英语知识点总复习
初中英语知识点全总结
初中英语知识点全总结一、基本语法1. 词类名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词、连词、冠词、动词2. 句子成分主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语3. 句型肯定句、否定句、疑问句、祈使句4. 时态一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、进行时、完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时5. 语态主动语态、被动语态二、词汇1. 常用英语词汇数字、日期、时间、颜色、家庭成员、学科、职业、食物、动物、植物等2. 常用短语日常用语、问候用语、表达喜怒哀乐的短语、表示时间的短语、表示原因的短语、表示结果的短语、表示条件的短语、表示方法的短语、表示比较的短语、表示目的的短语等3. 常见习惯用语表达感谢、道歉、邀请、怀疑、建议、请求、承诺等4. 同义词辨析动词、名词、形容词、副词等的同义词辨析5. 反义词辨析动词、名词、形容词、副词等的反义词辨析6. 词语拼写常见的易错拼写单词、易混淆单词、词汇记忆技巧7. 词语辨析容易混淆的近义词、疑难词语的理解三、句型转换1. 肯定句转换否定句2. 否定句转换肯定句3. 陈述句转换疑问句4. 一般疑问句转换特殊疑问句5. 直接引语转换为间接引语6. 主动语态转换为被动语态7. 定语从句的转换8. 状语从句的转换四、阅读理解1. 阅读短文阅读理解题型、文章的类型、文章的结构、文章的主题，作者的观点和态度分析，文章细节理解等2. 理解词语和短语根据上下文理解词语和短语，推测词义，理解事实和信息，归纳文章主旨等3. 阅读策略找主题句、段落大意概括、理解作者的意图等4. 阅读技巧速读、精读、细读，快速定位等五、听力1. 日常生活对话日常生活对话、问路、购物、订餐、电话、预约、乘坐交通工具等2. 学校生活对话上课、放学、作业、考试、运动会、话剧表演、校园活动等3. 交际用语问候、介绍自己、询问信息、表达感谢、道歉、请求、承诺、邀请、祝福等4. 语音语调语音语调的基本规律和特点，英语连读、舌尖音、上音，语调变化等六、写作1. 书面表达书信、便条、日记、日程安排、活动安排、口头表达等2. 写信格式信头、信尾、日期、称呼等3. 作文结构作文的开头、扩写、过渡、结尾等4. 句式转换改写句子、段落，使表达更加丰富多样5. 表达方式使用例证、比喻、排比、描写等，使文章更生动七、语法专题1. 介词介词的常见用法和搭配2. 连词并列连词、从属连词的用法和区别3. 形容词和副词形容词和副词的比较级和最高级，以及用法区别4. 名词的单数复数名词单数复数的变化规则5. 疑问词及疑问句特殊疑问词和疑问句的结构6. 定语从句定语从句的连接词和用法7. 状语从句状语从句的连接词和用法八、语言运用1. 情态动词can、could、may、might、must、shall、should、will、would、ought to的用法2. 动词的时态和语态一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、进行时、完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时等动词时态，以及主动语态和被动语态的用法3. 句子的语序陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、祈使句的语序规则4. 词语辨析同义词、反义词、单词形式的变换5. 词语的搭配不同词义的搭配，固定搭配的用法6. 语法填空根据语境选择合适的词语或词组来填充空白7. 交际用语日常生活中常用的交际用语的表达九、复习技巧1. 听力技巧听力材料的整体理解、选项干扰性的词、对话文章的表达、上下文对比等2. 阅读技巧细节题、主旨题、归纳题、推理题等题型的解题技巧3. 写作技巧书面表达的开头展开结尾的写作技巧4. 背诵技巧词汇、短语的背诵技巧5. 口语表达表达能力的提升、语音语调的模仿等技巧以上就是初中英语知识点的全面总结，希望对学习英语的同学有所帮助。
高考英语强调句知识点知识点总复习有解析(1)
高考英语强调句知识点知识点总复习有解析(1)一、选择题1．She looks sad. Could you please tell me ____ that prevents her from being as happy as before? A．what it is B．it is what C．how it is D．it is how2．It ______ not until she came back ______ Jane realized that she had lost her ID card.A．is, that B．was, whoC．was, that D．is, who3．It was because of the bad weather ______ the football match had to be put off.A．so B．so thatC．why D．that4．It is in the factory ______ you’re going to pay a visit to ______ this kind of computer is ma de. A．that; which B．where; that C．/ ; that D．/ ; where5．It is the Great Wall , one of the greatest wonders in the world , _____attracts many foreign tourists every year.A．which B．whereC．that D．what6．Is it he or you ________ in charge of the job and supposed to complete it punctually?A．who is B．that isC．who are D．whom are7．Was it through Mary _____ was working at a high school _____ you got to know Tom? A．who；whom B．that；whichC．who；that D．that；who8．It’s not what we do once in a while ______ shapes o ur lives, but what we do consistently. A．which B．that C．how D．when9．How long do you think the car factory launches a new model?A．will it be until B．it will be beforeC．will it be when D．it will be that10．In his speech, he said that it was his primary school teachers that he was fond of ________ influenced his whole life.A．what B．which C．as D．who11．Do you have any idea that makes The V oice of China so popular?A．what is it B．what it isC．how it is D．how is it12．I don’t know everyone in my class thinks I am funny.A．why it is that B．why is it whichC．who is it which D．who it is which13．It is at Christmas _____ thousands of young people go skiing in the mountain．A．how B．which C．when D．that14．It was not until he came to my support________I freed myself from constant worries. A．that B．when C．which D．so15．It was as a result of his carelessness _______ a serious fire broke out during the night. A．when B．that C．before D．since16．What was it ______ brought you two together? Was it your love of music?A．as B．who C．that D．which17．It is not what he said but _______ he said it _______ surprised me.A．the way; that B．in the way that; thatC．in the way; which D．the way which; which18．— ____ the doctor was murdered?— It was in the art gallery _____ famous paintings were on display.A．Where it was that; that B．Where it was that; whereC．Where was it that; where D．Where was it that; that19．It is exactly ______ we behave ______has changed the world.A．which; that B．how; that C．how; what D．what; that20．It was in the Lake District, a tourist attraction in England________they met each other and became fast friends.A．where B．which C．when D．that21．It is _______ he said _______ is very important to me.A．what; that B．that; that C．all that; what D．which; that 22．Was it in the beautiful park ___was located at the foot of the mountain ___we first met our foreign teacher?A．which; where B．which; that C．which; which D．that; where23．It was in New Zealand ________ Elizabeth first met Carl.A．what B．that C．where D．/24．It’s the protection for the trees __________ really matters, ___________ how many trees are planted each year.A．what; other than B．which; or ratherC．that; rather than D．as; more than25．There is no doubt that it is around the family and the home ______all the greatest virtues of human society are created， strengthened， and maintained.A．that B．whereC．which D．with【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除一、选择题1．A解析：A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查强调句型和宾语从句的引导词。
六年级英语总复习资料 知识点
复习（1)形容词和副词的比较级和最高级比较级：二者之间进行比较的叫比较级比较级结构••主语+谓语+形容词（副词）比较级+than+...表示“…比更…”最高级：三者或三者以上进行比较叫最高级最高级结构：主语+谓语+(the)+形容词/副词最高级+in/of短语表示“……是……中最……的（地）‘一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的变化规则一般单音节词，1.比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est如：small--smaller--smallest2.以不发音字母e结尾的，比较级在后面加-r,最高级在后面加-st: 如：large—larger —largest nice—nicer—nicest3.以一个元音和一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节单词.先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er,最高级加-est; big—bigger-biggest .以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词，变y改为i，比较级加-er,最高级加-est;如:easy—easier一easiest busy—busier—busiest多音节单词和部分双音节单词的比较级是在单词前加more,最高级是在单词前加most beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the,副词最高级前加不加都行。
二、+规别变化good /well —better—bestbad/i11—worse—worstmuch/many—more—most little …less--leastfar----farther/further—farthest/furthest old—older/elder-oldest/eldest 越来越…单音节词：比较级and比较级多单节词•• more and more原形6.最高级中的of和in的区别of后面跟的是同类的人或事物,in后面跟地点或时间一、人称代词主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词I我me我my我的mine我的you你you你your你的yours你的he他him他his他的his他的she她her 她her她的hers她的it它it它its它的its它的we我们us我们our我们的ours我们的you你们you你们your你们的yours你们的they 一them their theirs他她它们他她它们他她它们的他她它们的主格放在句首做主语，宾格放在句中，做宾语。
高考英语新名词知识点知识点总复习
高考英语新名词知识点知识点总复习一、选择题1．Letting virtual assistants, such as Amazon's Alexa, take care of your home is a(n) _________ for disaster to some, because AI-infused systems may demonstrate unpredictable behaviors that can be disruptive, confusing, offensive, and even dangerous.A．topic B．shortcut C．cure D．recipe 2．Determination is the most important of all the ____________ because without determination, you will end up doing nothing.A．tactics B．virtues C．emotions3．In old China, parents demanded complete ____________ from their children.A．ambition B．obedience C．education4．Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any ________. A．excuse B．sense C．use D．value 5．Timoteo has an unusual job — he is a human traffic _________.A．sign B．signal C．mark D．symbol6．No ______ has proved that eating too much is the main cause of the weight problem. A．doubt B．wonder C．evidence D．belief7．—I couldn’t tell Jack from his twin brother.—Me too, and there is no obvious________between them.A．contribution B．distinction C．promotion D．expression 8．—In spring, hens start laying eggs again, bringing a welcome source of protein.—It is ____ that lots of cultures celebrate spring by honoring the egg!A．no doubt B．no surpriseC．no way D．no need9．This unjust _______ of people on the basis of skin color was challenged. A．determination B．adaptation C．separation D．submission 10．The two neighbouring countries reached a（an） ______ on their boundary problem eventually.A．Accumulation.B．compensation C．accommodation D．ambition11．---What's new?---The upcoming 40-day Spring Festival travel ____ , also known as chunyun, will ___ on Jan 10 and end on Feb 18.A．dash; kick out B．rush; kick off C．flow; kick in D．jam; kick up 12．As we all know, there is a close ______ between diet and health.A．connection B．evidence C．power D．belief 13．Despite numerous failures, they continued to carry out the____________.A．method B．experiment.C．warning D．effect14．Last month L.A．declared a________of emergency as protests over killing of Geroge Floyd a black man turned violent.A．state B．condition C．situation D．circumstance 15．The _____ of the trees in the water was very clear.A．mirror B．sight C．reflection D．shadow16．With the _______ of the mid-term examinations, the majority of the students are becoming more and more nervous.A．approach B．access C．attachment D．appearance 17．Olympic athletes bring joy to people across the world with their____________ to push the boundaries of human achievement.A．intelligence B．influences C．impression D．attempts18．The police are offering a $ 60,000 _____ for information about the killer.A．price B．prize C．award D．reward 19．—Could you tell me the____ of making such tasty cakes?— Well, I just follow the directons in the cookbook.A．feature B．plan C．cost D．trick20．If you can't find a ladder,use a strong chair as a ___________.A．replace B．substitute C．choice D．chance21．I have read the material several times but it doesn’t make any________to me. A．meaning B．importance C．sense D．significance 22．They are building the dam in _____ with another firm.A．comparison B．association C．touch D．tune23．A U.S. company has developed facial _______ software that can help police. A．recognition B．recommendation C．representation D．reality 24．Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big __________, but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.A．project B．commitment C．competition D．ambition25．The system has been meant to give students quick and easy ________ to the digital resources of the library.A．access B．passage C．way D．approach【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除一、选择题1．D解析：D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。
初中英语总复习知识点归纳汇总(41页)
初中英语知识归纳总结（打印版）第一课时名词一、概述1、名词的属性：表示人或事物的名称抽象概念的词叫名词。
2、名词分普通名词和专有名词。
普通名词是表示某一类人或事物，或某种物体或抽象概念的名称。
如：teacher, desks, plates, milk, box等，专有名词表示某一特定的人、事物、地方团体、党派、国家机关、语言、节日等专用的名称。
（运用）如：China, Chinese, Saturday, June, Green, Beijing, Olympic等。
（专有名词的第一个字母要大写）二、可数名词与不可数名词1、可数名词是指表示人或事物，可以用数来计量的名词，有单复数之分。
如：glass-----glasses; book---- books2、不可数名词是指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。
如：paper, rice, water , milk, tea等。
3、有些名词在特定情况下由不可数变为可数名词。
Light travels faster than sound; (light：光线，不可数)The lights are on. (light：灯，可数)4、不可数名词的量的表示不可数名词一般无法用数来计算，前面不能用a或an或数词来表示数量，它的量往往借助于容器来表示。
如：a glass of milk ------ four glasses of milka piece of paper ------two pieces of papera bag of rice ------three bags of rice三、可数名词的复数形式（识记、运用）1、可数名词在应用时有单复数之分，单数变复数有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
policeman---policemen; man---men; woman---women;tooth---teeth; foot---feet; sheep---sheep; deer---deer;Japanese--- Japanese; Chinese --- Chinese; fish --- fish四、名词所有格（运用）名词的所有格是表示所有关系的形式，它也有构成上的变化。
学位英语知识点复习资料
学位英语知识点复习资料
学位英语是指为了获得本科、硕士、博士等学位而进行的英语考试。
学位英语考试主要包括英语写作、阅读理解、翻译、听力和口语等部分。
以下是学位英语考试常见的知识点复习资料：
1. 语法知识：复习英语的基础语法知识，包括时态、语态、倒装、虚拟语气、关系代词等。
掌握常见的语法错误，并学会正确运用语法规则。
2. 词汇和词组：积累常见的学术词汇和词组，包括科技、经济、文化、教育等领域的词汇。
多做词汇练习，例如单词卡片、词汇填空题等。
3. 阅读理解：练习阅读理解技巧，包括快速阅读、扫读和细读。
学会从文章中找出主旨、段落大意和关键信息，以及理解作者观点和态度。
4. 写作技巧：学习常用写作句型和表达方式，包括引用、比较、举例、总结等。
掌握写作结构和段落组织，以及逻辑推理和论证的方法。
5. 翻译技巧：练习英汉互译和句子翻译，学会找出句子的主干和关键词，理解句子的上下文和语境，正确翻译句子的意思。
6. 听力技巧：多进行听力训练，包括听取学术演讲、讨论和讲座的能力。
提高听力理解和记录笔记的能力，注意听取关键信息和理解说话者的观点和态度。
7. 口语技巧：练习口语表达和交流能力，包括自我介绍、讨论话题、发表观点和回答问题。
提高口语流利度、语音语调和掌握场景用语。
以上是学位英语知识点的一些复习资料，希望可以帮助你准备学位英语考试。
另外，参考学校提供的复习资料和样题也是十分重要的。
祝你考试顺利！。
英语必考的知识点总结归纳
英语必考的知识点总结归纳英语作为一门必考科目，其知识点广泛且深入，以下是一些英语必考的知识点总结归纳：# 词汇- 基础词汇：掌握常用词汇，包括名词、动词、形容词、副词等。
- 短语搭配：学习并记忆固定短语和搭配，如动词短语、介词短语等。
- 同义词与反义词：了解并区分同义词和反义词，以增加语言的丰富性和准确性。
# 语法- 时态：掌握各种时态的构成和用法，如一般现在时、过去时、完成时等。
- 语态：理解主动语态和被动语态的区别及其应用。
- 非谓语动词：熟悉动名词、不定式和分词的用法。
- 从句：了解名词性从句、状语从句、定语从句等的构成和功能。
# 阅读- 快速阅读：培养快速获取信息的能力，识别文章主旨和细节。
- 深度阅读：理解文章的深层含义，包括隐含意义和作者态度。
- 批判性阅读：评估文章的论点和论据，形成自己的见解。
# 写作- 文章结构：掌握文章的基本结构，如引言、主体和结尾。
- 写作技巧：学习如何使用恰当的词汇、句型和连接词。
- 写作类型：熟悉不同类型文章的写作方法，如议论文、说明文、叙事文等。
# 听力- 听力理解：提高对不同口音和语速的理解能力。
- 信息捕捉：学会在听力材料中快速捕捉关键信息。
- 听力技巧：掌握预测、笔记和排除干扰的技巧。
# 口语- 发音：练习正确的发音，包括元音和辅音的准确发音。
- 流利度：提高语言的流畅性和连贯性。
- 交际能力：学习如何在不同场合使用恰当的语言进行交流。
# 翻译- 直译与意译：了解直译和意译的区别，并根据上下文选择合适的翻译方法。
- 文化差异：注意语言中的文化差异，避免直译造成的误解。
# 综合应用- 跨文化交际：了解不同文化背景下的交流方式。
- 语言变体：掌握正式和非正式场合的语言使用差异。
- 语言创新：鼓励创造性地使用语言，如成语、俚语等。
通过系统地学习和练习这些知识点，可以有效地提高英语水平，为英语考试做好充分的准备。
记住，持续的实践和复习是掌握英语的关键。
(易错题精选)初中英语语法知识—副词的知识点总复习含解析
一、选择题1．Which city do you like ________, Changsha, Guangzhou or Wuhan?A．best B．better C．more2．—Does Mary________come to see you?—Yeah! She comes to see me every weekend.A．never B．oftenC．soon D．only3．—Patient（病人）: 500 yuan for pulling a bad tooth? It only needs 10 minutes!—Dentist: Well, I can do it __________ if you like.A．quietly B．more slowly C．less carefully D．as quickly as you 4．Look after yourself and take care of your pet.A．well; well B．good; good C．well; good D．good; well 5．—Mom,let's have a rest.I can't walk on.—You get tired __________.You need more exercise.A．easily B．slowly C．freely D．quietly6．My mother usually at 5:30 in the afternoon.A．get home B．get to homeC．gets to home D．gets home7．Alan always gets up late and then goes to school, so he ______ eats breakfast. A．always B．usually C．never D．sometimes 8．—Would you like a glass of cola?—Thanks. But I ______ drink cola. I can’t stand its taste.A．usually B．never C．often D．always9．—I can’t find my dog.—________ you can ask the policeman for help.A．Why not B．May be C．Shall D．Perhaps 10．— How often do you eat junk food(垃圾食品)?—________.A．Two weeks B．Never C．In the morning D．This weekend 11．Tom gets to school early every day, so he is ___________ late for class.A．never B．sometimes C．usually12．—How often does he watch TV?—He watches TV.A．hard ever B．ever C．never13．My uncle doesn’t like fast food, so he _____eats it..A．always B．oftenC．sometimes D．seldom14．—Kitty is very good at musical instruments.—Yes, she is. She can play the guitar almost her guitar teacher.A．as better as B．as good as C．as well as D．so well as 15．—Have you ever been to Brazil?— No, I have________ been there.A．often B．usually C．never16．Lin Tao has a room, but it's not tidy. His toys are________ .A．here B．there C．everywhere 17．—what's the matter with Eric?—He hurt himself ________playing soccer.A．clearly B．happily C．badly D．quietly 18．—Have you ever been to Disneyland?—No, ______. I hope I can go there next year.A．always B．sometimes C．never D．often 19．Li Ming failed the final exam, so he decided to study _______ next term. A．hardly B．hard C．harder D．hardest 20．—Hi, Bob! I can’t find my story book. Have you seen it?—Sorry, I haven’t. Why not ask Jim? Perhaps he’s seen it _____.A．anywhere B．everywhere C．nowhere D．somewhere 21．—Why do you think Sam did _______ than anyone else in the competition?—Because he sang most loudly and _______.A．worse; carefully B．better; clearlyC．worse; quietly D．best; carefully22．Generally speaking, over my career , the harder the course is, ______ I play. A．well B．better C．the best D．the better 23．The children are making too much __________. How __________ they are playing! A．noise; noisily B．noise; noisy C．noisy; noisy D．noisy; noisily 24．These days lots of people are working_________ to get_________ for their living. A．hard enough; enough money B．enough hardly; money enough C．enough hard; money enough D．hardly enough; enough money 25．The poor woman lives _________.But she never feels ________.A．alone; lonely B．lonely; lonely C．alone; alone D．lonely; alone 【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除一、选择题1．A解析：A【解析】【分析】【详解】句意：你最喜欢哪个城市，长沙，广州还是武汉？考查副词最高级。
超详细初中英语知识点总结
超详细初中英语知识点总结一、词汇与语法1. 词汇- 基础词汇：掌握日常生活中常用的名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词等。
- 主题词汇：根据课程内容，学习与学校生活、家庭、职业、食物、动物等相关的主题词汇。
- 词性转换：了解名词、动词、形容词之间的转换规则，如动词加-ing变成动名词，形容词加-ly变成副词等。
2. 语法- 时态：掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时等基本时态的构成和用法。
- 语态：了解主动语态和被动语态的区别及构成，如使用be动词加过去分词构成被动语态。
- 非谓语动词：学习动名词、分词（现在分词和过去分词）和不定式的用法。
- 句子结构：理解简单句、并列句和复合句（包括定语从句、状语从句、宾语从句等）的结构和用法。
- 代词：掌握人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词等的用法。
- 冠词：了解不定冠词a/an和定冠词the的用法。
- 介词：学习常用介词如at, in, on, for, with等的用法，并能正确使用介词短语。
- 连词：掌握并列连词（如and, but, or等）和从属连词（如because, although, when, if等）的用法。
二、听力与口语1. 听力- 听力理解：通过听英语材料，提高对英语语音、语调和语速的理解能力。
- 听力技巧：学习预测、捕捉关键信息、理解上下文等听力技巧。
- 听力练习：定期进行听力练习，包括对话、短文、讲座等不同类型的听力材料。
2. 口语- 发音：练习正确的英语发音，包括元音、辅音、连读、失爆等语音现象。
- 口语表达：提高日常交流中的口语表达能力，如问候、自我介绍、描述事物等。
- 情景对话：通过模拟真实情景，练习在特定情境下的口语交际能力。
- 口语技巧：学习使用恰当的语速、语调和停顿，提高口语的自然度和流畅性。
三、阅读与写作1. 阅读- 阅读理解：通过阅读不同类型的英文材料，提高理解文章主旨和细节信息的能力。
新版人教版pep小学英语三年级下册期末总复习知识点归纳
新版人教版pep小学英语三年级下册期末总复习知识点归纳三年级下册复资料一、要求能在四线格里准确听写的单词（四会单词：听、说、认读、写）1.cat。
bag。
dad。
hand - /æ/2.ten。
pen。
leg。
red - /e/3.big。
pig。
six。
milk - /i/4.dog。
box。
orange。
body - /ɔ/5.fun。
run。
duck。
under - /ʌ/以上每组单词分别含有元音字母 a。
e。
i。
o。
u，要能准确发这五个元音字母在单词里的音，即/æ/。
/e/。
/i/。
/ɔ/。
/ʌ/，音标认识即可，不需要听写。
二、要求能听说认读的单词（三会单词：听、说、认读）Unit 1 e back to school!the) UK。
Canada。
(the) USA。
China英国、加拿大、美国、中国she。
he。
student。
teacher。
pupil她、他、学生、教师、小学生Unit 2 My familyfather (dad)。
man。
mother (mum)。
woman爸爸、男人、妈妈、女人sister。
brother。
grandfather (grandpa)。
grandmother (grandma)姐妹、兄弟、爷爷或外公、奶奶或外婆Unit 3 At the zoo括号里的称呼都是前面正式称呼的口头称呼，用于口头交流。
国家首字母要大写，缩写国家前加the，注意the 的发音。
fat。
thin。
tall。
short - 胖的、瘦的、高的、矮的small。
big。
long。
short - 小的、大的、长的、短的Unit 4 Where is my car?本单元都是形容词，可以用It’s… 来表达；表示长度时用long。
short；表示高度时用 tall。
short；注意区分应用 short 的两种不同意思。
in。
on。
under。
chair。
desk - 在…里、在…上、在…下面、椅子、桌子cap。
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名词1. 名词的数不可数名词的数：不可数名词通常没有复数形式，但可以借助量词来表示一定的数量。two pieces of paper / three cups of tea
常见的不可数名词：1)流体：air / smoke / water / oil / ink / rain / tea / wine / beer /coffee / juice2)物质：paper / glass / wood / dust / gold / fruitmeat / beef / rice / sand / furniture / sugar3)抽象名词：health / friendship / luck / work / news /information / love4)学科：physics / chemistry / maths / history / geography English/ biology
2. 名词所有格名词的所有格有两种形式：一是在名词后面加’ｓ的形式，二是在介词of后加上名词的形式。前者多用于构成表示有生命的东西的名词的所有格，后者多用于构成表示没有生命的东西的所有格。
’ｓ所有格的构成①普通单数名词：the boy’s teacher②词尾已有-s的复数名词：the teachers’ reading-room③复合名词：the editor-in-chief’s office④表示几个词共同的所有关系：Mary and Tom’s bag⑤表示几个词各自的所有关系：Mary’s and Tom’s bags
注意：1)’ｓ属格可以构成表示无生命的东西的名词的所有格：a) 表时间：a week’s time / a month’s salaryb) 表距离：ten miles’ distancec) 表度量衡即价值：two pounds’ weightd) 表国家、城市、国际组织、地理名词：China’s population /the sun’s ray双重属格：of + ’s 属格A friend of my brothersome children of Mr. Brown’ｓ难点：双重属格的名词前不能用the和one来修饰。
名词考点归类1. a number of +复数名词”意为“许多”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the of +复数名词”意为“……的数目”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：The number of people invited was fifty, but a number of themwere absent for different reasons.
2. 不定式短语、动词-ing形式或名词性从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Remembering /To remember English words is not easy.Who will do the job hasn’t been decided yet.
3. “名词或代词+由with, together with, along with, as well as,besides, but ,except, including, in addition to, like, no less than,rather than等引起的短语”作主语时，谓语动词与前面的名词或代词的数一致。如：Mr. Li together with his two sons has gone to the cinema.No one except the two boys was late for class.
4. 当表示时间、距离、金额等度量的复数名词作主语，把它看作一个整体时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：Surely 15 minutes is enough time for you to have a coffee.
5. 主语由or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also连接时，谓语形式由最邻近的主语决定。Not only you but also I am wrong.Neither my aunt nor I am going out this afternoon.Either you or she is to do the work.
6. 当两个名词表示同一人、同一事物、同一概念或一个完整的东西时(其特征是and后的名词前无任何冠词) ，谓语动词用单数形式。如：The teacher and writer has come.(The teacher and the writer have come. 那个教师和那个作家都到来了。)
The bread and butter is a daily food in the West.A knife and fork is on the table.
7. 某些集体名词，如committee, family, audience, class, club,company, crew, government, group, party, public, team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。如：My family are all fond of going to the cinema.The family is rather big, with twelve people in all.
8. 注意：people, police作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。The police have come to arrest him.
冠词1. 不定冠词的用法不定冠词有两个a / an。a用在辅音开头的可数名词单数前面；an用于以元音（不是元音字母）开头的可数名词单数之前。a cake / an apple / half an hour
1) 不定冠词用在单数可数名词前表示“某一个”，不限定的或首次提到的人或物。I bought a horse yesterday.2) 不定冠词用在单数可数名词之前，表示“任何，每个”。A car must be insured.3) 不定冠词用于某些固定短语中。have a try / take a break / have a good ideamake a living / as a matter of fact / in a word2. 定冠词的用法1) 定冠词和名词连用，表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。Mother carved the meat into slices.
2) 定冠词用于可数名词前，表示一类人或东西。The horse is a useful animal.
3) 定冠词用于第二次出现的名词前。I got a letter yesterday. The letter was from my sister.
4) 定冠词用于某些名词或形容词前，表示一类人，一个民族，阶级或阶层。the Chinese / the rich注意：这类结构作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。
5) 定冠词用于世界上独一无二的事物前。the sun / the earth / the world
6) 定冠词用于序数词前表示顺序。the third group
7) 定冠词用于形容词和副词的最高级前面。This is the most interesting book I have ever read.
8) 定冠词在play后和乐器连用。Play the piano / play the flute
9) 定冠词与姓氏的复数形式连用，表示一家人。The blacks came to China in 1994
10) 由普通名词构成的专有名词。The Changjiang River / the red sea
11) 在表示发明物的名词前面。Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
3. 不用冠词的情况1) 表示球类、棋类的运动项目不加冠词。play football / play chess
2) 在一日三餐名词前不用冠词。Have breakfast / lunch / supper
3) 交通工具名词前不用冠词。by car / by ship / by plane / on foot
4) 在一些地点名词，如bed / church / school / hospital / home /work等，当人们去这些地方做在这些地方应该做的事时，不加冠词。go home / go to school / go to church / in hospital /go to work
4. 泛指概念的四种表达方式1) 不带the的不可数名词可以表示泛指。I like music.
2) 不带the的复数可数名词表示泛指。Bananas are yellow.
3) “the + 单数可数名词”可以表示泛指。The elephant is the largest land mammal.
4) “不定冠词a / an + 单数可数名词”可以表示泛指。A dog makes good pet.
代词考点1 人称代词，物主代词的常用考点：1. 在名词双重所有格里的物主代词用法：