1998年8月TOEFL语法笔
1998年8月TOEFL语法笔记编委：站在水的中央审委：Ivy1．Because air is highly compressible, ____to define a clear upper boundary of the atmosphere.(A) it is impossible(B) impossible is(C) so the impossibility(D) is the impossibilityKey：A分析：考点是主谓结构。
逗号之前是一个原因状语从句，逗号后面缺乏主谓。
答案A。
参考译文：因为空气高度可压缩，所以要想给大气层定义一个清楚的外延是不可能的。
2．BASIC, the acronym for Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code, is a high - level Instruction Code, is a high - level computer programming language_____.(A) learning relatively simple(B) related it simply to learning(C) simple and relative to learn(D) that is relatively simple to learnKey：D分析：考点是定语成分。
题干中有了完整的主谓宾，要填的内容有两种可能：1.作为句子的一个成分(定语，状语等) ；2.从句(要有连接词，完整的主谓宾)。
从意思上可以看出，答案D，定语从句。
参考译文：BASIC是Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code的首字母缩写，它是一学起来想对简单的高级计算机编程语言。
3. ______ Frances Perkins held the post of labor secretary for twelve years.(A) The first woman appointed by a United States President to a cabinet position was(B) The first woman appointed by a United States President to a cabinet position(C) Appointed by a United States President to a cabinet position was the first womanwho(D) The first woman was appointed by a United States President to a cabinet position1whoKey：B分析：考点是同位语。
题干中有了完整的主谓宾，要填的内容有两种可能：1.作为句子的一个成分，这里只可能是主语同位语2.从句(要有连接词,完整的主谓宾)。
由此排除A,C,D。
参考译文：F.P.是第一个由美国总统任命的内阁成员，她担任劳动部长长达12年之久。
4. _____ at the turn of the century, the Minnesota State Capitol building is made of whitegranite and marble.(A) Erected(B) Was erected(C) To erect it(D) Erecting itKey：A分析：考点是分词结构。
逗号后面结构完整是主句，则要填的内容有两种可能：1.作为句子的一个成分(定语,状语等) 2.从句(要有连接词,完整的主谓宾)。
答案A，分词短语作状语。
（B）没有连词，没有主语，没法做分句；（C）语态错误，其是被erect；（D）同理C。
参考译文：M.S.C.building建于世纪之交，它是由花岗岩和大理石建成。
5. A stream of volcanic lava flows differently, _____ on the sort of ground it flows over.(A) to depend(B) depending(C) that dependent(D) when it dependedKey：B分析：考点是动词的分词结构。
空格前面句子结构完整，后面要填的内容有两种可能：1.作为句子的一个成分(定语，状语等) 2.从句(要有连接词，完整的主谓宾)。
答案B，现分词作状语。
（A）不定式只能作目定状语，不能以这种伴随形式出现；（C）作为从句其没有谓语，错（D）时态错误，大自然中发生的事实，得用一般现在时，不能用过去时态。
参考译文：火山熔岩由于其所流过的地表类型的不同，会有不同的流动方式。
6. ____ large amounts of vitamin E found in green leaves, such as lettuce, and in cereals,especially in wheat germ.(A) The(B) They have2(C) There are(D) Because ofKey：C分析：考点是主谓结构。
题干中缺乏主语谓语,答案C，there be句型。
(A) 使得句子没有了主语，错；(B) they 指代不明，故肯定不对；(D)使得句子没有了主语，错。
参考译文：绿叶例如生菜和谷物尤其是麦芽中含有大量的维生素E。
7. A popular belief _____ radio and television have homogenized the language of the UnitedStates.(A)states that(B)that is stated(C)that states(D) stating thatKey：A分析：考点是主谓结构。
空格部分为谓语，答案A。
谓语后面接宾语从句。
(B)(C)(D) 因为如果选它们中的任何一个，整个句子将没有谓语宾语。
参考)译文：人们通常认为广播和电视使得美国各地的语言趋于同一。
8. The astronomical unit is the average distance of the Earth from the Sun _____ is thestandard of distances in the Solar System.(A) and(B) also(C) in addition(D) becauseKey：A分析：考点是平行结构。
前后的两个is 是并列关系，而答案中只有and可以连接两个并列的动词。
答案A。
参考译文：天文单位是太阳和地球之间的平均距离，它也是太阳系中度量距离的一个尺度。
9. In 1952 Ernest Hemingway published The Old Man and the Sea _______.(A)won him the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954(B)and the Nobel Prize for Literature won in 1954(C)in 1954 won the Nobel Prize for Literature for this work.(D)a work that won him the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954Key：D3分析：考点是同位语。
题干中有了完整的主谓宾, 要填的内容有两种可能：1.作为句子的一个成分(定语，状语等)；2.从句(要有连接词，完整的主谓宾)。
答案D。
一个有定语从句修饰的名词充当同位语。
当同位语和n.关系特别密切时，可以省略两者之间的逗号。
（A）没有主语的从句，错（B）won缺乏宾语；（C）won 缺乏主语；参考译文：1952年，Ernest Hemingway 出版了《老人与海》，一部为他在1954年赢得了诺贝尔文学奖的著作。
10. Many birds have feathers _____ with their surroundings.(A) colors blend(B) that colors to blend(C) whose colors blend(D) of which the colors that blendKey：C.分析：考点是定语从句。
,题干中有了完整的主谓宾，要填的内容有两种可能:1.作为句子的一个成分(定语,状语等) 2.从句(要有连接词,完整的主谓宾) 答案C。
定语从句修饰句子宾语。
参考译文：许多鸟羽毛的颜色和它们生存环境的颜色融为一体。
11.Mosaic is the art of closely setting small, colored pieces, such as stone or glass, into asurface_____.(A) and create a decorative design(B) and a decorative design creates(C) to create a decorative design(D) that a decorative design is createdKey：C分析：考点是状语成分。
题干中有了完整的主谓宾，要填的内容有两种可能:1.作为句子的一个成分(定语,状语等) 2.从句(要有连接词,完整的主谓宾) 答案C，动词不定式做目的状语。
（A）create做并列谓语，但由于主语mosaic是单数，所以如果是creates的话才有正确的可能。
（B）缺乏宾语（D）看似定语从句，不过that却没有在句子中作成分，不对。
参考译文：M是一种艺术，这种艺术将许多紧密排列的有色小颗粒，例如石头或者玻璃碎片镶嵌到平面上，来作为装饰。
12. _____ that distinguish human beings from mother primates are related to the ability ofpeople to stand upright and walk on two legs.(A) Many of the physical characteristics4(B) Of the many physical characteristics(C) The physical characteristics are many(D) There are many physical characteristicsKey：A分析：考点是主谓结构。
[vip专享]1990年08月TOEFL语法讲解
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1990 年 08 月语法题
1.Resin is a substance that ---in water. (A) does not dissolve (B) do not dissolve (C) not dissolving (D) not dissolved 答案：A 测试点：谓语． 分析：that 从句有主语而缺谓语．应在答案中选择可作谓语的动词形式，即(A)．(B)动词 的数与主语不一致；(C)、(D)是分词，不可作谓语．
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分析：逗号前是名词性短语，为同位语，逗号后应是完整的句子。句首的同位语说明的是 句子的主语，故主语应与 city 同义．答案中(C)是完整的句子，且以城市名为主语．(A)虽 是句子，但主语是 company，与同位语不一致；(B)(C)不是句子． 解题要点：这类含有同位语的考题，通常有冗长复杂的 4 个答案．简捷的方法是快速浏览 各答案的第一个单词，寻找与同位语相同含义的词语，如此句中的 Vancouver(温哥华)即 是 city．
6. --- raw materials into useful products is called manufacturing. (A) Transform (B) Transforming (C) Being transformed (D) When transforming 答案：B 测试点；主语／动名词。 分析：由单数系动词 is 可以推知 materials 不是主语，主语缺，而 into 又提示了此主语应 具有动作性，故选(B)动名词 transforming．动名词短语作主语要求其谓语为单数形式．
2001年8月TOEFL试题语法部分及答案
2001年8月TOEFL试题语法部分及答案Section Two: Structure and Written Expression1. Geothermal energy is a potentially inexhaustible energy source ______been tapped by humans for centuries but,until recent years,only on a small scale.(A) has it(B) has(C) that has(D) that it has2. The importance of the hand, and more generally of the body, in children's acquisition of arithmetic_____.(A) can hardly be exaggerated(B) hardly exaggerated can be(C) can be exaggerate hardly(D) exaggerated can be hardly3. ______ is present in the body in greater amounts than any other mineral.(A) Calcium(B) There is calcium(C) Calcium, which(D) It is calcium4. _______ the evidence is inconclusive, it is thought that at least some seals have an echolocation system akin to that of bats, porpoises, and shrews.(A) Rather(B) Despite(C) Although(D) Why5. The total mass of all asteroids in the solar system is much less ______ mass of Earth's Moon.(A) than that is the(B) than the(C) the(D) is the6. Like bacteria, protozoans _______by splitting in two.(A) reproducing(B) reproduce(C) to reproduce(D) reproduction7. ______main processes involved in virtually all manufacturing: extraction,assembly,and alteration.(A) There are three(B) Three(C) The three(D) Three of the8. Most documentary filmmakers use neither actors _______studio setting.(A) or else(B) but not(C) nor(D) and9. Salamanders are sometime confused with lizards, but unlike lizards ________no scales or claws.(A) that they have(B) to have(C) they have(D) are having10. The province of Alberta lies along three of the major North American flyways Used by birds _______between their winter and summer homes.(A) the migration(B) migrating(C) migrate(D) and migrate11. Astronomers estimate ______called the Pleiades in the constellation Taurus is 415 light-years away from Earth.(A) that a loose cluster of stars(B) a loose cluster of stars is(C) that is a loose cluster of stars(D) there is a loose cluster of stars12. Pearl Sydenstricker Buck, _____ the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1938, is Best known for her novels about China.(A) won(B) winner of(C) to win(D) who the winner of13. Stage producers Klaw and Erlanger were the first to eliminate arguments among leading performers _______in order of appearance, instead of prominence.(A) of whom list the program(B) the program listing(C) for them the program listed(D) by listing them on the program14. During the decades after the United States Civil War, a host of technical advances made possible ______and uniformity of railroad service.(A) a new integration(B) for a new integration(C) that a new integration(D) and a new integration15. Forests stabilize _____and retain precipitation, thereby helping to prevent erosion and regulate the flow of streams.(A) to the soil(B) the soil(C) where the soil(D) the soil is16. Modern societies are such complex that they could not exist withoutA B Ca well-developed system of law.D17. Altitude, climate, temperature, and the length of the growing season bothA B Cdetermine Where plants will grow.D18. The bathyscaphe, a free-moving vessel designed for underwater exploration,Aconsists of a Flotation compartment with a observation capsule attached underneath it.B C D19. Water constitutes almost 96 percent of the body weight of a jellyfish, so ifA Ba jellyfish were to dry out in the sun, it would virtually disappeared.C D20. The most important parameters affecting a rocket's maximum flightvelocity is the relationship between the vehicle's mass and the amountB Cof propellant it can carry.D21.There were once only eight major lakes or reservoirs in Texas, butAtoday there are over 180, many built to storing water against periodicB C Ddroughts.22. All harmonized music that is not contrapuntal depends from the relationshipA Bof chords, which are either consonant or dissonant.C D23. Expressionist drama often shows the influence of modern psychology byA Breflecting the frustrations inner of the dramatist.24. It is the number, kind, and arrange of teeth that determine whether a mammalA B Cis classified as a carnivore not the food that the animal actually eats.D25. The sea otter is well adapted at its marine existence, with ears and nostrilsA B Cthat can be closed under water.D26. Petroleum, which currently makes up about four-tenths of the world's energy Aproduction, supplies more commercial energy than any another source.B C D27. Someone may refuse to recognize the seriousness of an emotionally threateningA B Csituation and perceive as less threatening.D28. Through experiments with marine organisms, marine biologists can increaseour knowledge of human reproductive and development as well as our understanding C Dof the nervous system.29. When swollen by melting snow or heavy rain, some rivers routinely overflowA B Cits banks.D30. In 1884 Belva Lockwood, a lawyer who had appeared before the Supreme Court,A Bbecame the first woman was nominated for President of the United States.C D31. The taller of all animals, a full-grown giraffe may be eighteen feet or more high.A B C D32. Physicists have known since the early nineteenth century that allA Bmatter is made up of tiny extremely particles called atoms.33. Rain is slight acidic even in unpolluted air, because carbon dioxideA Bin the atmosphere and other natural acid-forming gases dissolve in the C Dwater.34. In a stock company, a troupe of actors performs inAa particular theater, presenting plays from its repertory of prepareB C Dproductions.35. Established in 1860, the Government Printing Office prints and bindsA Bdocuments for all department of the United States government.C D36. Ethnology, usually considered a branch of cultural anthropology, isAoften defined as the scientifically study of the origin and functioningB Cof humans and their culture.D37. The one-fluid theory of electricity was proposing byA BBenjamin Franklin, a man famous for his wide interests andC Dgreat attainments.38. Probably not speech of so few words has ever been as celebrated asA B C DLincoln's Gettysburg Address.39. Generally, Abstract Expressionist art is without recognizable imagesAand does not adhere the Limits of conventional form.B C D40. Although complete paralysis is rare with neuritis, some degree ofA B Cmuscle weakness common.DCAACB BACCB ABDAB ACCDA DBDBB CDCDD ADADC CBACD精品文档资料，适用于企业管理从业者，供大家参考，提高大家的办公效率。
9801语法
98年1月TOFEL托福听力试题B1. Between 1870 and 1 890 the total population of tile United States---.(A) that doubled(B) doubled(C) It doubled(D) when doubled2. Intended to display the work of twentieth-century artists, in 1929.(A) the opening of the Museum of Modern Art(B) so the Museum of Modern Art opened(C) why tile Museum of Modern Art opened(D) the Museum of Modern Art opened3. The Earth has a tremendous amount of water, but--- in the ocean..(A) almost all of it is(B) it is almost all of(C) is of it almost all(D) all is of it almost4. --- have sense organs in a canal known as the lateral line, which allows them to respond to changes in water pressure caused by nearby motion.(A) That tile fish(B) Fish(C) When fish(D) If tile fish5. Direct information on the chemical composition of the Moon became available in 1969 --- ofthe first Apollo mission to land on the Moon.(A) with tile return(B) returning(C) when returned(D) and the return6. --- completely harmless to the environment is very difficult and usually economically unsound.(A) Cleaning products that(B) Cleaning products are(C) Cleaning products are made(D) Making a cleaning product7. One of Ulysses S. Grant's first acts as President of the United States was to name tile Senecachief Donehogawa --- of Indian Affairs.(A) as was Commissioner(B) Commissioner(C) was Commissioner(D) him Commissioner8. One of the most ancient arts,--- in different parts of the world.(A) for weaving to develop independently(B) the independent development of weaving(C) weaving,to develop independently(D) weaving developed independently9. --- classified as a carnivore, the North American grizzly bear cats berries and even grass.(A) Just as(B) Because of(C) Although(D) Either10. Not only --- much bigger than any planet, but unlike the planets, it consists completely of gaseous material.(A) the Sun is(B) the Sun, which is(C) is the Sun(D) that the Sun11. Colloquialisms,---of informal spoken language, are often considered inappropriate for moreformal written language.(A) expression which are characteristic(B) which characteristic expressions(C) are expressions characteristic(D) expressions can be characteristic12. Her work in genetics won United States scientist Barbara McClintock ----- in 1983.(A) was the Nobel Prize(B) the Nobel Prize was(C) the Nobel Prize(D) for the Nobel Prize13. --- usually thought to end in northern New Mexico, the Rocky Mountains really extend southward to the frontier of Mexico.(A) Despite(B) To be(C) While(D) However14. The novelist Edith Wharton considered the Writer Henry James(A) that a strong influence on her work(B) as strong influence on her work(C) a strong influence on her work(D) was a strong influence on her work15. Ironically, the poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow claimed he never liked teaching, although a professor at Harvard University and taught for many years.(A) becoming(B) he became(C) had lie become(D) for him to become16. The hind leg of the gerbil are particularly well adapted to leaping across itsA B C Ddesert habitat.17. Educator Helen Magill White was. the first American woman to have earn theA B CPh.D. degree.D18. The changes that occur in the life cycle of a butterfly or moth are probable theA B C most striking examples of metamorphosis.D19. In the nineteenth century, North American locomotives ran on hardwood fuel,A B C Which was inexpensive and plentiful in the time.D20. Much theories have been developed concerning how people learn aboutA B Ccultures from the myths and legends passed down from one generation toanother.D21. Several comet are discovered each year, but very few of them are brightA B C enough to be seen without the aid or magnification.D22. Charles Monroe Schulz's comic strip "Peanuts" is translated into 26 languagesA Balso has appeared in over 2,300 daily newspapers.C D23. In human beings the liver is the biggest glandular organ of his digestive system.A B C D24. Many scientists contributed to the development of television, whether no oneA B C Dperson can be said to have invented it.25.Northern Canada contains vast areas treeless of low vegetation knownA B C Das tundra.26. Gordon Parks composed wrote, and directed Martin, the classical ballet whoA B C Examines the meaning of the life of Martin Luther King. Jr.D27. In 1965 Rodolfo Gonzales has estab1ished an organization called the CrusadeA B CFor Justice in Denver, Colorado.D28. Large, heavy draft horses were commonly used for labor farm in the UnitedA B CStates before the introduction of tractors.D29.Herads of migrating caribou, members of the deer family arc an importantB economically resource to Inuits and other Native Americans.C D30. Some nineteenth-century advocates for the emancipation of women in theA BUnited States were also activity in the Underground Railroad, helping slaves toC D escape.31. Feathers not only protect birds from injury and conserve body heat but alsoA Bfunction in flight. courtship, camouflage, and sensory perceptive.C D32. The radio telescope, invented in 1932, has capabilities beyond far those ofA B Coptical telescopes in tracking signals from galaxies.D33. Rafting was an essential mean of transportation from prehistoric times to theA B C Dnineteenth century.D34. Many fortification rank among the most functional and beautiful works ofA B C architecture constructed in North America before the twentieth century.D35. Because her work was popular with European royally, Harriet Goodhue HosmerA Bbecame financial successful as a sculptor in the mid-eighteen hundreds.C D36. The actor James Earl Jones gained Broadway stardom in "The Great WhiteA Bhope" for his powerful portrayal of prizefighter.C D37. Despite fats and oils arc nutritionally important as energy sources, medicalA B Cresearch indicates that saturated fats may contribute to hardening of the arteries.D38. Large multicolored insects with four wings, dragonflies play a very importantA Brole in the ecosystem of humid area by controlling the population of mosquitoes.C D39. During early nineteenth-century Boston. the architect Charles Bulfinch, eager toA Bmake the city beautiful, sometimes provided free plans for people building homes.C D40. In 1889 Jane Addams, a social worker in Chicago, founded hull house,an institution devoted to the improvement of community life in poorA B Cneighborhood.D。
1998年英语专四语法题
1998年专四语法题1. John is ____ hardworking than his sister, but he failed in the exam.[A] no less [B] no more [C] not less [D] no so2. She remembered several occasions in the past ____ she had experienced a similar feeling.[A] which [B] before [C] that [D] when3. If your car ____ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer.[A] shall need [B] should need [C] would need [D] will need4. The indoor swimming pool seems to be a great deal more luxurious than ____.[A] is necessary [B] being necessary[C] to be necessary [D] it is necessary5. ____, he can now only watch it on TV at home.[A] Obtaining not a ticket for the match[B] Not obtaining a ticket for the match[C] Not having obtained a ticket for the match[D] Not obtained a ticket for the match6. The children prefer camping in the mountains ____ an indoor activity.[A] to [B] than [C] for [D] with7. Language belongs to each member of the society, to the cleaner ____to the professor.[A] as far as [B] the same as [C] as much as [D] as long as8. ____ he needed money for a new car, he decided not to borrow it from the bank.[A] Much as [B] Much though [C] As much [D] Though much9. The Clark haven't decided yet which hotel ____.[A] to stay [B] is to stay [C] to stay at [D] is for staying10. His strong sense of humor was ____ make everyone in the room burst out laughing.[A] so as to [B] such as to [C] so that [D] such that11. ____ enough time and money, the researcher would have been able to discover more in this field.[A] Giving [B] To give [C] Given [D] Being given12. You ____ Mark anything. It was none of his business.[A] needn't have told [B] needn't tell[C] mustn't have told [D] mustn't tell13. The membership card entitled him ____ certain privileges in the club.[A] on [B] in [C] at [D] to14. Obviously, the Chairman's remarks at the conference were ____ and not planned.[A] substantial [B] spontaneous[C] simultaneous [D] synthetic15. For the success of the project, the company should ____ the most of the opportunities at hand.[A] obtain [B] grasp [C] catch [D] make16. Failure to follow the club rules ____ him from the volleyball team.[A] disfavored [B] dispelled [C] disqualified [D] dismissed17. The discovery of new oil-fields in various parts of the country filled the government with ____ hope.[A] eternal [B] infinite [C] ceaseless [D] everlasting18. At first the company refused to purchase the equipment, but this decision was ____ revised.[A] subsequently [B] successively[C] predominantly [D] preliminarily19. The local police are authorized to ____ anyone's movements as they think fit.[A] pause [B] halt [C] repel [D] keep20. Have you ever received ____ of what has happened to her?[A] the word [B] words [C] word [D] the words21. Twelve is to three ____ four is to one.[A] what [B] as [C] that [D] like22. Things went well for her during her early life but in her middle age her ____ seemed to change.[A] affair [B] luck [C] event [D] chance23. Although I spoke to her about the matter several times, she took little ____ of what I said.[A] remark [B] warning [C] notice [D] attention24. The scheme was ____ when it was discovered it would be very costly.[A] resigned [B] surrendered[C] released [D] abandoned25. Yesterday my aunt bought some new ____ for her flat at the seaside.[A] furniture [B] furnitures[C] possession [D] possessions【参考答案】：1-5：ADBA C 6-10：A CAC B 11-15：C A DB D 16-20：CBABC 21-25：ABCD A。
托福语法指导汇总
托福语法指导汇总考托福语法一直都很重要，整理了关于真题要点解析的语法指导，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
托福语法指导-并列连词及真题要点解析有关并列连词的命题在TOEEL考试中占有极重要的地位。
并列连接词不仅自身是命题的焦点，它还涉及到一些其它的题型，如平行结构，词类、及一致等TOEEL考试要点。
一般说来，有关并列连词的题目并不深涩，因为连接词无论在语意上还是结构功能上都并非孤立使用。
而且，细察并列连词的题目，还可寻见其中的命题规律并列连词常考题型及解题要点1. 并列连词and but or混淆来源：考试大解题要点这类题型主要分面布在written Expression (16-40题中) 当A、B、C、D四项选择中出现单独的and或but 或or时，它通常就是此题的焦点，应根据句意判断此连词是否用错。
全真例题要分析来源：考试大(1) Harvesting of grains is affected by annual changes in temperature or inthe amount of moisture, but both. (90.1)[答案] D 根据句意，这里并无转折关系。
因此but 应改为or。
(2) Porcelain is not a single clay, and a compound of kaolin. Ball clay,feldspar. And silica. (91.1)[答案] C 此句表达的是一个取舍关系，and应改为but. “not…but”是表达转折，到舍含义的固定并列连词搭配。
3. The structure or behavior of many protozoans are amazingly comples forsingle-celled artimals.[答案] A 根据句中复数谓语动词are 来判断，连词or是错误，它表述的概含是两项之一，应用单数第三人称动词。
老托福1996-05语法笔记
1996年05月语法题1. Wind motion can be observed in the mesosphere by _____ the trails of meteors passing through it.(A) to watch(B) watching(C) watched(D) watch答案：B分析：空格前是介词by,由此判断空格处是非谓语动词-ing形式，故选B.翻译参考：通过观察大气中层的流星可以测定风的移动。
2. Thomas Edison's first patented invention was a device_____ in Congress.(A) votes counted for(B) had been counting votes(C) for counting vote(D) be a counted vote答案：C分析：空格前为结构完整的句子，(A),(B),(D),均含有谓语动词，但没有从句引导词，不符和谓语单一性原则，故选(C).翻译参考：Thomas Edison第一个取得专利权的发明是一个为美国国会选票计数的装置。
3. Clara Bow, a popular actress in the 1920's, retired _____ she was unable to make thetransition from silent films to sound films.(A) nevertheless(B) in spite of(C) because(D) and for答案：C分析：空格前后都是主谓结构，空格处明显缺少从句引导词，四个选项中只有C能引导从句，故选(C).翻译参考：十八世纪二十年代的著名女影星Clara Bow，因为无法适应无声电影到有声电影的过度而退休。
4. Built in 1882, the Kinzua Viaduct in Mckean County, Pennsylvania, is open only to thosevisitors _____ are able to walk its 2,058 - foot length.(A) who(B) to whom(C) which they(D) that which答案：A分析：空格前为指人的先行词，空格后有谓语动词，空格处缺少指人的定语从句引导词，故选(A).翻译参考：建于1882年宾西法尼亚Mckean郡的Kinzua Viaduct只对能够步行2058米的游客开放。
托福语法手册pdf.pdf
考点三 只接复数名词的限定词
a (large /small /great /considerable /remarkable) number of, a variety of, a set of, a few, 等表示数的固定词组之后总是接复数名词
例题:
(1)
In mathematical terms, modern algebra is set of objects with rules for connecting or
例题:
(1)
A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid the habits that might shorten
A
B
C
the lives.
D
3
TOEFL 高分语法 -- 第一章 名词
答案: D 应改为: their 解释: 定冠词the指代不清, 用物主代词their作名词lives的限定语更符合英语习惯, 还可突出lives 与people之间的所属关系
答案: C 解释: 此句主谓完整, 据选项可知空白处需填入合适的词使原句变为否定, 只有否定副词not可以和is 配合构成否定句, A、B、D 之后都需要名词词组, 不符题意
(2)
Not woman held a presidential cabinet position in the United States until 1933, when
curriculum(课程)-curricula
larva(幼虫)-larvae
criterion(标准)-criteria phenomenon(现象)-phenomena
Hale Waihona Puke 3．通常只以复数形式出现的词语, 如:
托福考试作文语法分析
托福考试作文语法分析2023年托福考试作文语法分析汇总在日复一日的学习、工作或生活中，大家都跟作文打过交道吧，作文是通过文字来表达一个主题意义的记叙方法。
写起作文来就毫无头绪？下面是店铺精心整理的2023年托福考试作文语法分析汇总，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。
1.托福独立写作语法错误汇总：非谓语动词使用不当原：Comparing with the money people earns， the sense of achievement is more important.改：Compared with the money people earns， the sense of achievement is more important.评：此处是动词compare的现在分词和过去分词使用混淆了。
在英语中，动词的现在分词往往表示的是主动的意思，过去分词则表示被动的含义。
原句想表达的是“将成就感与钱相比”，“把…与…相比”是明显的被动含义，因此应该使用compared.2. 托福独立写作语法错误汇总：时态混乱原：Although I have no work experience when I was a teenager， I always dreamed about having a job.改：Although I had no work experience when I was a teenager， I always dreamed about having a job.评：虽然托福写作以议论文为主，为了表示客观性，基本上使用的都是现在时态，但是在举例的时候还是会涉及到一些过去时态，例如上面的句子，切记：主从句时态要保持一致。
3. 托福独立写作语法错误汇总：表述累赘原：Internet plays an important and indispensible role in peoples life today.改：Internet plays an indispensible role in peoples life today.评：这个句子一看就知道是作者为了使用高级词汇而犯下的错误。
1991年08月TOEFL语法讲解
1991年08月语法题1. H anya Holm is a dancer, choreographer, and ---.(A) dance that she teaches(B) her teaching of dance(C) to teach dancing(D) dance teacher答案：D测试点：并列结构．分析：连词and两边的成份应同词性、同形式．and前为说明身份的名词dancer和choreographer(舞蹈动作设计者)，and之后应选同样的句词，即(D)．(A)(B)均不说明身份；(C)不是名词。
2. D uring an eclipse of the Sun, ---in the shadow of the Moon.(A) the Earth lies(B) the Earth when lying(C) that the Earth lies(D) the lying Earth答案：A测试点，主谓结构．分析：本句主谓语均缺，应在答案中选择主语+动词的结构，即(A)．(B)(C)含从句成份；(D)无谓语的动词．3. U nder the influence of Ezra Pound, Hilda Doolittle became associated with the Imagistsand ---into one of the most original poets of the group.(A) developed(B) to be developing(C) who developed(D) developing it答案：A测试点：并列结构埔语．分析：连词and两边的成份应性质相同．句中and连接两个谓语部分，and前面是谓语动词became，and之后也应是过去进的动词，即(A)．(B)(D)属非语谓形式，(C)为从句．4. ---all rainwater falling from a cloud reaches the ground; some of it is lost throughevaporation.(A) Nowhere(B) Not(C) No(D) None答案：B测试点；否定词。
托福语法指导整合
托福语法指导整合词性混淆误用始终是TOEEL考题中最重要的命题形式，我整理了关于真题要点解析的语法指导，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
托福语法指导-词性变化及真题要点解析词性混淆常考题型及解题要点来源：考试大1. 并列连词and but or结构要求词性统一来源：考试大全真例题分析来源：考试大(1) Bigness. Boastful. And strong. Frontiersman Mike Fink was the subject of many folk tales. (93.3)[答案] A 并列连词and连接三个形容词，故(A)Bigness应改为Big。
(2) The success of a naval ship is determined by its seaworthiness, speedy ,and maneuverability. (92.10)[答案] D 并列连词and连接三个名词，而speed是形容词，故应改为speed。
(3) Regulation of public utilities in the United States is carried out by locally state and federal governments. (92.5)[答案] D 并列连词and连接三个形容词性质的词，共同修饰后面的中心词governnenrfs 。
而locally是副词，应改为local。
来源：考试大(4) In Middle Ages. Books called bestiaries were prepared in an attempt to describe animals, real or imagine, that exemplified human traits. (92.5)[答案] B 并列连词or前面是形容词real。
之后亦应是形容词imaginary。