学术英语pre总结

Unit 1

1.Do you agree that it is sheer neuron overload on the doctor side that leads to the

complaint that doctors don’t listen? (Pre. 1)

Neuron overload

Patients’ high expectations

Mistrust and misunderstanding between the patients and physician

2.One stray request （偏离正题的要求）from Mrs. Osorio sends the delicately

balanced three-ring circus tumbling down. (Pre. 4)

The author was in moderate state of panic: juggling so many thoughts about Mrs. O sorio’s conditions and trying to resolve them all

Mrs. Osorio made a trivial request, not so important as compared to her conditions Mrs. Osorio seemed to care only about her “innocent—and completely justified—request”: the form signed by her doctor

The doctor tried to or at least pretended to pay attention to the patients while completing documentation

The doctor could no longer handle everything properly.

pare multitasking in human beings and in the computer field. (Pre. 5) Multitasking originated in computer science.

Microprocessors in fact linear, actually performing only one task at a time Multitasking is just as an illusion both in computer and humans.

At best, human juggling only a handful of thoughts in this manner

The more thoughts we juggle, the less we are able to attune fully to any given thought.

V

e numbers to justify that it is juggling mind that keeps doctors awake at night.

(Pre. 6)

If the doctor does a good job juggling 98% of the time, that still leaves ten thoughts that might get lost in the process.

5.Possible solutions to the impossible high-wire act of juggling competing details

and panicking about slipping a critical one. (Pre. 7)

computer-generated reminders (计算机提示)

case managers (病例管理人)

ancillary services (辅助服务)

the simplest: time

Unit 2

1.What does the author imply by mentioning two choices? (Pre. 1)

The war against infectious diseases is not over.

If we do not do anything about the reemerging diseases, there will be serious

consequences.

People are wrongly complacent about the prevention and control of infectious diseases.

2.Describe the heady days (令人兴奋的日子) of victory declarations and what

followed ever since. (Pre. 2)

Victory declarations

Surgeon General William Stewart’s hyperbolic (夸张的) statement of closing “the book on infectious disease”

A string of (一系列的) impressive victories incurred by antibiotics and vaccines

The thought that the war against infectious diseases was almost over

Unexpected outcome

Appearance of new diseases such as AIDS and Ebola

Comeback of the old afflictions

Diphtheria (白喉) in the former Soviet Union

TB in urban centers like New York City

Rising Group A streptococcal conditions like scarlet fever (猩红热)

The fear of a powerful new flu strain (流感病毒) sweeping the world

3.Justify “the realization that world health is indivisible”. (Pre. 4)

We can not meet most local needs without proper attention to the health conditions of the globe.

National borders are meaningless as pathogenic microbes may spread across the world.

4.What are the four areas of focus according to Bob Howard? (Pre. 7)

Need for surveillance

Updated science capable of dealing with discoveries in the field

Appropriate prevention and control

Strong public health infrastructure (基础设施)

5.“Old enemies never dies.” Justify it medically. (Pre. 8)

Resurgence of infectious diseases

TB

Flu

Diphtheria

Scarlet fever

Unit 3

1.How much do you know about MS and autoimmune disease? (Pre. 2) Symptoms as mentioned by the author

loss of stamina and strength体力和精力下降

problems with balance平衡问题