托福TOEFL语法句法完整版ppt
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托福基础语法课件市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖课件
• 主谓一致性！ ！ ！
第15页
• 5. In general, computers help students learn things more effectively, computer games may lower their efficiency.
• 缺乏连接词！ ！ ！
第16页
• 6. There are numerous countries in the world suffer from poverty.
语法常见错误7宗罪
第1页
第一宗罪:
• Employee can get more benefits from telecommuting than employer.
• 名词 • employee和employer被“裸体”使用了。
• 更正: the employee; the employer
•
• 动词不能作主语！
第13页
• 3.Some events are not report by the media in a dependable way.
• 被动语态 be + v-ed!!!
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• 4. The governments of all countries on this planet is beginning to realize the severity of water shortage.
用一个稍微简单，不过含有概括效 果词汇 （2）同义替换 稍作解释，让阅卷人能懂即可
第38页
Q 1： 孙老师很变态。“变态”怎样翻译？ ------- BT -------与正常人不一样
be different from normal people
第15页
• 5. In general, computers help students learn things more effectively, computer games may lower their efficiency.
• 缺乏连接词！ ！ ！
第16页
• 6. There are numerous countries in the world suffer from poverty.
语法常见错误7宗罪
第1页
第一宗罪:
• Employee can get more benefits from telecommuting than employer.
• 名词 • employee和employer被“裸体”使用了。
• 更正: the employee; the employer
•
• 动词不能作主语！
第13页
• 3.Some events are not report by the media in a dependable way.
• 被动语态 be + v-ed!!!
第14页
• 4. The governments of all countries on this planet is beginning to realize the severity of water shortage.
用一个稍微简单，不过含有概括效 果词汇 （2）同义替换 稍作解释，让阅卷人能懂即可
第38页
Q 1： 孙老师很变态。“变态”怎样翻译？ ------- BT -------与正常人不一样
be different from normal people
《托福考试介绍》课件
语速快：托福听力的语速比日常对话快，需要考生快速反应和理解 口音多样：托福听力中会出现各种口音，需要考生适应不同口音 内容复杂：托福听力的内容涉及多个学科，需要考生具备一定的学科知识 干扰信息：托福听力中会出现一些干扰信息，需要考生准确判断和排除
话题广泛：涉及日常生活、学术、工作等多个领域 语言要求：需要流利、准确、地道的英语表达 限时回答：需要在规定时间内完成回答，考验反应速度和语言组织能力 互动交流：需要与考官进行面对面交流，考验沟通能力和临场应变能力
练习：每天进行听力和口语练 习，提高英语应用能力
模拟题可以帮助考生了解自己 的薄弱环节，有针对性地进行 复习
模拟题可以帮助考生熟悉考 试题型和考试流程
模拟题可以帮助考生掌握答 题技巧和时间管理
模拟题可以帮助考生调整心 态，提高考试信心
汇报人：PPT
托福考试是由 美国教育考试 服务中心（ETS） 举办的英语水
平测试
托福考试旨在 评估非英语母 语者的英语水 平，用于申请 国外大学或研
究生院
托福考试分为 听、说、读、 写四个部分， 总分为120分
提供英语能力证明，用于申 请留学、移民等
评估非英语母语者的英语水 平
促进国际交流与合作
提高英语教学水平，推动英 语教育发展
评分标准：包括发 音、语法、词汇、 流利度等方面
考试时间：20分 钟，包括准备时 间和答题时间
题型：综合写作和独立写作
综合写作：阅读一段文章，然后听一段音频，最后根据所给信息写一篇文章
独立写作：根据给出的题目写一篇文章 评分标准：内容、组织、语言使用和语法等方面进行评分
PART FOUR
词汇量要求：约8000-10000词 阅读材料：学术文章、科普文章等 题型：选择题、填空题、简答题等 阅读时间：约60分钟，每篇文章约20分钟 难度等级：中等偏上，需要具备一定的阅读速度和理解能力
托福英语语法概述
if)
03
Tenses and Voices
Present tense
• Summary: The present tense is used to descrn the present moment or have relevance to the present moment
• Description: The present tense is the most commonly used tense in English It is used to express actions that are happening now, as well as actions that are biological, ongoi, or consistently true It can also be used to express opinions, beliefs, and general truths
A strong grasp of English grammar can significantly enhance language skills and improve opportunities of success in academic and professional settings
Subjects and advertisements
Adjectives and advertisements are words that modify or describe nouns and verbs, respectively
Adjectives modify nouns by advancing additional information about their characteristics, while advertisements modify verbs by describing their manner or condition Adjectives and advertisements can be gradable (e.g., tall, short) or non gradable (e.g., unique, extreme)
03
Tenses and Voices
Present tense
• Summary: The present tense is used to descrn the present moment or have relevance to the present moment
• Description: The present tense is the most commonly used tense in English It is used to express actions that are happening now, as well as actions that are biological, ongoi, or consistently true It can also be used to express opinions, beliefs, and general truths
A strong grasp of English grammar can significantly enhance language skills and improve opportunities of success in academic and professional settings
Subjects and advertisements
Adjectives and advertisements are words that modify or describe nouns and verbs, respectively
Adjectives modify nouns by advancing additional information about their characteristics, while advertisements modify verbs by describing their manner or condition Adjectives and advertisements can be gradable (e.g., tall, short) or non gradable (e.g., unique, extreme)
托福语法手册pdf.pdf
考点三 只接复数名词的限定词
a (large /small /great /considerable /remarkable) number of, a variety of, a set of, a few, 等表示数的固定词组之后总是接复数名词
例题:
(1)
In mathematical terms, modern algebra is set of objects with rules for connecting or
例题:
(1)
A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid the habits that might shorten
A
B
C
the lives.
D
3
TOEFL 高分语法 -- 第一章 名词
答案: D 应改为: their 解释: 定冠词the指代不清, 用物主代词their作名词lives的限定语更符合英语习惯, 还可突出lives 与people之间的所属关系
答案: C 解释: 此句主谓完整, 据选项可知空白处需填入合适的词使原句变为否定, 只有否定副词not可以和is 配合构成否定句, A、B、D 之后都需要名词词组, 不符题意
(2)
Not woman held a presidential cabinet position in the United States until 1933, when
curriculum(课程)-curricula
larva(幼虫)-larvae
criterion(标准)-criteria phenomenon(现象)-phenomena
Hale Waihona Puke 3．通常只以复数形式出现的词语, 如:
托福语法
similar, same, alike)
• The most _______time of life is _______(joyful/young, joy/young, enjoyable/youth, joyfully/youth). • We all found it ______to understand Lesson Three.(diffucult, difficulty, difficulty)
句子成分
• 主语（s) • 谓语 (v) • 宾语 (o) • 定语 • 状语 • 补语
Nouns
• a new book • many good students • his beautiful wife • the best answer • those sweet roses
限定词、形容词、名词
• Honesty is not necessarily the best policy. • There are five Sundays this month. • I have an appointment on Sunday. • Mr Smith was president of the high school. • Some say he was a better president than Mr. Robbert.
形容词的比较级
• crowed • loving • helpful • useless • famous • active
That和those
• My car is bigger than you. • My car is bigger than yours. • Cars made in China are better than those made in Korea.
托福语法课件-基础语法第七章
注意：if从句中had与had had的区别 2）在“if + 主语 + had+had + 过去分词”的
结构中，had为过去完成时的助动词。
If he had had money, he would have bought that car.
如果他当时有钱的话，他当时就买那个车了
7.4 与将来状况相反的虚拟语气
If he should lie, we would punish him. = Should he lie, we would punish him.
7.5.2 时态不一致的假设
虚拟语气有时候从句和主干的时态可以不一致，句型如 下：
If + 主语 + had + 过去分词，主语 + would /could /might/should/ought to + 原形动词 + now。
Once I have money, I will buy stocks. When he finishes it, he will come. As soon as I arrive, I will tell you the details. I will not do anything before I arrive. I will not do it unless you tell me the truth
If he had taken your advice, he might have not made such a mistake.
注意：if从句中had与had had的区别
1） 在“if + 主语 + had + 名词”的结构中，had为 一般过去时动词，
托福基础语法 PPT
写作练习
• 如果一个社会想要进步，抛弃传统很必要。 • It is important that … • important / essential / vital / crucial /
significant / • 进步——make progress • 抛弃传统——reject traditions • It is essential that a society should reject its
conserve and promote their national historical and cultural heritages.
That引导的主语从句后置
3. It + be + v-ed + that-从句 规律：it后面跟动词的被动语态形式，再接that从句 • 无主语，理解成“据。。。”
traditions, if it wants to make progress.
That引导的主语从句后置
• 2. It + be + n. + that-从句 – It is a pity that he cannot swim. – It’s a wonder that he is still alive. – It was a disappointment to your mother that you failed the exam.
has promoted cross-cultural communication.
That引导的主语从句后置
4. It + vi. + that-从句；It + vt. + O + that-从句 • It happened that she was not in that day.
托福口语PPt
Delivery: How clear your speech is. Good responses are those in which the speech is fluid and clear, with good pronunciation, natural pacing, and natural-sounding intonation patterns.
Q1---PERSONAL EXPERIENCES
Bad idea: Write down some complete sentences on this piece of paper ( English or Chinese )
The key: To further divide the ¾ subtopics quickly into more mini subtopics Brainstorming and structuring
OVERALL COMPETENCY LIST IN SPEAKING
PART
My instructor understands me when I ask a question in English. When I speak English, other people can understand me. I can give prepared presentation in English. I can talk in English for a few minutes about a topic I am familiar with. I can participate in conversations or discussions in English. I can state and support my opinion when I speak English. I can talk about tact or theories I know well and explain them in English. I can speak for about one minute in response to a question. I can orally summarize the information I have read in English. I can orally summarize information from a talk I have listened to in English.
托福语法课1
The invention was so impressive that......
So impressive was the invention that......
Page 28
It was so difficult to finish the task that he even used all his weekends.
20
倒装句
– 我们应该不仅仅保护旧建筑，还要造更多传统风格 的新建筑。 – Not only should we protect old buildings, but also build more in traditional style.
直到人们完全信任你，你才能积极的影响他们。 – Not until people can completely trust you will you be able to positively influence them.
7
• 需要前置的除了助动词 do以外，还有系动 词/情态动词以及完成时中的have/has/had
8
Only+状语
The technology improved enough for the prices to drop sufficiently had made them commercially viable only in the past few years. Only in the past few years had the technology improved enough for the price to drop sufficiently made them commercially viable.
19
否定状语于句首之倒装
So impressive was the invention that......
Page 28
It was so difficult to finish the task that he even used all his weekends.
20
倒装句
– 我们应该不仅仅保护旧建筑，还要造更多传统风格 的新建筑。 – Not only should we protect old buildings, but also build more in traditional style.
直到人们完全信任你，你才能积极的影响他们。 – Not until people can completely trust you will you be able to positively influence them.
7
• 需要前置的除了助动词 do以外，还有系动 词/情态动词以及完成时中的have/has/had
8
Only+状语
The technology improved enough for the prices to drop sufficiently had made them commercially viable only in the past few years. Only in the past few years had the technology improved enough for the price to drop sufficiently made them commercially viable.
19
否定状语于句首之倒装
托福语法名词性从句ppt课件
whether there is life on other planets. ¤ I don’t know how many letters there are in
the English alphabet.
陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句
5
名词性从句–本质
¤ That the earth is round is a fact. (The earth is round.)
• It is good news that… 。。。真是太好了。
• It is a good thing that… 。。。真是件好事。
• It is no wonder that… 难怪。。。
• It is a shame that… 遗憾的是；。。。真是太不像话了
• It is an honor that… 真荣幸。。。
Whether they would support us...
(3) ( )还是一个问题
Whether they would support us is/remains a question.
16 It is/remains a question whether they would support us.
¤ My question is whether people will live on the moon someday. (Will people live on the moon someday?)
¤ Scientists have argued over the question whether there is life on other planets. (Is there life on other planets?)
the English alphabet.
陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句
5
名词性从句–本质
¤ That the earth is round is a fact. (The earth is round.)
• It is good news that… 。。。真是太好了。
• It is a good thing that… 。。。真是件好事。
• It is no wonder that… 难怪。。。
• It is a shame that… 遗憾的是；。。。真是太不像话了
• It is an honor that… 真荣幸。。。
Whether they would support us...
(3) ( )还是一个问题
Whether they would support us is/remains a question.
16 It is/remains a question whether they would support us.
¤ My question is whether people will live on the moon someday. (Will people live on the moon someday?)
¤ Scientists have argued over the question whether there is life on other planets. (Is there life on other planets?)
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Compound sentence: s+v+o, and s+v+o
多套主谓共存，互相独立，针锋相对；夹缝中生存，焦头 烂额 代表人物：谭咏麟
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• 并列句：
有关并列连词的知识
关于平行结构
由连词 连接的 多套主 谓结构 并存， 彼此之 间相互 没有依 存关系
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• 状语
句子中除了主谓结构外，还可能包含表示时间、地点、方式等内容的状语， 通常由副词、介宾短语来承当。 如：At night, XM go to night club very often. 此句中at night, very often都是状语 (1) ----irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued. (A) Its (B) Where its (C) Since its (D) Because of its
Syntax 句法学
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句法：syntax
• 简单句：simple sentence
只包含一个主谓结构的句子，是英文的基本组成单位
• 并列句：compound sentence
两个或两个以上互不依从的主谓结构构成，由并列连词连接
• 主从复合句：complex sentence
两个或两个以上互相依从的主谓结构构成，有从句有主句
(2) The United States Congress made Washington, D.C., ---- in 1800. (A) after the government center (B) of the government center (C) the center of government (D) then the center of government
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• 谓语动词
Having brushed his teeth, XM decided to go to the bathroom filled with boys. Brushing his teeth, XM decided to go to the bathroom filled with boys.
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Garfield曾经说过：
Behind every successful man, there is a woman. And behind every unsuccessful man, there are two.
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Other famous words of him：
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例题：
The edible tube mushroom ----a cushion like, moist cap that is light brown or darkish red. (A) which has (B) to have (C) having (D) has
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• 宾语
若谓语动词是及物的，那么及物动词后面一定要接宾语。宾语大部分由名词和代词 的宾格充当，也可是动名词、不定式等
如：He found a ladybird in his encil-box. I don't want to disturb you. 牢记make possible的三种形式： 1. make+名词+possible； His financial aid makes this trip possible. 2. make+possible+名词（名词短语较长时） His financial aid makes possible the poor Chinese student's entering of the world famous university. 3. make it possible (for sb.)to do (见形式宾语部分) The father's hard labor makes it possible for the son to receive better education.
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男孩女孩起床大不同
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谓语专一原则
简单句中只允许存在一个谓语动词，其余动词必须是非谓语 形式。英文中切忌：两个谓语形式的动词直接连接（尤其是 be动词不能和实意动词连用，is do是绝不可能出现的），或 以逗号连接
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SO……
Syntax is life. There are 3 types of men in this world.
绝世好爸型
焦头烂额型
和谐共处型
Simple sentence 简单句
compound Sentence 并列句
Complex Sentence 复合句
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• 并列连词
1. 最典型的并列连词有：and, but, or, so, yet, for
2. 固定搭配使用的并列连词： not only…but (also), not only…but…(as well), both…and, either…or, neither…nor, too…to, such(…)as the same….as, between…and as well as(注意和副词as well相区别), (not) so…as as… as, not so much A as B(与其说A不如说B) so/such a … that
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(2) The skyscraper, ----, is an architectural form that originated in the United States. (A) is a tall commercial structure (B) a tall commercial structure (C) a tall commercial structure which (D) of which a tall commercial structure （3）Plankton, ----, is the basic foodstuff for everything that lives in the ocean. (A) comprise both minute marine animals and plants (B) is the name given to minute marine animals and plants (C) the collective name for minute marine animals and plants (D) minute marine animals and plants collectively that
• Money is not everything. There’s credit card & Visa. • One should love animals. They are so tasty. • Save water. Shower with your girlfriend. • Success is a relative term. It brings so many relatives. • Never put off the work till tomorrow what you can put off today.
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(2) ----a child, sculptor Anne Whitney showed an eager intellect and artistic talent that her parents recognized and encouraged. (A) Has been (B) It was while (C) She was (D) As (3) ----, snakes frequently subdue their prey without injecting poison. (A) Contrary to general belief (B) General belief contrary to (C) Belief contrary to general (D) Contrary belief general to
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(1) A microphone enables a soft tone to be amplified, thus making it possible the A B C gentle renditions of romantic love songs in a large hall. D
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• 表语
表语多由形容词、名词担当，也可是介宾短语、不定式、分词或动名词等
1) Quasars----emitting extremely intense radio waves and visible radiation. (A) starlike objects are (B) starlike, they are objects (C) are starlike objects (D) are they starlike objects (2) Wherever there is plenty of rain during the growing season, life is ---in various forms. (A) abundant (B) the abundance (C) an abundant (D) it abundant