53・ blending54.unabridged dictionary55.dismembering of idiomV.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)56.What are the three periods in view of the development of English vocabulary?57.How many types do bound morphemes include? What are they?58.What is concept? Give an example to illustrate your point.59.How do you use a dictionary to the full?VI.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (20 % )60.Analyze the following dialogue and comment on the rhetoric use of homonym in italicized font. Customer: "How come yoursausages taste like meat at one end, but like bread at the other? H Butcher replied: ”Madam, in times like these no butcher can make both ends meet. H61.Analyze and comment on the following statement.As most words have more than one meaning, it is often impossible to tell the meaning of a word before it is used in context.高等教育自学考试（四）英语词汇学试题课程代码：10059I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.(45%)1. The symbolic connection between sound and meaning is almost alwaysA. motivatedB. arbitraryC. logicalD. unconventional2. Pronouns and numerals are semantically and have limitedA. polysemous; use and stabilityB. monosemous; collocability and stabilityC. polysemous; use and productivityD. monosemous; productivity and collocability3. There are generally two approaches to the study of words, namely synchronic and .(A. dynamicB. paradigmaticC. diachronicD. syntagmatic4. Old English is a highly language just like modern German/A. agglutinativeB. analyticC. isolatingD. inflected5. Old English began to undergo a great change when the invaded England in 1066.(A. RomansB. DanesC. NormansD. Jutes6. The English Language is noted for the remarkable and of its vocabulary/A. complexity, heterogeneityB. purity, simplicityC・ naturalness, simplicity D・ naturalness, conventionality7. The popular method of classifying English morphemes is to group them into morphemes andmorphemes.(A. derivational, inflectionalB. free, boundC. free, inflectionalD. root, boundis the form to which affixes of any kind can be added.(A. rootB. stemC. 1 exemeD. headword9. In English, bound roots are either or ・(B.Greek, ScandinavianA. Latin, French10.The chief function of suffixation is to ______A.change the word-classB.change the meaning of the stemC・ change the semantic function of the stemD. all the above11._____________________________________________________ Affixation is the formation of words by adding word-forming or _________________________________________________ affixes to stems.( )A.derivational B・inflectionalC.boundD. locative12.Back formation is considered to be the opposite process of _______ .( )A.prefixationB. compoundingC.clippingD. suffixation13.Associative meaning comprises several types except _______ .( )A.connotative meaningB. stylistic meaningC.affective meaningD. lexical meaning14.“MuctT and “many” have the same _______ .( )A. concept B・motivationC. collocationD. sense15._____ meaning refers to that part of the meaning of the word which indicates grammatical concept or relationships.( )A. LexicalB. ConceptualC. Associative D・ Grammatical16. ____ is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages because overwhelming majority of words have more than one meaning.( )A. Polysemy B・ HyponymyC. SynonymyD. Homonymy17.The difterences between synonyms boil down to three areas: ________ .( )A.elevation, connotation, applicationB.connotation, elevation, degradationC.connotation, denotation, applicationD.amelioration, deterioration, denotation18.A ____ term is general and a/an _______ term is specific^ )A. hyponym,subordinateB. superordinate, subordinateC. polysemant, monosemantD. lower, upper19. ____ have experienced the extension of meanings.( )A. Proper nouns in the pastB. Polysemic words of modern EnglishC. Technical terms in the pastD. All the above20.If a word which used to have a more _________ sense becomes restricted in its application in a present-day language, the word has undergone narrowing of meaning.( )A. specific B・ pejorativeC. generalD. appreciative21 ・ Many low, humble and despised occupations take more ______ names due to _______ r easons.( )A. appealing, economic B・ vulgar, psychologicalC. appealing, psychologicalD. non・affbchng, psychological22.Ambiguity is caused mainly by ______ context.( )A. lexicalB. historicalC. grammaticalD. inadequate23._____ and ______ often define each other, thus forming an important context clue.( )A. Antonymy, synonymy B・Hyponymy, homonymyC. Superordinates, subordinatesD. Lexical words, grammatical words24.Context is very important for the understanding of word-meaning because the meaning is influenced immediately by the_____ context, and in many cases by the whole ________ a s well.( )A. lexical, linguistic contextB. linguistic, speech situationC. grammatical, lexical contextD. lexical, extra-linguistic context25.Being phrases or sentences, idioms consist of more than _______ word, but each is a semantic unity.( )A. one B・twoC. threeD. four26.Idioms manifest apparent rhetorical coloring which excludes _______ .( )A. lexical manipulationB. stylistic manipulationC. phonetic manipulation D・figures of speech27.The semantic unity of idioms is also reflected in the _______ relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom.( )A. logicalB. lexicalC. illogicalD. grammatical28•厶ongman Lexicon of Contemporary English was compiled on the principle of _______ .( )A. pronunciation B・fieldsC. spellingD. usage29._____is a monolingual dictionary.( )A.Oxford Advance d L earners Dictionary of Contemporaiy English with Chinese TranslationB.New English-Chinese DictionatyC.Chinese-English DictionaryD.Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English30.Both LDCE and CCELD are _______ .( )A.monolingual dictionaries B・ general dictionariesC. encyclopedic dictionariesD. both A and BIIL Complete the following statements with proper expressions according to the textbook.(5%)41.Stylistics is concerned with the user's ________ of linguistic elements in a particular context for special efleets.42.Of all the borrowed words in English, about ________ a re from French・43.Free morphemes and free ______ are identical.44.It deserves noting that conversion is not only a change of grammatical function of the lexical item involved but with itthe different range of ______ that it originally carried.45.Parts of speech of words, singular and plural meaning of nouns, these meaning of verbs all belong to _________ meaning・IV.Study the following words and decide how each word is formed.(10%)Example: disobey (affixation)46.honeymoon ( ) 47. medicare ( )48. donn ( ) 49. AIDS ( )。

2022年自考专业(英语)英语词汇学考试真题及答案1

2022年自考专业(英语)英语词汇学考试真题及答案一、单项选择题1、The definition of a word comprises the following points EXCEPT __（）A.sound unityB.minimal free form of a languageC.unit of meaningD.form that cannot function alone in a sentence2、"Dog" is the father of "doglike", "doghood", "dogsleep", etA.This example shows that words of the basic stock have the characteristic of __（）B.stabilityC.polysemyD.productivityE.ollocability3、Which of the following groups consists of both content words and functional words（）A.rise, five, fun, waterB.ten, but, red, ofC.of, is, in, theD.wind, sun, go, bright4、In Middle English vocabulary, we can find words relating to every aspect of human society, e. g. government, law, food, fashion and so on. Which of the following words does NOT belong to them（）A.logB.aconC.JudgeD.Power5、Which of the following statements is NOT true（）A.nglish is more closely related to German than FrenchB.Old English was a slightly inflected languageC.Old English was a language of full endingsD.Middle English was a language of leveled endings6、In the early Modern English, Europe saw a new upsurge of learning ancient Greek and Roman classics. This is known in history as __（）A.IndustrializationB.lizabethan AgeC.RenaissanceD.Victorian Age7、The word "denaturalization" can be broken down into "de-", "nature", "-al", "-ize", "-anon", each having meaning of its own. These minimal meaningful units are known as __（）A.morphemesB.llomorphsC.rootD.stem8、Which of the following is the root of the word "internationalists"（）A.interB.nationC.-istD.-al9、Which of the following words is an example of free morphemes （）A.TriedB.eetC.WorkerD.nger10、Which of the following statements is NOT true（）A.Prefixation is the formation of new words by addingsuffixes to stemsB.Prefixes do not generally change the word-class of the stemC.Prefixes only modify the meaning of the stemD.Present-day English finds an increasing number of class-changing prefixes11、Among the following words, __contains a prefix of time and order（）A.x-wifeB.vice-chairmanC.oreheadD.maltreat12、"A green hand" means an "inexperienced person", not a hand that is green in color. In this sense, we can judge that "a green hand" is a __（）A.morphemeB.proverbC.ompoundD.ree phrase13、The following words are onomatopoetically motivated words EXCEPT __（）A.angB.miniskirtD.hiss14、When we say the "mouth" of a river, we associate the opening part of the river with the mouth of a human being or an animal. In this sense, the word "mouth" conveys __（）A.onomatopoeic motivationB.morphological motivationC.semantic motivationD.tymological motivation15、"Black" is a kind of color but its meaning is obviously affected when it occurs in such phrases as "black coffee", "black market", etc.This example demonstrates __（）A.grammatical meaning of a word becomes important only when it is used in actual contextB.ffective meaning varies from individual to individual, from culture to cultureC.stylistic difference is especially true of synonymsD.ollocation can affect the meaning of words16、"The front of the head" is the __meaning of the word "face （）A.erivedB.primaryD.secondary17、Homonyms are generally words different in __（）A.soundB.spellingC.ormD.meaning18、__share a likeness in denotation as well as in part of speech（）A.SynonymsB.ntonymsC.HomonymsD.Hyponyms19、Word-meaning changes by the following modes EXCEPT __（）A.xtensionB.upgradationC.specializationD.transfer20、The word "meat", which originally meant "food", but now has come to mean "flesh of animals", is an example to illustrate __of meaning（）A.generalizationB.narrowingC.egradationD.levation21、The process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance is called __of meaning（）A.xtensionB.narrowingC.transferD.levation22、In __context the meaning of the word is often affected and defined by the neighbouring words（）A.xtra-linguisticB.non-linguisticC.lexicalD.grammatical23、__gives rise to ambiguity in the sentence "I like Mary better than Jean（）A.PolysemyB.HomonymyC.Non-linguistic contextD.Grammatical structure24、What kind of context clue is used in the sentence "Perhaps the most startling theory to come out of kinesics, the study of body movement, was suggested by Professor Bird Whistell"（）A.xplanationB.efinitionC.xampleD.Synonymy25、"Diamond cut diamond" is an idiom, which reflects __（）A.the constituents of idioms can‘t be replacedB.the word order can‘t be invertedC.the constituents of an idiom can‘t be deletedD.many idioms are grammatically unanalysable26、"Jack of all trades" is an idiom __in nature（）A.verbalB.nominalC.djectivalD.dverbial27、"Turn on" and "turn off" are antonymous idioms, resulting from __（）A.replacementB.dditionC.shorteningD.position-shifting28、__dictionaries involve the most complete description of words available to us（）A.UnabridgedB.eskC.PocketD.Linguistic29、Collins COBUILD English Usage （1992）is a（n）__dictionary（）A.unabridgedB.ncyclopedicC.ilingualD.specialized30、You can find the real English equivalents to some Chinese items in __（）A.hinese-English Dictionary （Revised Edition）（1995）B.Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English with Chinese TranslationC.New English-Chinese DictionaryD.Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English with ChineseTranslation二、填空题题1、The English vocabulary can be classified by different criteria and for different purposes. Words may fall into content words and functional words by __2、The world has approximately 3000 （some put it 5000）languages, which can be grouped into roughly 300 language families and on the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and __3、Morphemes which are independent of other morphemes are considered to be __4、According to the __which affixes occupy in words, affixation falls into prefixation and suffixation5、Conceptual meaning is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the __of word-meaning6、From the diachronic point of view, __is assumed to be the result of growth and development of the semantic structure of one and same word7、The word "picture" originally denoted only "painting", but now has come to include "drawings" and even "photographs". This is an example to illustrate __8、Linguistic context can be subdivided into lexical contextand __context9、Idioms each are a semantic __，though each consists of more than one word10、Encyclopedic dictionaries can be further divided into __and encyclopedic dictionaries三、名词解释题1、neologisms2、stem3、reference4、degradation5、true idioms四、简答题1、leorn-ian-Tern-en->learn The above is the development of the word "learn" from Old English through Modern English to Middle English. What can be concluded from the above example from the viewpoint of development of English vocabulary2、What is affixation3、Tell the difference between perfect homonyms and polysemants so far as semantic relatedness is concerned4、Guess the meaning of the underlined word in the following sentence and tell what context clue is used. Indian artists were more active in the quattrocento than in the sixteenth centurywhich followed五、论述题1、Explain full conversion and partial conversion by taking "drinkables" and 查看答案【二、填空题题】1notion2grammar3free4position5core6~10点击下载查看答案【三、名词解释题】1neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on new meanings.2a stem can be defined as a form to which affixes of any kind can be added．3Reference is the relationship between language and the world，In other words on1y when a connection has been established between the linguistic sign and a referent, i. e. an object, aphenomenon, a person, etc. does the sign become meaningful4Degradation or peroration of meaning is the opposite of semantic elevation. It is a process whereby words of good origin fall into ill reputation or non-affective words come to be used in derogatory sense.5Idioms consist of set phrases and short sentences, which are peculiar to the language in question and loaded with the native cultures and ideas. The true idioms of a language share three common features that differentiate them from plain andsimple collocations: (1) They are not compositional, (2) Their words are not substitutable, and (3) They are not modifiable. 【四、简答题】1In modern English, word ending were mostly lost with just a few exceptions .It can be concluded that English has evolved from a synthetic language(Old English)to the present analytic language.本题考查其次章印欧语系词汇变化的相关内容2Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stems. This process is also known as derivation, for new words created in this way are derived from old forms.本题考查第四章英语构成词缀法的概念的理解3The fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants lies in the fact that the former refers to different words which happen to share the same form and the latter is the one and same word which has several distinguishable meanings。

全国自考《英语词汇学》真题试题及答案测评

全国202X年10月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学真题课程代码：00832本卷子总分值100分，考试时间150分钟.考生答题考前须知：1.本卷全部真题必须在答题卡上作答。

答在卷子上无效。

卷子空白处和反面均可作草稿纸。

2.第—局部为选择题。

必须对应卷子上的题号使用28铅笔将“答题卡〞的相应代码涂黑。

3.第二局部为非选择题。

必须注明大、小题号，使用0．5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。

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超出答题地域无效。

第—局部选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and blacken the corresponding letter A,B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(30%)1. Which of the following does NOT belong to the characteristics of the basic word stockA.All national character.B. Productivity.C. Stability.D. Terminology.2.Which of the following statements is NOT trueA.Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by use frequency.B.Words may fall into content words and functional words by notion.C.Words may fall into loan-words and notional words by the degree of assimilation.D.Words may fall into native words and borrowed words by origin.3.Which of the following is NOT true about the description of the relationship between sound and meaningA.There is intrinsic relationship between sound and meaning.B.The symbolic connection of a sound and its meaning is almost always arbitrary.C.The relationship between sound and meaning is conventional.D.In different languages the same concept can be represented by different sounds.4.In the Western set,____is the modern language derived from Hellenic.tinB. GreekC. RussianD. Spanish5.Which of the following statements is NOT true about the English vocabularyA.English is more closely related to German than French.B.Scandinavian languages refer to Icelandic, Norwegian, Danish and Swedish.C.Modern English is considered to be an analytic language.D.In Early Middle English period, English, Latin and Celtic existed side by side.6.From the historical overview of the English vocabulary, the period of Old English is____.A. from 55B.C. to 410 B. from 450 to 1150C. from 1150 to 1500D. from 1500, then up to now7.Which of the following words does NOT have inflectional affixesA. Happier.B. Worker.C. Harder.D. Taller.8.The word “idea listic〞comprises____morpheme(s).A.1B.2C.3D.49.Which of the following words is NOT a stemA. Nation.B. National.C. International.D. Internationalists.10.The word “sandwich〞now denotes a popular fast food. It originates from John Montague, Fourth Earl of Sandwich in 18th century. This example shows one of the sources of English vocabulary is____.A. compoundB. proper nounsC. back-formationD. conversion11.Which of the following words is the example of blendingA. Motel.B. Sandwich.C. Flu.D.AIDS.12.Which of the following words is NOT a noun compoundA. Moon walk.B. Ten-storey.C. Outbreak.D. Up-bringing.13.The meanings of many words often relate directly to their origins. In other words the history of the word explains the meaning of the word. This is called____.A. onomatopoeic motivationB. morphological motivationC. semantic motivationD. etymological motivation14.a) They chucked a stone at the cops, and then did a bunk with the loot,b) After casting a stone at the police, they absconded with the money.The above two sentences have the same conceptual meaning, but differ in____meaning.A. connotativeB. affectiveC. stylisticD. collocative15.____meaning indicates the speaker's attitude towards the person or thing in questions.A. ConceptualB. StylisticC. AffectiveD. Denotative16.Words identical both in sound and spelling, but different in meaning are____.A.homographsB. homophonesC. perfect homonymsD. hyponyms17.Words “change〞，“alter〞and “vary〞are similar in denotation，but embrace different shades of meaning. They are____.A. absolute synonymsB. complete synonymsC. full synonymsD. relative synonyms18.Words like “red, orange, yellow, green，black，etc.〞make up the____of “colours〞.A. synonymsB.hyponymsC. sense relationsD.semantic field19.V ocabulary is the most unstable element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and____.A. pronunciationB.contentC. spellinge20.The meaning of the word “criticize〞has changed from “apprais e〞to “find fault with〞. Such a change is called____.A. elevationB.generalizationC. extensionD.degradation21.The word “meat〞originally meant ‘‘food’，，but now has come to mean “flesh of animals〞. This is an example to illustrate____of meaning.A. generalizationB. narrowingC. degradationD. elevation22.In grammatical context, the meaning of a word may be influenced by the____ in which it occurs.A. structureB. sentenceC. phraseD. clause23.The word “do〞means “brush〞in “do one’s teeth〞，while it means “arrange〞in “do the flowers〞.The above example shows that____affects the meaning of a word.A. lexical contextB. grammatical contextC. non-linguistic contextD. structural context24.Which of the following is NOT one of the major functions of contextA.Elimination of ambiguity.B.Indication of referents.C.Formation of ambiguity.D. Provision of clues for inferring word-meaning.25.Which of the following is NOT one of the variations of idiomsA. Repetition.B. Dismembering,C. Addition.D. Shortening.26 .“Thr ough thick and thin〞is a(n)____.A. verbal idiom in natureB. nominal idiom in natureC. sentence idiomD. adverbial idiom in nature27.There is a____in the idiom “by hook and by crook〞as far as rhetorical features of idioms are concerned.A. simileB. reiterationC. repetitionD. rhyme28.Webster's Third New International Dictionary is the best-known____dictionary.A. unabridgedB. deskC. pocketD. encyclopedic29.When we choose a dictionary, we should pay attention to the following aspects EXCEPT____.A. unabridged or abridgedB. British or AmericanC. early or lateD. monolingual or bilingual30.Which of the following is NOT true about a Chines e-English Dictionary (Revised Edition) (CED) (1995)A.The new edition cut off the previous alphabetical order of entries.B.The new edition revised some old entries.C.The new edition has more single character entries and more multi-character entries,D.The dictionary boasts of the quality of the English equivalents.非选择题局部考前须知：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在真题卷上。

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英语词汇学自考题-1(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Ⅰ.(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.A tricycle has ______ wheels.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four（分数：1.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：词缀“tr-”是表示数字的前缀，它表示的意思是“三……”。

例如，a triangle指的是三角形。

2.The idiom Jack of all trades results from ______.A. additionB. position-shiftingC. dismemberingD. shortening（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. √解析：缩短法(shortening)偶尔出现在部分格言或者谚语中，这些格言或谚语以一部分指代整个句子所代表的含义。

习语“jack of all trades”的完整形式是“jack of all trades and master of none”。

3.Degradation of meaning is the opposite of ______.A. semantic transferB. semantic pejorationC. semantic elevationD. semantic narrowing（分数：1.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：4.______ is unstable, varying considerably according to culture, historical period, and the experience of individuals.A. Stylistic meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Collocative meaningD. Affective meaning（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：内涵意义(connotative meaning)指的是词的语法意义所包含的暗示意思和相关联想。

词语的内涵意义是不稳定的，根据不同的文化、历史时期和个人的经历而呈现出差异性。

5.In the same language, the same concept can be expressed in ______.A. only one wordB. two wordsC. more than three wordsD. different words（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. √解析：一般来说，词的“意义”的意义就是指的“语义”(sense)，它和所指(reference)不同。

“sense”指的是语言内部的关系。

一个表达的语义就是其在一门语言中，在它和其他表达所形成的语义关系系统中所处的位置。

6.The meaning of a word is influenced immediately by ______.A. linguistic contextB. situational contextC. grammatical contextD. extra-linguistic context（分数：1.00）A. √B.C.D.解析：在句子中，词的意思直接受到其语言环境(linguistic context)的影响。

语言环境包括词汇语境(lexical context)和语法语境(grammatical context)，在前者中，词的意思受到其临近的词的影响；在后者中，词的意思受到其所在的结构的影响。

7.Synchronically, the basic meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called ______.A. primary meaningB. derived meaningC. central meaningD. secondary meaning（分数：1.00）A.B.C. √解析：从共时性的角度来看，一词多义现象是指某一个词所具有的不同的意思在一定的历史时期共存的现象。

在这种情况下，一个词的基本意思(basic meaning)就构成了词义的核心，被称为“中心意思”(centralmeaning)。

8.In Shakespearean line rats and mice and such small deer, deer obviously designates ______in general.A. a doeB. animalC. a deer-like animalD. buck）1.00（分数：A.B. √C.D.解析：9.Both LDCE and CCELD are ______.A. general dictionariesB. monolingual dictionariesC. both A and BD. neither A nor B（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：10.If two main constituents of an idiom share the same initial sound, it is called ______.A. repetitionB. alliterationC. thymeD. none of the above（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：头韵(alliteration)指两个或两个以上的单词首字母相同，从而形成悦耳的读音。

常见的押头韵的短语有：first and foremost(首先)，(with)might and main(尽全力地)，chop and change(变化无常)等。

脚韵或尾韵(rhyme)指的是不同的词结尾音相同。

例如，fair and square(光明正大，诚实)。

反复(repetition)指的是同一个词的重复。

例如，out and out(完完全全)。

因此，本题应选择B。

11.Which of the following statements is true?A. Every word has reference.B. Every word has sense.C. Every word is semantically motivated.D. Every word is conceptually motivated.（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：“所指”表示的是语言和客观世界的关系。

“意义”的意义也就是所说的语义，即sense，而sense表示的是语言内部的关系。

每一个有意义(meaning)的词都有语义(sense)，但是并不是每一个词都有“所指”。

例如if，but，yes等词在客观世界中没有任何指代的对象。

12.Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of ______.A. humourB. sarcasmC. ridiculeD. all the above）1.00（分数：A.B.C.D. √解析：13.Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping?A. Dorm.B. Motel.C. Gent.D. Zoo.（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：截短法(clipping)是指把一个词的一部分截去，而只用剩余的部分的方法。

例如 dorm(dormitory)，gent(gentleman)，zoo(zoological garden)等。

题目中的“motel”是从两个词中各取一部分拼缀在一起构成的词，使用的方法是拼缀法(blending)，即“motel=motor+hotel”。

14.Which of the following belongs to number prefixes?A. Auto-.B. Mis-.C. Hemi-.D. Pre-.（分数：1.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：15.There is no difference between natural vitamins and synthetic vitamins. The synonym ofsynthetic is ______.A. artificialB. rhetoricC. practicalD. theoretical（分数：1.00）A. √B.C.D.解析：16.There are ______ major classes of compounds.A. twoB. fourC. threeD. five（分数：1.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：复合词主要有三类：名词性复合词，形容词性复合词和动词性复合词。

17.After the invading Germanic tribes, settled down in Britain, their language almost totallyblotted out ______.A. Old EnglishB. Middle EnglishC. Anglo-SaxonD. Celtic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. √解析：在罗马人之后，Angles，Saxons和Jutes几个日耳曼的部落入侵英国，他们的语言Anglo-Saxon(盎格鲁-萨克逊语)占据了优势地位，而Celtic(凯尔特语)几乎被湮没。

18.Semantics is the study of meaning of different ______ levels; lexis, syntax, utterance,discourse, etc.A. linguisticB. grammaticalC. arbitraryD. semantic（分数：1.00）A. √B.C.D.解析：19.Neologisms are newly-created words, expressions or words that have taken on ______ meanings.A. newB. oldC. badD. good（分数：1.00）A. √B.C.D.解析：20.The Normans invaded England in 1066. The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of ______words into English.A. FrenchB. GreekC. RomanD. Latin（分数：1.00）A. √B.C.D.解析：21.Mackintosh, loomers and cherub are from ______.A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames（分数：1.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：题目中的“mackintosh”，“bloomers”和“cherub”三个词来自于早期的人名，这些人主要是科学家和发明家等。