经济学原理复习题 英文版
经济学原理复习题
1. You have $100 in savings. You could earn four percent interest if you put the $100 in a bank savings account for
a year. What is your opportunity cost if you put the $100 under the pillow of your bed instead? B
A) $0.00. B) $4.00. C) $100.00. D) $104.00.
2.________ focuses on the prices of individual goods and services and _______ focuses on the rate of inflation.
A) Microeconomics; macroeconomics B) Macroeconomics; microeconomics A
C) Microeconomics; microeconomics D) Macroeconomics; macroeconomics
3.Refer to Table 1. Matthew’s opportunity cost of designing one Web site is C
A)1/5 of a brochure. B) 4 brochures. C) 5 brochures. D) 10 brochures.
4.Refer to Tab le 1. Andrew’s opportunity cost of designing one Web site is C
A) 1/4 of a brochure. B) 2 brochures. C) 4 brochures. D) 8 brochures.
5. Refer to Table 1. _______has a comparative advantage in ________brochures. D
A) Matthew; both Web site design and in B) Andrew; both Web site design and in
C) Matthew; Web site design and Andrew has a comparative advantage in
D) Andrew; Web site design and Matthew has a comparative advantage in
6.Refer to Table 1. To maximize total production, B
A) Matthew should specialize in Web site design and Andrew should specialize in brochures.
B) Andrew should specialize in Web site design and Matthew should specialize in making brochures.
C) Matthew and Andrew should both split their time between making brochures and Web site design.
D) Matthew should make brochures and design Web sites, but Andrew should only make brochures.
7.Refer to Table 1. Andrew’s opportunity cost of designing four Web sites is __________ brochu res forgone. B
A) 8 B) 16 C) 20 D) an indeterminate number of
8.Refer to Table 1. Matthew’s opportunity cost of designing three Web sites is __________ brochures foregone.
A)12 B)13 C)15 D)20 C
9.Refer to Figure 1. The economy is currently at Point A. The opportunity cost of moving from Point A to Point B is the ______ desktop computers that must be forgone to produce _______ additional laptop computers. D
A) 60; 10 B) 20; 30 C) 80; 20D) 20; 10
10.Refer to Figure 1. The marginal rate of transformation in moving from Point A to Point B is B
A) 5. B) -2. C) -2.8. D) -4.
11.Refer to Figure 1. For this economy to move from Point B to Point C so that an additional 10 laptop computers could be produced, production of desktop computers would have to be reduced by C
A) exactly 20. B) fewer than 20. C) more than 20. D) exactly 40.
12.Refer to Figure 1. The best point for society would be D
A) Point C, as at this point there are approximately equal amounts of desktop and laptop computers being produced.
B) either Point B or Point C, as the total amount being produced at either of these points is
approximately the same.
C) at any of the labeled points, as all of the points represent an efficient allocation of resources.
D) indeterminate from this information, as we don't have any information about the society's desires.
13.Refer to Figure2. A __________ represents economic growth. B
A)shift from ppf2 to ppf1 B) shift from ppf1 to ppf2
C) movement from one to another point along ppf1 D) movement from one to another point along ppf2
14.Refer to Figure 2. A __________ best represents an improvement in technology. B
A) shift from ppf2 to ppf1 B) shift from ppf1 to ppf2
C) movement from one to another point along ppf1 D) movement from one to another point along ppf2
15.Refer to Figure 2. A(n) _________ will shift an economy's production possibility frontier from
ppf1 to ppf2. D
A) decrease in unemployment B) increase in the use of existing vacant land
C) change in consumer's tastes for the two goods D) increase in its capital stock
16.Refer to Figure 2. A(n) ________ will NOT cause the production possibility frontier to shift from ppf1 to ppf2. D
A) increase in a country’s land area B) improvement in technology
C) increase in the stock of capital D) decrease in the unemployment rate
17.Refer to Figure 3. Which of the following would be most likely to cause the demand for Dr. Pepper
to shift from D0 to D1? A
A) a decrease in income, assuming that Dr. Pepper is a normal good
B) an increase in the price of 7-UP, assuming 7-UP is a substitute for Dr. Pepper
C) a decrease in the price of Dr. Pepper
D) a reduction in the price of sugar used to make Dr. Pepper
18.Refer to Figure 4. As your income increased, your demand for X shifted from D1 to D2. X is a(n) ________ good for you. A
A) inferior B) normal C) luxury D) income-neutral
19.Refer to Figure 5. When the economy moves from Point A to Point B, there has been an _________and
an ________. B
A) increase in demand; increase in supply
B) increase in demand; increase in quantity supplied
C) increase in quantity demanded; increase in quantity supplied
D) increase in quantity demanded; increase in supply
20.Refer to Figure 5. When the economy moves from Point A to Point C, there has been A
A) a decrease in supply and a decrease in quantity demanded.
B) a decrease in quantity supplied and a decrease in demand.
C) a decrease in supply and an increase in quantity demanded.
D) an increase in supply and a decrease in quantity demanded.
21.Refer to Figure 5. When the economy moves from Point A to Point E, there has been A
A)an increase in demand and an increase in supply.
B) a decrease in demand and a decrease in supply.
C) an increase in demand and a decrease in supply.
D) an increase in quantity demanded and an increase in quantity supplied.
22.Refer to Figure 5. When the economy moves from Point E to Point B, there has been C
A) an increase in supply and an increase in quantity demanded.
B) an increase in both supply and demand.
C) a decrease in supply and an increase in demand.
D) a decrease in supply and an increase in quantity demanded.
SCENARIO 1 : Lettuce and spinach are substitutes. Lettuce and tomatoes are complements. Lettuce is a normal good. During the winter, about 20% of the lettuce crop was destroyed by flooding.
23.Refer to Scenario 1. As a result of the flooding during the winter, you would expect that B
A) the price of lettuce would rise, the supply of lettuce would increase, and the quantity demanded of
lettuce would decrease.
B) the supply of lettuce decreased, the price of lettuce rose, and the quantity demanded of lettuce
decreased.
C) the price of lettuce rose and both the quantity of lettuce supplied and the quantity of lettuce
demanded increased.
D) the supply of lettuce decreased, the price of lettuce rose, and the demand for lettuce decreased
24.Refer to Scenario 1. The floods that destroyed part of the lettuce crop would have caused the equilibrium price of spinach to ________ and the equilibrium quantity of spinach to ________. C
A) fall; decrease B) fall; increase C) rise; increase D) rise; decrease
25.Refer to Scenario 1.The floods that destroyed part of the lettuce crop would have caused a(n) ________ in the __________ tomatoes. B
A) increase; demand for B) decrease; demand for
C) increase; quantity demanded of D) decrease; quantity demanded of
26.Refer to Scenario 1.At the same time that part of the lettuce crop was destroyed, consumer income also decreased. Ceteris paribus, in the market for lettuce this would have caused D
A) both the equilibrium price and quantity to decrease.
B) the equilibrium price to rise and the equilibrium quantity to decrease.
C) the equilibrium price to fall. The equilibrium quantity could have increased, decreased, or remained the
same.
D) the equilibrium price to either rise, fall, or remain the same and the equilibrium quantity to decrease.
27.Refer to Scenario 1.The government wants to protect consumers from rising food prices. Therefore, price restrictions are imposed on lettuce growers prohibiting them from raising the price of lettuce. This will cause
A) an excess supply of lettuce. B) an excess demand for lettuce. B
C) an increase in the demand for lettuce. D) a decrease in the supply of lettuce.
28.Refer to Figure 6. At the world price of $20 per computer chip, the United States imports _______ million computer chips. B
A) 2 B) 6 C) 10 D) 12
29.Refer to Figure If a $5.00 each computer chip tax is levied on imported computer chips, the United States will import _____ million computer chips. D
A) 6 B) 10 C) 4 D) 2
30.Refer to Figure If the United States eliminates all taxes on computer chips, the price of computer chips in the United States C
A) would be $15 per computer chip, and the United States would import 10 million computer chips.
B) would be $25 per computer chip, and the United States would import 2 million computer chips.
C) would be $20 per computer chip, and the United States would import 6 million computer chips.
D) cannot be determined from this information.
31.Refer to Figure 6. Assume that initially there is free trade. If the United States then imposes a $5.00 tax on imported computer chips, B
A) the quantity demanded of computer chips will be reduced by 4 million computer chips.
B) the quantity of computer chips supplied by U.S. firms will increase by 2 million computer chips.
C) the price of computer chips in the United States will decreaseto $15.
D) U.S. imports of computer chips will increase by 1 million computer chips.
32.Refer to Figure 6. Assume that initially thereis free trade. If the United States then imposesa $5.00 per computer chip tax on imported computer chips, the tax revenue generated will equal ______ million. B
A) $50 B) $10 C) $60 D) $75
33.Refer to Figure 7. The demand for milkshakes is unitarily elastic at Point C. If the price of a milkshake is reduced from P3 to P4, total revenue B
A) will increase. B) will decrease. C) will remain constant. D) could either increase or decrease.
34.Refer to Figure 7. The demand for milkshakes is unitarily elastic at Point C. If the milkshake price falls from P1 to P2, total revenue will A
A) increase. B) decrease. C) remain constan D) either increase decrease.
35.The government is considering placing a tax on cigarettes to raise revenue to finance health care benefits. One of the arguments for this tax is that the demand for cigarettes is price inelastic. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A
A) The tax on cigarettes may not raise as much revenue as anticipated in the years to come because the demand for cigarettes is likely to become more elastic over time.
B) This is a very good way to raise revenue both in the short term and in the long term because there are no substitutes for cigarettes.
C) This tax will not raise much revenue either in the short term or the long term because demand is price inelastic.
D) No tax revenue can be raised in this way because sellers of cigarettes will just lower their price by the amount of the tax and therefore the price of cigarettes to consumers will not change.
36. True/False
1)When the slope of a demand curve is constant, price elasticity of demand is constant as well. F
2) A demand curve with continuously changing slope over all quantity values can have a constant price elasticity of demand. T
3) A demand curve with constant slope over all quantity values can have a continuously changing price elasticity of demand. T
4) Price elasticity of demand is calculated using the change in quantity demanded and the change in price. F
5) Perfectly inelastic demand is graphed as a horizontal line. F
6) Perfectly elastic demand is graphed as a horizontal line. T
7) How total revenue changes when a price changes can be predicted using price elasticity of demand. T
8) When demand is elastic, an increase in price will result in an increase in total revenue. F
9) When demand is elastic, a decrease in price will result in an increase in total revenue. T
10) When demand is inelastic, an increase in price will result in an increase in total revenue. T
11) When demand is inelastic, a decrease in price will result in an increase in total revenue. F
12) When demand is unit elastic, an increase in price will result in an increase in total revenue. F
13) When demand is unit elastic, a decrease in price will result in an increase in total revenue. F
14) A positive cross-price elasticity between two goods implies that the two goods are substitutes. T
15) A positive cross-price elasticity between two goods implies that the two goods are compliments. F
37.Refer to Figure 8. Assume Mr. Lingle is on budget constraint AC. If the price of a gardenburger is $5, Mr.Lingle's monthly income is D
A) $20. B) $60. C)100. D) $200.
38.Refer to Figure 8. Assume Mr. Lingle is on budget constraint AC. If the price of a beer is $5, Mr. Lingle's monthly income is D
A) $40. B) $80. C) $100. D) $200.
39.Refer to Figure 8. The slope of budget constraint AC is A
A)-1. B) -2. C) -5. D) indeterminate from this information because prices are not given.
40.Refer to Figure 8.Assume Mr. Lingle's budget is AC. Given his current monthly income he cannot purchase the
quantities of the two goods at point _____. C
A) A B) B C) D D) E
41.Refer to Figure 8. Along budget constraint AC, the opportunity cost of one gardenburger is B
A) 1/4 of a beer B)1 beer. C) 2 beers. D) changing as Mr. Lingle moves down his budget constraint.
42.Refer to Figure 8.Mr. Lingle's budget constraint is AC. His choice set is all points A
A) in the area bounded by OAC. B) along budget constraint AC.
C) to the right of budget constraint AC. D) along the vertical and horizontal axes.
43.Refer to Figure 8.Mr. Lingle's budget constraint is AC. Point E is B
A) an available option and Mr. Lingle exactly spends all of his income.
B) an available option and Mr. Lingle does not spend all of his income.
C) not in Mr. Lingle’s opportunity set but is on his budget constraint.
D) not available because it represents a combination of gardenburgers and beer that Mr. Lingle cannot
purchase with his current income.
44.Refer to Figure 9.Bill's budget constraint was originally CD. If his new budget constraint is EF, then his income
A)increased. B) decreased. A
C) increased and the price of black beans decreased.
D) decreased and the price of black beans increased.
45.Refer to Figure 9.Bill's budget constraint is BD. If the price of bell peppers increases, Bill's new budget constraint is
A) AD. B) AO. C) CD. D) EF . A
46.Refer to Figure 9.Bill's budget constraint is BD. Bill's income is $800, the price of a bell pepper is $1, and the price of a bag of black beans is $1. At Point B Bill is buying _________bell peppers and __________ bags of black beans. A
A) 800; 0 B) 0; 800 C) 400; 400 D) 600; 200
47.True/False
1)When the price of a good increases, the budget constraint does not change. F
2) Assuming a perfectly competitive market implies that households have perfect knowledge of qualities and
prices of everything available in the market. T
3) Homogeneous products are distinguishable from each other. F
4)Price increases cause a decrease in a household’s choice set. T
5)Ignoring income effects, an increase in the wage rate will cause an increase in labor supply
6)The diamond/water paradox helps to illustrate the concept of marginal value. T
48.The diamond/water paradox states that the things with the ______ value in use frequently have _______ value in exchange. C
A)least; the least B) least; little or no C) greatest; little or no D) greatest; the greatest
49.Refer to Figure 10. If the price of an ice cream cone is $2, Jason's income is C
A) $75. B) $250. C)300. D) indeterminate because the price of ice cream sandwiches is not given.
50.Refer to Figure 10. Jason maximizes utility at Point A
A) A. B) B. C) C. D) D.
51.Refer to Figure 10. The slope of the indifference curve is the ratio of the A
A)marginal utility of ice cream cones to the marginal utility of ice cream sandwiches.
B) marginal utility of ice cream sandwiches to the marginal utility of ice cream cones.
C) total utility of ice cream cones to the total utility of ice cream sandwiches.
D) total utility of ice cream sandwiches to the total utility of ice cream cones.
52.Refer to Figure 10. At Point A, the slope of the indifference curve is A
A) -0.67. B) -1.5. C) -3.0. D) indeterminate because the marginal utilities are unknown.
53.Refer to Figure 10.If the price of an ice cream cone is $2, the price of ice cream sandwiches is B
A) $2. B) $3. C) $50. D) $100.
54.Refer to Figure If this shoe manufacturer increases labor from 15 to 20, the marginal product of the 20th worker C
A) is zero, as the total number of shoes produced remains at 50.
B) is 8.5, as capital can be reduced by 8.5 units when the 20th worker is hired.
C) cannot be determined because output remains constant.
D) cannot be determined because both capital and labor have been increased.
55.Refer to Figure 11. If the price of capital is $10 and the price of labor is $20, the optimal product technique is A
A) A. B) B. C) C. D) D.
60.Refer to Table 2.Assuming the price of labor (L) is $5 per unit and the price of capital (K) is $10 per unit, what production technique should this firm use to produce 2 units of output? B
A)Production technique A B)Production technique B
C) The firm is indifferent between production technique A and production technique B.
D) It is impossible to determine if the firm should select production technique A or B because total fixed
costs are not given.
61.Refer to Table 2.Assuming the price of labor (L) is $5 per unit and the price of capital (K) is $10 per unit, the total variable cost of producing one unit of output is B
A) $16 B) $100 C)$120. D) $220.
62.Refer to Table 2. Assume that the relevant time period is the short run. Assuming the price of labor (L) is $5 per unit and the price of capital (K) is $10 per unit, this firm's total cost of producing one unit of output is D
A)$100. B) $120. C) $220. D) indeterminate from this information.
63.Refer toTable 2.Assuming the price of labor (L) is $5 per unit and the price of capital (K) is $10 per unit, the marginal cost of producing the third unit of output is B
A)$30. B) $40. C)$50. D) indeterminate from this information.
64.Refer to Table 3. If Sherry produces zero earrings, her total fixed costs are C
A)$0. B) $50. C)$100. D) indeterminate from this information.
65.Refer to Table 3.If Sherry produces one pair of earrings, her total variable costs are A
A) $50. B) $100. C)$150. D) indeterminate from this information.
66.Refer to Table 3.If Sherry produces two pairs of earrings, her marginal cost is A
A) $40. B) $45. C)$72.50. D) $122.50.
67.Refer to Table 3.If Sherry produces three pairs of earrings, her total variable costs are B
A) $26.67. B) $140. C) $175. D) $225.
68.Refer to Table 3. If Sherry produces five pairs of earrings, her total costs are C
A) $320. B) $360. C) $370. D) $400.
69.Refer to Table 3.If Sherry produces four pairs of earrings, her average fixed costs are C
A) $4. B) $20. C) $25. D) $100.
70.Refer to Table 3.Assume that Sherry's Earrings is producing in a perfectly competitive market and the market price for earrings is $60. To maximize profits Sherry should produce __________ pairs of earrings. C
A) Two B) three C)four D) five
71.Refer to Figure 13.For this farmer to maximize profits he should produce __________ bushels of wheat. C
A) 6 B) 9 C) 12 D)16
72.Refer to Figure 13.If this farmer is maximizing profits, his total costs will be D
A) $11. B) $66. C)$90. D) $132.
73.Refer to Figure 13.If this farmer is maximizing his profits, his TVC is C
A) $24. B) $42. C)$108. D) $255.
74.Refer to Figure 13. This farmer's fixed costs are B
A)$0. B) $24. C) $45. D) indeterminate unless we know the level of output the firm is producing.
75.Refer to Figure 13.If this farmer is maximizing profits, his total revenue will be C
A) $90. B) $135. C)$180. D) $240.
76.Refer to Figure 13.If this farmer is maximizing profits, his profit will be C
A) -$24. B) $45. C)48. D) $72.
77.Refer to Figure 13.If this farmer is maximizing profit, his operating profit (or loss) is C
A) -$24. B) $48. C)$72. D) $156
78.Refer to Figure 13.This farmer would earn a zero operating profit if price was A
A) $7. B) $9. C) $10. D) $11.
79.Refer to Figure 13.This farmer would earn a zero economic profit if price was C
A)$7. B) $9. C) $10. D) $11.
80.Refer to Figure 13.This farmer's shutdown point is at a price of C
A) $0. B) $4. C) $7. D) $10.
81.Refer to Figure 14.This firm's shutdown point corresponds to Point B
A)A. B)B. C) C. D)D.
82.Refer to Figure14.This firm's short-run supply curve is the firm's C
A)AVC curve to the right of Point B. B) marginal cost curve above Point A.
C)marginal cost curve above Point B. D) marginal cost curve above Point D.
83.Refer to Figure 14.This firm will earn an operating profit, but incur an economic loss if price is C
A) between $0 and $4. B) between $4 and $7. C) between $7 and $13. D) above $13.
84.Refer to Figure 14.This firm will earn a zero economic profit if price is D
A) $0. B) $4. C) $7. D) $13
85.True/False
1、Input prices fall as entry occurs in an increasing-cost industry. FALSE
2、Entry of new firms in an increasing-cost industry leads to an upward shift of the LRAC curve. TRUE
3、Information on MC of production is all that is necessary to obtain the industry supply curve, because
P = MC is the profit-maximization condition for all firms. FALSE
4、The long run industry supply curve is made up of the zero-profit equilibrium levels of output as
the industry expands due to entry. TRUE
5、When price is sufficient to cover average variable costs, firms suffering short-run losses will
continue to operate rather than shut down. TRUE
6、At all prices below the shutdown point, optimal short-run output is zero. TRUE
7、The horizontal sum of marginal cost curves (above AVC) of all the firms in an industry is the short-run
industry supply curve. TRUE
8、The marginal cost curve of a firm above AVC is also its short-run supply curve. TRUE
89.Refer to Figure 16.If labor supply is given by S0 and the firm is using K1 units of capital, this firm should hire
__________ units of labor to maximize profit. A
A) I0 B) I1 C) I2 D) I3
90.Refer to Figure 16.The market wage is initially W0 and the firm is initially at Point A. Labor supply decreases from S0 to S1, if the firm does not change the amount of capital it employs, the firm will move to Point __ to maximize profits. A
A) B B) C C) E D) F
93.An increase in technology will cause a marginal revenue product of labor curve to C
A) be unaffected because the productivity of labor has not changed.
B) shift to the left. C) shift to the right D) become more inelastic.
94.A firm’s marginal cost curve in a perfectly competitive product market is the same as its ______ curve. Similarly,
a firm’s marginal revenue product curve in a perfectly competitive labor market is the same as its ________ curve.
A)demand; supply B)supply; demand C)demand; demand D)supply; supply B
95.A firm is currently hiring capital and labor so that MP L/P L < MP K/P K, if the firm wishes to maximize profits it should hire D
A)less labor and less capital. B) more capital and more labor.
C) more labor and less capital. D) less labor and more capital.
96.The equilibrium condition P = MC holds C
A) only if all markets are imperfectly competitive. B) as long as all firms maximize profits.
C) only if all markets are perfectly competitive. D) only for goods produced by the public sector.
97._______is an example of a public good. B
A) An automobile B) National defense C) A restaurant D) A hospital
98.Your next-door neighbor has a beautiful rose garden. But you are allergic to roses and cannot use your yard because of the rose pollen that drifts into your yard. In this case, the rose garden is an example of a B
A) public good. B) good that imposes an external cost.
C) good that provides an external benefit. D) Pareto good.
99.Which of the following is an example of an external benefit? A
A) More people start to ride the bus because they become more public-spirited and, as a result, air pollution
is reduced.
B) Firms are able to reduce their costs of production by using a more efficient technology.
C) The federal government spends a million dollars on improving national parks.
D) A firm has just gotten permission to open a landfill on property that is adjacent to your home.
100.Refer to Figure 17. The profit-maximizing level of output for this monopolist is _______units of output. B
A) 20 B) 22 C) 24 D) 26
101.Refer to Figure 17.The profit-maximizing price for this firm is D
A) $5. B) $7. C) $9. D) $11
102. Refer to Figure 17. If this firm is producing the profit-maximizing quantity and selling it at the
profit-maximizing price, the firm's profit will be C
A) $80. B) $84. C)$88. D) $132.
103.Refer to Figure 18. The Silver Exchange has a monopoly over the sale of solid silver walking sticks.
The Silver Exchange has hired you as an economic consultant. You should advise this monopolist to A
A) shut down in the short run and exit the industry in the long run.
B) produce in the short run and expand capacity in the long run.
C) produce in the short run but exit the industry in the long run.
D) shut down in the short run but expand capacity in the long run.
104.Refer to Figure 18. The profit-maximizing level of output for the Memory Company is __________ high school yearbooks. B
A) 0 B) 200 C) 300 D) 350
105.Refer to Figure 18. The profit-maximizing price for the Memory Company's high school yearbook is C
A) $0. B) $9. C) $16. D) $20.
106.Refer to Figure 18. The profit-maximizing level of profit for the Memory Company is C
A)-$1,800. B)-$1,200. C) -$800. D) $0.
107.Refer to Figure 18. The Memory Company's operating profit is D
A)-$800. B) -$1,000. C) $800. D) $1,000.
完整word版生理学期末考试试题及答案
一、单项选择题(每小题1分，共计30分) 1. 全身动脉血液变动在80－180mmHg范围内，肾血流量由于血管口径的相应变化，仍能保持相对稳定，属于 A. 自身调节 B. 神经调节 C. 正反馈调节 D. 体液调节 2. 有机磷农药中毒时骨骼肌痉挛的原因是 A. 乙酰胆碱释放增加 B．刺激运动神经末梢的兴奋 C．胆碱脂酶被抑制，乙酰胆碱在运动终板处堆积 2+内流．增加了CaD3. 低温、缺氧或代谢抑制，影响细胞的钠-钾泵活动时，将导致 A. 静息电位值增大，动作电位幅度减小。 B. 静息电位值减小，动作电位幅度增大。 C. 静息电位值增大，动作电位幅度增大。 D. 静息电位绝对值减小，动作电位幅度减小。 4.血沉加快表示红细胞 A.通透性增大 B.脆性增大 C.悬浮稳定性差 D.可塑性差 5.柠檬酸钠的抗凝机理是 A.加强血浆抗凝血酶的作用 B.使血浆中的钙离子成为不易解离的络合物 C.抑制凝血酶活性 D.中和酸性凝血物质 6.甲状腺手术容易出血的原因是甲状腺含有较多的 A.血浆激活物 B.组织激活物 C.纤溶酶 D.抗凝血酶 7.某人的血细胞与B型血的血清凝集，而其血清与B型血的红细胞不凝集，此人血型为 A.A型 B.B型 C.O型 D.AB型 8.幼年时期缺乏生长激素将造成 A. 呆小症 B. 巨人症 C. 侏儒症 D. 肢端肥大症 9.在心动周期中，心室血液充盈主要是由于 A.心房收缩的挤压作用 B.心室舒张的抽吸作用 C.骨骼肌的挤压作用 D.胸内负压促进回流 10.窦房结作为正常起搏点的主要原因是。 A.位于心肌上部 B.0期去极化速度快 C.没有平台期 D.4期自动化去极化速度最快 11.室性期前收缩之后常出现代偿性间歇的原因是。
曼昆经济学原理英文版文案加习题答案8章
144 WHAT’S NEW IN THE S EVENTH EDITION: A new In the News box on ―The Tax Debate ‖ has been added. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of this chapter, students should understand: how taxes reduce consumer and producer surplus. the meaning and causes of the deadweight loss from a tax. why some taxes have larger deadweight losses than others. how tax revenue and deadweight loss vary with the size of a tax. CONTEXT AND PURPOSE: Chapter 8 is the second chapter in a three-chapter sequence dealing with welfare economics. In the previous section on supply and demand, Chapter 6 introduced taxes and demonstrated how a tax affects the price and quantity sold in a market. Chapter 6 also described the factors that determine how the burden of the tax is divided between the buyers and sellers in a market. Chapter 7 developed welfare economics —the study of how the allocation of resources affects economic well-being. Chapter 8 combines the lessons learned in Chapters 6 and 7 and addresses the effects of taxation on welfare. Chapter 9 will address the effects of trade restrictions on welfare. The purpose of Chapter 8 is to apply the lessons learned about welfare economics in Chapter 7 to the issue of taxation that was addressed in Chapter 6. Students will learn that the cost of a tax to buyers and sellers in a market exceeds the revenue collected by the government. Students will also learn about the factors that determine the degree by which the cost of a tax exceeds the revenue collected by the government. 8 APPLICATION: THE COSTS OF TAXATION
经济学原理_试题(B)
南开大学经济学院本科2010级经济学原理期末考试（B 卷） 专业： 姓名 学号 成绩 任课教师： 一、单项选择（每小题2分，共30分） < 1、关于生产可能性边界，以下不正确的是：（ ） A 、 生产可能性边界是一个国家利用资源所能生产出的最大商品集合的边界。 B 、 生产可能性边界的斜率代表了增加某种商品产出的机会成本。 C 、 生产可能性边界凹向原点是因为资源的稀缺性。 D 、 生产可能性边界随着技术进步而向右移动。 2、对一种奢侈品征税，很可能使税收负担（ ） A 、 更多的落在买者身上 B 、 、 C 、 更多的落在卖者身上 D 、 在买者和卖者之间平等的分摊 E 、 完全落在买者身上 3、假设可以购买三个一样的鼠标。买者1愿意为一个鼠标支付60元钱，买者2愿意为一个鼠标支付50元钱，买者3愿意为一个鼠标支付40元钱。如果鼠标的市场价格是50元钱，将卖出多少鼠标，这个市场的消费者剩余值是多少（ ） A 、 将卖出一个鼠标，消费者剩余值为60元钱 B 、 将卖出三个鼠标，消费者剩余值为0元 C 、 将卖出三个鼠标，消费者剩余值为10元 D 、 将卖出两个鼠标，消费者剩余值为10元 ; 4、如果一个竞争企业的产量翻了一番，它的总收益（ ） A 、 翻一番 B 、 翻了一番还多 C 、 翻了不到一番 D 、 不能确定，因为物品价格可能上升或下降。 5、在能供给整个市场的产量时，其平均总成本一直下降到最小的企业称为（ ） A 、 完全竞争者 B 、 自然垄断 C 、 政府垄断
E、受管制的垄断 6、垄断竞争企业在长期内经济利润为零，是因为：（） A、市场上存在许多卖者。 B、虽然产品有差异，但产品之间的差异不够大。 C、企业可以无成本的自由进入与退出市场。 D、以上都是。 7、在以下商品中，提高价格最有可能使生产者的收入提高的商品是：（） A、粮食。 B、》 C、高档服装。 D、汽车。 E、手机。 8、下列哪个事件影响了2010年中国的国内生产总值GDP（） A、2010年中国人的家庭劳动 B、2010年中国公司在海外承包的大型建设工程 C、2010年在中国的一家钢铁公司为另一家在中国的造船厂生产的特种钢材。 D、2010年在中国的一家汽车公司把生产出来的汽车封入库存，以便明年旺季销售。 . 9、X与Y两种商品的价格分别由去年的10元与2元上涨至今年的11元与元，如果一个篮子是由4个X和10个Y组成的，那么以去年为基期，今年的通货膨胀率是（） A、10％ B、15% C、20％ D、25％ 10、下列情况中可能会降低社会的失业率的是（） A、政府组织公共培训计划 B、政府提高最低工资水平 C、工会为其会员争取更高的工资待遇 D、| E、企业实行效率工资 11、下列不属于中央银行货币政策工具的是（） A、公开市场操作 B、法定准备金 C、贴现率 D、发行或回购国债 12、假定货币供应量是万亿，真实GDP是5万亿，物价水平是2，货币流通速度则是（）
经济学原理模拟试题
一、单项选择题（每小题只有一个符合题意的正确答案，请将你认为是正确答案的序号写在答卷纸上。本大题30个小题，每小题1分，共30分） 1、价格是影响需求的最重要的因素，一般来说，价格和需求的变动成（ B ）。 A.成正方向变化 B.成反方向变化 C.不相关 D.完全等价 2、某消费者逐渐增加某种商品的消费量，直到实现效用最大化。在这一过程中，该商品的（C ） A.总效用和边际效用不断增加 B.总效用不断下降，边际效用不断增加 C.总效用不断增加，边际效用不断下降 D.总效用和边际效用不断减少 3、亨利花了一个小时购物并买了一件价值30美元的衣服，购买该衣服的机会成本是（）。 A.一个小时 B.30美元 C.一个小时加30美元 D.一个小时加30美元的次优用途 4、整个行业只有唯一供给者的市场结构是（）。 A.完全垄断市场 B.完全竞争市场 C.寡头垄断市场 D.垄断竞争市场 5、如果价格下降10%能使买者总支出增加1%，则这种商品的需求量对价格（）。 A.富有弹性 B.具有单位弹性 C.缺乏弹性 D.其弹性不能确定 6、完全竞争市场上的企业之所以是价格接受者，是因为（）。 A.它对价格有较大程度的控制 B.它生产了所在行业绝大部分产品 C.它的产量只占行业的全部产量的一个很小的份额 D.该行业只有很少数量的企业 7、假如某教授的年薪是20万元，若他从事其他的职业，最多只能得到3万元，那么，他所获得的经济租金为（）。 A. 20万元 B. 17万元 C. 3万元 D.不确定 8、一年内在本国领土所生产的最终产品的市场价值总和被称为（）。 A.国民生产总值 B.国内生产总值 C.国民生产净值 D.实际国内生产总值 9、政府的财政收入政策通过（）对国民收入产生影响。 A.政府转移支付 B.政府购买 C.消费支出 D.出口 10、中央银行降低再贴现率，会使银行准备金（）。 A.增加 B.减少 C.不变 D.以上都有可能 11、中央银行在公开市场卖出政府债券是企图（）。 A.收集一笔资金帮助政府弥补财政赤字 B.减少商业银行在中央银行的存款 C.减少流通中基础货币以紧缩货币供给 D.通过买卖债券获取差价利益 12、如果某商品的需求收入弹性大于1，则该商品属于（）。 A.高档品 B.必需品 C.低档物 D.生活用品 13、已知某消费者的收入是200元，商品X的价格是20元，商品Y的价格是6元。假定他打算购买7单位X和10单位Y，这时商品X和Y的边际效用分别是50和18，如要获取最大效用，他应该（）。 A.停止购买 B.增购X，减少Y的购买量 C.增购Y，减少X的购买量 D.同时增购X、Y 14、国民生产净值等于国民生产总值减去（）。 A.折旧 B.间接税 C.所得税 D.政府的转移支付 15、一般认为，只有在（）市场上，企业的生产成本从长期来看才是最低的，市场机制才能实现资源的有效配置。 A.寡头垄断 B.垄断竞争 C.完全竞争 D.不完全竞争 16、现代西方宏观经济学的研究正式开始的标志是（）。 A.《国富论》 B.《就业、利息和货币通论》 C.《经济学原理》 D.《经济学：原理、问题和政策》 17、如果其他各种条件均保持不变，当X商品的互补品Y商品的价格上升时，对X商品的需求：（）。 A.增加 B.减少 C.不变 D.无法确定 18、在研究消费者行为时，我们需要假定消费者是追求效用最大化的和理性的，这是（）假设。 A.社会人 B.经济人 C.复杂人 D.自我实现人
经济学原理试题
一、判断题（下列各题，如果您认为正确，请在题后的括号中打上“√”号，否则请打上“×”号，每题1分，共10分）1.由于世界资源是有限的，当两个国家发生贸易时，一个国家的消费如果增加，另一个国家的消费必定减少。（）2．假设其他条件都不变，当苹果的价格升高时，苹果的供给就会增加。（）3．无论是完全竞争还是垄断竞争，厂商在长期内只能得到正常利润。（）4．根据边际效用递减规律，消费者的总满意度会随着所吃糖块数量的增加而减少。（） 5. 当苹果的价格处于均衡价格时，每个想得到苹果的人都可以得到。（） 6.通货膨胀期间的所有价格都上涨。（）7.财政政策的作用，是通过政府的税收和支出的力量而移动总供给曲线。（）8.对经济学家来说，投资这个词表示购买股票。（）9.当你把50美元存入你的支票账户的时候，M1仍然不变。（）10.自动稳定器存在一个潜在执行上的滞后，因为萧条开始时，国会需讨论所面临的问题。（）二、单项选择题（每题1分，共50分） 1.以下不属于生产要素的是（） A.电脑B.用于创办新公司的100万美元C．工厂的工人D.在达拉斯的一块空地皮 2.我计划去看一场5美元的电影而不是复习准备考试，这场电影的总机会成本是（） A.是我用这5美元所能买到的东西以及我所放弃的学习时间。 B.是5美元。 C.取决于电影好看与否。 D.是我在相同时间里所能学到的东西。 3.市场机制是（） A.依靠销售和价格来向生
产者传递信息。 B.消除由于政府干预而导致的市场失灵。 C.通过政府的中央计划得以实现。 D.是非常无效率的，因为无法通过直接的方式在消费者和生产者之间进行沟通。 4.一个社会必须关注生产什么这一问题，因为（）A．政府失灵。 B.一个经济体内部的资金是有限的。 C.生产可能性曲线。D．它不能生产所需要的所有商品和服务。 5.下面哪种情况能够使生产可能性曲线向外移动（）A．经济体中资金量的增加。 B.雇佣工人数量的减少。 C.技术的提高。 D.美国移民数量的减少。6．某消费者消费一个单位的某商品获得的效用为50，消费两单位该商品的效用为90，消费三单位的效用为121，则该消费者消费第三单位的该商品获得的效用边际效用为（）A．87 B. 40 C.31 D.71 7.当人们的收入水平提高时,则食物支出占总支出的比重将( )。 A. 大大增加 B. 稍有增加 C. 不变D. 8.如果某商品的价格从3元上升到5元,其需求量从11单位下降到9单位,该厂商的收益将( )。 A. 增加B. C. 不变 D. 9.在其他条件不变的情况下,如果某商品的价格下降10％能够引起消费者在该商品上的总支出增加1％,则这种商品的需求量对其价格是( )。 A. 富有弹性的 B. 缺乏弹性的C. 单元弹性的 D. 10.总产量曲线的斜率是（） A.总产量 B.平均产量 C.边际产量
《生理学》期末考试复习题及答案(重点)
一．名词解释 1.兴奋性：指机体或组织对刺激发生反应的能力或特性。 2.静息电位：细胞在安静状态时，存在于细胞膜两侧的电位差。 3.红细胞比容：指红细胞占血液的百分比。 4.血液凝固：血液由流动的的液体状态下不能流动的凝胶状态的过程 5.搏出量：一侧心室每次收缩射出的血量。 6.心输出量：一侧心室每分钟射入动脉的血量称为每分输出量。它等于搏出量和心率的乘积。 7.心动周期：心脏每收缩和舒张一次，构成一个机械活动周期。 8.血压：血管内流动的血液对单位面积血管壁的侧压力。 9.肺泡通气量：指每分钟吸入肺泡的新鲜气体量，等于潮气量与无效腔气量之差乘以呼吸频率。 10.通气/血流比值：是指肺泡通气量与每分肺血流量的比值，正常人安静时，比值为0.84。11.肾小球滤过率：指每分钟两肾生成的原料量，正常成人安静时125ml/min。 12.渗透性利尿：若小管液溶质溶度升高时，小管液的渗透压随之升高。肾小管各段和集合管对水的重吸收减少，尿量增加，这种利尿方式称为渗透性利尿。13.突触：神经元与神经元之间、神经元与效应器之间发生功能接触的部位。 14.牵涉痛：内脏疾患引起体表特定部位发生疼痛或痛觉过敏的现象 15.激素：内分泌腺或内分泌细胞分泌的生物活性物质。 16.允许作用：一种激素对某种生理功能没有直接作用，但它存在可大大加强另外一种激素的这种生理作用，前一激素对后一激素的这种作用。 二．填空题 反应的基本形式：兴奋与抑制。可兴奋组织：神经、肌肉和腺细胞。 神经纤维传导兴奋的特点有完 整性、绝缘性、双向性和相对疲劳性。 影响能量代谢的因素有：肌肉活动、环境温度、食物特殊动力效应、精神活动。 促进蛋白质的激素：生长素甲状腺激素胰岛素性激素小脑对躯体运动的调节作用：1. 维持身体平衡 2.调节肌紧张3. 协调随意运动。 血浆中的抗凝物质有抗凝血酶 3 蛋白C系统组织因子途径抑 制物肝素 影响静脉回流的因素：心肌收缩 力、重力和体位、呼吸运动、骨 骼肌作用。 淋巴生成的意义？1.回收蛋白 质 2.运输营养物质3.调节血浆 和组织液之间的液体平衡 4.防 御屏障的作用 呼吸包括外呼吸、气体在血液中 的运输、内呼吸。 肺泡表面活性物质作用调节大 小肺泡内压，维持大小肺泡表面 的张力容积稳定减少吸气阻力 防止肺水肿 主要的胃肠激素有促胃液素 促胰液素缩胆囊素抑胃肽 简述胃运动的方式 1.紧张性收 缩 2.容受性舒张3.蠕动 抑制胃排空的因素有肠-胃反射 肠抑胃素 三．简答题： 人体功能的活动的调节方式及 特点？ （1）调节方式：神经调节体液 调节自身调节。 （2）神经调节作用迅速，准确， 短暂， 体液调节作用缓慢，但作用 范围较广泛，作用时间持久； 自身调节的作用较局限，可 在神经调节和体液调节尚未参 与或不参与时发挥其调控作 用。 简述神经细胞动作电位形成的 机制？ 神经细胞阈刺激或阈上刺 激，膜上大量钠离子通道被激 活，钠离子 大量内流，膜内负电位迅速减小 并消失，产生动作电位的上升 支。当促使钠离子内流的动力 （浓度差）和阻止钠离子内流的 阻力（电位差）达到平衡时，钠 离子净内流停止。此时动作电位 达到最大幅值，称为钠离子平衡 电位。钠通道开放时间很短，随 后失活关闭。此时膜上钾离子通 道开放，钾离子顺电位差和浓度 差向细胞外扩散，膜内电位迅速 下降，产生动作电位下降支。 血小板的基本功能：1. 维持血管内皮的完整性：2.促进 生理性止血；3.参与血液凝固： 血小板能为凝血。因子的相互作 用提供磷脂表面。 简述影响肾小球滤过的因 素？ （1.）肾血浆流量的改变； （2.）肾小球有效滤过压的改变； （3.）滤过膜的改变，包括通透 性和面积两方面的改变。 简述尿生成的过程：肾小球 滤过;肾小管和集合管的重吸收； 肾小管和集合管的分泌和排泄。 影响远曲小管和集合管重 吸收的主要因素包括：小管液溶 质的浓度；抗利尿激素；醛固酮。 大量饮清水时，尿量有何变 化？为什么？ 尿量增多。大量饮入清水→ 血浆晶体渗透压降低→渗透压 感受器抑制→抗利尿激素合成 和释放减少→远曲小管和集合 管对水的通透性降低→水的重 吸收减少→尿量减少。 严重呕吐及腹泻后尿量有 何改变，机制如何？ 尿量减少。严重呕吐或腹 泻→机体水分丧失多→血浆晶 体渗透压增高→渗透压感受 器兴奋→抗利尿激素合成释放 增多→远曲小管和集合管对水 的重吸收增加→尿量减少。另 外，机体水分丧失→循环血量减 少→容量感受器抑制，同时血浆 晶体渗透压增高→渗透压感受 器兴奋→抗利尿激素合成释 放增多→远曲小管和集合管对 水的重吸收增加→尿量减少 。 简单叙述视觉的二元学说 在人类的视网膜中,由于存在视 锥系统和视杆系统以上两种相 对独立的感光换能系统,分别管 理明视觉和暗视觉,这个理论被 称为视觉的二元学说 简述中枢抑制的分类 突触后抑制：1.传入侧支性抑制 2.回返性抑制 突触前抑制 简述突触传递兴奋的特征: 1.单向传递 2.中枢延搁 3.总和 4.兴奋节律的改变 5.后发放 6. 对内环境变化敏感和易疲劳。 简述血液凝固的基本过程？ 第一步：通过内源性、外源性激 活途径，激活因子X形成凝血酶 原激活物（Xa、V、PF3、钙离 子）；第二步：凝血酶原激活物 使凝血酶原转变为凝血酶；第三 步：凝血酶使纤维蛋白原（溶胶）
曼昆经济学原理英文版文案加习题答案22章
WHAT’S NEW IN THE S EVENTH EDITION: A new Case Study on Left-Digit Bias has been added and a new In the News feature on "Can Brain Science Improve Economics" has been added. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of this chapter, students should understand: how to examine problems caused by asymmetric information. the market solutions to asymmetric information. why democratic voting systems may not represent the preferences of society. why people may not always behave as rational maximizers. CONTEXT AND PURPOSE: Chapter 22 is the last chapter in the microeconomics portion of the text. It is the second of two unrelated chapters that introduce students to advanced topics in microeconomics. These two chapters are intended to whet their appetites for further study in economics. The purpose of Chapter 22 is to give students a taste of three topics on the frontier of microeconomic research. The first topic addressed is asymmetric information , a situation when one person in an economic relationship has more relevant knowledge than the other person does. The second topic is political economy , the application of economic tools to the understanding of the functioning of government. The third topic addressed is behavioral economics , the introduction of psychology into the study of economic issues. 22 FRONTIERS OF MICROECONOMICS
经济学原理试卷及答案
《经济学原理》（A卷） 专业：学号：姓名：分数： 一、选择题（每小题2分，共40分,每题只有一个正确答案） 1、由于选择人们不得不付出的代价被称为（） A、费用 B、成本 C、机会成本 D、支出 2、微观经济学要解决的问题是（） A、既定资源的配置 B、资源总量的决定 C、如何实现充分就业 D、国民收入的决定 3、若某商品价格上升2％，其需求量下降10％，则该商品的需求（） A、缺乏弹性 B、富有弹性 C、具有单位弹性 D、完全无弹性 4、边际效用递减意味着，随着对一种商品消费数量的增加（） A、商品价格越来越高 B、无差异曲线向右下方倾斜 C、预算约束线的斜率越来越小 D、消费者为增加一单位该商品支付的意愿减少 5、在完全竞争市场上，厂商的短期供给曲线是（） A、MC以上的AVC曲线 B、MC以上的AC曲线 C、AVC以上的MC曲线 D、AC以上的MC曲线 6、在完全垄断市场上，厂商面对的需求曲线（） A、与数量轴平行 B、与边际收益曲线重合 C、向右下方倾斜 D、位于边际收益曲线的下方 7、公共物品导致市场失灵，是因为它们具有（） A、竞争性 B、非排他性 C、排他性 D、有用性 8、在国民收入核算体系中，一定时期内一国生产的所有最终产品和劳务的市场价值总和是指（） A、国内生产总值 B、国民收入 C、国内生产净值 D、可支配收入总和 9、失业率是指（） A、失业人数占劳动力总数的百分比 B、失业人数占就业人数的百分比 C、失业人数城镇劳动力总数的百分比 D、失业人数占整个国家人数的百分比 10、在总需求与总供给的短期均衡中，总需求增加必然导致（） A、国民收入减少，价格总水平下降
生理学期末考试试题库(经典整理)
生理学试题库 【习题】 一、名词解释 1.反射: 在中枢神经系统参与下，机体对内外环境变化所产生的适应性反应。它是神经调节的基本方式。 2.神经调节: 通过神经系统完成的调节。即中枢神经系统的活动通过神经元的联系，对机体各部分的调节。 3.体液调节: 通过体液中的某些化学物质(如激素、细胞的代谢产物)完成的调节，包括全身性体液调节和局部性体液调节。 4.反馈: 由受控部分将信息传回到控制部分的过程。 5.负反馈: 反馈信息使控制系统的作用向相反效应转化。 6.正反馈: 反馈信息使控制系统的作用不断加强，直到发挥最大效应。 二、填空题 1.观察马拉松赛跑时心脏活动和呼吸的变化属(整体)水平研究。 2.在中枢神经系统参与下，机体对刺激作出有规律的反应称(反射)。 3.激素或代谢产物对器官功能进行调节，这种方式称(体液调节)。 4.生理学的动物实验方法可分为(急性动物实验)和（慢性动物实验）。 5.生理功能的自动控制方式为反馈，它可分为(正反馈)和(负反馈)。 6.体内在进行功能调节时，使控制部分发放信息加强，此称(正反馈)。 7.维持稳态的重要途径是(负反馈)反馈调节。 8.体液调节是通过(体液中化学物质)完成的。 三、判断题 1.生命活动的基本特征主要有新陈代谢、兴奋性等。 (√) 2.破坏中枢神经系统，将使反射消失。 (√) 3.条件反射和非条件反射，都是种族所共有的，生来就具备的反射活动。 (√) 4.自身调节需要神经中枢参与完成。 (×) 5.在取消了器官的神经调节和体液调节后，将丧失调节能力。 (×) 6.破坏中枢神经系统，将使反应消失。 (×) 五、简述题 1.生理学研究大致分为哪几个水平? 根据人体结构层次的不同，其研究大致可分为：①细胞、分子水平；②器官、系统水平；③整体水平。 2.简述负反馈及其生理意义。 负反馈是指反馈信息的作用使控制系统的作用向相反效应转化，如兴奋→抑制；抑制→兴奋。其意义是使机体功能活动及内环境理化因素保持相对稳定。 3.简述神经调节及其特点。 神经调节，是人体最主要的调节方式，它通过反射来实现。反射的结构基础是反射弧，由感受器、传入神经、神经中枢、传出神经、效应器。反射的形式有条件反射和非条件反射两种。神经调节的特点是迅速、精确、短暂和局限。就整个机体的调节机制来看，神经调节在大多数情况下处于主导地位。 4.体液调节有哪些形式?其特点如何? 体液调节包括有①全身性体液调节，调节物质主要是激素，特点是缓慢、广泛、持久，调节新陈代谢、生长发育、生殖等功能。②局部性体液调节，调节物质是某些代谢产物，如CO2、乳酸、腺苷等，特点是较局限，作用是使局部与全身的功能活动相互配合和协调。 第一章细胞的基本功能 【习题】 一、名词解释 1.易化扩散: 水溶性小分子物质在膜结构中特殊蛋白质的“帮助下”，由膜的高浓度一侧向低浓度一侧的转运，包括“载体”介导的易化扩散和“通道”介导的易化扩散 2.阈强度: 固定刺激的作用时间和强度－时间变化率于某一适当值，引起组织或细胞兴奋的最小刺激强度。 3.阈电位: 能触发细胞兴奋产生动作电位的临界膜电位。 4.局部反应: 可兴奋细胞在受到阈下刺激时并非全无反应，只是这种反应很微弱，不能转化为锋电位，并且反应只局限在受刺激的局部范围内不能传向远处，因此，这种反应称为局部反应或局部兴奋。其本质是一种去极化型的电紧张电位。 二、填空题 1.物质跨越细胞膜被动转运的主要方式有(单纯扩散)和(易化扩散)。 2.一些无机盐离子在细胞膜上(通道蛋白质)的帮助下，顺电化学梯度进行跨膜转动。 3.单纯扩散时，随浓度差增加，扩散速度(增快)。 4.通过单纯扩散方式进行转运的物质可溶于(脂肪)。 5.影响离子通过细胞膜进行被动转运的因素有(膜的通透性)，(膜两侧浓度差)和(膜两侧电位差)。 6.协同转运的特点是伴随(Na＋)的转运而转运其他物质，两者共同用同一个(载体)。 7.易化扩散必须依靠一个中间物即(载体)的帮助，它与主动转运的不同在于它只能(顺)浓度梯度扩散。
北大2005年秋经济学原理期末试题答案.
2005年秋季学期《经济学原理》期末试题 注意：请全部用中文回答（留学生可用英文）。试卷的答案必须写在答题册上才有效，请记住在答题册上写下姓名和学号。 Good luck! 一、判断题（判断并必须说明理由，可以用文字或图形。每题5分，共40分） 注意以下各题中出现的斜体字部分是已知条件，不用做出判断。 1.垄断厂商的定价总是选择在其需求曲线缺乏弹性（即需求价格弹性小于1）的地方。 错。垄断者选择在弹性大于1的地方生产。参见作业第15章第13题答案。 2. 如果一个行业的企业的定价在边际成本以上，经济学家就认定存在市场势力。小王这么说，一个行业所有的企业的成本情况都相同，且利润都等于零，那么该行业一定不存在市场势力。请判断小王的说法。 不对，垄断竞争企业的长期利润等于零，但是存在市场势力（定价高于边际成本）。 3.由于存在边际产量递减，所以企业的长期平均总成本曲线最终会向上弯曲。 不对，边际产量递减是短期平均成本曲线向上弯曲的原因。长期平均成本曲线向上弯曲的原因是规模不经济。 4.虽然某垄断厂商所面临的需求曲线从D1变为D2，但是有可能该厂商所生产的产品数量不变。请用图形来说明你的判断（不用图形，即使判断正确也扣3分）。 正确。如下图： 5.价格歧视虽然增加了垄断者的利润但是也都对经济效率带来了无谓损失。 错误，完全价格歧视就没有任何效率损失。 6.在完全竞争的情况下所有的农民采用新技术降低了小麦的生产边际成本（随着边际成本的 P Q D2 D1 MR1 MR2 MC P2 P1
降低，平均成本也会向下移动），结果小麦的供给上升，价格下降，由于小麦的需求缺乏弹性，那么农民的收入下降，这就是“谷贱伤农”。既然情况如此，为什么每个农民都希望发明新技术来降低边际成本呢？小王的解释是对于每个农民来讲，采用新技术是其优势战略，所以出现了斜体字部分所描述的那种“谷贱伤农”情况；小张的解释是每个农民都采用新技术是一种纳什均衡状况，但不是优势战略均衡状况。小张的说法正确，小王的说法错误。错误。根据题中的条件可以知道采用新技术是每个农民的优势战略。理由是当其他农民都不采用新技术时，采用新技术（正利润）要好于不采用新技术（利润为零）；当其他农民都采用新技术时，采用新技术（利润为零）也要好于不采用新技术（亏本）。 7. 一个完全竞争行业处于长期均衡，然后政府决定对于该行业的每个企业（注意只要进入该行业即可获得补贴）给予一次性的补贴（即补贴与产量无关）。给予补贴后，该行业再一次达到长期均衡。小王认为，补贴并达到长期均衡后，补贴前就已经在该行业的边际企业的产量将下降。 正确，因为补贴使得平均成本下降（边际成本不会变化），每个原有企业获得正利润，吸引其他企业进入，市场价格下降，原有的边际企业就会沿着边际成本减少产量。 8.当对一个完全竞争行业进行价格上限管制（该价格上限低于市场均衡价格）时，达到长期均衡后，该价格上限等于边际企业的边际成本，同时也等于该企业的最低平均总成本。 正确。限制性价格上限低于市场均衡价格，使得一部分企业退出市场。达到长期均衡后，边际企业的经济利润等于零。即限制性价格上限等于边际成本，也等于最低平均成本。 二、选择题（每题3分且只有一个正确答案。共30分） 1.Accounting profit is equal to (i) total revenue – implicit costs. (ii) total revenue – opportunity costs. (iii) economic profit + implicit costs. A. (i) only B. (iii) only C. (i) and (ii) D. None of the above are correct. 2. Because each oligopolist cares about its own profit rather than the collective profit of all the oligopolists together, A. they are unable to maintain the same degree of monopoly power enjoyed by a monopolist. B. each firm’s profit always ends up being zero. C. society is worse off as a result. D. All of the above are correct. 3. As new firms enter a monopolistically competitive market, profits of existing firms A. rise and product diversity in the market increases. B. rise and product diversity in the market decreases. C. decline and product diversity in the market increases. D. decline and product diversity in the market decreases. 4.垄断厂商的边际成本曲线是MC=8，该厂商所面临的需求曲线是P=40-Q，其中P代表价格，Q代表数量。下面哪个产量使得该垄断厂商的利润最大： A 32 B 16
经济学原理试卷及答案
专业：学号：姓名：分数： 一、选择题（每小题2分，共40分,每题只有一个正确答案） 1、由于选择人们不得不付出的代价被称为（） A、费用 B、成本 C、机会成本 D、支出 2、微观经济学要解决的问题是（） A、既定资源的配置 B、资源总量的决定 C、如何实现充分就业 D、国民收入的决定 3、若某商品价格上升2％，其需求量下降10％，则该商品的需求（） A、缺乏弹性 B、富有弹性 C、具有单位弹性 D、完全无弹性 4、边际效用递减意味着，随着对一种商品消费数量的增加（） A、商品价格越来越高 B、无差异曲线向右下方倾斜 C、预算约束线的斜率越来越小 D、消费者为增加一单位该商品支付的意愿减少 5、在完全竞争市场上，厂商的短期供给曲线是（） A、MC以上的AVC曲线 B、MC以上的AC曲线 C、AVC以上的MC曲线 D、AC以上的MC曲线 6、在完全垄断市场上，厂商面对的需求曲线（） A、与数量轴平行 B、与边际收益曲线重合 C、向右下方倾斜 D、位于边际收益曲线的下方 7、公共物品导致市场失灵，是因为它们具有（） A、竞争性 B、非排他性 C、排他性 D、有用性 8、在国民收入核算体系中，一定时期内一国生产的所有最终产品和劳务的市场价值总和是指（） A、国内生产总值 B、国民收入 C、国内生产净值 D、可支配收入总和 9、失业率是指（） A、失业人数占劳动力总数的百分比 B、失业人数占就业人数的百分比 C、失业人数城镇劳动力总数的百分比 D、失业人数占整个国家人数的百分比 10、在总需求与总供给的短期均衡中，总需求增加必然导致（） A、国民收入减少，价格总水平下降 B、国民收入增加，价格总水平下降
生理学期末考试试题及答案精编版
生理学期末考试试题及 答案精编版 MQS system office room 【MQS16H-TTMS2A-MQSS8Q8-MQSH16898】
一、单项选择题(每小题1分，共计30分) 1.全身动脉血液变动在80－180mmHg范围内，肾血流量由于血管口径的相应变 化，仍能保持相对稳定，属于 A.自身调节 B.神经调节 C.正反馈调节 D.体液调节 2.有机磷农药中毒时骨骼肌痉挛的原因是 A.乙酰胆碱释放增加 B．刺激运动神经末梢的兴奋 C．胆碱脂酶被抑制，乙酰胆碱在运动终板处堆积 D．增加了Ca2+内流 3.低温、缺氧或代谢抑制，影响细胞的钠-钾泵活动时，将导致 A.静息电位值增大，动作电位幅度减小。 B.静息电位值减小，动作电位幅度增大。 C.静息电位值增大，动作电位幅度增大。 D.静息电位绝对值减小，动作电位幅度减小。 4.血沉加快表示红细胞 A.通透性增大 B.脆性增大 C.悬浮稳定性差 D.可塑性差 5.柠檬酸钠的抗凝机理是 A.加强血浆抗凝血酶的作用 B.使血浆中的钙离子成为不易解离的络合物 C.抑制凝血酶活性 D.中和酸性凝血物质 6.甲状腺手术容易出血的原因是甲状腺含有较多的 A.血浆激活物 B.组织激活物 C.纤溶酶 D.抗凝血酶 7.某人的血细胞与B型血的血清凝集，而其血清与B型血的红细胞不凝集，此人 血型为 型型 型型 8.幼年时期缺乏生长激素将造成 A.呆小症 B.巨人症 C.侏儒症 D.肢端肥大症 9.在心动周期中，心室血液充盈主要是由于 A.心房收缩的挤压作用 B.心室舒张的抽吸作用 C.骨骼肌的挤压作用 D.胸内负压促进回流 10.窦房结作为正常起搏点的主要原因是。 A.位于心肌上部 期去极化速度快 C.没有平台期 期自动化去极化速度最快 11.室性期前收缩之后常出现代偿性间歇的原因是。
经济学原理名词解释(英文版)
经济学原理名词解释 CHAPTER 1 Scarcity : the limited nature of society’s resources. Economics : the study of how society manages its scarce resources. Efficiency : the property of society getting the most it can from its scarce resources. Equity : the property of distributing economic prosperity fairly among the members of society. Opportunity cost : whatever must be given up to obtain some item. Marginal changes : small incremental adjustments to a plan of action. Market economy : an economy that allocates resources through the decentralized decisions of many firms and households as they interact in markets for goods and services. Market failure : a situation in which a market left on its own fails to allocate resources efficiently. Externality : the impact of one person’s actions on the well-being of a bystander. Market power : the ability of a single economic actor (or small group of actors) to have a substantial influence on market prices. Productivity : the quantity of goods and services produced from each hour of a worker’s time. Inflation : an increase in the overall level of prices in the economy. Phillips curve : a curve that shows the short-run tradeoff between inflation and unemployment. Business cycle : fluctuations in economic activity, such as employment and production. CHAPTER 2 Circular-flow diagram : a visual model of the economy that shows how dollars flow through markets among households and firms.
《经济学原理》期末考试模拟试题及答案word版本
《经济学原理》期末考试模拟试题及答案
经济学试题 一、选择题（本题共5分，每小题2分，共10分） 1、边际消费倾向与边际储蓄倾向之和（） A. 大于 1 B. 小于1 C. 等于1 2、根据简单的国民收入决定模型，引起国民收入减少的原因是（） A. 消费减少 B. 储蓄减少 C. 消费增加 3、在IS曲线不变的情况下，货币量减少会引起（） A. 国民收入增加，利率下降 B. 国民收入增加，利率上升 C. 国民收入减少，利率上升 4、在LM曲线不变的情况下，自发总需求增加会引起（）A．国民收入增加，利率上升 B. 国民收入增加，利率不变C．国民收入增加，利率下降 5、紧缩性货币政策的运用会导致（） A. 减少货币供给量，降低利率 B. 增加货币供给量，提高利率 C. 减少货币供给量，提高利率 二、名词解释（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 1、国民生产总值：
2、财政政策： 3、货币政策： 4、充分就业： 5、通货膨胀： 三、简答题（本题共10分） 1．说明经济增长的含义，指出名义经济增长和实际经济增长含义的不同。（6分）
2.指出可能对经济增长做出贡献的两种经济因素，并说明它们是如何对经济增长做出贡献的。（4分） 四、计算题（本题10分） 假定货币需求为L=0.2Y—4r，名义货币供给M=600，价格水平P=3，消费C=150+0.6YD，税收T=60，投资I=150—5r，政府支出G=80 （1）求IS和LM曲线 （2）求产品市场和货币市场同时均衡的利率、收入和投资
五、论述题（本题共10分） 试述通货膨胀的起因及应对方法