经济学原理 英文版复习题
复习题：
一、True or False：
1. Government policies that improve equality usually increase efficiency at the same time.
2. A rational decisionmaker takes an action if and only if the marginal cost exceeds the marginal benefit.
3.Trade allows each person to specialize in the activities he or she does best, thus increasing each individual's productivity.
4. the production possibilities frontier shows the opportunity cost of one good as measured in terms of the other good.
5. When a production possibilities frontier is bowed outward, the opportunity cost of the first good in terms of the second good increases as more of the second good is produced.
6. For a country producing two goods, the opportunity cost of one good will be the inverse of the opportunity cost of the other good.
7. If a country has the comparative advantage in producing a product, then that country must also have the absolute advantage in producing that product.
8.An increase in the price of pizza will shift the demand curve for pizza to the left.
9. A decrease in supply shifts the supply curve to the right.
10. The demand for gasoline will respond more to a change in price over a period of five weeks than over a period of five years.
11. Suppose that when the price rises by 10% for a particular good, the quantity demanded of that good falls by 30%. The price elasticity of demand for this good is equal to 1/3.
12. Demand is inelastic if the price elasticity of demand is greater than 1.
13.A price ceiling is a legal minimum on the price at which a good or service can be sold.
14. A price floor set above the equilibrium price is not binding.
15 .The equilibrium of supply and demand in a market maximizes the total benefits to buyers and sellers of participating in that market.
16. Efficiency is related to the size of the economic pie, whereas equality is related to how the pie gets sliced and distributed.
17. When markets fail, public policy can potentially remedy the problem and increase economic efficiency.
18. As the size of a tax increases, the government's tax revenue rises, then falls.
19.Because the supply of land is perfectly elastic, the deadweight loss of a tax on land is very large.
20.In principle, trade can make a nation better off, because the gains to the winners exceed the losses to the losers.
21. If a tariff is placed on watches, the price of both domestic and imported watches will rise by the amount of the tariff.
22. When a country that imports shoes imposes a tariff on shoes, buyers of shoes in that country become worse off.
23. A verage total cost reveals how much total cost will change as the firm alters its level of production.
24. Economies of scale often arise because higher production levels allow specialization among workers.
25. If long-run average total cost is rising, then the firm is experiencing economies of scale.
26. The shape of the marginal cost curve tells a producer something about the marginal product of her workers.
27. A firm operating in a perfectly competitive industry will shut down in the short run but earn losses if the market price is less than that firm’s average variable cost.
28. A firm will shut down in the short run if revenue is not sufficient to cover all of its fixed costs of production.
29. The marginal firm in a competitive market will earn zero economic profit in the long run.
30. Copyrights and patents are examples of barriers to entry that afford firms monopoly pricing powers.
31. Like competitive firms, monopolies choose to produce a quantity in which margi nal revenue equals marginal cost.
32. For a profit-maximizing firm in a monopolistically competitive market, when price is equal to average total cost, price must lie above marginal cost.
33. A firm in a monopolistically competitive market can earn both short-run and long-run profits.
34. When a firm in a monopolistically competitive market earns zero economic profit, its product price must equal marginal cost.
35. As the number of firms in an oligopoly becomes very large, the price effect disappears.
36. If two players engaged in a prisoner’s dilemma game are likely to repeat the game, they are more likely to cooperate than if they play the game only once.
二、Multiple Choice
1. In most societies, resources are allocated by
A a single central planner.
b B a small number of central planners.
c C those firms that use resources to provide goods an
d services.
d D th
e combined actions o
f millions of households and firms.
2. Sophia is planning her activities for a hot summer day. She would like to go to
the local swimming pool and see the latest blockbuster movie, but because she can only get tickets to the movie for the same time that the pool is open she can only choose one activity. This illustrates the basic principle that
a A people respond to incentives.
b B rational people think at the margin.
c C people face tradeoffs.
d D improvements in efficiency sometimes com
e at the expense of
equality.
3. The opportunity cost of obtaining more of one good is shown on the production
possibilities frontier as the
a A amount of the other good that must be given up.
b B market price of the additional amount produced.
c C amount of resources that must be devote
d to its production.
d D number of dollars that must b
e spent to produce it.
4. When economists make normative statements, they are
a A speaking as scientists.
b B speaking as policy advisers.
c C making claims about how the worl
d is.
d D revealing that they ar
e very liberal in their views o
f how the world
works.
5. What must be given up to obtain an item is called
a A out-of-pocket cost.
b B comparative worth.
c C opportunity cost.
d D absolut
e value.
6. Suppose that a worker in Boatland can produce either 5 units of wheat or 25
units of fish per year, and a worker in Farmland can produce either 25 units of wheat or 5 units of fish per year. There are 30 workers in each country. No trade occurs between the two countries. Boatland produces and consumes 75 units of wheat and 375 units of fish per year while Farmland produces and
consumes 375 units of wheat and 75 units of fish per year. If trade were to
occur, Boatland would trade 90 units of fish to Farmland in exchange for 80
units of wheat. If Boatland now completely specializes in fish production, how many units of fish could it now consume along with the 80 units of imported
wheat?
a A 490 units
b B 500 units
c C 610 units
d D 660 units
7. The opportunity cost of an item is
a A the number of hours that one must work in order to buy one unit of
the item.
b B what you give up to get that item.
c C always less than the dollar value of the item.
d D always greater than th
e cost o
f producin
g the item.
8. In a market economy, supply and demand are important because they
a A play a critical role in the allocation of the economy’s scarce
resources.
b B determine how much of each good gets produced.
c C can be use
d to predict th
e impact on the economy o
f various
events and policies.
d D ll of th
e above are correct.
9. The supply of a good or service is determined by
a A those who buy the good or service.
b B the government.
c C those who sell the goo
d or service.
d D both thos
e who buy and those who sell the good or service.
10. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a perfectly competitive market?
a A Different sellers sell identical products.
b B There are many sellers.
c C Sellers must accept the price the market determines.
d D All of th
e above are characteristics o
f a perfectly competitive
market.
11. The law of demand states that, other things equal,
a A when the price of a good falls, the demand for the good rises.
b B when the price of a good rises, the quantity demanded of the good
rises.
c C when the price of a goo
d rises, th
e demand for the good falls.
d D when th
e price o
f a good falls, the quantity demanded of the good
rises.
12 The price elasticity of demand measures
a A buyers’ responsiveness to a change in the price of a good.
b B the extent to which demand increases as additional buyers enter
the market.
c C how much more of a goo
d consumers will demand when incomes
rise.
d D th
e movement along a supply curve when there is a change in
demand.
13. Which of the following statements about the price elasticity of demand is
correct?
a A The price elasticity of demand for a good measures the willingness
of buyers of the good to buy less of the good as its price increases.
b B Price elasticity of demand reflects the many economic,
psychological, and social forces that shape consumer tastes.
c C Other things equal, if goo
d x has clos
e substitutes and good y does
not have close substitutes, then the demand for good x will be more elastic
than the demand for good y.
d D All of th
e above are correct.
14. Minimum-wage laws dictate
a A the exact wage that firms must pay workers.
b B a maximum wage that firms may pay workers.
c C a minimum wage that firms may pay workers.
d D a minimum wag
e and a maximum wage that firms may pay
workers.
15. If a price ceiling is not binding, then
a A the equilibrium price is above the price ceiling.
b B the equilibrium price is below the price ceiling.
c C it has no legal enforcement mechanism.
d D Mor
e than one o
f the above is correct.
16. Willingness to pay
a A measures the value that a buyer places on a good.
b B is the amount a seller actually receives for a good minus the
minimum amount the seller is willing to accept.
c C is the maximum amount a buyer is willing to pay minus the
minimum amount a seller is willing to accept.
d D is th
e amount a buyer is willing to pay for a good minus the amount
the buyer actually pays for it.
17. A demand curve reflects each of the following except the
a A willingness to pay of all buyers in the market.
b B value each buyer in the market places on the good.
c C highest price buyers are willing to pay for each quantity.
d D ability of buyers to obtain th
e quantity they desire.
18. What happens to the total surplus in a market when the government imposes a
tax?
a A Total surplus increases by the amount of the tax.
b B Total surplus increases but by less than the amount of the tax.
c C Total surplus decreases.
d D Total surplus is unaffected by th
e tax.
19. To measure the gains and losses from a tax on a good, economists use the tools
of
a A macroeconomics.
b B welfare economics.
c C international-trade theory.
d D circular-flow analysis.
20. A tax on a good
a A gives buyers an incentive to buy more of the good than they
otherwise would buy.
b B gives sellers an incentive to produce less of the good than they
otherwise would produce.
c C creates a benefit to the government, the size of which exceeds the
loss in surplus to buyers and sellers.
d D All of th
e above are correct.
21. Suppose Scotland goes from being an isolated country to being an exporter of
wool. As a result,
a A consumer surplus of Scottish consumers of wool increases.
b B producer surplus of Scottish producers of wool increases.
c C total surplus of Scottish wool consumers an
d producers remains
constant.
d D it is reasonabl
e to infer that other countries have a comparative
advantage over Scotland in wool production.
22. After a country goes from disallowing trade in coffee with other countries to
allowing trade in coffee with other countries,
a A the domestic price of coffee will be greater than the world price of
coffee.
b B the domesti
c price of coffee will be lower than the worl
d pric
e of
coffee.
c C the domestic price of coffee will equal the worl
d pric
e o
f coffee.
d D Th
e world price o
f coffee does not matter; the domestic price of
coffee prevails.
23. Which of the following costs do not vary with the amount of output a firm
produces?
a A average fixed costs
b B fixed costs and average fixed costs
c C marginal costs an
d averag
e fixed costs
d D fixed costs
24. If a firm produces nothing, which of the following costs will be zero?
a A total cost
b B fixed cost
c C opportunity cost
d D variabl
e cost
25. When firms are said to be price takers, it implies that if a firm raises its price,
a A buyers will go elsewhere.
b B buyers will pay the higher price in the short run.
c C competitors will also raise their prices.
d D firms in th
e industry will exercise market power.
26. Suppose a firm operates in the short run at a price above its average total cost
of production. In the long run the firm should expect
a A new firms to enter the market.
b B the market price to fall.
c C its profits to fall.
d D All of th
e above are correct.
27. A monopoly market is characterized by
a A many buyers and sellers.
b B “natural” products.
c C barriers to entry.
d D a Nash equilibrium.
28. A firm that is the sole seller of a product without close substitutes is
a A perfectly competitive.
b B monopolistically competitive.
c C an oligopolist.
d C a monopolist.
29. Sizable economic profits can persist over time under monopoly if the
monopolist
a A produces that output where average total cost is at a maximum.
b B is protected by barriers to entry.
c C operates as a price taker rather than a price maker.
d D realizes revenues that exceed variabl
e costs.
30. A monopolistically competitive market has characteristics that are similar to
a A a monopoly only.
b B a competitive firm only.
c C both a monopoly an
d a competitiv
e firm.
d D neither a monopoly nor a competitiv
e firm.
31. In monopolistically competitive markets, free entry and exit suggests that
a A the market structure will eventually be characterized by perfect
competition in the long run.
b B all firms earn zero economi
c profits in the long run.
c C some firms will be able to earn economic profits in the long run.
d D som
e firms will be forced to incur economic losses in the long run.
32. When a firm's demand curve is tangent to its average total cost curve, the
a A firm's economic profit is zero.
b B firm may be earning economi
c profits.
c C firm must be operating at its efficient scale.
d D Both a and c ar
e correct.
33. An oligopoly would tend to restrict output and drive up price if
a A barriers to entering the industry are negligible.
b B firms engage in informative advertising.
c C firms produce a standardize
d product.
d D firms collud
e and behave like a monopoly.
34. The prisoners' dilemma provides insights into the
a A difficulty of maintaining cooperation.
b B benefits of avoiding cooperation.
c C benefits of government ownership of monopoly.
d D eas
e with which oligopoly firms maintain high prices.
35. In a two-person repeated game, a tit-for-tat strategy starts with
a A cooperation and then each player mimics the other player's last
move.
b B cooperation and then each player is unresponsive to the strategic
moves of the other player.
c C noncooperation an
d then each player pursues his or her own
self-interest.
d D noncooperation and then each player cooperates when th
e other
player demonstrates a desire for the cooperative solution.
36. We know that people tend to overuse common resources. This problem can
be viewed as an example of
a A a game in which the players succeed in reaching the cooperative
outcome.
b B the prisoners’ d ilemma.
c C a situation to which game theory does not apply because of a lack
of strategic thinking.
d D a situation to which gam
e theory does not apply because o
f too
many decision-makers.
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曼昆经济学原理英文版文案加习题答案8章
144 WHAT’S NEW IN THE S EVENTH EDITION: A new In the News box on ―The Tax Debate ‖ has been added. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of this chapter, students should understand: how taxes reduce consumer and producer surplus. the meaning and causes of the deadweight loss from a tax. why some taxes have larger deadweight losses than others. how tax revenue and deadweight loss vary with the size of a tax. CONTEXT AND PURPOSE: Chapter 8 is the second chapter in a three-chapter sequence dealing with welfare economics. In the previous section on supply and demand, Chapter 6 introduced taxes and demonstrated how a tax affects the price and quantity sold in a market. Chapter 6 also described the factors that determine how the burden of the tax is divided between the buyers and sellers in a market. Chapter 7 developed welfare economics —the study of how the allocation of resources affects economic well-being. Chapter 8 combines the lessons learned in Chapters 6 and 7 and addresses the effects of taxation on welfare. Chapter 9 will address the effects of trade restrictions on welfare. The purpose of Chapter 8 is to apply the lessons learned about welfare economics in Chapter 7 to the issue of taxation that was addressed in Chapter 6. Students will learn that the cost of a tax to buyers and sellers in a market exceeds the revenue collected by the government. Students will also learn about the factors that determine the degree by which the cost of a tax exceeds the revenue collected by the government. 8 APPLICATION: THE COSTS OF TAXATION
经济学原理_试题(B)
南开大学经济学院本科2010级经济学原理期末考试（B 卷） 专业： 姓名 学号 成绩 任课教师： 一、单项选择（每小题2分，共30分） < 1、关于生产可能性边界，以下不正确的是：（ ） A 、 生产可能性边界是一个国家利用资源所能生产出的最大商品集合的边界。 B 、 生产可能性边界的斜率代表了增加某种商品产出的机会成本。 C 、 生产可能性边界凹向原点是因为资源的稀缺性。 D 、 生产可能性边界随着技术进步而向右移动。 2、对一种奢侈品征税，很可能使税收负担（ ） A 、 更多的落在买者身上 B 、 、 C 、 更多的落在卖者身上 D 、 在买者和卖者之间平等的分摊 E 、 完全落在买者身上 3、假设可以购买三个一样的鼠标。买者1愿意为一个鼠标支付60元钱，买者2愿意为一个鼠标支付50元钱，买者3愿意为一个鼠标支付40元钱。如果鼠标的市场价格是50元钱，将卖出多少鼠标，这个市场的消费者剩余值是多少（ ） A 、 将卖出一个鼠标，消费者剩余值为60元钱 B 、 将卖出三个鼠标，消费者剩余值为0元 C 、 将卖出三个鼠标，消费者剩余值为10元 D 、 将卖出两个鼠标，消费者剩余值为10元 ; 4、如果一个竞争企业的产量翻了一番，它的总收益（ ） A 、 翻一番 B 、 翻了一番还多 C 、 翻了不到一番 D 、 不能确定，因为物品价格可能上升或下降。 5、在能供给整个市场的产量时，其平均总成本一直下降到最小的企业称为（ ） A 、 完全竞争者 B 、 自然垄断 C 、 政府垄断
E、受管制的垄断 6、垄断竞争企业在长期内经济利润为零，是因为：（） A、市场上存在许多卖者。 B、虽然产品有差异，但产品之间的差异不够大。 C、企业可以无成本的自由进入与退出市场。 D、以上都是。 7、在以下商品中，提高价格最有可能使生产者的收入提高的商品是：（） A、粮食。 B、》 C、高档服装。 D、汽车。 E、手机。 8、下列哪个事件影响了2010年中国的国内生产总值GDP（） A、2010年中国人的家庭劳动 B、2010年中国公司在海外承包的大型建设工程 C、2010年在中国的一家钢铁公司为另一家在中国的造船厂生产的特种钢材。 D、2010年在中国的一家汽车公司把生产出来的汽车封入库存，以便明年旺季销售。 . 9、X与Y两种商品的价格分别由去年的10元与2元上涨至今年的11元与元，如果一个篮子是由4个X和10个Y组成的，那么以去年为基期，今年的通货膨胀率是（） A、10％ B、15% C、20％ D、25％ 10、下列情况中可能会降低社会的失业率的是（） A、政府组织公共培训计划 B、政府提高最低工资水平 C、工会为其会员争取更高的工资待遇 D、| E、企业实行效率工资 11、下列不属于中央银行货币政策工具的是（） A、公开市场操作 B、法定准备金 C、贴现率 D、发行或回购国债 12、假定货币供应量是万亿，真实GDP是5万亿，物价水平是2，货币流通速度则是（）
宏观经济学试题及答案解析
《宏观经济学》模拟试题及参考答案 第Ⅰ部分模拟试题 一、填空题（每空1分，共10分） 1、平均消费倾向表示与之比。 2、在二部门经济中，均衡的国民收入是和相等时的国民收入。 3、宏观财政政策包括政策和政策。 4、交易余额和预防余额主要取决于，投机余额主要取决于。 5、宏观货币政策的主要内容有调整法定准备金率、、。 1、消费支出、可支配收入。 2、总支出、国民收入。 3、财政支出、财政收入。 4、国民收入、利息率。 5、调整贴现率、在公开市场上买卖政府债券。 二、判断题（下列各题，如果您认为正确，请在题后的括号中打上“√”号，否则请打上“×”号，每题1分，共10分） 1、财政政策的内在稳定器有助于缓和经济的波动。（） 2、从短期来说，当居民的可支配收入为0时，消费支出也为0。（）。 3、消费曲线的斜率等于边际消费倾向。（） 4、当某种商品的价格上涨时，我们就可以说，发生了通货膨胀。（）， 5、投机动机的货币需求是国民收入的递增函数。（） 6、当投资增加时，IS曲线向右移动。（） 7、在IS曲线的右侧，I 一、单项选择题（每小题只有一个符合题意的正确答案，请将你认为是正确答案的序号写在答卷纸上。本大题30个小题，每小题1分，共30分） 1、价格是影响需求的最重要的因素，一般来说，价格和需求的变动成（ B ）。 A.成正方向变化 B.成反方向变化 C.不相关 D.完全等价 2、某消费者逐渐增加某种商品的消费量，直到实现效用最大化。在这一过程中，该商品的（C ） A.总效用和边际效用不断增加 B.总效用不断下降，边际效用不断增加 C.总效用不断增加，边际效用不断下降 D.总效用和边际效用不断减少 3、亨利花了一个小时购物并买了一件价值30美元的衣服，购买该衣服的机会成本是（）。 A.一个小时 B.30美元 C.一个小时加30美元 D.一个小时加30美元的次优用途 4、整个行业只有唯一供给者的市场结构是（）。 A.完全垄断市场 B.完全竞争市场 C.寡头垄断市场 D.垄断竞争市场 5、如果价格下降10%能使买者总支出增加1%，则这种商品的需求量对价格（）。 A.富有弹性 B.具有单位弹性 C.缺乏弹性 D.其弹性不能确定 6、完全竞争市场上的企业之所以是价格接受者，是因为（）。 A.它对价格有较大程度的控制 B.它生产了所在行业绝大部分产品 C.它的产量只占行业的全部产量的一个很小的份额 D.该行业只有很少数量的企业 7、假如某教授的年薪是20万元，若他从事其他的职业，最多只能得到3万元，那么，他所获得的经济租金为（）。 A. 20万元 B. 17万元 C. 3万元 D.不确定 8、一年内在本国领土所生产的最终产品的市场价值总和被称为（）。 A.国民生产总值 B.国内生产总值 C.国民生产净值 D.实际国内生产总值 9、政府的财政收入政策通过（）对国民收入产生影响。 A.政府转移支付 B.政府购买 C.消费支出 D.出口 10、中央银行降低再贴现率，会使银行准备金（）。 A.增加 B.减少 C.不变 D.以上都有可能 11、中央银行在公开市场卖出政府债券是企图（）。 A.收集一笔资金帮助政府弥补财政赤字 B.减少商业银行在中央银行的存款 C.减少流通中基础货币以紧缩货币供给 D.通过买卖债券获取差价利益 12、如果某商品的需求收入弹性大于1，则该商品属于（）。 A.高档品 B.必需品 C.低档物 D.生活用品 13、已知某消费者的收入是200元，商品X的价格是20元，商品Y的价格是6元。假定他打算购买7单位X和10单位Y，这时商品X和Y的边际效用分别是50和18，如要获取最大效用，他应该（）。 A.停止购买 B.增购X，减少Y的购买量 C.增购Y，减少X的购买量 D.同时增购X、Y 14、国民生产净值等于国民生产总值减去（）。 A.折旧 B.间接税 C.所得税 D.政府的转移支付 15、一般认为，只有在（）市场上，企业的生产成本从长期来看才是最低的，市场机制才能实现资源的有效配置。 A.寡头垄断 B.垄断竞争 C.完全竞争 D.不完全竞争 16、现代西方宏观经济学的研究正式开始的标志是（）。 A.《国富论》 B.《就业、利息和货币通论》 C.《经济学原理》 D.《经济学：原理、问题和政策》 17、如果其他各种条件均保持不变，当X商品的互补品Y商品的价格上升时，对X商品的需求：（）。 A.增加 B.减少 C.不变 D.无法确定 18、在研究消费者行为时，我们需要假定消费者是追求效用最大化的和理性的，这是（）假设。 A.社会人 B.经济人 C.复杂人 D.自我实现人 Chapter 9 Application: International Trade 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. _ __ 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. _ __ 1. Nations would gain from trade if a(n) ________ exists. ( c ) a.absolute advantage b.specialization https://www.360docs.net/doc/9315899021.html,parative advantage d.infant industry 2. If Canada has a comparative advantage over Denmark in the production of wood, this implies that ( b ) a.it requires fewer resources in Canada than in Denmark to produce wood. b.the opportunity cost of producing wood in Canada is lower than in Denmark. c.Denmark does not benefit by trading with Canada. d.Canada should buy wood from Denmark. 3. Domestic producers gain from the opportunity to export goods to foreign countries because ( a ) a.the free-trade price of the good is higher than the domestic price in the absence of trade. b.producers are able to reach a wider market. c.although the free-trade price is lower than in the absence of trade, producers are able to sell a greater quantity. d.production rises, although there is no change in the price of the good compared to the no-trade situation. 4. If at the world equilibrium price the U.S. quantity demanded is greater than the U.S. quantity supplied, then ( a ) a.the United States will import the good. b.the United States will export the good. c.the world price will fall. d.the world price will ris e. WHAT’S NEW IN THE S EVENTH EDITION: A new Case Study on Left-Digit Bias has been added and a new In the News feature on "Can Brain Science Improve Economics" has been added. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of this chapter, students should understand: how to examine problems caused by asymmetric information. the market solutions to asymmetric information. why democratic voting systems may not represent the preferences of society. why people may not always behave as rational maximizers. CONTEXT AND PURPOSE: Chapter 22 is the last chapter in the microeconomics portion of the text. It is the second of two unrelated chapters that introduce students to advanced topics in microeconomics. These two chapters are intended to whet their appetites for further study in economics. The purpose of Chapter 22 is to give students a taste of three topics on the frontier of microeconomic research. The first topic addressed is asymmetric information , a situation when one person in an economic relationship has more relevant knowledge than the other person does. The second topic is political economy , the application of economic tools to the understanding of the functioning of government. The third topic addressed is behavioral economics , the introduction of psychology into the study of economic issues. 22 FRONTIERS OF MICROECONOMICS 宏观经济学试题库 第一单元 一、单项选择题 1、宏观经济学的中心理论是（） A、价格决定理论； B、工资决定理论； C、国民收入决定理论； D、汇率决定理论。 2、表示一国在一定时期内生产的所有最终产品和劳务的市场价值的总量指标是（） A、国民生产总值； B、国内生产总值； C、名义国民生产总值； D、实际国民生产总值。 3、GNP核算中的劳务包括（） A、工人劳动； B、农民劳动； C、工程师劳动； D、保险业服务。 4、实际GDP等于（） A、价格水平除以名义GDP； B、名义GDP除以价格水平； C、名义GDP乘以价格水平； D、价格水平乘以潜在GDP。 5、从国民生产总值减下列项目成为国民生产净值（） A、折旧； B、原材料支出； C、直接税； D、间接税。 6、从国民生产净值减下列项目在为国民收入（） A、折旧； B、原材料支出； C、直接税； D、间接税。 二、判断题 1、国民生产总值中的最终产品是指有形的物质产品。（） 2、今年建成并出售的房屋和去年建成而在今年出售的房屋都应计入今年的国民生产总值。 （） 3、同样的服装，在生产中作为工作服就是中间产品，而在日常生活中穿就是最终产品。 （） 4、国民生产总值一定大于国内生产总值。（） 5、居民购房支出属于个人消费支出。（） 6、从理论上讲，按支出法、收入法和部门法所计算出的国民生产总值是一致的。（） 7、所谓净出口是指出口减进口。（） 8、在三部门经济中如果用支出法来计算，GNP等于消费＋投资＋税收。（） 三、简答题 1、比较实际国民生产总值与名义国民生产总值。 2、比较国民生产总值与人均国民生产总值。 3、为什么住房建筑支出作为投资支出的一部分？ 4、假定A为B提供服务应得报酬400美元，B为A提供服务应得报酬300美元，AB商定相 互抵消300美元，结果A只收B100美元。应如何计入GNP？ 第一单元答案： 一、C、A、D、B、A、D； 二、错、错、对、错、错、对、对、错； 三、1、实际国民生产总值与名义国民生产总值的区别在于计算时所用的价格不同。前者用不变价格，后者用当年价格。两者之间的差别反映了通货膨胀程度。 2、国民生产总值用人口总数除所得出的数值就是人均国民生产总值。前者可以反映一国的综合国力，后者可以反映一国的富裕程度。 3、由于能长期居住，提供服务，它比一般耐用消费品的使用寿命更长，因此把住房的 第一章宏观经济学导论习题及参考答案 一、习题 1．简释下列概念： 宏观经济学、经济增长、经济周期、失业、充分就业、通货膨胀、GDP、GNP、名义价值、实际价值、流量、存量、萨伊定律、古典宏观经济模型、凯恩斯革命。 2．宏观经济学的创始人是（）。 A．斯密；B．李嘉图； C．凯恩斯；D．萨缪尔森。 3．宏观经济学的中心理论是（）。 A．价格决定理论；B．工资决定理论； C．国民收入决定理论；D．汇率决定理论。 4．下列各项中除哪一项外，均被认为是宏观经济的“疾病”（）。 A．高失业；B．滞胀； C．通货膨胀；D．价格稳定。 5．表示一国居民在一定时期内生产的所有最终产品和劳务 的市场价值的总量指标是（）。 A．国民生产总值；B．国内生产总值； C．名义国内生产总值；D．实际国内生产总值。 6．一国国内在一定时期内生产的所有最终产品和劳务的市 场价值根据价格变化调整后的数值被称为（）。 A．国民生产总值；B．实际国内生产总值； C．名义国内生产总值；D．潜在国内生产总值。 7．实际GDP等于（）。 A．价格水平/名义GDP；B．名义GDP/价格水平×100； C．名义GDP乘以价格水平；D．价格水平乘以潜在GDP。 8．下列各项中哪一个属于流量？（）。 A．国内生产总值；B．国民债务； C．现有住房数量；D．失业人数。 9．存量是（）。 A．某个时点现存的经济量值；B．某个时点上的流动价值； C．流量的固体等价物；D．某个时期内发生的经济量值。 10. 下列各项中哪一个属于存量？（）。 A. 国内生产总值； B. 投资； C. 失业人数； D. 人均收入。 11．古典宏观经济理论认为，利息率的灵活性使得（）。 A．储蓄大于投资；B．储蓄等于投资； C．储蓄小于投资；D．上述情况均可能存在。 12．古典宏观经济理论认为，实现充分就业的原因是（）。 A．政府管制；B．名义工资刚性； C．名义工资灵活性；D．货币供给适度。 13．根据古典宏观经济理论，价格水平降低导致下述哪一变量减少（）。 A．产出；C．就业； C．名义工资；D．实际工资。 14．在凯恩斯看来，造成资本主义经济萧条的根源是（）。 A．有效需求不足；B．资源短缺； C．技术落后；C．微观效率低下。 2005年秋季学期《经济学原理》期末试题 注意：请全部用中文回答（留学生可用英文）。试卷的答案必须写在答题册上才有效，请记住在答题册上写下姓名和学号。 Good luck! 一、判断题（判断并必须说明理由，可以用文字或图形。每题5分，共40分） 注意以下各题中出现的斜体字部分是已知条件，不用做出判断。 1.垄断厂商的定价总是选择在其需求曲线缺乏弹性（即需求价格弹性小于1）的地方。 错。垄断者选择在弹性大于1的地方生产。参见作业第15章第13题答案。 2. 如果一个行业的企业的定价在边际成本以上，经济学家就认定存在市场势力。小王这么说，一个行业所有的企业的成本情况都相同，且利润都等于零，那么该行业一定不存在市场势力。请判断小王的说法。 不对，垄断竞争企业的长期利润等于零，但是存在市场势力（定价高于边际成本）。 3.由于存在边际产量递减，所以企业的长期平均总成本曲线最终会向上弯曲。 不对，边际产量递减是短期平均成本曲线向上弯曲的原因。长期平均成本曲线向上弯曲的原因是规模不经济。 4.虽然某垄断厂商所面临的需求曲线从D1变为D2，但是有可能该厂商所生产的产品数量不变。请用图形来说明你的判断（不用图形，即使判断正确也扣3分）。 正确。如下图： 5.价格歧视虽然增加了垄断者的利润但是也都对经济效率带来了无谓损失。 错误，完全价格歧视就没有任何效率损失。 6.在完全竞争的情况下所有的农民采用新技术降低了小麦的生产边际成本（随着边际成本的 P Q D2 D1 MR1 MR2 MC P2 P1 降低，平均成本也会向下移动），结果小麦的供给上升，价格下降，由于小麦的需求缺乏弹性，那么农民的收入下降，这就是“谷贱伤农”。既然情况如此，为什么每个农民都希望发明新技术来降低边际成本呢？小王的解释是对于每个农民来讲，采用新技术是其优势战略，所以出现了斜体字部分所描述的那种“谷贱伤农”情况；小张的解释是每个农民都采用新技术是一种纳什均衡状况，但不是优势战略均衡状况。小张的说法正确，小王的说法错误。错误。根据题中的条件可以知道采用新技术是每个农民的优势战略。理由是当其他农民都不采用新技术时，采用新技术（正利润）要好于不采用新技术（利润为零）；当其他农民都采用新技术时，采用新技术（利润为零）也要好于不采用新技术（亏本）。 7. 一个完全竞争行业处于长期均衡，然后政府决定对于该行业的每个企业（注意只要进入该行业即可获得补贴）给予一次性的补贴（即补贴与产量无关）。给予补贴后，该行业再一次达到长期均衡。小王认为，补贴并达到长期均衡后，补贴前就已经在该行业的边际企业的产量将下降。 正确，因为补贴使得平均成本下降（边际成本不会变化），每个原有企业获得正利润，吸引其他企业进入，市场价格下降，原有的边际企业就会沿着边际成本减少产量。 8.当对一个完全竞争行业进行价格上限管制（该价格上限低于市场均衡价格）时，达到长期均衡后，该价格上限等于边际企业的边际成本，同时也等于该企业的最低平均总成本。 正确。限制性价格上限低于市场均衡价格，使得一部分企业退出市场。达到长期均衡后，边际企业的经济利润等于零。即限制性价格上限等于边际成本，也等于最低平均成本。 二、选择题（每题3分且只有一个正确答案。共30分） 1.Accounting profit is equal to (i) total revenue – implicit costs. (ii) total revenue – opportunity costs. (iii) economic profit + implicit costs. A. (i) only B. (iii) only C. (i) and (ii) D. None of the above are correct. 2. Because each oligopolist cares about its own profit rather than the collective profit of all the oligopolists together, A. they are unable to maintain the same degree of monopoly power enjoyed by a monopolist. B. each firm’s profit always ends up being zero. C. society is worse off as a result. D. All of the above are correct. 3. As new firms enter a monopolistically competitive market, profits of existing firms A. rise and product diversity in the market increases. B. rise and product diversity in the market decreases. C. decline and product diversity in the market increases. D. decline and product diversity in the market decreases. 4.垄断厂商的边际成本曲线是MC=8，该厂商所面临的需求曲线是P=40-Q，其中P代表价格，Q代表数量。下面哪个产量使得该垄断厂商的利润最大： A 32 B 16 经济学原理名词解释 CHAPTER 1 Scarcity : the limited nature of society’s resources. Economics : the study of how society manages its scarce resources. Efficiency : the property of society getting the most it can from its scarce resources. Equity : the property of distributing economic prosperity fairly among the members of society. Opportunity cost : whatever must be given up to obtain some item. Marginal changes : small incremental adjustments to a plan of action. Market economy : an economy that allocates resources through the decentralized decisions of many firms and households as they interact in markets for goods and services. Market failure : a situation in which a market left on its own fails to allocate resources efficiently. Externality : the impact of one person’s actions on the well-being of a bystander. Market power : the ability of a single economic actor (or small group of actors) to have a substantial influence on market prices. Productivity : the quantity of goods and services produced from each hour of a worker’s time. Inflation : an increase in the overall level of prices in the economy. Phillips curve : a curve that shows the short-run tradeoff between inflation and unemployment. Business cycle : fluctuations in economic activity, such as employment and production. CHAPTER 2 Circular-flow diagram : a visual model of the economy that shows how dollars flow through markets among households and firms. 一、1、在一般情况下，国民收入核算体系中数值最小的是： A、国内生产净值 B、个人收入 C、个人可支配收入 D、国民收入 E、国内生产总值 2、下列哪一项应计入GDP中： A、面包厂购买的面粉 B、购买40股股票 C、家庭主妇购买的面粉 D、购买政府债券 E、以上各项都不应计入。 3、计入GDP的有： A、家庭主妇的家务劳动折算合成的收入 B、拍卖毕加索作品的收入 C、出神股票的收入 D、晚上为邻居照看儿童的收入 E、从政府那里获得的困难补助收入 4、在下列各项中，属于经济中的注入因素是 A、投资； B、储蓄； C、净税收； D、进口。 5、政府支出乘数 A、等于投资乘数 B、比投资乘数小1 C、等于投资乘数的相反数 D、等于转移支付乘数 E、以是说法都不正确 6、在以下情况中，投资乘数最大的是 A、边际消费倾向为0.7； B、边际储蓄倾向为0.2； C、边际储蓄倾向为0.4； D、边际储蓄倾向为0.3。 7、国民消费函数为C=80+0.8Y，如果消费增加100亿元，国民收入 A、增加100亿元； B、减少100亿元； C、增加500亿元； D、减少500亿元。 8、如果政府支出增加 A、对IS曲线无响应 B、IS曲线向右移动 C、IS曲线向左移动 D、以上说法都不正确 9、政府税收的增加将 A、对IS曲线无响应 B、IS曲线向右移动 C、IS曲线向左移动 D、以上说法都不正确 10、位于IS曲线左下方的收入与利率的组合，都是 A、投资大于储蓄； B、投资小于储蓄； C、投资等于储蓄； D、无法确定。 11、当经济中未达到充分就业时，如果LM曲线不变，政府支出增加会导致 A、收入增加、利率上升； B、收入增加、利率下降； C、收入减少、利率上升； D、收入减少、利率下降。 12、一般地，在IS曲线不变时，货币供给减少会导致 A、收入增加、利率上升； B、收入增加、利率下降； C、收入减少、利率上升； D、收入减少、利率下降。 13、如果现行产出水平为10万亿元，总需求为8万亿，可以断定，若经济不是充分就业，那么： A、就业水平将下降 B、收入水平将上升 C、收入和就业水平将均衡 D、就业量将上升 E、就业水平将上升，收入将下降 14、在流动陷阱（凯恩斯陷阱）中 A、货币政策和财政政策都十分有效 B、货币政策和财政政策都无效 C、货币政策无效，财政政策有效 D、货币政策有效，财政政策无效 E、以上说法都不正确 15、如果实施扩张性的货币政策，中央银行可采取的措施是 A、卖出国债； B、提高法定准备金比率； C、降低再贴现率； D、提高再贴现率； 16、如果名义利率为6%，通货膨胀率为12%，那么实际利率是 A、6%； B、18%； C、12%； D、-6%。 17、自发投资增加10亿元，会使IS曲线 A、右移10亿元 B、左移10亿元 C、右移10亿元乘以支出乘数 D、左移10亿元乘以乘数 18、由于经济萧条而出现的失业属于： A、摩擦性失业 B、结构性失业 C、周期性失业 D、自愿性失业 19、如果某人刚进入劳动力队伍尚未找到工作，这是属于 A、摩擦性失业 B、结构性失业 C、周期性失业 D、自愿性失业 20、根据哈罗德的分析，如果有保证的增长率大于实际增长率，经济将： A、累积性扩张 B、累积性萧条 C、均衡增长 《经济学原理》期末考试模拟试题及答案 经济学试题 一、选择题（本题共5分，每小题2分，共10分） 1、边际消费倾向与边际储蓄倾向之和（） A. 大于 1 B. 小于1 C. 等于1 2、根据简单的国民收入决定模型，引起国民收入减少的原因是（） A. 消费减少 B. 储蓄减少 C. 消费增加 3、在IS曲线不变的情况下，货币量减少会引起（） A. 国民收入增加，利率下降 B. 国民收入增加，利率上升 C. 国民收入减少，利率上升 4、在LM曲线不变的情况下，自发总需求增加会引起（）A．国民收入增加，利率上升 B. 国民收入增加，利率不变C．国民收入增加，利率下降 5、紧缩性货币政策的运用会导致（） A. 减少货币供给量，降低利率 B. 增加货币供给量，提高利率 C. 减少货币供给量，提高利率 二、名词解释（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 1、国民生产总值： 2、财政政策： 3、货币政策： 4、充分就业： 5、通货膨胀： 三、简答题（本题共10分） 1．说明经济增长的含义，指出名义经济增长和实际经济增长含义的不同。（6分） 2.指出可能对经济增长做出贡献的两种经济因素，并说明它们是如何对经济增长做出贡献的。（4分） 四、计算题（本题10分） 假定货币需求为L=0.2Y—4r，名义货币供给M=600，价格水平P=3，消费C=150+0.6YD，税收T=60，投资I=150—5r，政府支出G=80 （1）求IS和LM曲线 （2）求产品市场和货币市场同时均衡的利率、收入和投资 五、论述题（本题共10分） 试述通货膨胀的起因及应对方法 宏观经济学部分 第十五章 一选择题 1、下列哪一项不是转移支付（） A 退伍军人的津贴； B 失业救济金； C 贫困家庭补贴； D 以上均不是。 2、作为经济财富的一种测定，GDP的基本缺点是（）。 A 它测定的是一国国民生产的全部产品的市场价值； B 它不能测定私人产出产量； C 它所用的社会成本太多； D 它不能测定与存货增加相联系的生产。 3、在国民收入核算体系中，计入GNP的政府支出是指（）。 A 政府购买物品的支出； B 政府购买物品和劳务的支出； C政府购买物品和劳务的支出加上政府的转移支付之和； D 政府工作人员的薪金和政府转移支付。 4、已知：消费额=6亿元，投资额=1亿元，间接税亿元，政府用语商品和劳务的支出费=亿元,出口额=2亿元,进口额=亿元,则（）。 A NNP=亿元 B GNP=亿元 C GNP=亿元 D NNP=5亿元 5所谓净出口是指（）。 A 出口减进口； B 进口减出口； C 出口加出口； D GNP减进口。 6在三部门经济中，如果用支出法来衡量，GNP等于（）。 A 消费+投资； B 消费+投资+政府支出； C消费+投资+政府支出+净出口 D 消费+投资+净出口。 7、计入国民生产总值的有（）。 A 家庭主妇的劳务折合成的收入； B 出售股票的收入； C 拍卖毕加索作品的收入； D 为他人提供服务所得收入。 8、国民生产总值与国民生产净值之间的差别是（）。 A 直接税； B 折旧； C 间接税； D 净出口。 9、按最终使用者类型，将最终产品和劳务的市场价值加总起来计算GDP的方法是（）。 A 支出法； B 收入法； C 生产法；D增加值法。 10、用收入法计算的GDP等于（）。 A 消费+投资+政府支出+净出口； B 工资+利息+地租+利润+间接税； C 工资+利息+中间产品+间接税+利润。 11、下列哪一项不是公司间接税（）。 A 销售税； B 公司所得税； C 货物税； D 公司财产税。 12、在统计中，社会保险税增加对（）项有影响。 A GDP B NDP C NI D PI。 三、名词解释 1、政府购买支出 《经济学原理》模拟试卷 一、单项选择题（30分，每题1分） 1、下列哪项不是经济学的基本问题（） A、生产什么 B、如何生产 C、为谁生产 D、何处生产 2、引起生产可能性边界整体向右上方移动的因素是（） A、投入要素的增加 B、某种产品的技术进步 C、某种产品的价格上升 D、所有产品的价格同比例上升 3、下列表述属于规范分析的是（） A、流动性陷阱下，货币政策无效 B、中央银行应该提高利率来控制通货膨胀 C、利率上升会引起投资下降 D、需求等于供给决定均衡的价格和产量 4、下列选项属于宏观经济学分析对象的是（） A、家庭如何选择不同产品的消费需求 B、不同市场结构下，企业如何制定价格 C、通货膨胀与货币量之间的关系 D、税收政策如何影响某种商品的市场均衡 5、小李毕业时面临三个选择，可以选择去银行工作，收入20万；可以选择去证券公司工作，收入25万；还可以选择出国学习，学费10万。问小李选择出国的机会成本是（） A、20万 B、25万 C、10万 D、35万 6、下列因素会导致对商品A的需求量发生变化的是（） A、收入上升 B、商品A的价格上升 C、商品A的替代品B的价格下降 D、人们变得更加喜欢商品A 7、下列因素不会导致商品A的供给变化的是（） A、商品A的价格上升 B、投入品价格上升 C、生产商品A的技术进步 D、人们预期A 的价格将上升 8、政府对商品价格进行限制的有关说法正确的是（） A、政府最高限价一定会降低产量 B、政府最低限价高于市场均衡价格时，可能出现供不应求的局面 C、政府最低限价政策只有在低于市场均衡价格时，才会对市场产生影响 D、政府的最高限价低于市场均衡价格时，会出现社会无谓损失 9、一个消费者对商品X的需求如下：当价格为4时，购买12个单位；当价格为6时，购买8个单位。那么该消费者对X的需求价格的弧弹性是（） A、1 B、2/3 C、1.5 C、2 10、下列因素会引起商品价格上升的是（） 曼昆微观经济学英文版课后练习题第一章 ————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期： 1 1 Chapter 1 Ten Principles of Economics Multiple Choice 1. The word that comes from the Greek word for "one who manages a household" is a. market. b. consumer. c. producer. d. economy. ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 1-0 TOP: Economy MSC: Definitional 2. The word “economy” comes from the Greek word oikonomos , which means a. “environment.” b. “production.” c. “one who manages a househol d.” d. “one who makes decisions.” ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 1-0 TOP: Economy MSC: Definitional 3. Resources are a. scarce for households but plentiful for economies. b. plentiful for households but scarce for economies. c. scarce for households and scarce for economies. d. plentiful for households and plentiful for economies. ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 1-0 TOP: Resources, Scarcity MSC: Interpretive 4. Economics deals primarily with the concept of a. scarcity. b. poverty. c. change. d. power. ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 1-0 TOP: Scarcity MSC: Definitional 5. Which of the following questions is not answered by the decisions that every society must make? a. What determines consumer preferences? b. What goods will be produced? c. Who will produce the goods? d. Who will consume the goods? ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 1-0 TOP: Economies MSC: Interpretive 6. The overriding reason as to why households and societies face many decisions is that a. resources are scarce. b. goods and services are not scarce. c. incomes fluctuate with business cycles. d. people, by nature, tend to disagre e. ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 1-0 TOP: Scarcity MSC: Interpretive 7. The phenomenon of scarcity stems from the fact that a. most economies’ production methods are not very good. b. in most economies, wealthy people consume disproportionate quantities of goods and services. c. governments restricts production of too many goods and services. d. resources are limited. ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 1-0 TOP: Scarcity MSC: Interpretive经济学原理模拟试题
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